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Lenártová P, Gažarová M, Kopčeková J, Mrázová J. Effect of Crushed Flaxseed Consumption on Cardiovascular Risk Indicators in Menopausal Women. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:849. [PMID: 39063602 PMCID: PMC11277798 DOI: 10.3390/life14070849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed is known for its numerous health benefits and is often used in the prevention and treatment of civilizational diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of consuming crushed flaxseed on cardiovascular risk in 51 menopausal women. The intervention lasted for 8 weeks, during which participants received a daily dose of 40 g of crushed flaxseed from two varieties with differing lignan contents. Participants were divided into three subgroups based on the variety of flaxseed consumed: (1) high-lignan group (HL), (2) low-lignan group (LL), and (3) control group (no flaxseed consumption). Biochemical blood parameters were measured using a BiOLis 24i Premium automatic analyzer. Body composition was assessed using an InBody 720 device. In the lipid profile, we observed a significant increase in total cholesterol (T-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, along with a significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in both the HL and LL groups. Triglyceride (TG) levels exhibited no significant change, whereas high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were significantly reduced in both the HL (p < 0.01) and LL (p < 0.01) groups. Visceral fat area (VFA) and percent body fat (PBF) showed a slight decreasing trend in the HL group, whereas in the LL group, VFA showed a slight increase. Body mass index (BMI) remained stable across all groups. These findings suggest that for the modulation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, the daily dosage, duration of consumption, form of intake, and the specific variety of flaxseed (based on lignan content) are crucial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lenártová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.G.); (J.K.); (J.M.)
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2
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Amri Z, Bhouri AM, Dhibi M, Hammami M, Hammami S, Mechri B. Nutritional composition, lipid profile and stability, antioxidant activities and sensory evaluation of pasta enriched by linseed flour and linseed oil. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:31. [PMID: 38750440 PMCID: PMC11097524 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pasta assortments fortified with high quality foods are a modern nutritional trends. This study, explored the effects of fortification with linseed flour (LF) and linseed oil (LO) on durum wheat pasta characteristics. Wheat flour semolina was replaced with 5%, 10% and 15% of LF or 1%, 2.5% and 5% of LO. Control pasta CP (without LF or LO addition), LF-enriched pasta LFP 5%, LFP 10% and LFP 15% and LO-enriched pasta LOP 1%, LOP 2.5% and LOP 5% was compared for the proteins, fat and phenolic contents and fatty acids (FA) profile. Impact on lipid oxidation and sensory evaluation were also determined. Fortification of pasta with LF improved significantly (p < 0.05) the contents of protein, fat and phenolic compared to CP whereas the enrichment of pasta with LO resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the content of fat and a significant decrease in protein and phenolic contents. All the formulations decreased the saturated FA percent and increased the polyunsaturated FA percent with enhancement of omega-3 FA content. Antioxidant activity measured by FRAP and DPPH assays was improved after the fortification. For lipid oxidation, the replacement of semolina by LF or LO promoted an increase (p < 0.05) on TBARS values in level-dependent manner. Regarding sensory evaluation, the two types of fortification did not affect the taste; flavor and aroma of cooked pasta, but LOP 5% showed the highest score of the overall acceptability. The results recommended the possibility of producing pasta supplemented with LF or LO (even at a level of 15% and 5% respectively) as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Amri
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05 "Nutrition- Functional Foods and Vascular Health", University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Amira Mnari Bhouri
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05 "Nutrition- Functional Foods and Vascular Health", University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Madiha Dhibi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05 "Nutrition- Functional Foods and Vascular Health", University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05 "Nutrition- Functional Foods and Vascular Health", University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Hammami
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05 "Nutrition- Functional Foods and Vascular Health", University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Beligh Mechri
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05 "Nutrition- Functional Foods and Vascular Health", University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
