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Gorgui J, Tchuente V, Pages N, Fareh T, King S, Elgbeili G, Bérard A. The impact of prenatal maternal mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic on birth outcomes: two nested case-control studies within the CONCEPTION cohort. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2023; 114:755-773. [PMID: 37668893 PMCID: PMC10485209 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-023-00814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the association between prenatal mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and preterm birth (PTB; delivery < 37 weeks gestation) and low birth weight (LBW; < 2500 g). METHODS Pregnant individuals, > 18 years, were recruited in Canada and provided data through a web-based questionnaire. We analyzed data on persons recruited between 06/2020 and 08/2021 who completed questionnaires while pregnant and 2 months post-partum. Data on maternal sociodemographics, comorbidities, medication use, mental health (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, General Anxiety Disorder-7, stress), pandemic hardship (CONCEPTION-Assessment of Stress from COVID-19), and on gestational age at delivery and birth weight were self-reported. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to quantify the association between PTB/LBW and maternal mental health. RESULTS A total of 1265 and 1233 participants were included in the analyses of PTB and LBW, respectively. No associations were observed between PTB and prenatal mental health (depression [aOR 1.01, 95%CI 0.91-1.11], anxiety [aOR 1.04, 95%CI 0.93-1.17], stress [aOR 0.88, 95%CI 0.71-1.10], or hardship [aOR 1.00, 95%CI 0.96-1.04]) after adjusting for potential confounders. The risk of PTB was increased with non-white ethnicity/race (aOR 3.85, 95%CI 1.35-11.00), consistent with the literature. Similar findings were observed for LBW (depression [aOR 1.03, 95%CI 0.96-1.13], anxiety [aOR 1.05, 95%CI 0.95-1.17], COVID stress [aOR 0.92, 95%CI 0.77-1.09], or overall hardship [aOR 0.97, 95%CI 0.94-1.01]). CONCLUSION No association was found between prenatal mental health nor hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk of PTB or LBW. However, it is imperative to continue the follow-up of mothers and their offspring to detect long-term health problems early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gorgui
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vanina Tchuente
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pages
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Tasnim Fareh
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Suzanne King
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Anick Bérard
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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Díaz C, Aragón N, Lopez-Medina E, Arango MC, Dávalos D, Contreras-Rengifo A. Craniofacial and dental features in children aged 3-5 years with congenital Zika syndrome. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5181-5188. [PMID: 37578656 PMCID: PMC10492677 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Zika virus infection has been associated to congenital zika syndrome (CZS) in newborns and is characterized by microcephaly, central/axial motor and sensory dysfunction, dysphagia among other previously described severe health complications. CZS is usually diagnosed postpartum by evident/apparent neural development problems. Although there are some reports of craniofacial/dentition development in CZS, several clinical oral aspects are still unknown. This study describes some structural and functional characteristics of facial and cranial growth and deciduous dentition in CZS-affected children. MATERIAL AND METHODS Some cranial, facial and dental characteristics were determined in 14 children with CZS aged 3-5 years and compared them against 12 apparently healthy children paired by age and gender. RESULTS Fourteen CZS cases presented microcephaly, maxillary prognathism, altered facial thirds, asymmetric pupillary line, bruxism (p = 0.006), deep and anterior open bite and distal step decidual molar relationship (p = 0.031). CZS children cannot feed by themselves and most cannot walk and have not develop coordinated and intelligible language according to their chronological age. In contrast, controls presented normal skull features, have autonomous locomotion skills, speak intelligible language, feed by themselves, presented a harmonic intermaxillary relationship and have symmetrical facial thirds. CONCLUSION Microcephaly, dysphagia, bruxism, mandibular retrognathia, altered facial proportions and malocclusion are the main craniofacial and oral features at CZS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The complications of CZS including those related with the face and the oral cavity are still being identified. This study revealed some cranial, facial and oral features in children affected by CSZ. Interdisciplinary rehabilitation protocols must address these syndromic features that could improve children and parents living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Díaz
- Advanced Program Pediatric Dentistry and Maxillary Orthopedics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- School of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Natalia Aragón
- School of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- PhD Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Periodontal Medicine Group, Universidad del Valle, Calle 3# 36 B 00 Building 132, Cali, Colombia
| | - Eduardo Lopez-Medina
- School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Center for Studies in Pediatric Infectology, CEIP, Cali, Colombia
- Quironsalud Group Clínica Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Diana Dávalos
- Center for Studies in Pediatric Infectology, CEIP, Cali, Colombia
| | - Adolfo Contreras-Rengifo
- School of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Periodontal Medicine Group, Universidad del Valle, Calle 3# 36 B 00 Building 132, Cali, Colombia
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Thomas J, Garcia J, Terry M, Mahaney S, Quintanilla O, Silva DC, Morales M, VandeBerg JL. Monodelphis domestica as a Fetal Intra-Cerebral Inoculation Model for Zika Virus Pathogenesis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050733. [PMID: 37242404 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Monodelphis domestica (the laboratory opossum) is a marsupial native to South America. At birth, these animals are developmentally equivalent to human embryos at approximately 5 weeks of gestation, which, when coupled with other characteristics including the size of the animals, the development of a robust immune system during juvenile development, and the relative ease of experimental manipulation, have made M. domestica a valuable model in many areas of biomedical research. However, their suitability as models for infectious diseases, especially neurotropic viruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV), is currently unknown. Here, we describe the replicative effects of ZIKV using a fetal intra-cerebral model of inoculation. Using immunohistology and in situ hybridization, we found that opossum embryos and fetuses are susceptible to infection by ZIKV administered intra-cerebrally, that the infection persists, and that viral replication results in neural pathology and may occasionally result in global growth restriction. These results demonstrate the utility of M. domestica as a new animal model for investigating ZIKV infection in vivo and facilitate further inquiry into viral pathogenesis, particularly for those viruses that are neurotropic, that require a host with the ability to sustain sustained viremia, and/or that may require intra-cerebral inoculations of large numbers of embryos or fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Thomas
- Center for Vector Borne Disease, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Juan Garcia
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Matthew Terry
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Susan Mahaney
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
| | - Oscar Quintanilla
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Dionn Carlo Silva
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Marisol Morales
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - John L VandeBerg
- Center for Vector Borne Disease, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
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Vaziri S, Pour SH, Akrami-Mohajeri F. Zika virus as an emerging arbovirus of international public health concern. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022; 13:341-351. [DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) was identified in 1947 in a rhesus monkey during an investigation of the yellow fever virus in the Zika Forest of Uganda; it was also isolated later from humans in Nigeria. The main distribution areas of ZIKV were the African mainland and South-East Asia in the 1980s, Micronesia in 2007, and more recently the Americas in 2014. ZIKV belongs to the Flaviviridae family and Flavivirus genus. ZIKV infection, which is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is an emerging arbovirus disease. The clinical symptoms of ZIKV infection are fever, headache, rashes, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis, which clinically resemble dengue fever syndrome. Sometimes, ZIKV infection has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. At the end of 2015, following an increase in cases of ZIKV infection associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly in newborns in Brazil, the World Health Organization declared a global emergency. Therefore, considering the global distribution and pathogenic nature of this virus, the current study aimed at reviewing the virologic features, transmission patterns, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ZIKV infection.
