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Kim S, Jung YJ, Baik J, Kwon H, Lee J, Kwon JY, Kim YH. Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcome of fetal intracranial hemorrhage: a single-center experience. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2024; 67:393-403. [PMID: 38898776 PMCID: PMC11266850 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.24097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess prenatal ultrasonographic findings and postnatal outcomes in fetuses with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS This retrospective study included fetuses prenatally diagnosed with ICH between December 2012 and August 2023. Maternal characteristics, prenatal ultrasonographic findings, and postnatal outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS Twenty-seven fetuses with ICH were reviewed. Intracranial hemorrhage was classified as grade 3 and 4 in 24 fetuses. Twenty-two fetuses had ICH, four had ICH with subdural hemorrhage, and one had ICH with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Ventriculomegaly was the most common ultrasonographic finding, and was observed in 22 of the 27 (81.5%) fetuses. Seven fetuses were lost to follow-up, and four intrauterine fetal deaths occurred. The remaining 16 fetuses were delivered at a median gestational age of 35+2 weeks. The infants were followed-up for 40.1 months (range, 4-88). Nine of the 16 infants underwent ventriculoperitoneal placement. One infant underwent brain surgery for severe epilepsy. Motor impairment, including cerebral palsy, was observed in 13 infants (81.2%). Neurologic impairment occurred in six infants (37.5%), developmental delay in nine (56.2%), and epilepsy in 11 (68.7%). CONCLUSION Fetal ICH is a rare complication diagnosed during pregnancy, which results in subsequent fetal neurological sequelae or death. This study demonstrated that the common ultrasonographic findings in fetal ICH were progressive ventriculomegaly and increased periventricular echogenicity. Fetuses diagnosed with prenatal ICH, especially those affected by higher-grade ICH, may be at an increased risk of long-term neurodevelopmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhra Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women’s Medical Life Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Ji Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women’s Medical Life Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwon Baik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women’s Medical Life Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hayan Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women’s Medical Life Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JoonHo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women’s Medical Life Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Young Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women’s Medical Life Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Han Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women’s Medical Life Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Eldad K, Ya'ara G, Simon L, Omer BY. The association between fetal intracranial hemorrhages detected on MRI and neurodevelopment. Eur J Radiol 2024; 173:111380. [PMID: 38428252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fetal intracranial hemorrhage is rarely identified in prenatal imaging. When identified, sparse data regarding neurodevelopmental outcomes worsens prenatal dilemmas. This MRI-based study aimed to assess prenatal characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomes of fetal intracranial hemorrhage. METHODS A historical cohort study which identified fetal intracranial hemorrhage in 22 individual fetal MRI scans, as part of the assessment of abnormal prenatal sonographic findings. Severity was graded by the grading system commonly used in neonates, with modifications. Prenatal data was collected. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed clinically by Vineland-II Adaptive Behavior Scales. RESULTS Eight fetuses had intraventricular hemorrhage grade I-II, twelve had intraventricular hemorrhage grade III-IV, and two had infratentorial hemorrhage. The most prevalent risk factors were maternal chronic diseases and chronic use of medications. There was male predominance. Pregnancy was terminated in eleven cases. No surviving child who participated in the Vineland assessment had a grade IV hemorrhage. Vineland scores were normal in 9/11 children and moderately low in 2/11. The mean composite score of the cohort was not different from the mean score expected for age. Clinically, one child had hypotonia. CONCLUSIONS Prognosis for fetuses with ICH without parenchymal involvement is potentially more favorable than expected from the intraventricular hemorrhage grading-scale adopted from the preterm neonates. Parenchymal involvement may predict a worse outcome, but it is not the sole predicting feature. This information may be valuable during prenatal counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katorza Eldad
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Gertner Institute for Epidemiology & Health Policy Research, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Antenatal Diagnostic Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Arrow Program for Medical Research Education, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gutman Ya'ara
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lassman Simon
- Arrow Program for Medical Research Education, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Bar-Yosef Omer
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Vernon LE, Gano D, Pardo AC. Fetal stroke- etiopathogenesis affecting the maternal-placental-fetal triad and neonate. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 29:101527. [PMID: 38679532 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2024.101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Vernon
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dawn Gano
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea C Pardo
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Stróżyk A, Paraskevas T, Romantsik O, Calevo MG, Banzi R, Ley D, Bruschettini M. Pharmacological pain and sedation interventions for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants on assisted ventilation - an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 8:CD012706. [PMID: 37565681 PMCID: PMC10421735 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012706.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germinal matrix hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) may contribute to neonatal morbidity and mortality and result in long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae. Appropriate pain and sedation management in ventilated preterm infants may decrease the risk of GMH-IVH; however, it might be associated with harms. OBJECTIVES To summarize the evidence from systematic reviews regarding the effects and safety of pharmacological interventions related to pain and sedation management in order to prevent GMH-IVH in ventilated preterm infants. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library August 2022 for reviews on pharmacological interventions for pain and sedation management to prevent GMH-IVH in ventilated preterm infants (< 37 weeks' gestation). We included Cochrane Reviews assessing the following interventions administered within the first week of life: benzodiazepines, paracetamol, opioids, ibuprofen, anesthetics, barbiturates, and antiadrenergics. Primary outcomes were any GMH-IVH (aGMH-IVH), severe IVH (sIVH), all-cause neonatal death (ACND), and major neurodevelopmental disability (MND). We assessed the methodological quality of included reviews using the AMSTAR-2 tool. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included seven Cochrane Reviews and one Cochrane Review protocol. The reviews on clonidine and paracetamol did not include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) matching our inclusion criteria. We included 40 RCTs (3791 infants) from reviews on paracetamol for patent ductus arteriosus (3), midazolam (3), phenobarbital (9), opioids (20), and ibuprofen (5). The quality of the included reviews was high. The certainty of the evidence was moderate to very low, because of serious imprecision and study limitations. Germinal matrix hemorrhage-intraventricular hemorrhage (any grade) Compared to placebo or no intervention, the evidence is very uncertain about the effects of paracetamol on aGMH-IVH (risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38 to 2.07; 2 RCTs, 82 infants; very low-certainty evidence); midazolam may result in little to no difference in the incidence of aGMH-IVH (RR 1.68, 95% CI 0.87 to 3.24; 3 RCTs, 122 infants; low-certainty evidence); the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of phenobarbital on aGMH-IVH (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.19; 9 RCTs, 732 infants; very low-certainty evidence); opioids may result in little to no difference in aGMH-IVH (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.12; 7 RCTs, 469 infants; low-certainty evidence); ibuprofen likely results in little to no difference in aGMH-IVH (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.21; 4 RCTs, 759 infants; moderate-certainty evidence). Compared to ibuprofen, the evidence is very uncertain about the effects of paracetamol on aGMH-IVH (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.31 to 4.34; 1 RCT, 30 infants; very low-certainty evidence). Compared to midazolam, morphine may result in a reduction in aGMH-IVH (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.87; 1 RCT, 46 infants; low-certainty evidence). Compared to diamorphine, the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of morphine on aGMH-IVH (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.07; 1 RCT, 88 infants; very low-certainty evidence). Severe intraventricular hemorrhage (grade 3 to 4) Compared to placebo or no intervention, the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of paracetamol on sIVH (RR 1.80, 95% CI 0.43 to 7.49; 2 RCTs, 82 infants; very low-certainty evidence) and of phenobarbital (grade 3 to 4) (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.25; 9 RCTs, 732 infants; very low-certainty evidence); opioids may result in little to no difference in sIVH (grade 3 to 4) (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.34; 6 RCTs, 1299 infants; low-certainty evidence); ibuprofen may result in little to no difference in sIVH (grade 3 to 4) (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.26; 4 RCTs, 747 infants; low-certainty evidence). No studies on midazolam reported this outcome. Compared to ibuprofen, the evidence is very uncertain about the effects of paracetamol on sIVH (RR 2.65, 95% CI 0.12 to 60.21; 1 RCT, 30 infants; very low-certainty evidence). Compared to midazolam, the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of morphine on sIVH (grade 3 to 