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Wang Y, Charkoftaki G, Orlicky DJ, Davidson E, Aalizadeh R, Sun N, Ginsberg G, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V, Chen Y. CYP2E1 in 1,4-dioxane metabolism and liver toxicity: insights from CYP2E1 knockout mice study. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:3241-3257. [PMID: 39192018 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane (DX), an emerging water contaminant, is classified as a Group 2B liver carcinogen based on animal studies. Understanding of the mechanisms of action of DX liver carcinogenicity is important for the risk assessment and control of this environmental pollution. Previous studies demonstrate that high-dose DX exposure in mice through drinking water for up to 3 months caused liver mild cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage, a process correlating with hepatic CYP2E1 induction and elevated oxidative stress. To access the role of CYP2E1 in DX metabolism and liver toxicity, in the current study, male and female Cyp2e1-null mice were exposed to DX in drinking water (5000 ppm) for 1 week or 3 months. DX metabolism, redox and molecular investigations were subsequently performed on male Cyp2e1-null mice for cross-study comparisons to similarly treated male wildtype (WT) and glutathione (GSH)-deficient Gclm-null mice. Our results show that Cyp2e1-null mice of both genders were resistant to DX-induced hepatocellular cytotoxicity. In male Cyp2e1-null mice exposed to DX for 3 months, firstly, DX metabolism to β-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid was reduced to ~ 36% of WT levels; secondly, DX-induced hepatic redox dysregulation (lipid peroxidation, GSH oxidation, and activation of NRF2 antioxidant response) was substantially attenuated; thirdly, liver oxidative DNA damage was at a comparable level to DX-exposed WT mice, accompanied by suppression of DNA damage repair response; lastly, no aberrant proliferative or preneoplastic lesions were noted in DX-exposed livers. Overall, this study reveals, for the first time, that CYP2E1 is the main enzyme for DX metabolism at high dose and a primary contributor to DX-induced liver oxidative stress and associated cytotoxicity. High dose DX-induced genotoxicity may occur via CYP2E1-independent pathway(s), potentially involving impaired DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Emily Davidson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Reza Aalizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Gary Ginsberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA.
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Inyang I, White HE, Timme K, Keating AF. Biological sex differences in hepatic response to in utero dimethylbenz(a)anthracene exposure. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 124:108553. [PMID: 38307155 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Fetal hepatic dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) biotransformation is not defined, thus, this study investigated whether the fetal liver metabolizes DMBA and differs with biological sex. KK.Cg-a/a (lean; n = 20) or KK.Cg-Ay/J (obese; n = 20) pregnant mice were exposed to corn oil (CT) or DMBA (1 mg/kg bw/day) by intraperitoneal injection (n = 10/treatment) from gestation day 7-14. Postnatal day 2 male or female offspring livers were collected. Total RNA (n = 6) and protein (n = 6) were analyzed via a PCR-based array or LC-MS/MS, respectively. The level of Mgst3 was lower (P < 0.05) in livers of female compared to male offspring. Furthermore, in utero DMBA exposure increased (P < 0.1) Cyp2c29 and Gpx3 levels (P < 0.05) in female offspring. In male offspring, the abundance of Ahr, Comt (P < 0.1), Alox5, and Asna1 (P < 0.05) decreased due to DMBA exposure. Female and male offspring had 34 and 21 hepatic proteins altered (P < 0.05) by in utero DMBA exposure, respectively. Opposing patterns for hepatic CD81 and KRT78 occurred, being decreased in females but increased in males, while YWHAG was decreased by DMBA exposure in both. Functional KEGG pathway analysis identified enrichment of 26 and 13 hepatic metabolic proteins in male and female offspring, respectively, due to in utero DMBA exposure. In silico transcription factor analysis of differentially expressed proteins predicted involvement of female NRF1 but male AHR. Thus, hepatic biological sex differences and capacity to respond to toxicants in utero are supported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hunter E White
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, USA
| | - Kelsey Timme
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, USA
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Roach CM, Mayorga EJ, Baumgard LH, Ross JW, Keating AF. Zearalenone exposure differentially affects the ovarian proteome in pre-pubertal gilts during thermal neutral and heat stress conditions. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae115. [PMID: 38666409 PMCID: PMC11217906 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin, causes endocrine disruption and porcine reproductive dysfunction. Heat stress (HS) occurs when exogenous and metabolic heat accumulation exceeds heat dissipation. Independently, HS and ZEN both compromise swine reproduction; thus, the hypothesis investigated was two-pronged: that ZEN exposure would alter the ovarian proteome and that these effects would differ in thermal neutral (TN) and HS pigs. Pre-pubertal gilts (n = 38) were fed ad libitum and assigned to either (TN: 21.0 ± 0.1 °C) or HS (12 h cyclic temperatures of 35.0 ± 0.2 °C and 32.2 ± 0.1 °C). Within the TN group, a subset of pigs were pair-fed (PF) to the amount of feed that the HS gilts consumed to eliminate the confounding effects of dissimilar nutrient intake. All gilts orally received a vehicle control (CT) or ZEN (40 μg/kg/BW) resulting in six treatment groups: thermoneutral (TN) vehicle control (TC; n = 6); TN ZEN (TZ; n = 6); PF vehicle control (PC; n = 6); PF ZEN (PZ; n = 6); HS vehicle control (HC; n = 7); or HS ZEN (HZ; n = 7) for 7 d. When compared to the TC pigs, TZ pigs had 45 increased and 39 decreased proteins (P ≤ 0.05). In the HZ pigs, 47 proteins were increased and 61 were decreased (P ≤ 0.05). Exposure to ZEN during TN conditions altered sec61 translocon complex (40%), rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane (8.2%), and proteasome complex (5.4%), asparagine metabolic process (0.60%), aspartate family amino acid metabolic process (0.14%), and cellular amide metabolic process (0.02%) pathways. During HS, ZEN affected cellular pathways associated with proteasome core complex alpha subunit complex (0.23%), fibrillar collagen trimer (0.14%), proteasome complex (0.05%), and spliceosomal complex (0.03%). Thus, these data identify ovarian pathways altered by ZEN exposure and suggest that the molecular targets of ZEN differ in TN and HS pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Roach
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Edith J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jason W Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Konstandi M, Johnson EO. Age-related modifications in CYP-dependent drug metabolism: role of stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1143835. [PMID: 37293497 PMCID: PMC10244505 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1143835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating clinical evidence indicates extensive inter-individual variations in the effectiveness and adverse effects of standard treatment protocols, which are largely attributed to the multifactorial regulation of the hepatic CYP-dependent drug metabolism that is connected with either transcriptional or post-translational modifications. Age and stress belong to the most important factors in CYP gene regulation. Alterations in neuroendocrine responses to stress, which are associated with modified hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis function, usually accompany ageing. In this light, ageing followed by a decline of the functional integrity of organs, including liver, a failure in preserving homeostasis under stress, increased morbidity and susceptibility to stress, among others, holds a determinant role in the CYP-catalyzed drug metabolism and thus, in the outcome and toxicity of pharmacotherapy. Modifications in the drug metabolizing capacity of the liver with age have been reported and in particular, a decline in the activity of the main CYP isoforms in male senescent rats, indicating decreased metabolism and higher levels of the drug-substrates in their blood. These factors along with the restricted experience in the use of the most medicines in childhood and elderly, could explain at an extent the inter-individual variability in drug efficacy and toxicity outcomes, and underscore the necessity of designing the treatment protocols, accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Konstandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Elizabeth O. Johnson
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Konstandi M, Johnson EO, Lang MA. Stress as a Potential Regulatory Factor in the Outcome of Pharmacotherapy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:737716. [PMID: 35401076 PMCID: PMC8984175 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.737716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Konstandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Elizabeth O Johnson
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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SAYED N, MURATA I, ABDALLA O, KILANY O, DESSOUKI A, SASAKI K. Effects of dapagliflozin in combination with insulin on cytochrome P450 activities in a diabetes type 1 rat model. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1597-1603. [PMID: 34483187 PMCID: PMC8569876 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported that diabetes alters the activities of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which, in turn, affects the disposition of some drugs. We herein examined and compared the effects of the combination of dapagliflozin with a low insulin dose, a full dose of insulin alone, and dapagliflozin alone for 3 and 8 weeks on CYP activities in a diabetes type 1 rat model. We induced type 1 diabetes in rats using a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Daily treatment with the full dose of insulin alone, dapagliflozin alone, or dapagliflozin in combination with a low dose of insulin was then initiated. STZ-induced rats developed marked hyperglycemia and altered CYP2E activities. Dapagliflozin in combination with a low dose of insulin stabilized hyperglycemia and CYP1A, 2D, 2E and 3A activities. However, dapagliflozin alone did not improve blood glucose levels or CYP activities. These results suggest that the effects of dapagliflozin in combination with a low dose of insulin are similar to those of a full dose of insulin, and stabilize CYP activities in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha SAYED
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu,
Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ikue MURATA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu,
Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Osama ABDALLA
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Omnia KILANY
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amina DESSOUKI
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez
Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Kazuaki SASAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu,
Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Hogervorst JGF, Saenen ND, Nawrot TS. Gestational acrylamide exposure and biomarkers of fetal growth: Probing the mechanism underlying the association between acrylamide and reduced fetal growth. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106668. [PMID: 34120003 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Four epidemiological studies have shown a negative association between prenatal acrylamide exposure and birth size. In order to shed light on the possible underlying mechanism(s), we analysed associations between acrylamide biomarkers and biomarkers related to fetal growth. METHODS In newborns of the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort (n ranges from 215 to 434), we investigated the association between prenatal acrylamide exposure (acrylamide and glycidamide hemoglobin adduct levels in cord blood) and thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4 and the ratio of T4 to T3 in cord plasma), insulin-related factors (cord plasma insulin and IGF1, and placental IGF2), neurotrophins (cord plasma BDNF, and placental NGF, NT3 and NT4), and cord plasma homocysteine and progesterone, using multiple linear regression analysis. In addition, we investigated whether the biomarkers mediated the associations between prenatal acrylamide exposure and birth outcomes. RESULTS We observed lower cord plasma TSH (-10.2% [95% CI: -15.0, -4.3]) and higher placental NGF levels (10.0% [95% CI 3.7, 17.4]) for a twofold increase of acrylamide adducts, a decrease in the ratio of cord plasma free T4 and free T3 with higher acrylamide and glycidamide adducts of -2.9% (95% CI: -5.7, -0.1) and -3.9% (95% CI: -6.2, -1.6) for a twofold increase in acrylamide and glycidamide adduct levels, respectively, and higher cord plasma free T3 with increases in both acrylamide and glycidamide adducts of 2.8% (95% CI: 0.2, 5.6) and 3.6% (95% CI: 0.8, 6.6) for a twofold increase in acrylamide and glycidamide adduct levels, respectively. Additionally, a twofold increase in glycidamide adducts was associated with lower cord plasma insulin levels, particularly among newborns of non-smoking mothers (-11.2% [95% CI: -19.5, -0.1]). Cord plasma insulin seemed to mediate the association between glycidamide adducts and birth weight. CONCLUSIONS A decrease in cord plasma insulin levels may be (a marker of) a mechanism by which gestational acrylamide exposure is associated with decreased fetal growth. The possible health consequences of the associations between gestational acrylamide exposure and thyroid hormones and neurotrophins warrant future study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelly D Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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Kim DH, Sim Y, Hwang JH, Kwun IS, Lim JH, Kim J, Kim JI, Baek MC, Akbar M, Seo W, Kim DK, Song BJ, Cho YE. Ellagic Acid Prevents Binge Alcohol-Induced Leaky Gut and Liver Injury through Inhibiting Gut Dysbiosis and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091386. [PMID: 34573017 PMCID: PMC8465052 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major liver disease worldwide and can range from simple steatosis or inflammation to fibrosis/cirrhosis, possibly through leaky gut and systemic endotoxemia. Many patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) die within 60 days after clinical diagnosis due to the lack of an approved drug, and thus, synthetic and/or dietary agents to prevent ASH and premature deaths are urgently needed. We recently reported that a pharmacologically high dose of pomegranate extract prevented binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness and hepatic inflammation by suppressing oxidative and nitrative stress. Herein, we investigate whether a dietary antioxidant ellagic acid (EA) contained in many fruits, including pomegranate and vegetables, can protect against binge alcohol-induced leaky gut, endotoxemia, and liver inflammation. Pretreatment with a physiologically-relevant dose of EA for 14 days significantly reduced the binge alcohol-induced gut barrier dysfunction, endotoxemia, and inflammatory liver injury in mice by inhibiting gut dysbiosis and the elevated oxidative stress and apoptosis marker proteins. Pretreatment with EA significantly prevented the decreased amounts of gut tight junction/adherent junction proteins and the elevated gut leakiness in alcohol-exposed mice. Taken together, our results suggest that EA could be used as a dietary supplement for alcoholic hepatitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-ha Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Yejin Sim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Jin-hyeon Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - In-Sook Kwun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Jae-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea;
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Jee-In Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea;
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (Y.-E.C.)
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (Y.-E.C.)
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Darakjian L, Deodhar M, Turgeon J, Michaud V. Chronic Inflammatory Status Observed in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Induces Modulation of Cytochrome P450 Expression and Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094967. [PMID: 34067027 PMCID: PMC8124164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes a hyperglycemic status which leads, over time, to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. The most frequent form of diabetes is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which is often part of a metabolic syndrome (hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, abdominal obesity) that usually requires the use of several medications from different drug classes to bring each of these conditions under control. T2DM is associated with an increase in inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α are associated with a downregulation of several drug metabolizing enzymes, especially the cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms CYP3As and CYP2C19. A decrease in these P450 isoenzymes may lead to unexpected rise in plasma levels of substrates of these enzymes. It could also give rise to a mismatch between the genotypes determined for these enzymes, the predicted phenotypes based on these genotypes and the phenotypes observed clinically. This phenomenon is described as phenoconversion. Phenoconversion typically results from either a disease (such as T2DM) or concomitant administration of medications inducing or inhibiting (including competitive or non-competitive inhibition) a P450 isoenzyme used by other substrates for their elimination. Phenoconversion could have a significant impact on drug effects and genotypic-focused clinical outcomes. As the aging population is exposed to polypharmacy along with inflammatory comorbidities, consideration of phenoconversion related to drug metabolizing enzymes is of importance when applying pharmacogenomic results and establishing personalized and more precise drug regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Darakjian
- Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Precision Pharmacotherapy Research and Development Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.D.); (M.D.); (J.T.)
| | - Malavika Deodhar
- Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Precision Pharmacotherapy Research and Development Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.D.); (M.D.); (J.T.)
| | - Jacques Turgeon
- Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Precision Pharmacotherapy Research and Development Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.D.); (M.D.); (J.T.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Veronique Michaud
- Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Precision Pharmacotherapy Research and Development Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.D.); (M.D.); (J.T.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-407-454-9964
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Sharma V, Kaur R, Sharma VL. Ameliorative potential of Adhatoda vasica against anti-tubercular drugs induced hepatic impairments in female Wistar rats in relation to oxidative stress and xeno-metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113771. [PMID: 33388427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Adhatoda vasica Nees is widely used herb of indigenous system to treat various ailments especially upper respiratory tract infections. Not only, anti-tubercular efficacy of crude extract and phytoconstituents of A. vasica has been documented but its hepatoprotective role against various drugs mediated hepatic alterations in different animal models has also been observed. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide (H-R-Z) are anti-tubercular drugs normally prescribed by health professionals for the treatment of tuberculosis, however along with their medical effectiveness these drugs also exhibit hepatotoxicity among TB patients. Unexpectedly, substantial toxicological data on the metabolism of anti-TB drugs are available but the mystery behind these xenobiotics is too complex and partly implicit. In this study, we further explored the hepatotoxic effects of these xeno-metabolic products and their amelioration by Adhatoda vasica Nees by elucidating its mechanistic action. METHODS We generated a hepatotoxic rodent model by oral administration of H, R and Z (30.85, 61.7 and 132.65 mg/kg body weight) drugs for 25 days in Wistar rats. Additionally, to achieve hepatoprotection two different doses of Adhatoda vasica Nees ethanolic leaf extract (200 and 300 mg/kg body weight) were used along with H-R-Z dosage, orally and once daily for 25 days and tried to ascertain their mechanistic action. For this, initially phytoconstituents of the extract were evaluated followed by extract standardization using RP-HPLC and FTIR methods. Furthermore, antioxidant activity of the extract was analyzed by DPPH assay. Finally, different treated groups were analyzed for hepatic oxidative stress markers, antioxidant markers, histopathological changes and gene expression study including CYP2E1, CYP7A1, NAT, NR1I2 and UGT1A1 genes involved in phase I and phase II xeno-metabolism. RESULTS Estimated content of vasicine in RP-HPLC method and free-radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay was found to be 134.519 ± 0.00269μg/10mg of leaf extract and 47.81 μg/mL respectively. In H-R-Z treated group, a significant increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid, significant reduction in the levels of GSH, and enzymatic markers and marked changes in hepatic histological architecture were observed. In addition, there was significance up-regulation of CYP7A and NAT genes, down-regulation of CYP2E1 gene and insignificant expression levels of NR1I2 and UGT1A1 genes were observed in H-R-Z group. Conversely, high dose of A. vasica extract effectively diminished these alterations by declining oxidative stress and boosting of antioxidant levels. In addition, it acted as bi-functional inducer of both phase I (CYP2E1) and phase II (NAT and UGT1A1) enzyme systems. CONCLUSION Hence, we concluded that anti-TB drugs exposure has potential to generate reactive metabolites that eventually cause hepatotoxicity by altering oxidant-antioxidant levels and their own metabolism. This study not only emphasized on xeno-metabolism mediated hepatic alterations but also explore the benefit of A. vasica on these toxic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Yu H, Zhang P, Liu H, Sun X, Liang J, Sun L, Chen Y. Hypoglycemic activity of Origanum vulgare L. and its main chemical constituents identified with HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Food Funct 2021; 12:2580-2590. [PMID: 33629672 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03166f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Origanum vulgare L. (O. vulgare) is an important medicine food homology in diabetes. The present study aimed to assess the hypoglycemic effect of the leaf extract of O. vulgare in HepG2 and HepG2-GFP-CYP2E1 (E47) cells, and disclose its potential active components by the HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS method. Firstly, we evaluated the anti-diabetic capacity of the leaf extract of O. vulgare through inhibition of α-glucosidase activity, promotion of glucose uptake, inhibition of glycosylation and relieving of oxidative stress. Secondly, the promoter activity, the mRNA and protein expression of PEPCK and SREBP-1c, and the expression of CPY2E1 and GLUT2 in the O. vulgare mediated anti-diabetic capacity were analyzed in HepG2 and E47 cells. Finally, HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis was performed to identify the herb's main components under 280 nm irradiation. In vitro assays demonstrated that the extract inhibited α-glucosidase activity, promoted glucose uptake, inhibited glycosylation and relieved oxidative stress, which suggested that O. vulgare leaf extract has a strong hypoglycemic capacity. Moreover, mechanistic analysis also showed that the extract decreased the promoter activity and the mRNA and protein expression of PEPCK and SREBP-1c. In addition, the extract inhibited the expression of CPY2E1 and enhanced the expression of GLUT2. Moreover, the UV chromatogram at 280 nm showed six main peaks, identified as amburoside A (or 4-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzoyloxymethyl) phenyl O-β-d-glucopyranoside), luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, apigenin 7-O-glucuronide, rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid and a novel compound, demethylbenzolignanoid, based on accurate MS data. This work supported the ethnopharmacological usage of O. vulgare as an antidiabetic herbal medicine or dietary supplement and identified its main phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Yu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China.
