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Hiraike Y, Yang CT, Liu WJ, Yamada T, Lee CL. FTO Obesity Variant-Exercise Interaction on Changes in Body Weight and BMI: The Taiwan Biobank Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3673-e3681. [PMID: 33929497 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gene-exercise interaction on cross-sectional body mass index (BMI) has been extensively studied and is well established. However, gene-exercise interaction on changes in body weight/BMI remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To examine the interaction between the FTO obesity variant and regular exercise on changes in body weight/BMI. PARTICIPANTS Taiwan Biobank participants aged 30-70 years (N = 20 906) were examined at both baseline and follow-up visit (mean follow-up duration: 3.7 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The interaction between the FTO obesity variant rs1421085 and regular exercise habit (no exercise, ≤20 metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs)/week exercise, >20 METs/week exercise) on changes in body weight/BMI. RESULTS Individuals with the risk allele of rs1421085 gained more weight and increased BMI than those without the risk allele if they did not exercise. In contrast, individuals with the risk allele gained less weight and BMI if they exercised regularly, indicating an interaction between rs1421085 and regular exercise habit (P = .030 for Δbody weight and P = .034 for ΔBMI). The effect of exercise on maintaining body weight was larger in those with the risk allele of rs1421085. When we focused on individuals without regular exercise at baseline, individuals with the risk allele again tended to lose more weight than those with a nonrisk allele if they had acquired an exercise habit by the follow-up visit. CONCLUSION The beneficial effect of exercise is greater in individuals genetically prone to obesity due to the interaction between the FTO obesity variant rs1421085 and regular exercise on changes in body weight and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hiraike
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chao-Tung Yang
- Department of Computer Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taiwan
- Research Center for Nanotechnology, Tunghai University, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tomohide Yamada
- Institute of Population Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chia-Lin Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Molecular pathway analysis associates alterations in obesity-related genes and antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020; 32:72-83. [PMID: 31619305 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2019.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antipsychotics often induce excessive weight gain. We hypothesised that individuals with genetic variations related to known obesity-risk genes have an increased risk of excessive antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). This hypothesis was tested in a subset of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) trial data set. METHODS The CATIE trial compared effects and side effects of five different antipsychotics through an 18-month period. Based on the maximum weight gain recorded, excessive weight gain was defined as >7% weight gain. Cytoscape and GeneMANIA were instrumental in composing a molecular pathway from eight selected genes linked to obesity. Genetic information on a total of 495.172 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were available from 765 (556 males) individuals. Enrichment test was conducted through ReactomePA and Bioconductor. A permutation test was performed, testing the generated pathway against 105 permutated pathways (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, a standard genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis was performed. RESULT GWAS analysis did not detect significant differences related to excessive weight gain. The pathway generated contained 28 genes. A total of 2067 SNPs were significantly expressed (p < 0.01) within this pathway when comparing excessive weight gainers to the rest of the sample. Affected genes including PPARG and PCSK1 were not previously related to treatment-induced weight gain. CONCLUSIONS The molecular pathway composed from high-risk obesity genes was shown to overlap with genetics of patients who gained >7% weight gain during the CATIE trial. This suggests that genes related to obesity compose a pathway of increased risk of excessive AIWG. Further independent analyses are warranted that may confirm or clarify the possible reasoning behind.
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The importance of gene-environment interactions in human obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1571-97. [PMID: 27503943 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide obesity epidemic has been mainly attributed to lifestyle changes. However, who becomes obese in an obesity-prone environment is largely determined by genetic factors. In the last 20 years, important progress has been made in the elucidation of the genetic architecture of obesity. In parallel with successful gene identifications, the number of gene-environment interaction (GEI) studies has grown rapidly. This paper reviews the growing body of evidence supporting gene-environment interactions in the field of obesity. Heritability, monogenic and polygenic obesity studies provide converging evidence that obesity-predisposing genes interact with a variety of environmental, lifestyle and treatment exposures. However, some skepticism remains regarding the validity of these studies based on several issues, which include statistical modelling, confounding, low replication rate, underpowered analyses, biological assumptions and measurement precision. What follows in this review includes (1) an introduction to the study of GEI, (2) the evidence of GEI in the field of obesity, (3) an outline of the biological mechanisms that may explain these interaction effects, (4) methodological challenges associated with GEI studies and potential solutions, and (5) future directions of GEI research. Thus far, this growing body of evidence has provided a deeper understanding of GEI influencing obesity and may have tremendous applications in the emerging field of personalized medicine and individualized lifestyle recommendations.