4) (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.00 to 1.43; 1 RCT, 46 infants; very low-certainty evidence). Compared to fentanyl, the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of morphine on sIVH (grade 3 to 4) (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.95; 1 RCT, 163 infants; very low-certainty evidence). All-cause neonatal death Compared to placebo or no intervention, the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of phenobarbital on ACND (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.72; 3 RCTs, 203 infants; very low-certainty evidence); opioids likely result in little to no difference in ACND (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.55; 5 RCTs, 1189 infants; moderate-certainty evidence); the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of ibuprofen on ACND (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.38 to 2.64; 2 RCTs, 112 infants; very low-certainty evidence). Compared to midazolam, the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of morphine on ACND (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.16; 1 RCT, 46 infants; very low-certainty evidence). Compared to diamorphine, the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of morphine on ACND (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.43 to 3.19; 1 RCT, 88 infants; very low-certainty evidence). Major neurodevelopmental disability Compared to placebo, the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of opioids on MND at 18 to 24 months (RR 2.00, 95% CI 0.39 to 10.29; 1 RCT, 78 infants; very low-certainty evidence) and at five to six years (RR 1.6, 95% CI 0.56 to 4.56; 1 RCT, 95 infants; very low-certainty evidence). No studies on other drugs reported this outcome. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS None of the reported studies had an impact on aGMH-IVH, sIVH, ACND, or MND. The certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Large RCTs of rigorous methodology are needed to achieve an optimal information size to assess the effects of pharmacological interventions for pain and sedation management for the prevention of GMH-IVH and mortality in preterm infants. Studies might compare interventions against either placebo or other drugs. Reporting of the outcome data should include the assessment of GMH-IVH and long-term neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Stróżyk
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Olga Romantsik
- Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Grazia Calevo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Rita Banzi
- Center for Health Regulatory Policies, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - David Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bruschettini
- Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Cochrane Sweden, Department of Research and Education, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Gupta V, Schlatterer SD, Bulas DI, du Plessis AJ, Mulkey SB. Pregnancy and Child Outcomes Following Fetal Intracranial Hemorrhage. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 140:68-75. [PMID: 36696703 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prenatal and early postnatal outcomes of fetal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) prenatally diagnosed by fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have not been well described. METHODS A retrospective study of cases with fetal ICH diagnosed by fetal MRI at Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, from 2012 to 2020 was conducted. Maternal characteristics, prenatal imaging, pregnancy outcome, and child developmental outcomes were recorded. Abnormal outcomes were categorized as mild for required physical/occupational therapy without other delays, moderate for intermediate multidomain developmental delays, and severe if nonambulatory, nonverbal, or intellectual disability. RESULTS Fifty-seven cases with fetal ICH were included. The mean (S.D.) maternal age was 31.1 (6.9) years, gestational age at fetal evaluation was 28.1 (5.3) weeks, and gestational age at birth was 38.2 (1.3) weeks. Pregnancy outcomes were 75% (n = 43) live birth, 14% (n = 8) termination of pregnancy, and 11% (n = 6) intrauterine demise (IUD). Live births decreased from 90% to 33% and IUD increased 10% to 22% when comparing unilateral intraventricular hemorrhage with more extensive hemorrhages. Among the 37 live-born infants with clinical follow-up to age 1.8 (1.6) years, neurodevelopmental outcome was normal in 57%, mildly abnormal in 24%, moderately abnormal in 14%, and severely abnormal in 5%. In five cases, an etiology was identified: two had placental pathologies, two had genetic findings (fetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and COL4A1 mutation), and one had congenital cytomegalovirus infection. CONCLUSION Perinatal and early child outcomes following fetal ICH have a wide spectrum of outcomes. Fetal MRI description of ICH location may aid in pregnancy and postnatal outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda Gupta
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Sarah D Schlatterer
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Dorothy I Bulas
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Adre J du Plessis
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sarah B Mulkey
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
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Romantsik O, Moreira A, Thébaud B, Ådén U, Ley D, Bruschettini M. Stem cell-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of intraventricular haemorrhage and encephalopathy of prematurity in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 2:CD013201. [PMID: 36790019 PMCID: PMC9932000 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013201.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germinal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage (GMH-IVH) and encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) remain substantial issues in neonatal intensive care units worldwide. Current therapies to prevent or treat these conditions are limited. Stem cell-based therapies offer a potential therapeutic approach to repair, restore, or regenerate injured brain tissue. These preclinical findings have now culminated in ongoing human neonatal studies. This is an update of the 2019 review, which did not include EoP. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefits and harms of stem cell-based interventions for prevention or treatment of GM-IVH and EoP in preterm infants. SEARCH METHODS We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search was April 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA We attempted to include randomised controlled trials, quasi-randomised controlled trials, and cluster trials comparing 1. stem cell-based interventions versus control; 2. mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of type or source versus MSCs of other type or source; 3. stem cell-based interventions other than MSCs of type or source versus stem cell-based interventions other than MSCs of other type or source; or 4. MSCs versus stem cell-based interventions other than MSCs. For prevention studies, we included extremely preterm infants (less than 28 weeks' gestation), 24 hours of age or less, without ultrasound diagnosis of GM-IVH or EoP; for treatment studies, we included preterm infants (less than 37 weeks' gestation), of any postnatal age, with ultrasound diagnosis of GM-IVH or with EoP. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were 1. all-cause neonatal mortality, 2. major neurodevelopmental disability, 3. GM-IVH, 4. EoP, and 5. extension of pre-existing non-severe GM-IVH or EoP. We planned to use GRADE to assess certainty of evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS We identified no studies that met our inclusion criteria. Three studies are currently registered and ongoing. Phase 1 trials are described in the 'Excluded studies' section. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS No evidence is currently available to evaluate the benefits and harms of stem cell-based interventions for treatment or prevention of GM-IVH or EoP in preterm infants. We identified three ongoing studies, with a sample size range from 20 to 200. In two studies, autologous cord blood mononuclear cells will be administered to extremely preterm infants via the intravenous route; in one, intracerebroventricular injection of MSCs will be administered to preterm infants up to 34 weeks' gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Romantsik
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alvaro Moreira
- Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ulrika Ådén
- Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bruschettini
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Cochrane Sweden, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Nataraj P, Rajderkar D, de la Cruz D, Weiss MD. Early Term Infant with Prenatal Brain Abnormalities and Decreased Oral Intake. Neoreviews 2022; 23:e856-e860. [PMID: 36450646 DOI: 10.1542/neo.23-12-e856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Kutty RK, Sreemathyamma SB, Sivanandapanicker JL, Asher P, Peethambaran A. Spontaneous Fetal Subdural Hematoma. Neurol India 2022; 70:2249-2253. [PMID: 36352664 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.359288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja K Kutty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Prasanth Asher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anilkumar Peethambaran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Gao B, Zhang L, Wei Q. An unexplained fetal intracranial hemorrhage with extensive and multifocal hemorrhagic lesions: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29335. [PMID: 35758363 PMCID: PMC9276342 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Fetal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is an extremely rare complication of pregnancy, with subsequent neurological sequelae or fetal death. The diagnosis of fetal ICH is primarily based on ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. PATIENT CONCERNS An asymptomatic woman at 31 weeks of gestation was referred for a detailed anomaly scan because routine fetal ultrasonography showed suspected fetal ICH. DIAGNOSES Fetal ICH with extensive and multifocal hemorrhagic lesions was diagnosed by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging imaging and finally confirmed by postmortem examination. INTERVENTIONS The woman opted for pregnancy termination after medical consultation. Labor was induced by mifepristone and rivanol infusion. OUTCOMES The patient delivered a stillborn male infant weighing 1522 g. We tried our best to screen the possible etiology contributing to fetal ICH; unfortunately, no evidence of obvious causes or predisposing factors was identified. LESSONS Medically unexplained massive fetal ICH may cause an unfavorable prognosis, and prompt termination of pregnancy is appropriate, although there is no consensus on the optimal mode of delivery.