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Ookoshi K, Sawane K, Fukumitsu S, Aida K. Availability of dietary secoisolariciresinol diglucoside on borderline blood cholesterol level in men: a randomized, parallel, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:261-266. [PMID: 38799144 PMCID: PMC11111469 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Borderline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (120-139 mg/dl) increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the use of functional dietary nutrients is expected to control blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary secoisolariciresinol diglucoside on blood cholesterol in healthy adults with borderline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. A randomized, parallel, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial was performed for participants with borderline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, for 12 weeks with secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (60 mg/day) or placebo. Lipid profile [low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, total cholesterol, and triglycerides] and liver disease risk markers were measured at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12. Analyzing 36 participants in each group revealed a significant interaction between treatment and time, indicating reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.049) and total cholesterol (p = 0.020) levels in secoisolariciresinol diglucoside-receiving men but not women. However, no significant differences were observed in other markers regardless of gender. The results suggest that a daily intake of 60 mg of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels in men with borderline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, proposing secoisolariciresinol diglucoside potential as a functional dietary nutrient for cardiovascular disease prevention. This study was registered in the UMIN-CTR database (UMIN000046202).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouta Ookoshi
- Innovation Center, Central Research Laboratory, NIPPN Corporation, 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Kento Sawane
- Innovation Center, Central Research Laboratory, NIPPN Corporation, 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumitsu
- Innovation Center, Central Research Laboratory, NIPPN Corporation, 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Aida
- Innovation Center, Central Research Laboratory, NIPPN Corporation, 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
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Wang M, Yan M, Tan L, Zhao X, Liu G, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Gao H, Qin W. Non-coding RNAs: targets for Chinese herbal medicine in treating myocardial fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1337623. [PMID: 38476331 PMCID: PMC10928947 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1337623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death in urban and rural areas. Myocardial fibrosis is a common pathological manifestation at the adaptive and repair stage of cardiovascular diseases, easily predisposing to cardiac death. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), RNA molecules with no coding potential, can regulate gene expression in the occurrence and development of myocardial fibrosis. Recent studies have suggested that Chinese herbal medicine can relieve myocardial fibrosis through targeting various ncRNAs, mainly including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Thus, ncRNAs are novel drug targets for Chinese herbal medicine. Herein, we summarized the current understanding of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis, and highlighted the contribution of ncRNAs to the therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal medicine on myocardial fibrosis. Further, we discussed the future directions regarding the potential applications of ncRNA-based drug screening platform to screen drugs for myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Maocai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Liqiang Tan
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Zejin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Honggang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
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Zhang X, Chen J, Zhou S, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Li Y. The effect of flaxseed oil after deep frying on lipid metabolism and gut barrier homeostasis. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113728. [PMID: 38129043 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Flaxseed oil (FO) has been demonstrated its multiple beneficial effects in vivo due to high concentration of α-linolenic acid. The deterioration of FO can be triggered by high temperature heating during the deep frying process resulting in alteration of healthy properties. In this study, the effect of FO before and after deep frying on lipid metabolism and gut homeostasis of rats was investigated compared to deep-fried palm oil (DPO) treated group. Deep-fried flaxseed oil (DFO) treatment significantly enhanced the triglyceride accumulation in serum and liver tissues of rats. A greater increase of peroxides and proinflammatory cytokine levels was found in the serum of DFO treated rats compared to other groups. The histopathologic data indicated that DFO and DPO reduced the villus height of intestinal and colonic tissues and increased the inflammatory cell infiltration. The inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6) were enhanced and the key markers of epithelia colonic tissues (occludin and MUC-2) were suppressed in rats with DFO interventions, which is in consistency with histopathologic results. In addition, FO could increase the number of beneficial bacteria while the relative abundance of obesity and inflammatory-related bacteria was promoted by DFO treatment, including Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Selenomonadales. In conclusion, DFO intake had a significant impact on the disruption of gut barrier homeostasis, potentially worsening the dysbiosis than DPO. The beneficial effects of FO in vivo could be significantly reduced by extreme deep frying, which suggests the need for moderate cooking edible oils such as FO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shengmin Zhou