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5
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Jafari M, Ameri Ahmad H, Nassehi A, Repisti S, Sharif Nia H, Ghanei Gheshlagh R. Validation and psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the fear of COVID-19 scale among pregnant women. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2733. [PMID: 35976888 PMCID: PMC9480944 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Covid-19 epidemic, which has become the most challenging issue for health organizations and governments, has led to panic among people, especially pregnant women. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) on a sample of Iranian pregnant women. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 500 pregnant women referred to gynecology offices in Tehran. Construct validity was performed using exploratory (with maximum likelihood method and Promax rotation) and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald omega coefficients were used to examine internal consistency. RESULTS The mean age of the women was 28.98 (SD = 5.86) years. In exploratory factor analysis, two factors were extracted-emotional response and physiological response, which together explained 65.21% of the total variance of fear of Covid-19. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the final model had a good fit: CMIN/df = 1.515, goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.981, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = 0.956, normed fit index (NFI) = 0.979, Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.993, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.993, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.045 (95% CI: 0.001-0.085). Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega coefficients for the first factor were 0.874 and 0.878, and for the second factor were 0.853 and 0.854, respectively. CONCLUSION The FCV-19S in pregnant women has a good construct validity and can be used in various studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Jafari
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and MidwiferyBam University of Medical SciencesBamIran
| | | | - Asra Nassehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and MidwiferyBam University of Medical SciencesBamIran
| | - Selman Repisti
- Psychiatric ClinicClinical Centre of MontenegroPodgoricaMontenegro
| | - Hamid Sharif Nia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery AmolMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Clinical Care Research Center, Research Institute for Health DevelopmentKurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajIran
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Giesbrecht G, Rojas L, Patel S, Kuret V, MacKinnon A, Tomfohr-Madsen L, Lebel C. Fear of COVID-19, mental health, and pregnancy outcomes in the pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic study: Fear of COVID-19 and pregnancy outcomes. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:483-491. [PMID: 34952107 PMCID: PMC8690287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained fear during pregnancy has the potential to increase psychological distress and obstetric risk. This study aimed to (1) identify factors and characteristics associated with fear of COVID-19, (2) investigate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and maternal anxiety and depression, and (3) determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and pregnancy outcomes. METHODS 9251 pregnant Canadians were recruited between April - December 2020. Participants self-reported (scale of 0-100) the degree of threat they perceived from the SARS-CoV-2 virus in relation to themselves and their unborn baby. RESULTS Mean fear scores indicated moderate to elevated concern. In multivariable linear regression, fear of COVID-19 was associated with food insecurity, ethnicity, geographic location, history of anxiety prior to pregnancy, having a chronic health condition, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, and stage of pregnancy at study enrollment. Higher COVID-19 fear was associated with increased odds of depression, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.75, p < 0.001, 95% CI 1.66-1.85, and anxiety, aOR=2.04, p < 0.001, 95% CI 1.94-2.15). Furthermore, fear of COVID-19 was associated with a 192-gram reduction in infant birthweight, and a 6.1-day reduction in gestational age at birth. LIMITATIONS The sample has higher education compared to the Canadian population and cannot test causal effects. CONCLUSION This study suggests that sociodemographic, health, and obstetric factors may contribute to increased fear of COVID-19 and associated adverse psychological and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.F. Giesbrecht
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Corresponding author at: Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4
| | - L. Rojas
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S. Patel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V. Kuret
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A.L. MacKinnon
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - L. Tomfohr-Madsen
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C. Lebel
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Thomas S, Abraham A, Callaghan PJ, Rappuoli R. Challenges for Vaccinologists in the First Half of the Twenty-First Century. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2410:3-25. [PMID: 34914040 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1884-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020-2021 has highlighted the importance of vaccines and vaccination in human health. The pandemic has resulted in social distancing, travel restrictions, decreased trade, high unemployment, commodity price decline, and financial stress that has impacted the global economy. Since December 2020, a massive vaccination campaign is undergoing in every country on the planet to protect against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccination is the cheapest health-care interventions that can save more lives than any other drugs or therapies. Some of the common diseases of the twentieth century including smallpox and polio are seldom reported due to intense vaccination programs that eradicated it. Smallpox is completely eradicated globally; whereas, polio is confined to only a couple of countries. Vaccination has not only improved the health of man but also improved food security by preventing diseases in farm animals and aquacultured fish. Awareness of the principles of immunology and novel vaccines has led to effective vaccination strategies. Climate change could lead to generation of new strains of infectious microorganisms that would require development of novel vaccines. Recent years have seen the increase in incidence of brain-eating amoeba and flesh-eating bacteria (necrotizing fasciitis). There are no vaccines for these diseases. Though vaccination programs have eradicated several diseases and increased the quality of life, there are several diseases that have no effective vaccines. Currently there are no vaccines for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, as well as infectious diseases like tuberculosis, AIDS, and parasitic diseases including malaria. Spontaneous evolution of pathogenic microorganisms may lead to pandemics that impact the health of not only humanity but also other animals. Hence, the challenge to vaccinologists is the development of novel vaccines and vaccination strategies within limited time period and using minimum resources. In addition, the vaccine developed should be administered globally within a short duration so as to prevent generation of pathogenic variants more lethal than the parent strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Thomas
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, USA.
| | - Ann Abraham
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, USA
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Gay L, Melenotte C, Lakbar I, Mezouar S, Devaux C, Raoult D, Bendiane MK, Leone M, Mège JL. Sexual Dimorphism and Gender in Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698121. [PMID: 34367158 PMCID: PMC8339590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies and clinical observations show evidence of sexual dimorphism in infectious diseases. Women are at less risk than men when it comes to developing most infectious diseases. However, understanding these observations requires a gender approach that takes into account an analysis of both biological and social factors. The host’s response to infection differs in males and females because sex differences have an impact on hormonal and chromosomal control of immunity. Estradiol appears to confer protective immunity, while progesterone and testosterone suppress anti-infectious responses. In addition, genetic factors, including those associated with sex chromosomes, also affect susceptibility to infections. Finally, differences in occupational activities, lifestyle, and comorbidities play major roles in exposure to pathogens and management of diseases. Hence, considering sexual dimorphism as a critical variable for infectious diseases should be one of the steps taken toward developing personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Gay
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Cléa Melenotte
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Economy and Social Science, Health Care Systems and Societies, Marseille, France
| | - Ines Lakbar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Devaux
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Marc-Karim Bendiane
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Economy and Social Science, Health Care Systems and Societies, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Leone
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mège
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Wachholz GE, Rengel BD, Vargesson N, Fraga LR. From the Farm to the Lab: How Chicken Embryos Contribute to the Field of Teratology. Front Genet 2021; 12:666726. [PMID: 34367238 PMCID: PMC8339958 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.666726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies and its causes, particularly, by external factors are the aim of the field called teratology. The external factors studied by teratology are known as teratogens and can be biological or environmental factors for example, chemicals, medications, recreational drugs, environmental pollutants, physical agents (e.g., X-rays and maternal hyperthermia) and maternal metabolic conditions. Proving the teratogenicity of a factor is a difficult task requiring epidemiology studies as well as experimental teratology evidence from the use of animal models, one of which is the chicken embryo. This model in particular has the advantage of being able to follow development live and in vivo, with rapid development hatching around 21 days, is cheap and easy to manipulate and to observe development. All this allows the chicken embryo to be used in drug screening studies, teratogenic evaluation and studies of mechanisms of teratogenicity. The chicken embryo shares morphological, biochemical and genetic similarities with humans as well as mammalian species, making them ideal to ascertain the actions of teratogens, as well as screen drugs to test for their safety. Pre-clinical trials for new drugs are carried out in rodents and rabbits, however, chicken embryos have been used to screen new compounds or analogs of thalidomide as well as to investigate how some drugs can lead to congenital malformations. Indeed, the chicken embryo has proved valuable in understanding how many congenital anomalies, seen in humans, arise following teratogen exposure. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of the chicken embryo as an experimental model for studies in teratology, exploring its use in drug screening studies, phenotypic evaluation and studies of teratogenic mechanisms of action. Here, we discuss many known teratogens, that have been evaluated using the chicken embryo model including some medicines, such as, thalidomide, valproic acid; recreational drugs including alcohol; environmental influences, such as viruses, specifically ZIKV, which is a newly discovered human teratogen. In addition, we discuss how the chicken embryo has provided insight on the mechanisms of teratogenesis of many compounds and also how this impact on drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Elis Wachholz
- Postgraduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Teratogen Information Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Duarte Rengel
- Postgraduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Teratogen Information Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Teratogen Information Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Wachholz GE, do Amaral Gomes J, Boquett JA, Vianna FSL, Schuler-Faccini L, Fraga LR. Molecular mechanisms of Zika virus teratogenesis from animal studies: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2021; 10:160. [PMID: 34051864 PMCID: PMC8164069 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the diversity of studies in animal models reporting that molecular mechanisms are involved in the teratogenic effect of the Zika virus (ZIKV), the objective of the present study is to evaluate the methodological quality of these studies, as well as to demonstrate which genes and which molecular pathways are affected by ZIKV in different animal models. METHODS This search will be performed in four databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus, as well as in the grey literature. The studies selection process will be reported through the PRISMA Statement diagram model. All studies describing the molecular mechanisms possibly involved in the development of malformations caused by embryonic/fetal ZIKV exposure in animal models with an appropriate control group and methodology will be included (including, for instance, randomized and non-randomized studies). All animals used as experimental models for ZIKV teratogenesis may be included as long as exposure to the virus occurred during the embryonic/fetal period. From the selected studies, data will be extracted using a previously prepared standard form. Bias risk evaluation will be conducted following the SYRCLE's Risk of Bias tool. All data obtained will be tabulated and organized by outcomes (morphological and molecular). DISCUSSION With the proposed systematic review, we expect to present results about the methodological quality of the published studies with animal models that investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the teratogenic effect of ZIKV, as well as to show the studies with greater reliability. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019157316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Elis Wachholz
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil.,Teratology Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Julia do Amaral Gomes
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil.,Teratology Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Juliano André Boquett
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil.,Teratology Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil.,Teratology Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- Teratology Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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11
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Lima FMDS, Iriart JAB. [Meanings, risk perceptions, and prevention strategies for pregnant women since the emergence of the Zika virus in Brazil]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00145819. [PMID: 33624694 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00145819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the meanings, risk perceptions, and strategies to prevent infection with the Zika virus developed by pregnant women with different socioeconomic conditions seen at public and private health services in the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, as well the contribution by their male partners in dealing with the risk of infection since the emergence of this virus in Brazil. A qualitative study was performed with 18 semi-structured interviews, nine each with pregnant women seen in the public and private health systems, respectively. The resulting data revealed insufficient knowledge in pregnant women concerning important aspects of Zika virus infection. The pregnant women's socioenvironmental situation was an important factor for risk perception and preventive strategies. Women interviewed in the public health system felt more vulnerable to the risk of infection than women interviewed in the private health system, with a major impact on their psychosocial well-being. According to the women, their partners placed huge demands on them to adopt preventive measures, but the male partners themselves failed to take the same precautions, e.g., ignoring the risk of sexual transmission of the Zika virus. In conclusion, three years since the outbreak reached Brazil, the Zika virus still has a major impact on the lives of pregnant women. It is crucial to strengthen health communications activities to guarantee the availability of information on the disease that responds adequately to the population's needs.