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Sileo FG, Zöllner J, D'Antonio F, Islam S, Papageorghiou AT, Khalil A. Perinatal and long-term outcome of fetal intracranial hemorrhage: systematic review and meta-analysis. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2022; 59:585-595. [PMID: 34529308 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Healthcare professionals often find it challenging to counsel parents due to its rarity and diverse presentation. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the perinatal outcome of fetuses with ICH. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov and The Cochrane Library databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting the outcome of fetuses, newborns and infants diagnosed with ICH. The primary outcome was perinatal death (PND), defined as the sum of intrauterine (IUD) and neonatal death (NND). The secondary outcomes were stillbirth, NND, IUD, termination of pregnancy, need for surgery/shunting at birth, cerebral palsy (defined according to the European Cerebral Palsy Network and classified as diplegia, hemiplegia, quadriplegia, dyskinetic or mixed), neurodevelopmental delay and intact survival. All outcomes were explored in the included fetuses with ICH. A subgroup analysis according to the location of the hemorrhage (intra-axial and extra-axial) was also planned. Meta-analysis of proportions was used to combine data, and pooled proportions and their 95% CI were reported. RESULTS Sixteen studies (193 fetuses) were included in the meta-analysis. PND occurred in 14.6% (95% CI, 7.3-24.0%) of fetuses with ICH. Among liveborn cases, 27.6% (95% CI, 12.5-45.9%) required shunt placement or surgery after birth and 32.0% (95% CI, 22.2-42.6%) had cerebral palsy. Furthermore, 16.7% (95% CI, 8.4-27.2%) of cases had mild neurodevelopmental delay, while 31.1% (95% CI, 19.0-44.7%) experienced severe adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Normal neurodevelopmental outcome was reported in 53.6% of fetuses. Subgroup analysis according to the location of ICH showed that PND occurred in 13.3% (95% CI, 5.7-23.4%) of fetuses with intra-axial bleeding and 26.7% (95% CI, 5.3-56.8%) of those with extra-axial bleeding. In fetuses with intra-axial hemorrhage, 25.2% (95% CI, 11.0-42.9%) required shunt placement or surgery after birth and 25.5% (95% CI, 15.3-37.2%) experienced cerebral palsy. In fetuses with intra-axial hemorrhage, mild and severe neurodevelopmental delay was observed in 14.9% (95% CI, 12.0-27.0%) and 32.8% (95% CI, 19.8-47.4%) of cases, respectively, while 53.2% (95% CI, 37.0-69.1%) experienced normal neurodevelopmental outcome. The incidence of mortality and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome in fetuses with extra-axial hemorrhage could not be estimated reliably due to the small number of cases. CONCLUSIONS Fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of ICH are at high risk of perinatal mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Postnatal shunt placement or surgery was required in 28% of cases and cerebral palsy was diagnosed in approximately one-third of infants. Due to the rarity of ICH, multicenter prospective registries are warranted to collect high-quality data. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Sileo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, International Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - J Zöllner
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
| | - F D'Antonio
- Prenatal Medicine Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Islam
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
| | - A T Papageorghiou
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
| | - A Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Twins Trust Centre for Research and Clinical Excellence, St George's Hospital, London, UK
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Epstein KN, Kline-Fath BM, Zhang B, Venkatesan C, Habli M, Dowd D, Nagaraj UD. Prenatal Evaluation of Intracranial Hemorrhage on Fetal MRI: A Retrospective Review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:2222-2228. [PMID: 34711550 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The evaluation and characterization of germinal matrix hemorrhages have been predominantly described on postnatal head sonography in premature neonates. However, germinal matrix hemorrhages that are seen in premature neonates can be also seen in fetuses of the same postconceptual age and are now more frequently encountered in the era of fetal MR imaging. Our aim was to examine and describe the MR imaging findings of fetuses with intracranial hemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of diagnostic-quality fetal MRIs showing intracranial hemorrhage from January 2004 to May 2020 was performed. Images were reviewed by 2 radiologists, and imaging characteristics of fetal intracranial hemorrhages were documented. Corresponding postnatal imaging and clinical parameters were reviewed. RESULTS One hundred seventy-seven fetuses with a mean gestational age of 25.73 (SD, 5.01) weeks were included. Germinal matrix hemorrhage was identified in 60.5% (107/177) and nongerminal matrix hemorrhage in 39.5% (70/177) of patients. Significantly increased ventricular size correlated with higher germinal matrix hemorrhage grade (P < .001). Fetal growth restriction was present in 21.3% (20/94) of our population, and there was no significant correlation with germinal matrix grade or type of intracranial hemorrhage. An increased incidence of neonatal death with grade III germinal matrix hemorrhages (P = .069) compared with other grades was identified; 23.2% (16/69) of the neonates required ventriculoperitoneal shunts, with an increased incidence in the nongerminal matrix hemorrhage group (P = .026). CONCLUSIONS MR imaging has become a key tool in the diagnosis and characterization of intracranial hemorrhage in the fetus. Appropriate characterization is important for optimizing work-up, therapeutic approach, and prenatal counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Epstein
- From the Departments of Radiology and Medical Imaging (K.N.E., B.M.K.-F., U.D.N.) .,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (K.N.E., B.M.K.-F., B.Z., C.V., M.H., D.D., U.D.N.), Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - B M Kline-Fath
- From the Departments of Radiology and Medical Imaging (K.N.E., B.M.K.-F., U.D.N.).,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (K.N.E., B.M.K.-F., B.Z., C.V., M.H., D.D., U.D.N.), Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - B Zhang
- Biostatistics (B.Z.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (K.N.E., B.M.K.-F., B.Z., C.V., M.H., D.D., U.D.N.), Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - C Venkatesan
- Neurology (C.V., D.D.).,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (K.N.E., B.M.K.-F., B.Z., C.V., M.H., D.D., U.D.N.), Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - M Habli
- Maternal Fetal Medicine (M.H.).,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (K.N.E., B.M.K.-F., B.Z., C.V., M.H., D.D., U.D.N.), Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.H.), Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - D Dowd
- Neurology (C.V., D.D.).,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (K.N.E., B.M.K.-F., B.Z., C.V., M.H., D.D., U.D.N.), Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - U D Nagaraj
- From the Departments of Radiology and Medical Imaging (K.N.E., B.M.K.-F., U.D.N.).,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (K.N.E., B.M.K.-F., B.Z., C.V., M.H., D.D., U.D.N.), Cincinnati, Ohio
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12
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Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of foetal intracranial haemorrhage and the correlation with ultrasound findings and postnatal outcomes. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 305:877-884. [PMID: 34459969 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to compare the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) in the middle- and late trimesters and to explore the relationship between the MRI features of foetal ICH and postnatal outcomes. METHODS This was a retrospective study which recruited foetal ICH diagnosed by MRI in one tertiary centre from 2015 to 2019. The prenatal and postnatal medical records were reviewed. RESULTS Of 39 ICH cases, 82.1% (32) had germinal matrix intraventricular haemorrhage (GM-IVH), and 18.9% (7) were diagnosed with non-GM-IVH. The cerebellum, corpus callosum and subdural space were affected in 5, 1 and 1 non-GM-IVH cases, respectively. MRI confirmed possible ICH on sonogram in 10 cases (35.7%) and the remaining 19 added ICH diagnoses that were not obtained on initial ultrasound imaging. Pregnancy outcome data were available in 82.1% of (32) cases, of which 21 were terminated pregnancies, 1 was foetal demise and 10 were delivered. One neonate died after birth and one infant suffered from hearing loss. The remaining eight patients had favourable outcome. CONCLUSION In our study, evaluation of the relationship between MRI findings and outcomes remains challenging, depending on the timing of examination and the hematoma itself. MRI was an adjunct to US in diagnosing ICH in utero which helps to assess postnatal development.