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12
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Kuzgun G, Başaran R, Arıoğlu İnan E, Can Eke B. Effects of insulin treatment on hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 activities and lipid peroxidation levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1157-1164. [PMID: 33520832 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels may increase in diabetic state and lead to oxidative stress, which plays a critical role in the progression of diabetes. There are various sources of ROS, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s), which may be modulated in terms of their activities and expressions under diabetic conditions. This study is aimed to investigate the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and insulin treatment on hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activities and LPO levels. Methods: CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 activities were measured with ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and p-nitrophenol hydroxylase activities, respectively. LPO levels were then corroborated via thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Results: In diabetic rats, a marked 2.1- and 2.4-fold increase in hepatic CYP1A1 activity and 1.8- and 1.6-fold increase in hepatic CYP2E1 activity were observed compared to controls and insulin-treated diabetic rats, respectively. Hepatic LPO levels in diabetic rats did not significantly change compared to controls. However, in insulin-treated diabetic rats, LPO levels are 0.92- and 0.89-fold remarkably decrease compared to controls and diabetics, respectively. Conclusion: The present study suggests that insulin might have a useful role in the modulation of CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 activities as well as LPO levels in the liver of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Kuzgun
- Present Address: Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Yenimahalle, Ankara 06560 Turkey
| | - Rahman Başaran
- Present Address: Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Yenimahalle, Ankara 06560 Turkey
| | - Ebru Arıoğlu İnan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Yenimahalle, Ankara 06560 Turkey
| | - Benay Can Eke
- Present Address: Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Yenimahalle, Ankara 06560 Turkey
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13
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Massart J, Begriche K, Fromenty B. Cytochrome P450 2E1 should not be neglected for acetaminophen-induced liver injury in metabolic diseases with altered insulin levels or glucose homeostasis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101470. [PMID: 32571750 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is mediated by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), a highly toxic metabolite generated by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). Thus, pathological conditions increasing CYP2E1 activity can favour APAP-induced liver injury, which is characterized by massive hepatocellular necrosis and secondary sterile inflammation. In a recent work, Wang et al. showed that APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was exacerbated in a murine model of type 1 diabetes induced by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ). Higher hepatotoxicity was in particular associated with a stronger proinflammatory response of the resident macrophages. Although the authors carried out numerous investigations, they did not study hepatic CYP2E1, nor discussed the possible role of this enzyme in the exacerbation of APAP hepatotoxicity. However, numerous investigations reported hepatic CYP2E1 induction in STZ-treated rodents, which could be secondary to insulinopenia and ketosis. This commentary also discusses the role of insulin resistance in CYP2E1 induction observed in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Investigators studying APAP-induced liver injury in the context of insulinopenia or hyperinsulinemia are thus encouraged to consider CYP2E1 as a significant player in the observed phenotypic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Massart
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Karima Begriche
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, 35000 Rennes, France.
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Transcriptional Regulation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10070283. [PMID: 32660130 PMCID: PMC7408131 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10070283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the primary risk factor for the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the worldwide prevalence of which continues to increase dramatically. The liver plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of whole-body lipid and glucose homeostasis. This is mainly mediated by the transcriptional activation of hepatic pathways that promote glucose and lipid production or utilization in response to the nutritional state of the body. However, in the setting of chronic excessive nutrition, the dysregulation of hepatic transcriptional machinery promotes lipid accumulation, inflammation, metabolic stress, and fibrosis, which culminate in NAFLD. In this review, we provide our current understanding of the transcription factors that have been linked to the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. Using publicly available transcriptomic data, we outline the altered activity of transcription factors among humans with NAFLD. By expanding this analysis to common experimental mouse models of NAFLD, we outline the relevance of mouse models to the human pathophysiology at the transcriptional level.
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15
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Shimamura Y, Shibata M, Sato M, Nagai R, Yang P, Shiokawa KI, Kikuchi H, Masuda S. Anti-hyperglycemic Activity and Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End Products by Lonicera japonica Thunb. in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shimamura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | | | - Midori Sato
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University
| | - Ping Yang
- Japan Preventive Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd
| | | | | | - Shuichi Masuda
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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16
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Abstract
In aerobes, oxygen is essential for maintenance of life. However, incomplete reduction of oxygen leads to generation of reactive oxygen species. These oxidants oxidise biological macromolecules present in their vicinity and thereby impair cellular functions causing oxidative stress (OS). Aerobes have evolved both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defences to protect themselves from OS. Although hormones as means of biological coordination involve in regulation of physiological activities of tissues by regulating metabolism, any change in their normal titre leads to pathophysiological states. While, hormones such as melatonin, insulin, oestrogen, progesterone display antioxidant features, thyroid hormone, corticosteroids and catecholamines elicit free radical generation and OS, and the role of testosterone in inducing OS is debateable. This review is an attempt to understand the impact of free radical generation and cross talk between the hormones modulating antioxidant defence system under various pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan B N Chainy
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
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17
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Chen J, Jiang S, Wang J, Renukuntla J, Sirimulla S, Chen J. A comprehensive review of cytochrome P450 2E1 for xenobiotic metabolism. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:178-195. [PMID: 31203697 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1632889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays a vital role in drug-induced hepatotoxicity and cancers (e.g. lung and bladder cancer), since it is responsible for metabolizing a number of medications and environmental toxins to reactive intermediate metabolites. CYP2E1 was recently found to be the highest expressed CYP enzyme in human livers using a proteomics approach, and CYP2E1-related toxicity is strongly associated with its protein level that shows significant inter-individual variability related to ethnicity, age, and sex. Furthermore, the expression of CYP2E1 demonstrates regulation by extensive genetic polymorphism, endogenous hormones, cytokines, xenobiotics, and varying pathological states. Over the past decade, the knowledge of pharmacology, toxicology, and biology about CYP2E1 has grown remarkably, but the research progress has yet to be summarized. This study presents a timely systematic review on CYP2E1's xenobiotic metabolism, genetic polymorphism, and inhibitors, with the focus on their clinical relevance for the efficacy and toxicity of various CYP2E1 substrates. Moreover, several knowledge gaps have been identified towards fully understanding the potential interactions among different CYP2E1 substrates in clinical settings. Through in-depth analyses of these knowns and unknowns, we expect this review will aid in future drug development and improve management of CYP2E1 related clinical toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Sibo Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - Jin Wang
- AbbVie Inc , North Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Jwala Renukuntla
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso , TX , USA
| | - Suman Sirimulla
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso , TX , USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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18
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Reimann B, Janssen BG, Alfano R, Ghantous A, Espín-Pérez A, de Kok TM, Saenen ND, Cox B, Robinson O, Chadeau-Hyam M, Penders J, Herceg Z, Vineis P, Nawrot TS, Plusquin M. The Cord Blood Insulin and Mitochondrial DNA Content Related Methylome. Front Genet 2019; 10:325. [PMID: 31031804 PMCID: PMC6474284 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction seems to play a key role in the etiology of insulin resistance. At birth, a link has already been established between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and insulin levels in cord blood. In this study, we explore shared epigenetic mechanisms of the association between mtDNA content and insulin levels, supporting the developmental origins of this link. First, the association between cord blood insulin and mtDNA content in 882 newborns of the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort was assessed. Cord blood mtDNA content was established via qPCR, while cord blood levels of insulin were determined using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Then the cord blood DNA methylome and transcriptome were determined in 179 newborns, using the human 450K methylation Illumina and Agilent Whole Human Genome 8 × 60 K microarrays, respectively. Subsequently, we performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) adjusted for different maternal and neonatal variables. Afterward, we focused on the 20 strongest associations based on p-values to assign transcriptomic correlates and allocate corresponding pathways employing the R packages ReactomePA and RDAVIDWebService. On the regional level, we examined differential methylation using the DMRcate and Bumphunter packages in R. Cord blood mtDNA content and insulin were significantly correlated (r = 0.074, p = 0.028), still showing a trend after additional adjustment for maternal and neonatal variables (p = 0.062). We found an overlap of 33 pathways which were in common between the association with cord blood mtDNA content and insulin levels, including pathways of neurodevelopment, histone modification, cytochromes P450 (CYP)-metabolism, and biological aging. We further identified a DMR annotated to Repulsive Guidance Molecule BMP Co-Receptor A (RGMA) linked to cord blood insulin as well as mtDNA content. Metabolic variation in early life represented by neonatal insulin levels and mtDNA content might reflect or accommodate alterations in neurodevelopment, histone modification, CYP-metabolism, and aging, indicating etiological origins in epigenetic programming. Variation in metabolic hormones at birth, reflected by molecular changes, might via these alterations predispose children to metabolic diseases later in life. The results of this study may provide important markers for following targeted studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Reimann
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bram G. Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Rossella Alfano