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12
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Zika virus is transmitted in neural progenitor cells via cell-to-cell spread and infection is inhibited by the autophagy inducer trehalose. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02024-20. [PMID: 33328307 PMCID: PMC8092816 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02024-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne human pathogen that causes congenital Zika syndrome and neurological symptoms in some adults. There are currently no approved treatments or vaccines for ZIKV, and exploration of therapies targeting host processes could avoid viral development of drug resistance. The purpose of our study was to determine if the non-toxic and widely used disaccharide trehalose, which showed antiviral activity against Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in our previous work, could restrict ZIKV infection in clinically relevant neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Trehalose is known to induce autophagy, the degradation and recycling of cellular components. Whether autophagy is proviral or antiviral for ZIKV is controversial and depends on cell type and specific conditions used to activate or inhibit autophagy. We show here that trehalose treatment of NPCs infected with recent ZIKV isolates from Panama and Puerto Rico significantly reduces viral replication and spread. In addition, we demonstrate that ZIKV infection in NPCs spreads primarily cell-to-cell as an expanding infectious center, and NPCs are infected via contact with infected cells far more efficiently than by cell-free virus. Importantly, ZIKV was able to spread in NPCs in the presence of neutralizing antibody.Importance Zika virus causes birth defects and can lead to neurological disease in adults. While infection rates are currently low, ZIKV remains a public health concern with no treatment or vaccine available. Targeting a cellular pathway to inhibit viral replication is a potential treatment strategy that avoids development of antiviral resistance. We demonstrate in this study that the non-toxic autophagy-inducing disaccharide trehalose reduces spread and output of ZIKV in infected neural progenitor cells (NPCs), the major cells infected in the fetus. We show that ZIKV spreads cell-to-cell in NPCs as an infectious center and that NPCs are more permissive to infection by contact with infected cells than by cell-free virus. We find that neutralizing antibody does not prevent the spread of the infection in NPCs. These results are significant in demonstrating anti-ZIKV activity of trehalose and in clarifying the primary means of Zika virus spread in clinically relevant target cells.
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13
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Chang Y, Jiang Y, Li C, Wang Q, Zhang F, Qin CF, Wu QF, Li J, Xu Z. Different Gene Networks Are Disturbed by Zika Virus Infection in A Mouse Microcephaly Model. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 18:737-748. [PMID: 33418086 PMCID: PMC8377042 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The association of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection with microcephaly has raised alarm worldwide. Their causal link has been confirmed in different animal models infected by ZIKV. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ZIKV pathogenesis are far from clear. Hence, we performed global gene expression analysis of ZIKV-infected mouse brains to unveil the biological and molecular networks underpinning microcephaly. We found significant dysregulation of the sub-networks associated with brain development, immune response, cell death, microglial cell activation, and autophagy amongst others. We provided detailed analysis of the related complicated gene networks and the links between them. Additionally, we analyzed the signaling pathways that were likely to be involved. This report provides systemic insights into not only the pathogenesis, but also a path to the development of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yisheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Parkinson's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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14
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Carvalho-Sauer RDCOD, Costa MDCN, Paixão ES, de Jesus Silva N, Barreto FR, Teixeira MG. Cross-sectional study of the anthropometric characteristics of children with congenital Zika syndrome up to 12 months of life. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:479. [PMID: 33054749 PMCID: PMC7557056 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about physical development of children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). This study aims to evaluate the anthropometric characteristics of children with CZS up to 12 months. Methods This is a cross-sectional study developed with 46 children with CZS living in Bahia. We used the Public Health Events Register, Live Births Information System and Childcare Records of Primary Health Care Services. Descriptive analysis was performed by distributing absolute and relative frequencies and median and interquartile range. The Weight/Age (W/A), Length/Age (L/A), Weight/Length (W/L) and Head Circumference/Age (HC/A) indexes were calculated for each month and expressed in z-score values, and the results were evaluated individually and by group average. Values between ≥ − 2 and ≤ 2 standard deviations were used as reference. T-Student and Spearman’s Correlation Tests were applied to verify the existence of any relationship between maternal and children’s variables with the anthropometric indexes weight/age and height/age at birth and at 3, 6 and 12 months of age. Results The studied children had high proportions of low birth weight (23.9%), dysphagia (56.8%) and seizures (53.5%). The mean z-score for the HC/A index at birth was − 3.20 and remained below − 3 z-scores throughout the assessed period. The analysis of the indices equivalent to every single child’s anthropometric measurement showed a deficit in 20.4% of the W/A, 39.1% of the L/A, 9.2% of the W/L and 85.7% of the HC/A measurements. Distribution of the mean values of these anthropometric indices revealed a risk of delayed stature growth (L/A < -1 z-score). There was a statistically significant association between L/A at 12 months and dysphagia (p = 0.0148) and a positive correlation between breastfeeding time and W/A. No statistically significant correlation was found between any other tested variables. Conclusions We observed a deficit in the HC/A index, which is a common feature in CZS, but also a high proportion of W/A and L/A deficit. The average group z-score highlighted the risk of delay in stature growth for age, which calls attention to the need for health interventions, as this condition exposes them to a higher risk of morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Oliveira de Carvalho-Sauer
- Bahia State Health Secretariat, Epidemiological Surveillance Service of the East Regional Health Center, Avenida Esperança, 406, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, ZC 44435-500, Brazil
| | | | - Enny S Paixão
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Natanael de Jesus Silva
- Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Parque Tecnológico da Bahia. Rua Mundo, 121 - Trobogy, Salvador, Bahia, ZC 41745-715, Brazil
| | - Florisneide Rodrigues Barreto
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s / n. Canela, Salvador, Bahia, ZC-40.110.040, Brazil
| | - Maria Gloria Teixeira
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s / n. Canela, Salvador, Bahia, ZC-40.110.040, Brazil
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15
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Liang B, Guida JP, Costa Do Nascimento ML, Mysorekar IU. Host and viral mechanisms of congenital Zika syndrome. Virulence 2020; 10:768-775. [PMID: 31451049 PMCID: PMC6735503 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1656503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2015–2016, in the Americas, and especially in northeast Brazil, a significant number of cases of microcephaly and other congenital brain abnormalities were linked with an outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women. While maternal symptoms of ZIKV are generally mild and self-limiting, clinical presentation in fetuses and newborns infected is extensive and includes microcephaly, decreased cortical development, atrophy and hypoplasia of the cerebellum and cerebellar vermis, arthrogryposis, and polyhydramnios. The term congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS) was introduced to describe the range of findings associated with maternal-fetal ZIKV transmission. ZIKV is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, however non-vector-dependent routes are also possible. Mechanisms of maternal-fetal transmission remain unknown, and the trans-placental route has been extensively studied in animal models and in human samples. The aim of this review was to summarize recent studies that helped to elucidate the mechanism of CZS in animal models and observational studies. There are still challenges in the diagnosis and prevention of CZS in humans, due to the large gap that remains in translating ZIKV research to clinical practice. Translational research linking governments, local health workers, scientists and industry is fundamental to improve care for mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - José Paulo Guida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | | | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.,Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
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16
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Gusmão TPDL, Faria ABSD, Leão Filho JC, Carvalho ADAT, Gueiros LAM, Leão JC. Dental changes in children with congenital Zika syndrome. Oral Dis 2019; 26:457-464. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Paula de Lima Gusmão
- Oral Medicine Unit Departamento de Clinica e Odontologia Preventiva Federal University of Pernambuco Pernambuco Brazil
| | | | - Jair Carneiro Leão Filho
- Oral Medicine Unit Departamento de Clinica e Odontologia Preventiva Federal University of Pernambuco Pernambuco Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Alcino Monteiro Gueiros
- Oral Medicine Unit Departamento de Clinica e Odontologia Preventiva Federal University of Pernambuco Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Jair Carneiro Leão
- Oral Medicine Unit Departamento de Clinica e Odontologia Preventiva Federal University of Pernambuco Pernambuco Brazil
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17
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Xu D, Li C, Qin CF, Xu Z. Update on the Animal Models and Underlying Mechanisms for ZIKV-Induced Microcephaly. Annu Rev Virol 2019; 6:459-479. [PMID: 31206355 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-092818-015740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The circulation of Zika virus (ZIKV) in nearly 80 countries and territories poses a significant global threat to public health. ZIKV is causally linked to severe developmental defects in the brain, recognized as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), which includes microcephaly and other serious congenital neurological complications. Since the World Health Organization declared the ZIKV outbreak a public health emergency of international concern, remarkable progress has been made in the generation of different ZIKV infection animal models to gain insight into cellular targets and pathogenesis and to explore the associated underlying mechanisms. Here we focus on summarizing our current understanding of the effects of ZIKV on mammalian brain development in different developmental stages and discuss the potential underlying mechanisms of ZIKV-induced CZS, as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
| | - Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China;
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; .,Parkinson's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China
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18
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Protection of ZIKV infection-induced neuropathy by abrogation of acute antiviral response in human neural progenitors. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2607-2621. [PMID: 30952992 PMCID: PMC7224299 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains largely unknown how Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes severe microcephaly in human newborns. We examined an Asian lineage ZIKV, SZ01, which similarly infected and demonstrated comparable growth arrest and apoptotic pathological changes in human neuroprogenitors (NPCs) from forebrain dorsal, forebrain ventral as well as hindbrain and spinal cord brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Transcriptome profiling showed common overactivated antiviral response in all regional NPCs upon ZIKV infection. ZIKV infection directly activated a subset of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in human NPCs, which depended on the presence of IRF3 and NF-κB rather than IFN production and secretion, highlighting a key role of IFN-independent acute antiviral pathway underlying ZIKV infection-caused neuropathy. Our findings therefore reveal that overactivated antiviral response is detrimental rather than protective in human NPCs, and the IFN-independent acute antiviral pathway may serve as a potential target to ameliorate ZIKV infection-triggered neuropathy.
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19
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Phumee A, Chompoosri J, Intayot P, Boonserm R, Boonyasuppayakorn S, Buathong R, Thavara U, Tawatsin A, Joyjinda Y, Wacharapluesadee S, Siriyasatien P. Vertical transmission of Zika virus in Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5257. [PMID: 30918310 PMCID: PMC6437171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several mosquito species have been described as vectors for the Zika virus (ZIKV), such as those in the Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia and Culex genera. Our previous survey studies were found the ZIKV RNA positive in both male, female and larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes collected from active ZIKV infected patients' homes in Thailand. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate whether ZIKV could be vertically transmitted in Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Laboratory and field colonies of these mosquito species were maintained and artificially fed with ZIKV in human blood. Fully engorged mosquitoes (F0) were selected and reared for the vertical transmission study. The subsequent mosquito generations were fed with human blood without the virus. ZIKV in the mosquitoes was detected by hemi-nested RT-PCR and sequencing. C6/36 cells were used to isolate ZIKV from samples that tested positive by hemi-nested RT-PCR. Moreover, ZIKV was identified by immunocytochemical staining 7 days after infection in several organs of infected F0 females, including the salivary glands, midguts, yoke granules and facet cells of the eye. The localization of the ZIKV antigen was identified by the presence of the specific antibody in the salivary glands, midguts, yoke granules and facet cells. ZIKV was detected in female and male Cx. quinquefasciatus until the F6 and F2 generations, respectively. The isolated virus showed cytopathic effects in C6/36 cells by 5 days postinfection. The results suggested that the vertical transmission of ZIKV occurs in Cx. quinquefasciatus in the laboratory. However, we were able to detect the presence of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti in only the F1 generation in both male and female mosquitoes, and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were not able to vertically transmit the virus at all. Data obtained from this study could be valuable for developing a better understanding of the role of Cx. quinquefasciatus as a potential vector for ZIKV transmission in Thailand and may be useful in creating more effective mosquito vector control strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchara Phumee
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Health Science Centre, Neuroscience Center for Research and Development & WHO-CC for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jakkrawarn Chompoosri
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Proawpilart Intayot
- Medical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rungfar Boonserm
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Siwaporn Boonyasuppayakorn
- Applied Medical Virology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rome Buathong
- Department of Disease Control, Bureau of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Usavadee Thavara
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Tawatsin
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Yutthana Joyjinda
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Health Science Centre, Neuroscience Center for Research and Development & WHO-CC for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Wacharapluesadee
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Health Science Centre, Neuroscience Center for Research and Development & WHO-CC for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Padet Siriyasatien
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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20
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Dinnon III KH, Gallichotte EN, Fritch EJ, Menachery VD, Baric RS. Shortening of Zika virus CD-loop reduces neurovirulence while preserving antigenicity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007212. [PMID: 30845254 PMCID: PMC6424462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne positive sense RNA virus. Recently, ZIKV emerged into the Western hemisphere as a human health threat, with severe disease associated with developmental and neurological complications. The structural envelope protein of ZIKV and other neurotropic flaviviruses contains an extended CD-loop relative to non-neurotropic flaviviruses, and has been shown to augment ZIKV stability and pathogenesis. Here we show that shortening the CD-loop in ZIKV attenuates the virus in mice, by reducing the ability to invade and replicate in the central nervous system. The CD-loop mutation was genetically stable following infection in mice, though secondary site mutations arise adjacent to the CD-loop. Importantly, while shortening of the CD-loop attenuates the virus, the CD-loop mutant maintains antigenicity in immunocompetent mice, eliciting an antibody response that similarly neutralizes both the mutant and wildtype ZIKV. These findings suggest that the extended CD-loop in ZIKV is a determinant of neurotropism and may be a target in live-attenuated vaccine design, for not only ZIKV, but for other neurotropic flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H. Dinnon III
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emily N. Gallichotte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ethan J. Fritch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vineet D. Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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21
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Glover KKM, Gao A, Zahedi-Amiri A, Coombs KM. Vero Cell Proteomic Changes Induced by Zika Virus Infection. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800309. [PMID: 30578658 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The re-emergence and the recent spread of the Zika virus (ZIKV) has raised significant global concerns due to lack of information in patient diagnosis and management. Thus, in addition to gaining more basic information about ZIKV biology, appropriate interventions and management strategies are being sought to control ZIKV-associated diseases and its spread. This study's objective is to identify host cell proteins that are significantly dysregulated during ZIKV infection. SOMAScan, a novel aptamer-based assay, is used to simultaneously screen >1300 host proteins to detect ZIKV-induced host protein dysregulation at multiple time points during infection. A total of 125 Vero cell host proteins, including cytokines such as CXCL11 and CCL5, interferon stimulated gene 15, and translation initiation factors EIF5A and EIF4G2, are significantly dysregulated after ZIKV infection. Bioinformatic analyses of 77 host proteins, that are significantly dysregulated ≥1.25-fold, identify several activated biological processes, including the JAK/STAT, Tec kinase, and complement cascade pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen K M Glover
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E OJ9, Canada.,Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Ang Gao
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Ali Zahedi-Amiri
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E OJ9, Canada.,Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Kevin M Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E OJ9, Canada.,Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Buhler Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada
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Menezes ASDS, Alves MJS, Gomes TP, Pereira JA. Microcefalia relacionada ao vírus Zika e dinâmica familiar: perspectiva da mãe. AVANCES EN ENFERMERÍA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/av.enferm.v37n1.72008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: compreender como os familiares de crianças diagnosticadas com microcefalia pelo vírus Zika (ZIKV) reagiram emocionalmente ao diagnóstico e qual é o impacto desse evento na dinâmica familiar.Metodologia: estudo descritivo-exploratório de cunho qualitativo realizado em um município de médio porte de Minas Gerais (Brasil). Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada gravada e transcrita. O corpus foi submetido à análise de conteúdo conforme o preconizado por Bardin.Resultados: verificou-se que as mães demonstraram preocupação diante da hipossuficiência de informações sobre a condição dos filhos. O diagnóstico trouxe uma sensação de desconstrução do filho idealizado e desencadeou reações de choque emocional. As mães demonstraram possuir grandes incertezas em relação ao futuro dos filhos. Foi relatado que os pais participam ativamente no cuidado.Conclusão: evidencia-se, nas narrativas das mães, a necessidade de maior eficiência dos serviços públicos de assistência, notadamente os de saúde, no acompanhamento das crianças e orientação das famílias.