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13
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Genetic Profiling of Idiopathic Antenatal Intracranial Haemorrhage: What We Know? Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040573. [PMID: 33920939 PMCID: PMC8071218 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is reported in premature infants and rarely, in prenatal life. Fetal ICH can be accurately identified in utero and categorized by antenatal sonography and/or MRI. Infectious disease, maternal drug exposure, alloimmune thrombocytopenia, maternal trauma, coagulation disorders and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome can cause fetal ICH. However, in many cases, the cause is not identified and a genetic disorder should be taken into consideration. We conducted a review of the literature to investigate what we know about genetic origins of fetal ICH. We conducted targeted research on the databases PubMed and EMBASE, ranging from 1980 to 2020. We found 311 studies and 290 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, and finally, 21 articles were considered relevant for this review. Hemostatic, protrombotic, collagen and X-linked GATA 1 genes were reported in the literature as causes of fetal ICH. In cases of ICH classified as idiopathic, possible underlying genetic causes should be accounted for and investigated. The identification of ICH genetic causes can guide the counselling process with respect to the recurrence risk, in addition to producing relevant clinical data to the neonatologist for the optimal management and prompt treatment of the newborn.
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14
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Hausman-Kedem M, Malinger G, Modai S, Kushner SA, Shiran SI, Ben-Sira L, Roth J, Constantini S, Fattal-Valevski A, Ben-Shachar S. Monogenic Causes of Apparently Idiopathic Perinatal Intracranial Hemorrhage. Ann Neurol 2021; 89:813-822. [PMID: 33527515 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perinatal intracranial hemorrhage (pICH) is a rare event that occurs during the fetal/neonatal period with potentially devastating neurological outcome. However, the etiology of pICH is frequently hard to depict. We investigated the role of rare genetic variations in unexplained cases of pICH. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in fetuses and term neonates with otherwise unexplained pICH and their parents. Variant causality was determined according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria, consistency between suggested genes and phenotypes, and mode of inheritance. RESULTS Twenty-six probands (25 families) were included in the study (9 with a prenatal diagnosis and 17 with a postnatal diagnosis). Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was the most common type of hemorrhage (n = 16, 62%), followed by subpial (n = 4, 15%), subdural (n = 4, 15%), and parenchymal (n = 2, 8%) hemorrhage. Causative/likely causative variants were found in 4 subjects from 3 of the 25 families (12%) involving genes related to the brain microenvironment (COL4A1, COL4A2, and TREX-1). Additionally, potentially causative variants were detected in genes related to coagulation (GP1BA, F11, Von Willebrand factor [VWF], FGA, and F7; n = 4, 16%). A potential candidate gene for phenotypic expansion related to microtubular function (DNAH5) was identified in 1 case (4%). Fifty-five percent of the variants were inherited from an asymptomatic parent. Overall, these findings showed a monogenic cause for pICH in 12% to 32% of the families. INTERPRETATION Our findings reveal a clinically significant diagnostic yield of WES in apparently idiopathic pICH and support the use of WES in the evaluation of these cases. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:813-822.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Hausman-Kedem
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faulty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gustavo Malinger
- Sackler Faulty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shelly I Shiran
- Sackler Faulty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Radiology Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Ben-Sira
- Sackler Faulty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Radiology Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan Roth
- Sackler Faulty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Neurosurgery Department, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomi Constantini
- Sackler Faulty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Neurosurgery Department, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviva Fattal-Valevski
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faulty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shay Ben-Shachar
- Sackler Faulty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Clalit Research Institute, Ramat Gan, Israel
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15
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Dunbar MJ, Woodward K, Leijser LM, Kirton A. Antenatal diagnosis of fetal intraventricular hemorrhage: systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:144-155. [PMID: 33094492 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine how the severity of antenatally diagnosed germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) relates to morbidity and mortality, and to explore potential risk factors. METHOD We conducted a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of antenatally diagnosed fetal GMH-IVH. The primary outcomes were mortality and morbidity. Potential associations with clinical factors during pregnancy were explored. Analysis employed Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. RESULTS We included 240 cases from 80 studies. Presence of venous infarction was associated with mortality (odds ratio [OR] 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-13.25), motor impairment (OR 103.2, 95% CI 8.6-1238), epilepsy (OR 6.46, 95% CI 2.64-16.06), and developmental delay (OR 8.55, 95% CI 2.12-48.79). Shunt placement was associated with gestational age at GMH-IVH diagnosis and in utero progression. Many cases had uncomplicated pregnancies but possible co-occurring conditions included twin gestation, small for gestational age, and congenital anomalies. INTERPRETATION Severity of fetal GMH-IVH, specifically venous infarction, is associated with overall mortality and morbidity. Risk factors for fetal GMH-IVH are poorly understood and controlled studies are required. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Preterm germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) grading can be applied to fetuses. Many fetal germinal matrix hemorrhages occur in otherwise typical pregnancies. Half of fetuses with post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation receive a shunt after delivery. Fetuses with grade I or II GMH-IVH have few sequelae. Fetuses with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction have a high burden of motor impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Dunbar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clinician Investigator Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristine Woodward
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lara M Leijser
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adam Kirton
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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16
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Bouw MC, Nij Bijvank SWA, Bouwhuis JW, van Wezel-Meijler G. Fetal Intraventricular Hemorrhage Due to Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Case Report. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:622597. [PMID: 33614545 PMCID: PMC7894573 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.622597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome (OAPS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by certain pregnancy complications in association with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. These antibodies are generally known for their prothrombotic characteristics and may affect mother and fetus during the entire pregnancy. The clinical criteria for OAPS, including recurrent fetal loss, intra-uterine growth restriction and premature birth due to severe preeclampsia, all suggest uteroplacental vascular insufficiency. Although rare, thrombotic complications have been described in neonates born to mothers with OAPS, mainly ischemic stroke. We report on the first case of extensive fetal intraventricular hemorrhage related to OAPS. We share our diagnostic search and analysis for this unusual antenatal event, including cranial ultrasound findings and postmortem MRI images. We will also present a short review of the etiology and prognosis of antenatal intraventricular hemorrhage. We suggest that women with severe or early preeclampsia and/or a history of pregnancy loss should be evaluated for OAPS and carefully monitored throughout pregnancy. Further, we advise to test mothers for OAPS in the case of idiopathic fetal hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bouw
- Department of Neonatology, Isala Women and Children's Hospital, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - S W A Nij Bijvank
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Isala Women and Children's Hospital, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - J W Bouwhuis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - G van Wezel-Meijler
- Department of Neonatology, Isala Women and Children's Hospital, Zwolle, Netherlands
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17
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Qi W, Luo JY, Li ZL, Zhang QJ, Liu ZD, Liao QP, Han Q, Yan JY. Clinical analysis of eight cases of fetal intracranial hemorrhage in pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:2609-2615. [PMID: 31588836 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1670791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of fetal intracranial hemorrhage in pregnancy and to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of eight cases of fetal intracranial hemorrhage in our hospital from 2014 to 2017, including the clinical manifestations, etiology, imaging features, treatment and prognosis. RESULTS All the cases were diagnosed by prenatal color ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); one of the cases had decreased fetal movements and abnormal fetal heart rate monitoring, and the remaining seven cases had no special clinical symptoms. No clear cause was found in all the cases. Two patients with grade I fetal intracranial hemorrhage and 1 patient with grade II had a cesarean delivery, and no neurological sequelae were found in these neonates after 6 months of follow-up. There was one patient with grade III and four patients with grade IV fetal intracranial hemorrhage; one of the patients with grade IV was stillborn at the time of the discovery, and cesarean section was selected due to scarring of the uterus; intra-amniotic injection of ethacridine lactate was selected to induce labor in three cases, and vaginal delivery was selected; one of the patients with grade IV chose vaginal delivery, and the neonatal cranial brain magnetic resonance imaging after delivery showed no increase in intracranial lesions but showed incomplete development of the remaining nervous system. CONCLUSION Fetal intracranial hemorrhage can be diagnosed by prenatal color ultrasound and MRI, yet it is often impossible to determine the cause. The prognosis of fetal intracranial hemorrhage is related to grade, and the prognosis of cerebral hemorrhage in patients with grades III-IV is poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Jin-Ying Luo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Ze-Long Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Qin-Jian Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Zhao-Dong Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Liao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Qing Han
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Jian-Ying Yan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
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18