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Akram Ghantous
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Almudena Espín-Pérez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, California, CA, United States
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nelly D. Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bianca Cox
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Oliver Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joris Penders
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, East-Limburg Hospital, Genk, Belgium
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
- School of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Quesnot N, Bucher S, Gade C, Vlach M, Vene E, Valença S, Gicquel T, Holst H, Robin MA, Loyer P. Production of chlorzoxazone glucuronides via cytochrome P4502E1 dependent and independent pathways in human hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3077-3091. [PMID: 30151596 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CYP2E1 activity is measured in vitro and in vivo via hydroxylation of the Chlorzoxazone (CHZ) producing the 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (OH-CHZ) further metabolized as a glucuronide excreted in urine. Thus, the quantification of the OH-CHZ following enzymatic hydrolysis of CHZ-derived glucuronide appears to be a reliable assay to measure the CYP2E1 activity without direct detection of this glucuronide. However, OH-CHZ hydrolyzed from urinary glucuronide accounts for less than 80% of the CHZ administrated dose in humans leading to postulate the production of other unidentified metabolites. Moreover, the Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) involved in the hepatic glucuronidation of OH-CHZ has not yet been identified. In this study, we used recombinant HepG2 cells expressing CYP2E1, metabolically competent HepaRG cells, primary hepatocytes and precision-cut human liver slices to identify metabolites of CHZ (300 μM) by high pressure liquid chromatography-UV and liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Herein, we report the detection of the CHZ-O-glucuronide (CHZ-O-Glc) derived from OH-CHZ in culture media but also in mouse and human urine and we identified a novel CHZ metabolite, the CHZ-N-glucuronide (CHZ-N-Glc), which is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis and produced independently of CHZ hydroxylation by CYP2E1. Moreover, we demonstrate that UGT1A1, 1A6 and 1A9 proteins catalyze the synthesis of CHZ-O-Glc while CHZ-N-Glc is produced by UGT1A9 specifically. Together, we demonstrated that hydrolysis of CHZ-O-Glc is required to reliably quantify CYP2E1 activity because of the rapid transformation of OH-CHZ into CHZ-O-Glc and identified the CHZ-N-Glc produced independently of the CYP2E1 activity. Our results also raise the questions of the contribution of CHZ-N-Glc in the overall CHZ metabolism and of the quantification of CHZ glucuronides in vitro and in vivo for measuring UGT1A activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Quesnot
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, 35000, Rennes, France
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simon Bucher
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Christina Gade
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, 23 Bispebjerg Bakke, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Manuel Vlach
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Elise Vene
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Samuel Valença
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomas Gicquel
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Helle Holst
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, 23 Bispebjerg Bakke, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Marie-Anne Robin
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, 35000, Rennes, France.
- Institut NuMeCan, Inserm U1241, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 35033, Rennes, France.
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20
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Nteeba J, Ganesan S, Madden JA, Dickson MJ, Keating AF. Progressive obesity alters ovarian insulin, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, and chemical metabolism signaling pathways and potentiates ovotoxicity induced by phosphoramide mustard in mice. Biol Reprod 2018; 96:478-490. [PMID: 28203716 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.143818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying obesity-associated reproductive impairment are ill defined. Hyperinsulinemia is a metabolic perturbation often observed in obese subjects. Insulin activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, which regulates ovarian folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and xenobiotic metabolism. The impact of progressive obesity on ovarian genes encoding mRNA involved in insulin-mediated PI3K signaling and xenobiotic biotransformation [insulin receptor (Insr), insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1), 2 (Irs2), and 3 (Irs3); kit ligand (Kitlg), stem cell growth factor receptor (Kit), protein kinase B (AKT) alpha (Akt1), beta (Akt2), forkhead transcription factor (FOXO) subfamily 1 (Foxo1), and subfamily 3 (Foxo3a), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (Ephx1), cytochrome P450 family 2, subfamily E, polypeptide 1 (Cyp2e1), glutathione S-transferase (GST) class Pi (Gstp1) and class mu 1 (Gstm1)] was determined in normal wild-type nonagouti (a/a; lean) and lethal yellow mice (KK.CG-Ay/J; obese) at 6, 12, 18, or 24 weeks of age. At 6 weeks, ovaries from obese mice had increased (P < 0.05) Insr and Irs3 but decreased (P < 0.05) Kitlg, Foxo1, and Cyp2e1 mRNA levels. Interestingly, at 12 weeks, an increase (P < 0.05) in Kitlg and Kit mRNA, pIRS1Ser302, pAKTThr308, EPHX1, and GSTP1 protein level was observed due to obesity, while Cyp2e1 mRNA and protein were reduced. A phosphoramide mustard (PM) challenge increased (P < 0.05) ovarian EPHX1 protein abundance in lean but not obese females. In addition, lung tissue from PM-exposed animals had increased (P < 0.05) EPHX1 protein with no impact of obesity thereon. Taken together, progressive obesity affected ovarian signaling pathways potentially involved in obesity-associated reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Nteeba
- Department of Animal Science, 2356 Kildee Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Shanthi Ganesan
- Department of Animal Science, 2356 Kildee Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jill A Madden
- Department of Animal Science, 2356 Kildee Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Dickson
- Department of Animal Science, 2356 Kildee Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science, 2356 Kildee Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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21
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Hu XF, Zhang Q, Zhang PP, Sun LJ, Liang JC, Morris-Natschke SL, Chen Y, Lee KH. Evaluation of in vitro/in vivo anti-diabetic effects and identification of compounds from Physalis alkekengi. Fitoterapia 2018; 127:129-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Soo JY, Wiese MD, Berry MJ, Morrison JL. Does poor fetal growth influence the extent of fetal exposure to maternal medications? Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Li L, Wang L, Song R, Chen G, Liu Y. Cytochrome P450 2E1 increases the sensitivity of hepatoma cells to vitamin K2. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1832-1838. [PMID: 28339022 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although vitamin K2 (VK2) exhibits inhibitory effects on the viability of hepatoma cells, hepatoma cells are insensitive to VK2. Therefore, this investigation is an attempt to enhance the sensitivity of hepatoma cells to VK2. Our results showed that VK2 acted synergistically with ethanol (EtOH) to inhibit the viability of Smmc-7721 cells, mainly because cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) was activated by EtOH. The synergistic effect of VK2 and EtOH was also observed in QGY-7703 cells, which also express CYP2E1. However, in HepG2 cells, which do not express CYP2E1, the synergistic effect of VK2 and EtOH was not observed. In addition, we demonstrated that CYP2E1 could be induced by VK2 via both post-transcriptional and transcriptional mechanisms. These results suggest that induction of CYP2E1 can enhance the inhibitory effect of VK2 on the viability of hepatoma cells. CYP2E1 may be an attractive target for enhanced antitumor effects of VK2 in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Guangliang Chen
- Institute of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
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Hartman JH, Miller GP, Meyer JN. Toxicological Implications of Mitochondrial Localization of CYP2E1. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:273-289. [PMID: 28989700 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00020k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) metabolizes an extensive array of pollutants, drugs, and other small molecules, often resulting in bioactivation to reactive metabolites. Therefore, it is unsurprising that it has been the subject of decades of research publications and reviews. However, while CYP2E1 has historically been studied in the endoplasmic reticulum (erCYP2E1), active CYP2E1 is also present in mitochondria (mtCYP2E1). Relatively few studies have specifically focused on mtCYP2E1, but there is growing interest in this form of the enzyme as a driver in toxicological mechanisms given its activity and location. Many previous studies have linked total CYP2E1 to conditions that involve mitochondrial dysfunction (fasting, diabetes, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and obesity). Furthermore, a large number of reactive metabolites that are formed by CYP2E1 through metabolism of drugs and pollutants have been demonstrated to cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, there appears to be significant inter-individual variability in targeting to the mitochondria, which could constitute a source of variability in individual response to exposures. This review discusses those outcomes, the biochemical properties and toxicological consequences of mtCYP2E1, and highlights important knowledge gaps and future directions. Overall, we feel that this exciting area of research is rich with new and important questions about the relationship between mtCYP2E1, mitochondrial dysfunction, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grover P Miller
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC
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Hsiao SH, Liao LH, Cheng PN, Wu TJ. Hepatotoxicity Associated with Acarbose Therapy. Ann Pharmacother 2016; 40:151-4. [PMID: 16317107 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1g336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To report a case of acarbose-induced hepatotoxicity and compare other reported cases from the literature. Case Summary: A 57-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus for about 10 years had been treated with insulin glargine 20 units/day since December 19, 2002. Acarbose 100 mg 3-times-daily add-on therapy for inadequate glycemic control was started on June 5, 2003. Six months later, the woman complained of gastrointestinal discomfort; the acarbose dose was decreased to 50 mg 3 times daily thereafter. Laboratory examination later revealed alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 640 U/L (upper reference value 55). To elucidate the possibilities of adverse reactions caused by concurrent use of nutritional supplements and medication, we discontinued propolis extract, Ginkgo biloba, placeta extract, and estrogen. Although no remarkable symptoms were noted thereafter, the abnormal ALT values persisted, and no definite viral or autoimmune etiologies were identified. Acarbose was discontinued in August 2004; aspartate aminotransferase and ALT values returned to normal in October 2004. Discussion: In addition to ruling out other possible etiologic factors, we assessed the probability of acarbose-induced hepatotoxicity by observing the close time relationship between drug administration and the development of signs and symptoms, as well as the close time relationship between drug withdrawal and the normalization of abnormal liver function test values. An objective causality assessment revealed that an adverse drug reaction was probable as determined by both the Naranjo probability scale and the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method score. Conclusions: Although acarbose-induced hepatotoxicity appears to be uncommon, diabetic patients receiving long-term acarbose therapy should be closely monitored for this adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hwa Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Cook GA, Lavrentyev EN, Pham K, Park EA. Streptozotocin diabetes increases mRNA expression of ketogenic enzymes in the rat heart. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:307-312. [PMID: 27845231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy develops in insulin-dependent diabetic patients who have no hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy or vascular disease. Diabetes increases cardiac fatty acid oxidation, but cardiac hypertrophy limits fatty acid oxidation. Here we examined effects of diabetes on gene expression in rat hearts. METHODS We used oligonucleotide microarrays to examine effects of insulindependent diabetes in the rat heart. RTQ PCR confirmed results of microarrays. Specific antibodies were used to examine changes in the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2). RESULTS A surprising result of diabetes was increased mRNA encoding all enzymes of the ketone body synthesis pathway. Increased mRNA expression for these enzymes was confirmed by RTQ PCR. The mRNA encoding HMGCS2, the rate-controlling enzyme, was 27 times greater in diabetic hearts. Total HMGCS2 protein increased 8-fold in diabetic hearts, but no difference was found in HMGCS2 protein in control vs. diabetic liver. CONCLUSIONS Insulin-dependent diabetes induced the enzymes of ketone body synthesis in the heart, including HMGCS2, as well as increasing enzymes of fatty acid oxidation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The mammalian heart does not export ketone bodies to other tissues, but rather is a major consumer of ketone bodies. Induction of HMGCS2, which is normally expressed only in the fetal and newborn heart, may indicate an adaptation by the heart to combat "metabolic inflexibility" by shifting the flux of excess intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA derived from elevated fatty acid oxidation into ketone bodies, liberating free CoA to balance the acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio in favor of increased glucose oxidation through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Cook
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.
| | - Eduard N Lavrentyev
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Kevin Pham
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, United States
| | - Edwards A Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, United States
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Hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:244-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rao PSS, Midde NM, Miller DD, Chauhan S, Kumar A, Kumar S. Diallyl Sulfide: Potential Use in Novel Therapeutic Interventions in Alcohol, Drugs, and Disease Mediated Cellular Toxicity by Targeting Cytochrome P450 2E1. Curr Drug Metab 2016; 16:486-503. [PMID: 26264202 DOI: 10.2174/1389200216666150812123554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diallyl sulfide (DAS) and other organosulfur compounds are chief constituents of garlic. These compounds have many health benefits, as they are very efficient in detoxifying natural agents. Therefore, these compounds may be useful for prevention/treatment of cancers. However, DAS has shown appreciable allergic reactions and toxicity, as they can also affect normal cells. Thus their use as in the prevention and treatment of cancer is limited. DAS is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), which is known to metabolize many xenobiotics including alcohol and analgesic drugs in the liver. CYP2E1-mediated alcohol/drug metabolism produce reactive oxygen species and reactive metabolites, which damage DNA, protein, and lipid membranes, subsequently causing liver damage. Several groups have shown that DAS is not only capable of inhibiting alcohol- and drug-mediated cellular toxicities, but also HIV protein- and diabetes-mediated toxicities by selectively inhibiting CYP2E1 in various cell types. However, due to known DAS toxicities, its use as a treatment modality for alcohol/drug- and HIV/diabetes-mediated toxicity have only limited clinical relevance. Therefore, effort is being made to generate DAS analogs, which are potent and selective inhibitor of CYP2E1 and poor substrate of CYP2E1. This review summarizes current advances in the field of DAS, its anticancer properties, role as a CYP2E1 inhibitor, preventing agent of cellular toxicities from alcohol, analgesic drugs, xenobiotics, as well as, from diseases like HIV and diabetes. Finally, this review also provides insights toward developing novel DAS analogues for chemical intervention of many disease conditions by targeting CYP2E1 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Santosh Kumar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Rm 456, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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29
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Simeonova R, Vitcheva V, Krasteva I, Zdraveva P, Konstantinov S, Ionkova I. Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of saponarin from Gypsophila trichotoma on streptozotocin-induced diabetic normotensive and hypertensive rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:483-90. [PMID: 27064007 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and hypertension are diseases that often coexist, which increases the risk of chronic organ damages and cardiovascular complications. PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of saponarin, isolated from Gypsophila trichotoma Wend, on blood pressure, glycemia, body weight, and liver biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress in diabetic normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg, i.p.). The following biochemical parameters: reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), total cytochrome P450, aniline hydroxylase (AH) activity, as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured in the livers of euthanized rats. RESULTS Saponarin exerted slight antihypertensive activity in non-diabetic SHR, judged by 19% (p<0.05) decrease of the initial blood pressure. However, such effect was not observed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic SHR (SHR-D). Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was evidenced by 78% (p<0.05) and by 171% (p<0.05) increase in blood glucose level in NTR and SHR, respectively. In non-diabetic SHR the initial MDA quantity was by 36% (p<0.05) higher and the initial GSH levels were by 28% (p<0.05) lower in comparison to non-diabetic NTR. Significant decrease in the activities of GPx, GR, and GST was measured in the livers of all diabetic rats. Treatment with saponarin ameliorated the above mentioned liver parameters in both diabetic strains, however its effects were less pronounced in the diabetic SHR group. CONCLUSION Taken together our data indicate that diabetes and hypertension in combination are more difficult to be modulated by saponarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumyana Simeonova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vessela Vitcheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilina Krasteva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Petranka Zdraveva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Spiro Konstantinov
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliana Ionkova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Groll N, Petrikat T, Vetter S, Colnot S, Weiss F, Poetz O, Joos TO, Rothbauer U, Schwarz M, Braeuning A. Coordinate regulation of Cyp2e1 by β-catenin- and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α-dependent signaling. Toxicology 2016; 350-352:40-8. [PMID: 27153753 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Depending on their position within the liver lobule, hepatocytes fulfill different metabolic functions. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 is a drug-metabolizing enzyme which is exclusively expressed in hepatocytes surrounding branches of the hepatic central vein. Previous publications have shown that signaling through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, a major determinant of liver zonation, and the hepatocyte-enriched transcription factor HNF (hepatocyte nuclear factor) 1α participate in the regulation of the gene. This study was aimed to decipher the molecular mechanisms by which the two transcription factors, β-catenin and HNF1α, jointly regulate CYP2E1 at the gene promoter level. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified a conserved Wnt/β-catenin-responsive site (WRE) in the murine Cyp2e1 promoter adjacent to a known HNF1α response element (HNF1-RE). In vitro analyses demonstrated that both, activated β-catenin and HNF1α, are needed for the full response of the promoter. The WRE was dispensable for β-catenin-mediated effects on the Cyp2e1 promoter, while activity of β-catenin was integrated into the promoter response via the HNF1-RE. Physical interaction of β-catenin and HNF1α was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. In conclusion, present data the first time identify and characterize the interplay of HNF1α and β-catenin and elucidate molecular determinants of CYP2E1 expression in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Groll
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Tamara Petrikat
- University of Tübingen, Dept. of Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vetter
- University of Tübingen, Dept. of Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Colnot
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Frederik Weiss
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Poetz
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Thomas O Joos
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarz
- University of Tübingen, Dept. of Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- University of Tübingen, Dept. of Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Miao L, Yao H, Li C, Pu M, Yao X, Yang H, Qi X, Ren J, Wang Y. A dual inhibition: microRNA-552 suppresses both transcription and translation of cytochrome P450 2E1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:650-62. [PMID: 26926595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can direct post-transcriptional or transcriptional gene silencing. Here, we report that miR-552 is in the nucleus and cytosol and inhibits human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. MiR-552 via its non-seed sequence forms hybrids with a loop hairpin of the cruciform structure in CYP2E1 promoter region to inhibit SMARCE1 and RNA polymerase II binding to the promoter and CYP2E1 transcription. Expressing SMARCE1 reverses the inhibitory effects of miR-552 on CYP2E1 mRNA expression. MiR-552 with mutations in non-seed region losses its transcriptional, but retains its post-transcriptional repression to CYP2E1. In contrast, mutation in miR-552 seed sequence suppresses its inhibitory effects on CYP2E1 expression at protein, but not at mRNA, levels. Our results suggest that miR-552 is a miRNA with a dual inhibitory ability at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels leading to an effective inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Miao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hailan Yao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chenggang Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengfan Pu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinming Qi
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jin Ren
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yizheng Wang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
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Gene copy number variation analysis reveals dosage-insensitive expression of CYP2E1. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 16:551-558. [PMID: 26503817 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gene copy number variants (CNVs) of CYP2E1 have been described but not functionally characterized. Here we investigated effects of CNVs on hepatic and lymphoblastoid CYP2E1 expression. Using available single-nuleotide polymorphism microarray data and quantitative PCR, CYP2E1 gene duplication and deletion carriers were identified. CYP2E1 mRNA, protein and enzyme activity (chlorzoxazone-6-hydroxylation) phenotypes of CYP2E1 were not associated with gene copy number. Analysis of gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines in relation to CNV confirmed this finding in an extrahepatic tissue and for other ethnicities. Further analyses identified a linked haplotype cluster with possible influence on gene expression. In summary, our data suggest a homeostatic, gene dosage-insensitive regulation of CYP2E1 expression by unknown gene dosage compensation mechanisms. This is in striking contrast to well-known structural variations of CYP2A6 and CYP2D6 that have a strong impact on expression and activity. These findings are important in the context of pharmacogenetic prediction.