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Hasan S, Saeed S, Panigrahi R, Choudhary P. Zika Virus: A Global Public Health Menace: A Comprehensive Update. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:316-327. [PMID: 31516865 PMCID: PMC6714416 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_433_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a RNA virus and belongs to genus Flavivirus and family Flaviviridae. The virus was first discovered from a febrile primate from the Zika forests of Uganda in 1947 and the first human case was documented in 1954. The nonspecific clinical manifestations of ZIKV pose diagnostic dilemmas and delays early and effective treatment. Dental professionals should have a thorough knowledge about the virus and should follow standard infection control measures as the virus has been demonstrated in various body secretions (including salivary secretions). The disease is managed by symptomatic and supportive care and no vaccine exist till date. Recent ZIKV outbreaks and increase association of microcephaly with congenital ZIKV and neurological complications (Guillain-Barré syndrome) has drawn global public health attention. The World Health Organization declared it a public health emergency of international concern in 2016. This review article provides a detailed overview on ZIKV; it is clinical and oral manifestations, diagnostic aids, differential diagnosis, preventive aspects, and management protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamimul Hasan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Shamimul Hasan, C/O Mohd Javed Khan, C-4, Duplex Quarters, New Sir Syed Nagar, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail:
| | - Shazina Saeed
- Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajat Panigrahi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Priyadarshini Choudhary
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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25
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Tavakoli A, Esghaei M, Karbalaie Niya MH, Marjani A, Tabibzadeh A, Karimzadeh M, Monavari SH. A comprehensive review of Zika virus infection. THE JOURNAL OF QAZVIN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/qums.22.5.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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26
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ICR suckling mouse model of Zika virus infection for disease modeling and drug validation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006848. [PMID: 30356305 PMCID: PMC6218097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes diseases ranging from acute self-limiting febrile illness to life-threatening Guillain–Barré Syndrome and other neurological disorders in adults. Cumulative evidence suggests an association between ZIKV infection and microcephaly in newborn infants. Given the host-range restrictions of the virus, a susceptible animal model infected by ZIKV must be developed for evaluation of vaccines and antivirals. In this study, we propose a convenient mouse model for analysis of neurological disorders caused by ZIKV. Methodology Six-day-old immunocompetent ICR suckling mice were used in the experiment. Different inoculum virus concentrations, challenge routes, and challenge times were assessed. Viremic dissemination was determined in the liver, spleen, kidney, and brain through Western blot assay, plaque assay, absolute quantification real-time PCR, and histological observation. Azithromycin, a well-characterized anti-ZIKV compound, was used to evaluate the ICR suckling mouse model for antiviral testing. Conclusions Signs of illness and neurological disease and high mortality rate were observed in mice injected with ZIKV intracerebrally (102 to 105) and intraperitoneally (103 to 105). Viremic dissemination was observed in the liver, spleen, kidney, and brain. ZIKV transmitted, rapid replicated, and induced monocyte infiltration into the brain approximately 5 to 6 days post inoculum. Azithromycin conferred protection against ZIKV-caused neurological and life-threatening diseases. The developed model of ZIKV infection and disease can be used for screening drugs against ZIKV and discovering the underlying mechanism of ZIKV pathogenesis. Mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging threat to human health worldwide. In 2007, a ZIKV outbreak was reported in the Yap Island of Micronesia and was the first outbreak outside Africa and Asia. In 2013 and 2014, another ZIKV outbreak was reported in French Polynesia, and more than 28,800 people were infected by ZIKV. In 2015, the first ZIKV outbreak in America was reported in Brazil; the Brazilian Ministry of Health reported a 20-fold increase in cases of neonatal microcephaly, which was geographically and temporally correlated with the ZIKV outbreak. Recent evidence demonstrated that ZIKV infection leads to severe syndromes, such as Guillain–Barré syndrome and microcephaly in adults and infants, respectively. Thus far, anti-ZIKV drugs and vaccines have not been developed yet. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of ZIKV pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we propose a small animal model of wild-type ZIKV infection and associated neurological disorders. In the animal model, ZIKV causes signs of illness and neurological disease, potentially emulating the hallmark of ZIKV infection in human. These features can be used to study the underlying mechanism of ZIKV pathogenesis. The newly developed Zika disease model provides an immunocompetent and time saving framework for development of drugs against ZIKV and ZIKV-caused diseases.
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Alcendor DJ. Zika virus infection and implications for kidney disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:1145-1151. [PMID: 30171265 PMCID: PMC6208949 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High-level and persistent viruria observed in patients infected by Zika virus (ZIKV) has been well documented. However, renal pathology in acutely infected, immunocompetent patients remains subclinical. Moreover, the long-term impact of ZIKV infection, replication, and persistence in the renal compartment of adults and infants as well as immunosuppressed patients and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is unknown. Mechanisms involving host and viral factors that limit or control ZIKV pathogenesis in the renal compartment are important yet unexplored. The observation that long-term viral shedding occurs in the renal compartment in the absence of clinical disease requires further investigation. In this review, I explore Zika virus-induced renal pathology in animal models, the dynamics of virus shedding in urine, virus replication in glomerular cells, ZIKV infection in human renal transplantation, and the potential impact of long-term persistent ZIKV infection in the renal compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Alcendor
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Hubbard Hospital, 5th Floor, Rm. 5025, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
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Disruption of glial cell development by Zika virus contributes to severe microcephalic newborn mice. Cell Discov 2018; 4:43. [PMID: 30083387 PMCID: PMC6066496 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-018-0042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The causal link between Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and microcephaly has raised alarm worldwide. Microglial hyperplasia, reactive gliosis, and myelination delay have been reported in ZIKV-infected microcephalic fetuses. However, whether and how ZIKV infection affects glial cell development remain unclear. Here we show that ZIKV infection of embryos at the later stage of development causes severe microcephaly after birth. ZIKV infects the glial progenitors during brain development. Specifically, ZIKV infection disturbs the proliferation and differentiation of the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and leads to the abolishment of oligodendrocyte development. More importantly, a single intraperitoneal injection of pregnant mice with a human monoclonal neutralizing antibody provides full protection against ZIKV infection and its associated damages in the developing fetuses. Our results not only provide more insights into the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection, but also present a new model for the preclinical test of prophylactic and therapeutic agents against ZIKV infection.