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Romantsik O, Bruschettini M, Moreira A, Thébaud B, Ley D. Stem cell-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of germinal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 9:CD013201. [PMID: 31549743 PMCID: PMC6757514 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013201.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germinal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage (GMH-IVH) remains a substantial issue in neonatal intensive care units worldwide. Current therapies to prevent or treat GMH-IVH are limited. Stem cell-based therapies offer a potential therapeutic approach to repair, restore, and/or regenerate injured brain tissue. These preclinical findings have now culminated in ongoing human neonatal studies. OBJECTIVES To determine the benefits and harms of stem cell-based interventions for prevention or treatment of germinal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage (GM-IVH) in preterm infants. SEARCH METHODS We used the standard search strategy of Cochrane Neonatal to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2019, Issue 1), in the Cochrane Library; MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to 7 January 2019); Embase (1980 to 7 January 2019); and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (1982 to 7 January 2019). We also searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We attempted to identify randomised controlled trials, quasi-randomised controlled trials, and cluster trials comparing (1) stem cell-based interventions versus control; (2) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of type or source versus MSCs of other type or source; (3) stem cell-based interventions other than MSCs of type or source versus stem cell-based interventions other than MSCs of other type or source; or (4) MSCs versus stem cell-based interventions other than MSCs. For prevention studies, we included extremely preterm infants (less than 28 weeks' gestation), 24 hours of age or less, without ultrasound diagnosis of GM-IVH; for treatment studies, we included preterm infants (less than 37 weeks' gestation), of any postnatal age, with ultrasound diagnosis of GM-IVH. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS For each of the included trials, two review authors independently planned to extract data (e.g. number of participants, birth weight, gestational age, type and source of MSCs, other stem cell-based interventions) and assess the risk of bias (e.g. adequacy of randomisation, blinding, completeness of follow-up). Primary outcomes considered in this review are all-cause neonatal mortality, major neurodevelopmental disability, GM-IVH, and extension of pre-existing non-severe GM-IVH. We planned to use the GRADE approach to assess the quality of evidence. MAIN RESULTS Our search strategy yielded 769 references. We did not find any completed studies for inclusion. One randomised controlled trial is currently registered and ongoing. Five phase 1 trials are described in the excluded studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Currently no evidence is available to show the benefits or harms of stem cell-based interventions for treatment or prevention of GM-IVH in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Romantsik
- Lund University, Skåne University HospitalDepartment of Clinical Sciences Lund, PaediatricsLundSweden
| | - Matteo Bruschettini
- Lund University, Skåne University HospitalDepartment of Clinical Sciences Lund, PaediatricsLundSweden
- Skåne University HospitalCochrane SwedenWigerthuset, Remissgatan 4, first floorroom 11‐221LundSweden22185
| | - Alvaro Moreira
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioPediatrics, Division of NeonatologySan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Children's Hospital of Eastern OntarioDepartment of PediatricsOttawaONCanada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell ResearchOttawaCanada
- University of OttawaDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineOttawaCanada
| | - David Ley
- Lund University, Skane University HospitalDepartment of Clinical Sciences Lund, PaediatricsLundSweden
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19
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Cheung KW, Tan LN, Seto MTY, Moholkar S, Masson G, Kilby MD. Prenatal Diagnosis, Management, and Outcome of Fetal Subdural Haematoma: A Case Report and Systematic Review. Fetal Diagn Ther 2019; 46:285-295. [PMID: 30861511 DOI: 10.1159/000496202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal subdural haematoma (SDH) is associated with poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE The conflicting evidence from the literature presents a challenge in prenatal counselling. We present a case study and systematic review of the literature for the management and outcome of fetal SDH. METHODS Systematic search of electronic database. RESULTS A total 45 cases were extracted from 39 papers. Prenatal ultrasonographic features were intracranial echogenicity (42%), lateral ventriculomegaly (38%), presence of an intracranial mass (31%), macrocephaly (24%), midline deviation of cerebral falx (20%), and intracranial fluid collection (11%). Further secondary features were noted including reversed diastolic flow in the middle cerebral artery (11%), echogenic bowel (4%), hydrops fetalis (2%), and elevated middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (2%) (all highly likely to be associated with fetal anaemia). The rates of termination of pregnancy, stillbirth, and neonatal death were 18% (8/45), 16% (7/45), and 11% (5/45), respectively. Overall, therefore, the fetal and perinatal mortality was 32% (12/37). Amongst the 24 survivors with available neurological outcome, 42% (10/24) and 58% (14/24) had abnormal and normal neurological outcome, respectively. Underlying aetiology of fetal SDH was not identified in 47% (21/45). Fetal SDH with an identifiable underlying aetiology was the only factor associated with a higher chance of normal neurological outcome when compared to fetal SDH without a detectable cause (78.5 vs. 21.4%, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Stillbirth and neonatal death occurred in a significant proportion of fetal SDH. 58% of survivors had normal neurological outcome, and better prognosis was seen in SDH with identifiable underlying aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Wang Cheung
- The Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,
| | - Lee Na Tan
- The Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Mimi Tin Yan Seto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shruti Moholkar
- Department of Radiology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Geraldine Masson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Kilby
- The Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,The Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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20
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Whiting SE, Carson AM, Clark GD, Schwartz DD. Case report of prenatal bilateral cerebellar infarction: implications for social-behavioral functioning. Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 33:890-904. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1563631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Whiting
- Psychology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Audrey M. Carson
- Psychology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gary D. Clark
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David D. Schwartz
- Psychology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Romantsik O, Bruschettini M, Moreira A, Thébaud B, Ley D. Stem cell-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of germinal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants. Hippokratia 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Romantsik
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Department of Paediatrics; Lund Sweden
| | - Matteo Bruschettini
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Department of Paediatrics; Lund Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital; Cochrane Sweden; Wigerthuset, Remissgatan 4, first floor room 11-221 Lund Sweden 22185
| | - Alvaro Moreira
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Pediatrics; Ottawa ON Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research; Ottawa Canada
- University of Ottawa; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Ottawa Canada
| | - David Ley
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Department of Paediatrics; Lund Sweden
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Kirkham FJ, Zafeiriou D, Howe D, Czarpran P, Harris A, Gunny R, Vollmer B. Fetal stroke and cerebrovascular disease: Advances in understanding from lenticulostriate and venous imaging, alloimmune thrombocytopaenia and monochorionic twins. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:989-1005. [PMID: 30467085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fetal stroke is an important cause of cerebral palsy but is difficult to diagnose unless imaging is undertaken in pregnancies at risk because of known maternal or fetal disorders. Fetal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging may show haemorrhage or ischaemic lesions including multicystic encephalomalacia and focal porencephaly. Serial imaging has shown the development of malformations including schizencephaly and polymicrogyra after ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Recognised causes of haemorrhagic fetal stroke include alloimmune and autoimmune thrombocytopaenia, maternal and fetal clotting disorders and trauma but these are relatively rare. It is likely that a significant proportion of periventricular and intraventricular haemorrhages are of venous origin. Recent evidence highlights the importance of arterial endothelial dysfunction, rather than thrombocytopaenia, in the intraparenchymal haemorrhage of alloimmune thrombocytopaenia. In the context of placental anastomoses, monochorionic diamniotic twins are at risk of twin twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), or partial forms including Twin Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios Sequence (TOPS), differences in estimated weight (selective Intrauterine growth Retardation; sIUGR), or in fetal haemoglobin (Twin Anaemia Polycythaemia Sequence; TAPS). There is a very wide range of ischaemic and haemorrhagic injury in a focal as well as a global distribution. Acute twin twin transfusion may account for intraventricular haemorrhage in recipients and periventricular leukomalacia in donors but there are additional risk factors for focal embolism and cerebrovascular disease. The recipient has circulatory overload, with effects on systemic and pulmonary circulations which probably lead to systemic and pulmonary hypertension and even right ventricular outflow tract obstruction as well as the polycythaemia which is a risk factor for thrombosis and vasculopathy. The donor is hypovolaemic and has a reticulocytosis in response to the anaemia while maternal hypertension and diabetes may influence stroke risk. Understanding of the mechanisms, including the role of vasculopathy, in well studied conditions such as alloimmune thrombocytopaenia and monochorionic diamniotic twinning may lead to reduction of the burden of antenatally sustained cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenella J Kirkham
- Developmental Neurosciences Section and Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Departments of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Dimitrios Zafeiriou
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, "Hippokratio' General Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - David Howe
- Departments of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa Czarpran
- Departments of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Harris
- Departments of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Roxanna Gunny
- Developmental Neurosciences Section and Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology, St George's hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte Vollmer
- Departments of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
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Delayed Appearance of a Traumatic Fetal Intracranial Hemorrhage. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2018; 2018:1465034. [PMID: 29682374 PMCID: PMC5848104 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1465034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fetal intracranial injury is a potentially devastating sequelae of maternal trauma, but there is little guidance regarding fetal evaluation in this setting. Case A 23-year-old woman at 27-week gestation was admitted after a high-speed motor vehicle accident. The initial obstetrical ultrasound was unremarkable, but persistently minimal fetal heart rate variability was observed. Ultrasound on day 3 after the accident showed an intracranial hyperechogenic lesion and subdural fluid collection. The neonate, following an uneventful birth at 39 weeks, had seizures and abnormal muscle tone. MRI was consistent with in utero intracranial hemorrhage. Conclusion Serial fetal imaging following maternal trauma, particularly when accompanied by abnormal fetal heart rate tracings, should be considered when fetal injury is a concern, even in the setting of a normal initial ultrasound.