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33
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Harkitis P, Daskalopoulos EP, Malliou F, Lang MA, Marselos M, Fotopoulos A, Albucharali G, Konstandi M. Dopamine D2-Receptor Antagonists Down-Regulate CYP1A1/2 and CYP1B1 in the Rat Liver. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128708. [PMID: 26466350 PMCID: PMC4605514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic systems regulate the release of several hormones including growth hormone (GH), thyroid hormones, insulin, glucocorticoids and prolactin (PRL) that play significant roles in the regulation of various Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. The present study investigated the role of dopamine D2-receptor-linked pathways in the regulation of CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 that belong to a battery of genes controlled by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and play a crucial role in the metabolism and toxicity of numerous environmental toxicants. Inhibition of dopamine D2-receptors with sulpiride (SULP) significantly repressed the constitutive and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B expression in the rat liver. The expression of AhR, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) was suppressed by SULP in B[a]P-treated livers, whereas the AhRR expression was increased by the drug suggesting that the SULP-mediated repression of the CYP1 inducibility is due to inactivation of the AhR regulatory system. At signal transduction level, the D2-mediated down-regulation of constitutive CYP1A1/2 and CYP1B1 expression appears to be mediated by activation of the insulin/PI3K/AKT pathway. PRL-linked pathways exerting a negative control on various CYPs, and inactivation of the glucocorticoid-linked pathways that positively control the AhR-regulated CYP1 genes, may also participate in the SULP-mediated repression of both, the constitutive and induced CYP1 expression. The present findings indicate that drugs acting as D2-dopamine receptor antagonists can modify several hormone systems that regulate the expression of CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, and may affect the toxicity and carcinogenicity outcome of numerous toxicants and pre-carcinogenic substances. Therefore, these drugs could be considered as a part of the strategy to reduce the risk of exposure to environmental pollutants and pre-carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Harkitis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece
| | - E. P. Daskalopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece
| | - F. Malliou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece
| | - M. A. Lang
- University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - M. Marselos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece
| | - A. Fotopoulos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece
| | - G. Albucharali
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece
| | - M. Konstandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Schattenberg JM, Czaja MJ. Regulation of the effects of CYP2E1-induced oxidative stress by JNK signaling. Redox Biol 2014; 3:7-15. [PMID: 25462060 PMCID: PMC4218941 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to cellular oxidative stress that underlies a variety of forms of hepatocyte injury and death including that from alcohol. Although ROS can induce cell damage through direct effects on cellular macromolecules, the injurious effects of ROS are mediated largely through changes in signal transduction pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In response to alcohol, hepatocytes have increased levels of the enzyme cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) which generates an oxidant stress that promotes the development of alcoholic steatosis and liver injury. These effects are mediated in large part through overactivation of JNK that alters cell death pathways. Targeting the JNK pathway or its downstream effectors may be a useful therapeutic approach to the oxidative stress generated by CYP2E1 in alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn M Schattenberg
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark J Czaja
- Department of Medicine and Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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35
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Gerbal-Chaloin S, Dumé AS, Briolotti P, Klieber S, Raulet E, Duret C, Fabre JM, Ramos J, Maurel P, Daujat-Chavanieu M. The WNT/β-catenin pathway is a transcriptional regulator of CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor gene expression in primary human hepatocytes. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:624-34. [PMID: 25228302 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.094797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The wingless-type MMTV integration site family (WNT)/β-catenin/adenomatous polyposis coli (CTNNB1/APC) pathway has been identified as a regulator of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the rodent liver. Conversely, little is known about the role of this pathway in drug metabolism regulation in human liver. Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), which are the most physiologically relevant culture system to study drug metabolism in vitro, were used to investigate this issue. This study assessed the link between cytochrome P450 expression and WNT/β-catenin pathway activity in PHHs by modulating its activity with recombinant mouse Wnt3a (the canonical activator), inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and small-interfering RNA to invalidate CTNNB1 or its repressor APC, used separately or in combination. We found that the WNT/β-catenin pathway can be activated in PHHs, as assessed by universal β-catenin target gene expression, leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5. Moreover, WNT/β-catenin pathway activation induces the expression of CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor, but not of CYP3A4, hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α, or pregnane X receptor (PXR) in PHHs. Specifically, we show for the first time that CYP2E1 is transcriptionally regulated by the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, CYP2E1 induction was accompanied by an increase in its metabolic activity, as indicated by the increased production of 6-OH-chlorzoxazone and by glutathione depletion after incubation with high doses of acetaminophen. In conclusion, the WNT/β-catenin pathway is functional in PHHs, and its induction in PHHs represents a powerful tool to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of drugs that are metabolized by CYP2E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Dumé
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Briolotti
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Klieber
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Edith Raulet
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Duret
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Fabre
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Jeanne Ramos
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Maurel
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Daujat-Chavanieu
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
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Xu D, Li F, Zhang M, Zhang J, Liu C, Hu MY, Zhong ZY, Jia LL, Wang DW, Wu J, Liu L, Liu XD. Decreased exposure of simvastatin and simvastatin acid in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1215-25. [PMID: 25152023 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Simvastatin is frequently administered to diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin and its hydrolysate simvastatin acid in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Diabetes was induced in 4-week-old rats by a treatment of high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin. After the rats received a single dose of simvastatin (20 mg/kg, po, or 2 mg/kg, iv), the plasma concentrations of simvastatin and simvastatin acid were determined. Simvastatin metabolism and cytochrome P4503A (Cyp3a) activity were assessed in hepatic microsomes, and its uptake was studied in freshly isolated hepatocytes. The expression of Cyp3a1, organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (Oatp2), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) in livers was measured using qRT-PCR. RESULTS After oral or intravenous administration, the plasma concentrations and areas under concentrations of simvastatin and simvastatin acid were markedly decreased in diabetic rats. Both simvastatin metabolism and Cyp3a activity were markedly increased in hepatocytes of diabetic rats, accompanied by increased expression of hepatic Cyp3a1 mRNA. Furthermore, the uptake of simvastatin by hepatocytes of diabetic rats was markedly increased, which was associated with increased expression of the influx transporter Oatp2, and decreased expression of the efflux transporters Mrp2 and Bcrp. CONCLUSION Diabetes enhances the metabolism of simvastatin and simvastatin acid in rats via up-regulating hepatic Cyp3a activity and expression and increasing hepatic uptake.