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Risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome associated with FTO gene variants discloses clinically relevant gender difference among Turks. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:485-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-3992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Sex-specific effects of weight-affecting gene variants in a life course perspective--The HUNT Study, Norway. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 37:1221-9. [PMID: 23318717 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of previously identified genetic variants directly or indirectly associated with obesity, were investigated at birth, adolescence and adulthood to provide knowledge concerning timing and mechanisms of obesity susceptibility with focus on sex differences. DESIGN Twenty four previously identified obesity- and eating disorder susceptibility loci were tested for association with adiposity traits at birth (ponderal index (PI)), adolescence and young adulthood (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR)) in 1782 individuals from the HUNT study. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were evaluated individually and by haplotype sliding-window approach for windows50 kb (near-MC4R, FTO and near-BDNF). The analyses were performed on the total and sex stratified samples. RESULTS The most substantial effect on BMI was observed for the near-MC4R variants at adolescence and adulthood (adjusted P-values in adolescence: 0.002 and 0.003 for rs17782313 and rs571312, respectively). The same variants showed inverse association with PI in males (adjusted P-values: 0.019-0.036). Furthermore, significant effects were observed at adolescence with BMI for the near-KCTD15 variant (rs11084753) (adjusted P=0.038) in the combined sample. The near-INSIG2 (rs7566605) was significantly associated to WHR in males and near-BDNF (rs925946) in the combined sample (adjusted P=0.027 and P=0.033, respectively). The OPRD1 locus was associated to BMI and WC in males both at adolescence and adulthood with highest effect in adults (adjusted P=0.058). Interaction with sex was identified for near-MC4R, OPRD1, COMT, near-BDNF and DRD2. CONCLUSIONS Most obesity susceptibility variants show stronger effect at adolescence than at birth and adulthood with a clear sex-specific effect at some loci. The near-MC4R locus exhibit inverse effect on weight at birth in boys compared with findings at adolescence and adulthood. Some variants less known for obesity-susceptibility such as OPRD1 were found to be associated to weight with strongest effects in males.
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Wang L, Yu Q, Xiong Y, Liu L, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Wu J, Wang B. Variant rs1421085 in the FTO gene contribute childhood obesity in Chinese children aged 3–6years. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 7:e14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Tanaka M, Yoshida T, Bin W, Fukuo K, Kazumi T. FTO, abdominal adiposity, fasting hyperglycemia associated with elevated HbA1c in Japanese middle-aged women. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012; 19:633-42. [PMID: 22504289 DOI: 10.5551/jat.11940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM FTO is the most important polygene for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Our aims were to investigate whether a variant in FTO affects glucose dysregulation through its effect on fat accumulation or distribution, and when and how FTO influences fat accumulation and distribution and glucose dysregulation from birth until midlife. METHODS A total of 454 Japanese female university students (mean age: 20 years) and 132 middle-aged women (mean age: 50 years) who were the biological mothers of the students underwent the following: genotyping for rs1558902 in the FTO gene, assessment of fat accumulation and distribution, obesity-related metabolic traits and serum adipokine measurement. A subsample of 364 students reported their weight history since birth. RESULTS The A allele in rs1558902 was substantially less common in young and middle-aged Japanese women (18 and 17%, respectively) than in the European population (45%). The strong effect of genotype AA on BMI was evident at age 12, 15, 20 and 50 years whereas there was no effect on birth weight. In young and middle-aged women, the variant was strongly associated with higher body weight and fat mass. The effects on abdominal girth, fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance and HbA1c were evident in mothers but not in students. In addition, genotype AA was associated with increased white blood cell counts and hsCRP in mothers only. Associations with fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and white blood cell counts remained after correction for BMI, abdominal girth and fat mass. In multiple logistic regression analysis, AA homozygote in FTO was associated with higher odds of overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m(2)) in young (OR 1.73 (95%CI 1.06-30.0)) and middle-aged women (OR 1.73 (95%CI 1.06-30.0)). It was also associated with higher odds of abdominal fat accumulation (abdominal girth ≥90 cm, OR 1.73 (95%CI 1.06-30.0)) and fasting hyperglycemia (≥100 mg/dL) (OR 1.87(95%CI 1.05-40.4)) in middle-aged mothers. CONCLUSION Despite the small sample size, the low average BMI, and the low risk allele frequency, a genetic variation at the FTO locus was related to greater weight gain before age 12 in Japanese women. At age 20, it was related to general adiposity. In midlife, however, it was related to abdominal adiposity in addition to general adiposity, fasting hyperglycemia, higher HbA1c and subtle systemic inflammation. Fasting hyperglycemia associated with higher HbA1c in midlife was independent of its effects on general and abdominal adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Tanaka
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Science, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hygoto, Japan