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Adiego B, Martínez-Ten P, Bermejo C, Estévez M, Recio Rodriguez M, Illescas T. Fetal intracranial hemorrhage. Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 32:21-30. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1369521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Adiego
- Delta Ultrasound Diagnostic Center in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Martínez-Ten
- Delta Ultrasound Diagnostic Center in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmina Bermejo
- Delta Ultrasound Diagnostic Center in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Estévez
- Delta Ultrasound Diagnostic Center in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tamara Illescas
- Delta Ultrasound Diagnostic Center in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Sanapo L, Whitehead MT, Bulas DI, Ahmadzia HK, Pesacreta L, Chang T, du Plessis A. Fetal intracranial hemorrhage: role of fetal MRI. Prenat Diagn 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.5096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanapo
- Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine; Children's National Health System; Washington DC USA
| | - Matthew T. Whitehead
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology; Children's National Health System; Washington DC USA
| | - Dorothy I. Bulas
- Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine; Children's National Health System; Washington DC USA
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology; Children's National Health System; Washington DC USA
| | - Homa K. Ahmadzia
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science; Washington DC USA
| | - Lindsay Pesacreta
- Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine; Children's National Health System; Washington DC USA
| | - Taeun Chang
- Division of Neurology; Children's National Health System; Washington DC USA
| | - Adre du Plessis
- Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine; Children's National Health System; Washington DC USA
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26
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Romantsik O, Bruschettini M, Calevo MG, Banzi R, Ley D. Pharmacological pain and sedation interventions for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants on assisted ventilation - an overview of systematic reviews. Hippokratia 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Romantsik
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Department of Paediatrics; Lund Sweden
| | - Matteo Bruschettini
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Department of Paediatrics; Lund Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital; Research & Development, Section for HTA Analysis; Wigerthuset, Remissgatan 4, first floor room 11-221 Lund Sweden 22185
| | - Maria Grazia Calevo
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Committees Unit; Genoa Italy 16147
| | - Rita Banzi
- IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research; Laboratory of Regulatory Policies; via G La Masa 19 Milan Italy 20156
| | - David Ley
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Department of Paediatrics; Lund Sweden
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27
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Joseph JR, Smith BW, Garton HJL. Blunt prenatal trauma resulting in fetal epidural or subdural hematoma: case report and systematic review of the literature. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2017; 19:32-37. [PMID: 27739945 DOI: 10.3171/2016.7.peds16282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Blunt prenatal trauma is known to have consequences to the developing brain, and can result in subdural hematoma (SDH) or epidural hematoma (EDH). The authors present a case of blunt prenatal trauma resulting in a fetal SDH, intraparenchymal hematoma, and intraventricular hemorrhage, and perform a systematic review of the literature. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Relevant studies (up to April 2016) that reported on cases of fetal SDH or EDH after blunt prenatal trauma were identified from the PubMed database. The primary outcome was fetal mortality, and the secondary outcome was neurological outcome. Fourteen studies were included in the analysis, comprising a total of 14 patients including the present case. The average gestational age at discovery of hemorrhage was 30.1 weeks. Nine mothers were in a motor vehicle collision and 3 were assaulted; the mechanism of injury for 2 mothers was not defined. Twelve patients had SDH, 1 had EDH, and 1 had conflicting reports. Three patients had intrauterine fetal demise, and 3 died in the neonatal period after birth. Three patients had persistent neurological deficit, and 5 were neurologically intact. Fetal SDH or EDH after blunt trauma to the mother trauma is rare and is associated with mortality. However, a significant number of patients can have good neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Joseph
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brandon W Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hugh J L Garton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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28
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Putbrese B, Kennedy A. Findings and differential diagnosis of fetal intracranial haemorrhage and fetal ischaemic brain injury: what is the role of fetal MRI? Br J Radiol 2016; 90:20160253. [PMID: 27734711 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventriculomegaly (VM) is a non-specific finding on fetal imaging. Identification of the specific aetiology is important, as it affects prognosis and may even change the course of current or future pregnancies. In this review, we will focus on the application of fetal MRI to demonstrate intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic brain injury as opposed to other causes of VM. MRI is able to identify the specific aetiology of VM with much more sensitivity and specificity than ultrasound and should be considered whenever VM is identified on obstetric ultrasound. Advances in both fetal and neonatal MRI have the potential to shed further light on mechanisms of brain injury and the impact of chronic hypoxia; such information may guide future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn Putbrese
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anne Kennedy
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Abdelkader MA, Ramadan W, Gabr AA, Kamel A, Abdelrahman RW. Fetal intracranial hemorrhage: sonographic criteria and merits of prenatal diagnosis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:2250-2256. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1245283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wafaa Ramadan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt and
| | - Amir A. Gabr
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt and
| | - Ahmed Kamel
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt and
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30
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Dong Y, Kimura Y, Ito T, Velayo C, Sato T, Sugibayashi R, Funamoto K, Hitomi K, Iida K, Endo M, Sato N, Yaegashi N. Vaginal LPS changed gene transcriptional regulation response to ischemic reperfusion and increased vulnerability of fetal brain hemorrhage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:228-33. [PMID: 26523514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, both ischemic reperfusion and bacterial agent LPS are known risk factors for fetal brain damage. However, there is a lack of evidence to explain whether vaginal LPS affects the fetus response to ischemic reperfusion. Here we reported that there was more than 2 folds higher vulnerability of fetal brain hemorrhage response to ischemic reperfusion when mother mouse was treated with vaginal LPS. As our previously reported, ischemic reperfusion induces P53-dependent fetal brain damage was based on a molecular mechanism: the transcriptional pattern was changed from HIF-1alpha-dependent to P53-dependent immediately. In the present work, only with vaginal LPS precondition, phosphorylation of activated transcriptional factor (ATF) 2 at Thr71 appeared in response to ischemic reperfusion. Moreover, this phosphorylation was completely blocked by pre-treatment with a P53 inhibitor, pifithrin-α. We concluded that vaginal LPS precondition trigged the p53-dependent phosphorylation of ATF2 in response to ischemic reperfusion, which played an important role of increasing vulnerability to hemorrhage in fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Dong