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Konstandi M, Johnson EO, Lang MA. Consequences of psychophysiological stress on cytochrome P450-catalyzed drug metabolism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 45:149-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates the expression of important cytoprotective enzymes. Induction of cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1) is one of the central pathways by which ethanol generates oxidative stress. CYP2E1 can be induced by ethanol and several low molecular weight chemicals such as pyrazole. The chapter discusses biochemical and toxicological effects of CYP2E1 and the effects of Nrf2 in modulating these actions of CYP2E1.Besides ethanol, CYP2E1 metabolizes and activates many other important toxicological compounds. One approach to try to understand basic effects and actions of CYP2E1 was to establish HepG2 cell lines that constitutively express human CYP2E1. Ethanol, polyunsaturated fatty acids and iron were toxic to the HepG2 cells which express CYP2E1 (E47 cells) but not control C34HepG2 cells which do not express CYP2E1.Toxicity was associated with enhanced oxidant stress and could be prevented by antioxidants and potentiated if glutathione (GSH) was removed. The E47 cells had higher GSH levels and a Twofold increase in catalase, cytosolic and microsomal glutathione transferase, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) than control HepG2 cells due to activation of their respective genes. These activations were prevented by antioxidants, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by CYP2E1 were responsible for the up-regulation of these antioxidant genes. This upregulation of antioxidant genes may reflect an adaptive mechanism to remove CYP2E1-derived oxidants. Increases in Nrf2 protein and mRNA were observed in livers of chronic alcohol-fed mice or rats and of pyrazole-treated rats or mice, conditions known to elevate CYP2E1. E47 cells showed increased Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression compared with control HepG2 C34 cells. Upregulation of antioxidant genes in E47 cells is dependent on Nrf2 and is prevented by siRNA-Nrf2. Blocking Nrf2 by siRNA-Nrf2 decreases GSH and increases ROS and lipid peroxidation, resulting in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and loss of cell viability of E47 cells but not C34 cells. Nrf2 is activated and levels of Nrf2 protein and mRNA are increased when CYP2E1 is elevated. These results suggest that Nrf2 plays a key role in the adaptive response against increased oxidative stress caused by CYP2E1 in the HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur I Cederbaum
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, 1603, New York, 10029, NY, USA,
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Lee JK, Chung HJ, Fischer L, Fischer J, Gonzalez FJ, Jeong H. Human placental lactogen induces CYP2E1 expression via PI 3-kinase pathway in female human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:492-9. [PMID: 24408518 PMCID: PMC3965907 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.055384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The state of pregnancy is known to alter hepatic drug metabolism. Hormones that rise during pregnancy are potentially responsible for the changes. Here we report the effects of prolactin (PRL), placental lactogen (PL), and growth hormone variant (GH-v) on expression of major hepatic cytochromes P450 expression and a potential molecular mechanism underlying CYP2E1 induction by PL. In female human hepatocytes, PRL and GH-v showed either no effect or small and variable effects on mRNA expression of CYP1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4, and 3A5. On the other hand, PL increased expression level of CYP2E1 mRNA with corresponding increases in CYP2E1 protein and activity levels. Results from hepatocytes and HepaRG cells indicate that PL does not affect the expression or activity of HNF1α, the known transcriptional activator of basal CYP2E1 expression. Furthermore, transient transfection studies and Western blot results showed that STAT signaling, the previously known mediator of PL actions in certain tissues, does not play a role in CYP2E1 induction by PL. A chemical inhibitor of PI3-kinase signaling significantly repressed the CYP2E1 induction by PL in human hepatocytes, suggesting involvement of PI3-kinase pathway in CYP2E1 regulation by PL. CYP2E1-humanized mice did not exhibit enhanced CYP2E1 expression during pregnancy, potentially because of interspecies differences in PL physiology. Taken together, these results indicate that PL induces CYP2E1 expression via PI3-kinase pathway in human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Lee
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.K.L., H.J.C., L.F., J.F., H.J.); College of Pharmacy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea (H.J.C.); Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (H.J.)
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Hu N, Hu M, Duan R, Liu C, Guo H, Zhang M, Yu Y, Wang X, Liu L, Liu X. Increased Levels of Fatty Acids Contributed to Induction of Hepatic CYP3A4 Activity Induced by Diabetes — In Vitro Evidence From HepG2 Cell and Fa2N-4 Cell Lines. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 124:433-44. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13212fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Wu D, Cederbaum AI. Inhibition of autophagy promotes CYP2E1-dependent toxicity in HepG2 cells via elevated oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction and activation of p38 and JNK MAPK. Redox Biol 2013; 1:552-65. [PMID: 24273738 PMCID: PMC3836279 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been shown to be protective against drug and alcohol-induced liver injury. CYP2E1 plays a role in the toxicity of ethanol, carcinogens and certain drugs. Inhibition of autophagy increased ethanol-toxicity and accumulation of fat in wild type and CYP2E1 knockin mice but not in CYP2E1 knockout mice as well as in HepG2 cells expressing CYP2E1 (E47 cells) but not HepG2 cells lacking CYP2E1 (C34 cells). The goal of the current study was to evaluate whether modulation of autophagy can affect CYP2E1-dependent cytotoxicity in the E47 cells. The agents used to promote CYP2E1 -dependent toxicity were a polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA), buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH, and CCl4, which is metabolized to the CCl3 radical. These three agents produced a decrease in E47 cell viability which was enhanced upon inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or Atg 7 siRNA. Toxicity was lowered by rapamycin which increased autophagy and was much lower to the C34 cells which do not express CYP2E1. Toxicity was mainly necrotic and was associated with an increase in reactive oxygen production and oxidative stress; 3-MA increased while rapamycin blunted the oxidative stress. The enhanced toxicity and ROS formation produced when autophagy was inhibited was prevented by the antioxidant N-Acetyl cysteine. AA, BSO and CCl4 produced mitochondrial dysfunction, lowered cellular ATP levels and elevated mitochondrial production of ROS. This mitochondrial dysfunction was enhanced by inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA but decreased when autophagy was increased by rapamycin. The mitogen activated protein kinases p38 MAPK and JNK were activated by AA especially when autophagy was inhibited and chemical inhibitors of p38 MAPK and JNK lowered the elevated toxicity of AA produced by 3-MA. These results show that autophagy was protective against the toxicity produced by several agents known to be activated by CYP2E1. Since CYP2E1 plays an important role in the toxicity of ethanol, drugs and carcinogens and is activated under various pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes, NASH and obesity, attempts to stimulate autophagy may be beneficial in preventing/lowering CYP2E1/ethanol liver injury.
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Key Words
- 3-MA, 3-methyadenine
- AA, arachidonic acid
- Autophagy
- BSO, L-buthionine sulfoximine
- C34 cells, HepG2 cells which do not express CYP2E1
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- CYP2E1
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P4502E1, E47 cells, HepG2 cells which express CYP2E1
- Cox IV, cytochrome oxidase subunit 4
- Cytotoxicity
- DCFDA, 2′-7′-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- JNK
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide
- Mitochondria dysfunction
- NAC, N-acetyl-cysteine
- P38 MAPK
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Rap, rapamycin
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBARs, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur I. Cederbaum
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1603, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Saravanan G, Ponmurugan P. S-allylcysteine Improves Streptozotocin-Induced Alterations of Blood Glucose, Liver Cytochrome P450 2E1, Plasma Antioxidant System, and Adipocytes Hormones in Diabetic Rats. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 11:e10927. [PMID: 24719626 PMCID: PMC3968993 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.10927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-allylcysteine, a garlic derivative, could have a protective effect against pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVES Sustained free radical generation and oxidative damage to system leads to the final conclusion phase of diabetes and also it coexists with a constant diminution in the antioxidant status.The present study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effects of S-allylcysteine (SAC) against adipocytes hormones and antioxidant defense systems of plasma and erythrocytes of treptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic rats were administered SAC (150 mg/kg b.w) orally for 45 days. At 46(th) day, the rats were anesthetized, and blood and liver sample were collected for analyzing glucose, plasma insulin, CYP2E1 activity, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxide, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, reduced glutathione (GSH), ceruloplasmin, plasma leptin, and adiponectin. RESULTS The levels of glucose, CYP2E1 activity, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxide, and ceruloplasmin were increased significantly; whereas, the levels of plasma insulin, reduced glutathione, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, leptin and adiponectin were decreased in experimental diabetic rats. Administration of SAC to diabetic rats led to a decrease in the levels of glucose, CYP2E1 activity, TBARS, and ceruloplasmin. In addition, the levels of plasma insulin, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants leptin and adiponectin were increased in SAC treated diabetic rats. Gliclazide, a standard drug for diabetes, was used for the comparative purpose. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present investigation suggest that SAC could be used as a food supplement in the treatment of diabetes characterized by provoked antioxidant status, altered blood glucose, and hormones level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological science, K.S.Rangasamy College of Arts and Science, Thokkavadi, Tiruchengode,Tamil Nadu, India
- Corresponding author: Ganapathy Saravanan, Research Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Science, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science, Thokkavadi, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India. Tel: +91-9843954422, E-mail:
| | - Ponnusamy Ponmurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Thokkavadi, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
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Swaminathan K, Kumar SM, Clemens DL, Dey A. Inhibition of CYP2E1 leads to decreased advanced glycated end product formation in high glucose treated ADH and CYP2E1 over-expressing VL-17A cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4407-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Nteeba J, Ross JW, Perfield JW, Keating AF. High fat diet induced obesity alters ovarian phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling gene expression. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 42:68-77. [PMID: 23954404 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin regulates ovarian phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3 K) signaling, important for primordial follicle viability and growth activation. This study investigated diet-induced obesity impacts on: (1) insulin receptor (Insr) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1); (2) PI3K components (Kit ligand (Kitlg), kit (c-Kit), protein kinase B alpha (Akt1) and forkhead transcription factor subfamily 3 (Foxo3a)); (3) xenobiotic biotransformation (microsomal epoxide hydrolase (Ephx1), Cytochrome P450 isoform 2E1 (Cyp2e1), Glutathione S-transferase (Gst) isoforms mu (Gstm) and pi (Gstp)) and (4) microRNA's 184, 205, 103 and 21 gene expression. INSR, GSTM and GSTP protein levels were also measured. Obese mouse ovaries had decreased Irs1, Foxo3a, Cyp2e1, MiR-103, and MiR-21 but increased Kitlg, Akt1, and miR-184 levels relative to lean littermates. These results support that diet-induced obesity potentially impairs ovarian function through aberrant gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nteeba
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Shukla U, Tumma N, Gratsch T, Dombkowski A, Novak RF. Insights into insulin-mediated regulation of CYP2E1: miR-132/-212 targeting of CYP2E1 and role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt (protein kinase B), mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in regulating miR-132/-212 and miR-122/-181a expression in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1769-77. [PMID: 23920219 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.052860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several microRNAs (miRNAs) were selected for characterization of their response to insulin signaling based on in silico predictions of targeting CYP2E1 mRNA and previous reports implicating their role in hepatic metabolism and disease. CYP2E1 expression decreases with increasing insulin concentration and has been shown to be regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. In primary cultured rat hepatocytes, insulin at 0.1, 1.0, and 10 nM elevated miRNA-132 and -212 expression ∼2- and 1.8-fold, respectively, whereas expression of miRNA-181a and -122 increased ∼1.6- and 1.4-fold, respectively. In contrast, insulin failed to alter significantly the expression of miRNA let-7a. Mechanistic studies using inhibitors of PI3-K, Akt, and mTOR were used to examine the role of the insulin signaling pathway on miR expression and resulted in significant suppression of the insulin-mediated elevation of miR-132, miR-212, and miR-122 levels, with a lesser effect observed for miR-181a. Targeting of the rat CYP2E1 3'-untranslated region (UTR) by miR-132 and -212 was demonstrated with an in vitro luciferase reporter assay. These data show that insulin, which regulates CYP2E1 through the PI3-K, Akt, mTOR signaling pathway, also regulates the expression of miRs that target the 3'-UTR of CYP 2E1 mRNA and are involved in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Shukla
- Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan (U.S., N.T., T.G., A.D., R.F.N.); and Shriners Hospitals for Children International, Tampa, Florida (R.F.N.)