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Gorman MJ, Caine EA, Zaitsev K, Begley MC, Weger-Lucarelli J, Uccellini MB, Tripathi S, Morrison J, Yount BL, Dinnon KH, Rückert C, Young MC, Zhu Z, Robertson SJ, McNally KL, Ye J, Cao B, Mysorekar IU, Ebel GD, Baric RS, Best SM, Artyomov MN, Garcia-Sastre A, Diamond MS. An Immunocompetent Mouse Model of Zika Virus Infection. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:672-685.e6. [PMID: 29746837 PMCID: PMC5953559 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Progress toward understanding Zika virus (ZIKV) pathogenesis is hindered by lack of immunocompetent small animal models, in part because ZIKV fails to effectively antagonize Stat2-dependent interferon (IFN) responses in mice. To address this limitation, we first passaged an African ZIKV strain (ZIKV-Dak-41525) through Rag1-/- mice to obtain a mouse-adapted virus (ZIKV-Dak-MA) that was more virulent than ZIKV-Dak-41525 in mice treated with an anti-Ifnar1 antibody. A G18R substitution in NS4B was the genetic basis for the increased replication, and resulted in decreased IFN-β production, diminished IFN-stimulated gene expression, and the greater brain infection observed with ZIKV-Dak-MA. To generate a fully immunocompetent mouse model of ZIKV infection, human STAT2 was introduced into the mouse Stat2 locus (hSTAT2 KI). Subcutaneous inoculation of pregnant hSTAT2 KI mice with ZIKV-Dak-MA resulted in spread to the placenta and fetal brain. An immunocompetent mouse model of ZIKV infection may prove valuable for evaluating countermeasures to limit disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Gorman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Caine
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Matthew C Begley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Melissa B Uccellini
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juliet Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boyd L Yount
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth H Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claudia Rückert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael C Young
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shelly J Robertson
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kristin L McNally
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonja M Best
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Center of Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Center of Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Casapulla SL, Aidoo-Frimpong G, Basta TB, Grijalva MJ. Zika virus knowledge and attitudes in Ecuador. AIMS Public Health 2018; 5:49-63. [PMID: 30083569 PMCID: PMC6070462 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2018.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1947 in Uganda, ZIKV has spread to 61 countries with a total of 229,238 confirmed human cases worldwide. Specifically, Ecuador has recorded 3,058 confirmed cases and 7 confirmed cases of congenital syndrome associated with ZIKV. Using the Health Belief Model (HBM), this pilot study was conducted to assess Zika virus-related knowledge and attitudes among adults in Ecuador. The survey data were collected in public places in rural and urban areas of Ecuador in May 2016. Seven items measured ZIKV knowledge and 23 items measured attitudes toward ZIKV. A total of 181 Ecuadorians participated in this study. The average age of the sample was 33.4. With respect to ZIKV knowledge, the majority of the participants had heard of ZIKV (n = 162, 89.5%). More males reported first hearing of ZIKV on the internet (p = 0.02), more rural individuals reported knowing someone diagnosed with ZIKV (p = 0.02), more primary school educated individuals reported hearing about ZIKV first from their doctor/nurse (p = 0.03), and more high school graduates correctly identified that ZIKV could be transmitted from mother to child (p = 0.03). As for the HBM constructs, there was a statistically significant difference between gender and cues to action (p = 0.04), with males having a statistically significant lower mean on the cues to action items compared to females. There were also statistically significant differences between those categorized as having "adequate" knowledge compared to "low" knowledge on the benefits construct (p = 0.04) and the perceived severity construct (p = 0.03). There is a clear need for education about the transmission and prevention of ZIKV. High levels of self-efficacy for prevention behaviors for ZIKV combined with low perceived barriers in this community set the stage for effective educational interventions or health promotion campaigns that can ameliorate the knowledge deficits surrounding transmission and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Casapulla
- Office of Rural and Underserved Programs, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States.,Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens OH, United States
| | - Gloria Aidoo-Frimpong
- Department of Social and Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens OH, United States
| | - Tania B Basta
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens OH, United States.,Department of Social and Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens OH, United States
| | - Mario J Grijalva
- Department of Social and Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens OH, United States.,Center for Research on Health in Latin America, School of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Alvarado-Socarras JL, Idrovo ÁJ, Contreras-García GA, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Audcent TA, Mogollon-Mendoza AC, Paniz-Mondolfi A. Congenital microcephaly: A diagnostic challenge during Zika epidemics. Travel Med Infect Dis 2018; 23:14-20. [PMID: 29471046 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The multiple, wide and diverse etiologies of congenital microcephaly are complex and multifactorial. Recent advances in genetic testing have improved understanding of novel genetic causes of congenital microcephaly. The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Latin America has highlighted the need for a better understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms of microcephaly including both infectious and non-infectious causes. The diagnostic approach to microcephaly needs to include potential infectious and genetic etiologies, as well as environmental in-utero exposures such as alcohol, toxins, and medications. Emerging genetic alterations linked to microcephaly include abnormal mitotic microtubule spindle structure and abnormal function of centrosomes. We discuss the diagnostic challenge of congenital microcephaly in the context of understanding the links with ZIKV emergence as a new etiological factor involved in this birth defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Alvarado-Socarras
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia; Organización Latinoamericana para el Fomento de la Investigación en Salud (OLFIS), Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia; Colombian Collaborative Network on Zika (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Álvaro J Idrovo
- Public Health Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Organización Latinoamericana para el Fomento de la Investigación en Salud (OLFIS), Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia; Colombian Collaborative Network on Zika (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
| | - Tobey A Audcent
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Adriana C Mogollon-Mendoza
- Infectious Diseases Research Incubator and the Zoonosis and Emerging Pathogens Regional Collaborative Network, Venezuela; Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela
| | - Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- IDB Biomedical Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine/Infectious Diseases Pathology Laboratory (IDB), Barquisimeto, Venezuela; Directorate of Health, Instituto Venezolano de Los Seguros Sociales (IVSS), Caracas, Dtto. Capital, Venezuela
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Espinosa D, Mendy J, Manayani D, Vang L, Wang C, Richard T, Guenther B, Aruri J, Avanzini J, Garduno F, Farness P, Gurwith M, Smith J, Harris E, Alexander J. Passive Transfer of Immune Sera Induced by a Zika Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Protects AG129 Mice Against Lethal Zika Virus Challenge. EBioMedicine 2017; 27:61-70. [PMID: 29269041 PMCID: PMC5828544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) poses a serious public health threat due to its association with birth defects in developing fetuses and Guillain-Barré Syndrome in adults. We are developing a ZIKV vaccine based on virus-like particles (VLPs) generated in transiently transfected HEK293 cells. The genetic construct consists of the prM and envelope structural protein genes of ZIKV placed downstream from a heterologous signal sequence. To better understand the humoral responses and correlates of protection (CoP) induced by the VLP vaccine, we evaluated VLP immunogenicity with and without alum in immune-competent mice (C57Bl/6 x Balb/c) and observed efficient induction of neutralizing antibody as well as a dose-sparing effect of alum. To assess the efficacy of the immune sera, we performed passive transfer experiments in AG129 mice. Mice that received the immune sera prior to ZIKV infection demonstrated significantly reduced viral replication as measured by viral RNA levels in the blood and remained healthy, whereas control mice succumbed to infection. The results underscore the protective effect of the antibody responses elicited by this ZIKV VLP vaccine candidate. These studies will help define optimal vaccine formulations, contribute to translational efforts in developing a vaccine for clinical development, and assist in the definition of immunologic CoP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Espinosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, United States
| | | | | | - Lo Vang
- PaxVax, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Chunling Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, United States
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Abstract
The ongoing Zika virus outbreak in South, Central, and, most recently, North America has become a global health care emergency. Originally thought to be a benign, self-limiting viral syndrome, the newest epidemic has provided convincing evidence that maternal Zika virus infection can lead to neonatal malformations, the so-called congenital Zika syndrome. The alarming number of microcephalic neonates being born during the current outbreak is most notable, though several other anomalies, such as arthrogryposis, redundant scalp tissue, and cranial collapse, have been reported. Additionally, Zika virus represents an occupational hazard to plastic and reconstructive surgeons and their teams, as well as an infectious risk to patients receiving blood and human tissue products. In this article, we aim to provide current disease-related information to help guide the practicing plastic surgeon in the safe and effective management of patients affected by congenital Zika syndrome and to educate plastic surgeons regarding occupational and transmissivity risks of Zika virus.