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Kimura
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Ito
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Clarissa Velayo
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sato
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rika Sugibayashi
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Funamoto
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kudo Hitomi
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keita Iida
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miyuki Endo
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoaki Sato
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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Hayashi M, Poretti A, Gorra M, Farzin A, Graham EM, Huisman TAGM, Northington FJ. Prenatal cerebellar hemorrhage: fetal and postnatal neuroimaging findings and postnatal outcome. Pediatr Neurol 2015; 52:529-34. [PMID: 25724371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant progress in fetal neuroimaging techniques, only a few well-documented examples of prenatal cerebellar hemorrhages are available in the literature. In the majority of these individuals, the diagnosis of prenatal cerebellar hemorrhages led to termination of pregnancy or death occurred in utero; data about postnatal outcome of children with prenatal diagnosis of cerebellar hemorrhages are scant. We describe fetal and postnatal neuroimaging findings and the neurodevelopmental outcome of a child with a large cerebellar hemorrhage that occurred at approximately 27 weeks' gestation. METHOD Data about neurological features and neurodevelopmental outcome were collected from the clinical history and follow-up examination. All pre- and postnatal MRI data were qualitatively evaluated for infra- and supratentorial abnormalities. RESULTS Fetal MRI at 27 weeks' gestation showed a T1-hyperintense and T2-hypointense lesion within the cerebellum suggestive of bilateral cerebellar hemorrhages with extension into the adjacent subarachnoid, subdural, and intraventricular spaces. The prenatal cerebellar hemorrhage was possibly related to maternal sepsis. Postnatal MRI showed encephalomalacic changes involving the vermis and both cerebellar hemispheres. Neurodevelopmental follow-up at 15 months of age was concerning for global developmental delay and significant right esotropia. CONCLUSION This child illustrates (1) the role of prenatal neuroimaging in the diagnosis of fetal cerebellar hemorrhages, (2) the significance of cerebellar involvement for neurodevelopment, and (3) the importance of the collection of postnatal outcome data in children with prenatal diagnosis of cerebellar hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Hayashi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Neuro Intensive Care Nursery Group, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrea Poretti
- Neuro Intensive Care Nursery Group, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Azadeh Farzin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Neuro Intensive Care Nursery Group, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ernest M Graham
- Neuro Intensive Care Nursery Group, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Neuro Intensive Care Nursery Group, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Frances J Northington
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Neuro Intensive Care Nursery Group, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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32
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Kutuk MS, Balta B, Kodera H, Matsumoto N, Saitsu H, Doganay S, Canpolat M, Dolanbay M, Unal E, Dundar M. Is there relation between COL4A1/A2 mutations and antenatally detected fetal intraventricular hemorrhage? Childs Nerv Syst 2014; 30:419-24. [PMID: 24317722 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-013-2338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of COL4A1/A2 mutations in the etiology of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) detected in-utero. METHODS The data of four cases with fetal IVH were analyzed retrospectively. Antenatal risk factors, clinical features, postnatal outcome, and the presence of COL4A1/A2 mutations were evaluated. RESULTS Eight cases of fetal IVH were diagnosed between 2005 and 2012 in Erciyes University. Of these, four were eligible for genetic analysis. Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30 weeks 5 day (min-max: 28-34 weeks); two cases had grade III hemorrhage and two cases had grade IV hemorrhage according to fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Three cases had severe neurodevelopmental delay and one case had mild deficit. In all cases, postnatal evaluation revealed no underlying cause, and no retinal hemorrhagia and hematuria were detected. The mean postnatal follow-up was 19 months, and no recurrent hemorrhages and porencephalic cyst formation were observed. The whole exome sequencing showed no pathological mutations of COL4A1 and COL4A2 in the four patients. CONCLUSION Our data showed that fetal intraventricular hemorrhage is not associated with COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations in the absence of porencephaly, recurrent hemorrhage, and other organ bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Serdar Kutuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Gevher Nesibe Hospital, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey,
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Kutuk MS, Yikilmaz A, Ozgun MT, Dolanbay M, Canpolat M, Uludag S, Uysal G, Tas M, Musa K. Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcome of fetal intracranial hemorrhage. Childs Nerv Syst 2014; 30:411-8. [PMID: 23907139 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-013-2243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to present our experience with six cases of fetal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in terms of prenatal diagnostic features, and postnatal outcome. METHODS The database of prenatal diagnosis unit was searched for antenatally diagnosed ICH cases. Maternal characteristics, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, clinical course, and postnatal outcome were noted. RESULTS We evaluated six consecutive cases of fetal ICH. One case was terminated at 24 weeks, and remaining five cases were delivered between 34 and 38 weeks. Five cases (5/6) had intraventricular, and one (1/6) had intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Hemorrhages were right sided in five cases (5/6), left sided in one case (1/6). Dilated and echogenic ventricular wall were the common US findings. No predisposing factor was detected in four of the cases, and intrauterine growth restriction was an underlying factor in two fetuses. Intrauterine progression of the hydrocephaly, and parenchymal thinning was seen in four cases (4/6). In three of four cases (3/4) with progressive grade 3-4 hemorrhage and hydrocephaly, postnatal outcome were dismal, and one case had mild neurological impairment at three months. In one case which had non-progressive mild ventriculomegaly, the lesion regressed after 4 weeks, and had normal short-term outcome CONCLUSION Fetal ICH can be accurately identified and categorized by antenatal sonography, and fetal MRI. Although intrauterine regression or normal short-term postnatal outcome is possible, the outcome is usually poor for fetuses with high grade and/or progressive lesions. Therefore, further studies assessing long-term postnatal outcome are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Serdar Kutuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gevher Nesibe Hospital, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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34
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[Acquired CNS lesions in fetal MRI]. Radiologe 2013; 53:130-5. [PMID: 23377544 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-012-2398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Acquired central nervous system (CNS) lesions are often subtle; therefore, the prenatal diagnosis of these lesions is extremely important. The fetal ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are two important imaging methods that give an insight into these types lesions. The method of choice during pregnancy is still fetal ultrasound; however, fetal MRI is important when there are certain pathologies, e.g. periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) or malformations of the vein of Galen. In this manner clinicians can plan further therapy after childbirth in advance (e.g. cerebral angiography or embolization).