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Gandhi A, Moorthy B, Ghose R. Drug disposition in pathophysiological conditions. Curr Drug Metab 2013; 13:1327-44. [PMID: 22746301 DOI: 10.2174/138920012803341302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression and activity of several key drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters are altered in various pathophysiological conditions, leading to altered drug metabolism and disposition. This can have profound impact on the pharmacotherapy of widely used clinically relevant medications in terms of safety and efficacy by causing inter-individual variabilities in drug responses. This review article highlights altered drug disposition in inflammation and infectious diseases, and commonly encountered disorders such as cancer, obesity/diabetes, fatty liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. Many of the clinically relevant drugs have a narrow therapeutic index. Thus any changes in the disposition of these drugs may lead to reduced efficacy and increased toxicity. The implications of changes in DMEs and transporters on the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of clinically-relevant medications are also discussed. Inflammation-mediated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to play a major role in down-regulation of DMEs and transporters. Although the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear, several studies have shown that inflammation-associated cell-signaling pathway and its interaction with basal transcription factors and nuclear receptors in regulation of DMEs and transporters play a significant role in altered drug metabolism. Altered regulation of DMEs and transporters in a multitude of disease states will contribute towards future development of powerful in vitro and in vivo tools in predicting the drug response and opt for better drug design and development. The goal is to facilitate a better understanding of the mechanistic details underlying the regulation of DMEs and transporters in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Gandhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Konstandi M, Cheng J, Gonzalez FJ. Sex steroid hormones regulate constitutive expression of Cyp2e1 in female mouse liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E1118-28. [PMID: 23548611 PMCID: PMC3651618 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00585.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CYP2E1 is of paramount toxicological significance because it metabolically activates a large number of low-molecular-weight toxicants and carcinogens. In this context, factors that interfere with Cyp2e1 regulation may critically affect xenobiotic toxicity and carcinogenicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of female steroid hormones in the regulation of CYP2E1, as estrogens and progesterone are the bases of contraceptives and hormonal replacement therapy in menopausal women. Interestingly, a fluctuation in the hepatic expression pattern of Cyp2e1 was revealed in the different phases of the estrous cycle of female mice, with higher Cyp2e1 expression at estrus (E) and lower at methestrus (ME), highly correlated with that in plasma gonadal hormone levels. Depletion of sex steroids by ovariectomy repressed Cyp2e1 expression to levels similar to those detected in males and cyclic females at ME. Hormonal supplementation brought Cyp2e1 expression back to levels detected at E. The role of progesterone appeared to be more prominent than that of 17β-estradiol. Progesterone-induced Cyp2e1 upregulation could be attributed to inactivation of the insulin/PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 signaling pathway. Tamoxifen, an anti-estrogen, repressed Cyp2e1 expression potentially via activation of the PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 and GH/STAT5b-linked pathways. The sex steroid hormone-related changes in hepatic Cyp2e1 expression were highly correlated with those observed in Hnf-1α, β-catenin, and Srebp-1c. In conclusion, female steroid hormones are clearly involved in the regulation of CYP2E1, thus affecting the metabolism of a plethora of toxicants and carcinogenic agents, conditions that may trigger several pathologies or exacerbate the outcomes of various pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Konstandi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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Leung TM, Nieto N. CYP2E1 and oxidant stress in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2013; 58:395-8. [PMID: 22940046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are clinical conditions leading to hepatocellular injury and inflammation resulting from alcohol consumption, high fat diet, obesity and diabetes, among others. Oxidant stress is a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of ALD and NAFLD. Multiple studies have shown that generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is key for the progression of fatty liver to steatohepatitis. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays a critical role in ROS generation and CYP2E1 is also induced by alcohol itself. This review summarizes the role of CYP2E1 in ALD and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ming Leung
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Dey A. Cytochrome P450 2E1: its clinical aspects and a brief perspective on the current research scenario. Subcell Biochem 2013; 67:1-104. [PMID: 23400917 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5881-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Research on Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism has been very well documented in literature. Besides the involvement of CYP2E1 in alcohol metabolism as illustrated through the studies discussed in the chapter, recent studies have thrown light on several other aspects of CYP2E1 i.e. its extrahepatic expression, its involvement in several diseases and pathophysiological conditions; and CYP2E1 mediated carcinogenesis and modulation of drug efficacy. Studies involving these interesting facets of CYP2E1 have been discussed in the chapter focusing on the recent observations or ongoing studies illustrating the crucial role of CYP2E1 in disease development and drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Dey
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600044, India,
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Wu D, Wang X, Zhou R, Yang L, Cederbaum AI. Alcohol steatosis and cytotoxicity: the role of cytochrome P4502E1 and autophagy. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1346-57. [PMID: 22819980 PMCID: PMC3436962 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to evaluate whether CYP2E1 plays a role in binge-ethanol induced steatosis and if autophagy impacts CYP2E1-mediated hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress and fatty liver formation produced by ethanol. Wild type (WT), CYP2E1 knockin (KI) and CYP2E1 knockout (KO) mice were gavaged with 3g/kg body wt ethanol twice a day for four days. This treatment caused fatty liver, elevation of CYP2E1 and oxidative stress in WT and KI mice but not KO mice. Autophagy was impaired in ethanol-treated KI mice compared to KO mice as reflected by a decline in the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and lower total LC-3 and Beclin-1 levels coupled to increases in P62, pAKT/AKT and mTOR. Inhibition of macroautophagy by administration of 3-methyladenine enhanced the binge ethanol hepatotoxicity, steatosis and oxidant stress in CYP2E1 KI, but not CYP2E1 KO mice. Stimulation of autophagy by rapamycin blunted the elevated steatosis produced by binge ethanol. Treatment of HepG2 E47 cells which express CYP2E1 with 100mM ethanol for 8 days increased fat accumulation and oxidant stress but decreased autophagy. Ethanol had no effect on these reactions in HepG2 C34 cells which do not express CYP2E1. Inhibition of autophagy elevated ethanol toxicity, lipid accumulation and oxidant stress in the E47, but not C34 cells. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, and CYP2E1 inhibitor chlormethiazole blunted these effects of ethanol. These results indicate that CYP2E1 plays an important role in binge ethanol-induced fatty liver. We propose that CYP2E1-derived reactive oxygen species inhibit autophagy, which subsequently causes accumulation of lipid droplets. Inhibition of autophagy promotes binge ethanol induced hepatotoxicity, steatosis and oxidant stress via CYP2E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Richard Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Arthur I. Cederbaum
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
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