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Shao Q, Herrlinger S, Zhu YN, Yang M, Goodfellow F, Stice SL, Qi XP, Brindley MA, Chen JF. The African Zika virus MR-766 is more virulent and causes more severe brain damage than current Asian lineage and dengue virus. Development 2017; 144:4114-4124. [PMID: 28993398 DOI: 10.1242/dev.156752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) has two lineages, Asian and African, and their impact on developing brains has not been compared. Dengue virus (DENV) is a close family member of ZIKV and co-circulates with ZIKV. Here, we performed intracerebral inoculation of embryonic mouse brains with dengue virus 2 (DENV2), and found that DENV2 is sufficient to cause smaller brain size due to increased cell death in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurons. Compared with the currently circulating Asian lineage of ZIKV (MEX1-44), DENV2 grows slower, causes less neuronal death and fails to cause postnatal animal death. Surprisingly, our side-by-side comparison uncovered that the African ZIKV isolate (MR-766) is more potent at causing brain damage and postnatal lethality than MEX1-44. In comparison with MEX1-44, MR-766 grows faster in NPCs and in the developing brain, and causes more pronounced cell death in NPCs and neurons, resulting in more severe neuronal loss. Together, these results reveal that DENV2 is sufficient to cause smaller brain sizes, and suggest that the ZIKV African lineage is more toxic and causes more potent brain damage than the Asian lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shao
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stephanie Herrlinger
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ya-Nan Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mei Yang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Forrest Goodfellow
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiao-Peng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Melinda A Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Population Health and Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Roles of Interferons in Pregnant Women with Dengue Infection: Protective or Dangerous Factors. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 2017:1671607. [PMID: 29081814 PMCID: PMC5610849 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1671607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dengue infection is a serious public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas. With the recent outbreaks of Zika disease and its reported correlation with microcephaly, the large number of pregnancies with dengue infection has become a serious concern. This review describes the epidemiological characteristics of pregnancy with dengue and the initial immune response to dengue infection, especially in IFNs production in this group of patients. Dengue is much more prevalent in pregnant women compared with other populations. The severity of dengue is correlated with the level of IFNs, while the serum IFN level must be sufficiently high to maintain the pregnancy and to inhibit virus replication.
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Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome has been reported in pregnancy and is a potentially lethal condition. It affects the nervous system with acute onset of symmetric ascending weakness and may result in frank respiratory failure and autonomic dysfunction. Most patients recall symptoms of a respiratory or gastrointestinal illness in the weeks preceding the onset of weakness. Recent evidence suggests a potential role of the Zika virus as a trigger for the syndrome. The diagnosis of Guillain-Barré is clinical. Supportive measures include venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, aggressive physical therapy, pressure ulcer prevention, enteral nutrition, and respiratory support. The mainstay of management comprises plasmapheresis or administration of intravenous immunoglobulins. Affected patients must be closely monitored for development of respiratory failure and autonomic dysfunction. Treatment during pregnancy should follow the same principles as for nonpregnant individuals.
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37
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João EC, Gouvea MIFDS, Teixeira MDLB, Mendes-Silva W, Esteves JS, Santos EM, Ledesma LA, Gomes AP, Cruz ML. Zika Virus Infection Associated With Congenital Birth Defects in a HIV-infected Pregnant Woman. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36:500-501. [PMID: 28403053 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of Zika virus infection acquired during the first trimester in a HIV-infected pregnant woman that led to multiple fetal malformations and fetal demise in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esaú Custódio João
- From the *Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; †Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and ‡Hospital Maternidade Maria Amelia Buarque de Hollanda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Pawitwar SS, Dhar S, Tiwari S, Ojha CR, Lapierre J, Martins K, Rodzinski A, Parira T, Paudel I, Li J, Dutta RK, Silva MR, Kaushik A, El-Hage N. Overview on the Current Status of Zika Virus Pathogenesis and Animal Related Research. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:371-388. [PMID: 28444557 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is linked with activation of Guillan-Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults infected with the virus and microcephaly in infants following maternal infection. With the recent outpour in publications by numerous research labs, the association between microcephaly in newborns and ZIKV has become very apparent in which large numbers of viral particles were found in the central nervous tissue of an electively aborted microcephalic ZIKV-infected fetus. However, the underlying related mechanisms remain poorly understood. Thus, development of ZIKV-infected animal models are urgently required. The need to develop drugs and vaccines of high efficacy along with efficient diagnostic tools for ZIKV treatment and management raised the demand for a very selective animal model for exploring ZIKV pathogenesis and related mechanisms. In this review, we describe recent advances in animal models developed for studying ZIKV pathogenesis and evaluating potential interventions against human infection, including during pregnancy. The current research directions and the scientific challenges ahead in developing effective vaccines and therapeutics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank S Pawitwar
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Supurna Dhar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Sneham Tiwari
- Deparment of Immunology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Chet Raj Ojha
- Deparment of Immunology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jessica Lapierre
- Deparment of Immunology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kyle Martins
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Alexandra Rodzinski
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Tiyash Parira
- Deparment of Immunology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Iru Paudel
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Rajib Kumar Dutta
- Deparment of Immunology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Monica R Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- Deparment of Immunology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Deparment of Immunology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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Filgueiras Meireles JF, Neves CM, Morgado FFDR, Caputo Ferreira ME. Zika virus and pregnant women: A psychological approach. Psychol Health 2017; 32:798-809. [PMID: 28343414 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1307369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus presents risk of physical harm to pregnant women, but the fear of infection is also affecting women around the world. There is a gap in the research on Zika virus in the areas involving the impact on the psychosocial well-being of pregnant women. Therefore, this study is aimed at the investigation of the psychosocial adjustment of pregnant women to the risks of Zika virus infection during pregnancy. We investigated 14 pregnant women who were classified in three different groups: six in the first trimester, five in the second trimester and three in the third trimester, aged from 28 to 40 years (33.43 ± 3.76 years). Content analysis was used to interpret data. Our results show that the psychosocial adjustment of participants was significantly negative and included five aspects: (1) negative feelings, (2) changes in family planning, (3) adopting new customs (avoiding places of risk, use of specific clothes and use of repellent), (4) changed attitudes regarding body image and (5) feeling of external demand regarding prevention. The fear of Zika virus infection and all its associated risks have a negative biopsychosocial impact on the pregnant women in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Mockdece Neves
- a Psychology Post-Graduation Program , Federal University of Juiz de Fora , Juiz de Fora , Brazil
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40
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Wiwanitkit V. Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Women: Present Situation in Thailand. WOMEN’S HEALTH BULLETIN 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/whb-43524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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41
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Souza ASR, Cordeiro MT, Meneses JDA, Honorato E, Araujo Júnior E, Castanha PMDS, Caiado BVR, Faquini SDLL, Santos Neto OG, Schettini JADC, Mello LMD, Ishigami AC, Dhalia R. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of congenital Zika virus syndrome and diaphragmatic unilateral palsy: case report. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-93042016000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: several birth defects associated to congenital Zika virus infection have been reported, although the clinical features have not been fully characterized. Description: this is the first case report on unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis diagnosed on a neonate with congenital Zika confirmed by the examination of the amniotic fluid through polymerase chain reaction (ZIKV RT-PCR) and the examination of cerebrospinal fluid by serological test (IgM ZIKV-ELISA) after birth. The main manifestations detected by intrauterine ultrasound were: microcephaly, ventriculomegaly, intracranial calcifications, enlarged cisterna magna, increased amniotic fluid index and fetal akinesia syndrome. The newborn had acute respiratory failure in the first hours of life, requiring mechanical ventila-tion. The X- ray of the chest showed unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis and cardiomegaly. Discussion: diaphragmatic palsy in congenital Zika has not been previously reported, the etiopathogenic mechanisms of this event in congenital Zika virus needs to be elucidated.