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Rask-Andersen M, Almén MS, Olausen HR, Olszewski PK, Eriksson J, Chavan RA, Levine AS, Fredriksson R, Schiöth HB. Functional coupling analysis suggests link between the obesity gene FTO and the BDNF-NTRK2 signaling pathway. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:117. [PMID: 22087873 PMCID: PMC3248879 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Fat mass and obesity gene (FTO) has been identified through genome wide association studies as an important genetic factor contributing to a higher body mass index (BMI). However, the molecular context in which this effect is mediated has yet to be determined. We investigated the potential molecular network for FTO by analyzing co-expression and protein-protein interaction databases, Coxpresdb and IntAct, as well as the functional coupling predicting multi-source database, FunCoup. Hypothalamic expression of FTO-linked genes defined with this bioinformatics approach was subsequently studied using quantitative real time-PCR in mouse feeding models known to affect FTO expression. Results We identified several candidate genes for functional coupling to FTO through database studies and selected nine for further study in animal models. We observed hypothalamic expression of Profilin 2 (Pfn2), cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta (Prkacb), Brain derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 (Ntrk2), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), and Btbd12 to be co-regulated in concert with Fto. Pfn2 and Prkacb have previously not been linked to feeding regulation. Conclusions Gene expression studies validate several candidates generated through database studies of possible FTO-interactors. We speculate about a wider functional role for FTO in the context of current and recent findings, such as in extracellular ligand-induced neuronal plasticity via NTRK2/BDNF, possibly via interaction with the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Rask-Andersen
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Uppsala SE 75124, Sweden
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Hertel JK, Johansson S, Sonestedt E, Jonsson A, Lie RT, Platou CG, Nilsson PM, Rukh G, Midthjell K, Hveem K, Melander O, Groop L, Lyssenko V, Molven A, Orho-Melander M, Njølstad PR. FTO, type 2 diabetes, and weight gain throughout adult life: a meta-analysis of 41,504 subjects from the Scandinavian HUNT, MDC, and MPP studies. Diabetes 2011; 60:1637-44. [PMID: 21398525 PMCID: PMC3292341 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE FTO is the most important polygene identified for obesity. We aimed to investigate whether a variant in FTO affects type 2 diabetes risk entirely through its effect on BMI and how FTO influences BMI across adult life span. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Through regression models, we assessed the relationship between the FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms rs9939609, type 2 diabetes, and BMI across life span in subjects from the Norwegian population-based HUNT study using cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. For replication and meta-analysis, we used data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) and Malmö Preventive Project (MPP) cohorts, comprising a total sample of 41,504 Scandinavians. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed a highly significant association for rs9939609 with both type 2 diabetes (OR 1.13; P = 4.5 × 10(-8)) and the risk to develop incident type 2 diabetes (OR 1.16; P = 3.2 × 10(-8)). The associations remained also after correction for BMI and other anthropometric measures. Furthermore, we confirmed the strong effect on BMI (0.28 kg/m(2) per risk allele; P = 2.0 × 10(-26)), with no heterogeneity between different age-groups. We found no differences in change of BMI over time according to rs9939609 risk alleles, neither overall (ΔBMI = 0.0 [-0.05, 0.05]) nor in any individual age stratum, indicating no further weight gain attributable to FTO genotype in adults. CONCLUSIONS We have identified that a variant in FTO alters type 2 diabetes risk partly independent of its observed effect on BMI. The additional weight gain as a result of the FTO risk variant seems to occur before adulthood, and the BMI difference remains stable thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens K. Hertel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Nutrition Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease–Genetic Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, and Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rolv T. Lie
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carl G.P. Platou
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Verdal, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Norway
| | - Peter M. Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gull Rukh
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease–Genetic Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristian Midthjell
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Verdal, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Verdal, Norway
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, and Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, and Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Molven
- Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease–Genetic Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pål R. Njølstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Corresponding author: Pål R. Njølstad,
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Linde M, Stovner LJ, Zwart JA, Hagen K. Time trends in the prevalence of headache disorders. The Nord-Trøndelag Health Studies (HUNT 2 and HUNT 3). Cephalalgia 2010; 31:585-96. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102410391488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Earlier reports regarding secular trends of migraine are conflicting, and there is a lack of long-term follow-up studies of other headache syndromes among adults. The aim of the present study was to assess any changes in the prevalence of the major headache types in a large adult population. With an 11-year interval, all inhabitants aged ≥20 years ( n = 92,566 and 94,194) in the Norwegian county of Nord-Trøndelag were invited to participate in two cross-sectional surveys. Attendance rates were 56% and 42%. The age-adjusted 1-year prevalences, according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society, sex-ratios and attack frequencies were assessed. The migraine prevalence increased from 12.1% to 13.2% ( P < 0.001), but the sex ratio did not change. The prevalence of non-migrainous headache overall decreased (26.0% vs 24.2%; P < 0.001). The prevalences of ‘headache suffering’ (37.4%), chronic daily headache (2.5%) and medication overuse headache (1.0%) remained stable. Apart from a small increase of migraine, headache prevalences remained essentially stable among adults in a Norwegian county during an 11-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Linde
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian National Headache Centre, St Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Jacob Stovner
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian National Headache Centre, St Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Hagen
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian National Headache Centre, St Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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