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35
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Rosier-van Dunné FMF, van Wezel-Meijler G, de Groot L, van Zyl JI, Odendaal HJ, de Vries JIP. Echogenicity changes in the fetal brain, a 6-year follow-up study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 26:1036-41. [PMID: 23356686 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.766693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To asses the relation between echogenicity changes in the fetal brain and neurodevelopmental outcome until 6 years of age. METHODS Fetuses (n = 124) from pregnancies affected by hypertensive disorders (n = 64) or preterm labor (n = 60) at risk for preterm birth (26-34 weeks gestation) were studied. Moderate echogenicity changes (periventricular grade IB, II; intraventricular grade II-III; local basal ganglia/thalami) in the fetal and neonatal brain were related to neurological outcome and Griffiths mental developmental scales quotients at 1, 2 and 6 years. Multiple regression analysis tested the influence of moderate echogenicity changes and perinatal clinical characteristics on composite outcome (death or abnormal neurodevelopment). RESULTS Moderate echogenicity changes were present in 37/124 (30%) fetuses. Median gestational age and weight at birth were respectively 31 weeks (range 26-43), 1314 g (range 550-4330), mortality was 19%, follow-up loss 10%. Composite outcome was abnormal in 47/124 (38%). Fetal and neonatal moderate intraventricular echodensities were related to cerebral palsy at 6 years (p < 0.04). In the multiple regression analysis only gestational age was related to composite outcome (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Moderate intraventricular echodensities in the fetal brain related to cerebral palsy at 6 years of age. Gestational age at birth was the main predictor of abnormal composite outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M F Rosier-van Dunné
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare neonatal neurologic complication rates of cesarean deliveries, forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries, and vacuum-assisted vaginal deliveries. METHODS Data on singleton live births at 34 weeks or greater gestation born to nulliparous women from 1995 to 2003 in New York City were linked to hospital discharge data. Any diagnosis of neonatal subdural hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, seizures, scalp laceration or cephalohematoma, fracture, facial nerve palsy, brachial plexus injury, or 5-minute Apgar score of less than 7 was considered significant. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations between delivery mode and these neonatal morbidities. RESULTS Forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries were associated with significantly fewer seizures and 5-minute Apgar scores less than 7 compared with vacuum-assisted vaginal deliveries and cesarean deliveries. Cesarean deliveries were linked to less subdural hemorrhages compared with forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries or vacuum-assisted vaginal deliveries. When seizure, intraventricular hemorrhage, and subdural hemorrhage were examined collectively to best predict neurologic outcome, forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries had an overall reduced risk compared with both vacuum-assisted vaginal deliveries (odds ratio [OR] 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40-0.90) and cesarean deliveries (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48-0.97). The number needed to treat to prevent one case of severe neurologic morbidity is 509 for forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries compared with vacuum-assisted vaginal deliveries and 559 for forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries compared with cesarean deliveries. CONCLUSION Compared with vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery, a forceps-assisted vaginal delivery is associated with a reduced risk of adverse neonatal neurologic outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Hidden maternal autoimmune thrombocytopenia complicated by fetal subdural hematoma-case report and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2012; 28:1113-6. [PMID: 22373810 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-012-1725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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38
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Matturri L, Mecchia D, Lavezzi AM. Severe intra- and periventricular hemorrhage: role of arteriolosclerosis related to maternal smoke. Childs Nerv Syst 2011; 27:1979-83. [PMID: 21744137 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-011-1511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to describe the atherosclerotic lesions of the cerebral arterioles as a substrate of their rupture and bleeding. METHODS The study was performed on the brain of nine Caucasian fetal victims of intra- and periventricular hemorrhage, all grade IV, and nine control cases. RESULTS In the nine victims of hemorrhage, the arteriolar wall structure was altered, focally transformed into a deposit of amorphous eosinophilic material. Such changes often affected the full thickness of the wall causing rupture and hemorrhage. In eight of these cases and in two victims of the control group, the mothers were heavy cigarette smokers (15-20 cigarettes/day) before and during pregnancy. CONCLUSION The authors conclude that intra- and periventricular hemorrhage can be ascribed to the toxic effects of prenatal absorption of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Matturri
- Lino Rossi Research Center for the Study and Prevention of Unexpected Perinatal Death and SIDS-Department of Surgical, Reconstructive and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Hunt JC, Schneider C, Menticoglou S, Del Bigio MR. Fetal intracranial hemorrhage at 24 weeks' gestation. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2011; 33:691. [PMID: 21749744 DOI: 10.1016/s1701-2163(16)34950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Hunt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB
| | - Carol Schneider
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB
| | - Savas Menticoglou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB
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Hunt JC, Schneider C, Menticoglou S, Del Bigio MR. Hémorragie intracrânienne fœtale à 24 semaines de gestation. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1701-2163(16)34951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ting ET, Golomb MR. Grade IV fetal intracranial hemorrhage with good cognitive function. Pediatr Neurol 2010; 42:231-3. [PMID: 20159437 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fewer than 200 cases of prenatally diagnosed magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed fetal intracranial hemorrhage have been reported. Children surviving grade IV fetal intracranial hemorrhage usually manifest severe impairments, including mental retardation. We report on a child with a grade IV intracranial hemorrhage diagnosed by in utero ultrasound at 28 weeks of gestation, and confirmed by fetal magnetic resonance imaging at 29 weeks of gestation. At age 27 months, she has a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and exhibits hemiplegic cerebral palsy, but without seizures, and with normal cognitive function and excellent verbal ability. We discuss how perinatal care may have contributed to her good outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica T Ting
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Limperopoulos C, Folkerth R, Barnewolt CE, Connolly S, Du Plessis AJ. Posthemorrhagic cerebellar disruption mimicking Dandy-Walker malformation: fetal imaging and neuropathology findings. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2010; 17:75-81. [PMID: 20434704 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Limperopoulos
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Henrich W, Bamberg C, Dudenhausen J. Sectio bei bekannter kindlicher Fehlbildung. GYNAKOLOGE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00129-009-2386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Piastra M, Pietrini D, Massimi L, Caldarelli M, De Luca D, Del Lungo LM, De Carolis MP, Di Rocco C, Conti G, Zecca E. Severe subdural hemorrhage due to minimal prenatal trauma. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2009; 4:543-6. [PMID: 19951041 DOI: 10.3171/2009.7.peds08223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The authors report a case of minimal prenatal trauma producing a large subdural hematoma in the fetus, which was diagnosed in utero by MR imaging. The occurrence of such a complication is extremely rare in the absence of significant maternal trauma. Prenatally diagnosed intracranial hemorrhages, particularly those that are subdural in origin, have a poor prognosis in most cases. After birth, brain compression required a complex neurosurgical intervention because simple hematoma evacuation was not possible. The clinical and neurological outcome at 6 months was excellent, as confirmed by the neuroimaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piastra
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Catholic University Medical School, A.Gemelli Hospital, L.go Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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Green-Thompson R, Moodley J. In-uterointracranial haemorrhage probably secondary to domestic violence: Case report and literature review. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009; 25:816-8. [PMID: 16368597 DOI: 10.1080/01443610500336033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Green-Thompson
- MRC/UN Pregnancy Hypertension Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Carletti A, Colleoni GG, Perolo A, Simonazzi G, Ghi T, Rizzo N, Pilu G. Prenatal diagnosis of cerebral lesions acquired in utero
and with a late appearance. Prenat Diagn 2009; 29:389-95. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Arnold DM, Smith JW, Kelton JG. Diagnosis and Management of Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia. Transfus Med Rev 2008; 22:255-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Muench MV, Zheng M, Bilica PM, Canterino JC. Prenatal diagnosis of a fetal epidural hematoma using 2- and 3-dimensional sonography and magnetic resonance imaging. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2008; 27:1369-1373. [PMID: 18716147 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2008.27.9.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Muench
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
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Ellestad SC, Zimmerman SA, Thornburg C, Mitchell TE, Swamy GK, James AH. Severe factor V deficiency presenting with intracranial haemorrhage during gestation. Haemophilia 2008; 13:432-4. [PMID: 17610562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of intracranial haemorrhage detected by ultrasound at 36 weeks gestation in a foetus who was ultimately diagnosed with severe factor V deficiency. An abnormality of the foetal heart rate, auscultated at a routine antenatal visit, prompted an investigation that led to an ultrasound examination and detection of an intracranial haemorrhage and low amniotic fluid volume. An intrauterine foetal demise was averted. The clinical scenario in this case raises the issue of how often a stillbirth with intracranial haemorrhage may result from unrecognized factor deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Ellestad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Intracranial hemorrhage and hydrops in the fetus of a mother with thrombocytosis: implications for possible pathogenetic factors and therapy. Fetal Diagn Ther 2007; 22:343-7. [PMID: 17556821 DOI: 10.1159/000103293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of prenatally diagnosed intracranial hemorrhage and hydrops in the fetus of a mother with a past history of surgical and medical treatment for gastric lymphoma and having high platelet counts thereafter. To the best of our knowledge, such a complication of maternal thrombocythemia has not been described in the literature. In our opinion, the possible pathophysiology of the disease is based on placental insufficiency due to infarctions and related fetal platelet dysfunction, leading to intracranial hemorrhage with subsequent hydrops fetalis. The trigger in this event appears to be trauma to the maternal abdomen. Certain measures for high-risk mothers such as avoidance of trauma to the abdomen and platelet-lowering medications like interferon-alpha may be useful for preventing such fetal complications.
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