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42
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Hajra A, Bandyopadhyay D, Heise LR, Bhadra R, Ball S, Hajra SK. Zika and pregnancy: A comprehensive review. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 77. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrija Hajra
- Department of Internal Medicine; IPGMER; Kolkata India
| | | | - Lyndsey R. Heise
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE USA
| | - Rajarshi Bhadra
- Department of Internal Medicine; St Vincent Charity Medical Center, A teaching affiliate to; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH USA
| | - Somedeb Ball
- Department of Cardiology; Apollo Gleneagles Hospital; Kolkata India
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43
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Zika Virus (ZIKV). Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 43:436-446. [PMID: 27994533 PMCID: PMC5159718 DOI: 10.1159/000447782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
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44
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Wang JN, Ling F. Zika Virus Infection and Microcephaly: Evidence for a Causal Link. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13101031. [PMID: 27775637 PMCID: PMC5086770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus related to the Dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses. Since the explosive outbreaks of ZIKV in Latin America in 2015, a sudden increase in the number of microcephaly cases has been observed in infants of women who were pregnant when they contracted the virus. The severity of this condition raises grave concerns, and extensive studies on the possible link between ZIKV infection and microcephaly have been conducted. There is substantial evidence suggesting that there is a causal link between ZIKV and microcephaly, however, future studies are warranted to solidify this association. To summarize the most recent evidence on this issue and provide perspectives for future studies, we reviewed the literature to identify existing evidence of the causal link between ZIKV infection and microcephaly within research related to the epidemics, laboratory diagnosis, and possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Na Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Feng Ling
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
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45
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Shao Q, Herrlinger S, Yang SL, Lai F, Moore JM, Brindley MA, Chen JF. Zika virus infection disrupts neurovascular development and results in postnatal microcephaly with brain damage. Development 2016; 143:4127-4136. [PMID: 27729407 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection of pregnant women can result in fetal brain abnormalities. It has been established that ZIKV disrupts neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and leads to embryonic microcephaly. However, the fate of other cell types in the developing brain and their contributions to ZIKV-associated brain abnormalities remain largely unknown. Using intracerebral inoculation of embryonic mouse brains, we found that ZIKV infection leads to postnatal growth restriction including microcephaly. In addition to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of NPCs, ZIKV infection causes massive neuronal death and axonal rarefaction, which phenocopy fetal brain abnormalities in humans. Importantly, ZIKV infection leads to abnormal vascular density and diameter in the developing brain, resulting in a leaky blood-brain barrier (BBB). Massive neuronal death and BBB leakage indicate brain damage, which is further supported by extensive microglial activation and astrogliosis in virally infected brains. Global gene analyses reveal dysregulation of genes associated with immune responses in virus-infected brains. Thus, our data suggest that ZIKV triggers a strong immune response and disrupts neurovascular development, resulting in postnatal microcephaly with extensive brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shao
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephanie Herrlinger
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Si-Lu Yang
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Fan Lai
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Julie M Moore
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Melinda A Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Population Health and Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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46
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Abstract
CONTEXT -As the number of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections continues to grow, so, too, does the spectrum of recognized clinical disease, in both adult and congenital infections. Defining the tissue pathology associated with the various disease manifestations provides insight into pathogenesis and diagnosis, and potentially future prevention and treatment, of ZIKV infections. OBJECTIVE -To summarize the syndromes and pathology associated with ZIKV infection, the implications of pathologic findings in the pathogenesis of ZIKV disease, and the use of pathology specimens for diagnosis of ZIKV infection. DATA SOURCES -The major sources of information for this review were published articles obtained from PubMed and pathologic findings from cases submitted to the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CONCLUSIONS -Pathologic findings associated with ZIKV infection are characteristic but not specific. In congenital Zika syndrome, tissue pathology is due to direct viral infection of neural structures, whereas in Guillain-Barré syndrome, pathology is likely due to a postviral, aberrant host-directed immune response. Both fetal and placental pathology specimens are useful for ZIKV diagnosis by molecular and immunohistochemical assays; however, the implications of ZIKV detection in placentas from second- and third-trimester normal live births are unclear, as the potential postnatal effects of late gestational exposure remain to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sherif R Zaki
- From the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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47
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Ticconi C, Pietropolli A, Rezza G. Zika virus infection and pregnancy: what we do and do not know. Pathog Glob Health 2016; 110:262-268. [PMID: 27690200 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2016.1234804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data strongly suggest an association between the current outbreak of ZIKA virus (ZIKV) in many countries of Central and South America and a sharp increase in the detection of microcephaly and fetal malformations. The link with brain defect, which has been detected mainly in some areas of Brazil, is supported by the following evidence: (1) ZIKV transmission from infected pregnant women to their fetuses; (2) the potential of ZIKV to determine a specific congenital fetal syndrome characterized by abnormalities involving primarily the developing brain and eye. In particular, the risk of transmission and congenital disease appears to be restricted to mother's infection during the first trimester of pregnancy. Among brain defects, microcephaly, brain calcifications, and ventriculomegaly are the most frequent abnormalities of the central nervous system detected so far. However, relevant information on effect of maternal infection with ZIKV on the fetus is still limited. In this review, we focus our attention on current knowledge about ZIKV infection in pregnancy, discussing relevant issues and open problems which merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ticconi
- a Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Adalgisa Pietropolli
- a Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Giovanni Rezza
- b Department of Infectious Diseases , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
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48
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Virus Zika. ¿Alarma excesiva o riesgo real? Aten Primaria 2016; 48:429-31. [PMID: 27417950 PMCID: PMC6877836 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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49
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Weaver SC, Costa F, Garcia-Blanco MA, Ko AI, Ribeiro GS, Saade G, Shi PY, Vasilakis N. Zika virus: History, emergence, biology, and prospects for control. Antiviral Res 2016; 130:69-80. [PMID: 26996139 PMCID: PMC4851879 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a previously obscure flavivirus closely related to dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever viruses, has emerged explosively since 2007 to cause a series of epidemics in Micronesia, the South Pacific, and most recently the Americas. After its putative evolution in sub-Saharan Africa, ZIKV spread in the distant past to Asia and has probably emerged on multiple occasions into urban transmission cycles involving Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. mosquitoes and human amplification hosts, accompanied by a relatively mild dengue-like illness. The unprecedented numbers of people infected during recent outbreaks in the South Pacific and the Americas may have resulted in enough ZIKV infections to notice relatively rare congenital microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndromes. Another hypothesis is that phenotypic changes in Asian lineage ZIKV strains led to these disease outcomes. Here, we review potential strategies to control the ongoing outbreak through vector-centric approaches as well as the prospects for the development of vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA.
| | - Federico Costa
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Albert I Ko
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guilherme S Ribeiro
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - George Saade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA
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50
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Slavov S, Otaguiri K, Kashima S, Covas D. Overview of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in regards to the Brazilian epidemic. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49:e5420. [PMID: 27143174 PMCID: PMC4855997 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, belongs to the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus. ZIKV was initially isolated in 1947 from a sentinel monkey in the Zika forest, Uganda. Little clinical importance was attributed to ZIKV, once only few symptomatic cases were reported in some African and Southeast Asiatic countries. This situation changed in 2007, when a large outbreak was registered on the Yap Island, Micronesia, caused by the Asian ZIKV lineage. Between 2013 and 2014, ZIKV spread explosively and caused many outbreaks in different islands of the Southern Pacific Ocean and in 2015 autochthonous transmission was reported in Brazil. Currently, Brazil is the country with the highest number of ZIKV-positive cases in Latin America. Moreover, for the first time after the discovery of ZIKV, the Brazilian scientists are studying the possibility for the virus to cause severe congenital infection related to microcephaly and serious birth defects due to the time-spatial coincidence of the alarming increase of newborns with microcephaly and the Brazilian ZIKV epidemic. The present review summarizes recent information for ZIKV epidemiology, clinical picture, transmission, diagnosis and the consequences of this emerging virus in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.N. Slavov
- Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão
Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão
Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - K.K. Otaguiri
- Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão
Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas,
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP,
Brasil
| | - S. Kashima
- Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão
Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas,
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP,
Brasil
| | - D.T. Covas
- Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão
Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão
Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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