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, 200137, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanrong Jiang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, 200137, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Noreen S, Tufail T, Ul Ain HB, Awuchi CG. Pharmacological, nutraceutical, and nutritional properties of flaxseed ( Linum usitatissimum): An insight into its functionality and disease mitigation. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6820-6829. [PMID: 37970400 PMCID: PMC10630793 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is derived from the flax plant, an annual herb. The primary relevance of flaxseed is in the human nutrition sector, where it is emerging as a significant functional food component due to its high level of active chemicals, which have been linked to health benefits. Flaxseed may be consumed in numerous forms, including milled, oil, and bakery items. The phytochemicals that are present in flaxseed have greatly drawn interest as bioactive molecules beneficial for health. It is naturally enriched with alpha-linolenic acid, omega-3 fatty acid, lignin, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, and fiber which are physiologically active in the protection of some chronic illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular stroke. Furthermore, the benefits of flaxseed eating have been demonstrated in the animal nutrition industry, resulting in healthier food from animal origin. In reality, the fatty acid profile of meat and fat in swine and poultry is directly impacted by the source of fat in the diet. Feeding omega-3-enriched diets with flaxseed will improve the omega-3 content in eggs and meat, enriching the products. The current study focuses on the latest evidence on the chemical makeup of flaxseed and its positive benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Noreen
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of LahoreLahorePakistan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Huma Bader Ul Ain
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of LahoreLahorePakistan
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Abdelwahab AH, Negm AM, Mahmoud ES, Salama RM, Schaalan MF, El-Sheikh AAK, Ramadan BK. The cardioprotective effects of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (flaxseed lignan) against cafeteria diet-induced cardiac fibrosis and vascular injury in rats: an insight into apelin/AMPK/FOXO3a signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1199294. [PMID: 37497114 PMCID: PMC10367100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1199294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fast food is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Apelin, the endogenous adipokine, can protect against cardiovascular disease via activating its receptor, APJ. Concurrently, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a flaxseed lignan extract (FLE), showed a therapeutic impact on atherosclerosis. The current study aimed to examine the effect of SDG on cafeteria diet (CAFD)-induced vascular injury and cardiac fibrosis via tracking the involvement of the apelin/APJ pathway. Methods: Thirty male rats were allocated into control, FLE-, CAFD-, CAFD/FLE-, and CAFD/FLE/F13A-treated rats, where F13A is an APJ blocker. All treatments lasted for 12 weeks. Results and discussion: The CAFD-induced cardiovascular injury was evidenced by histological distortions, dyslipidemia, elevated atherogenic indices, cardiac troponin I, collagen percentage, glycogen content, and apoptotic markers. CAFD increased both the gene and protein expression levels of cardiac APJ, apelin, and FOXO3a, in addition to increasing endothelin-1, VCAM1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 serum levels and upregulating cardiac MMP-9 gene expression. Moreover, CAFD reduced serum paraoxonase 1 and nitric oxide levels, cardiac AMPK, and nuclear Nrf2 expression. FLE attenuated CAFD-induced cardiovascular injury. Such effect was reduced in rats receiving the APJ blocker, implicating the involvement of apelin/APJ in FLE protective mechanisms. Conclusion: FLE supplementation abrogated CAFD-induced cardiac injury and endothelial dysfunction in an apelin/APJ-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza H. Abdelwahab
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira M. Negm
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Mahmoud
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M. Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona F. Schaalan
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza A. K. El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma K. Ramadan
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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Arrout A, El Ghallab Y, El Otmani IS, Said AAH. Ethnopharmacological survey of plants prescribed by herbalists for traditional treatment of hypercholesterolemia in Casablanca, Morocco. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Selected 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. A look into their use and potential in pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Endocr Regul 2021; 55:182-192. [PMID: 34523296 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2021-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. This review assesses the comparative safety and efficacy of selected 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid coenzyme A inhibitors (statins, cinnamic acids. 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaric acid) on the pre-onset type 2 diabetes (PT2D) and post-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related cluster of seven features (central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, pro-thrombosis, oxidation and inflammation). Methods. Google scholar and PubMed were searched for statin*, flaxseed lignan complex (FLC), cinnamic acid (CA)*, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (HMGA) in conjunction with each of PT2D, T2D and the cluster of seven. An introduction was followed by findings or absence thereof on the impacts of each of statins, FLC, CAs and HMGA on each member of the cluster of seven. Results. Pravastatin manages three features in PT2D, while a number of the statins improve five in T2D. FLC is negative in PT2D but controls four in T2D; it is not clear if the CAs and HMGA in FLC play a role in this success. CAs have potential in six and HMGA has potential in three of the cluster of seven though yet CAs and HMGA are untested in PT2D and T2D in humans. There are safety concerns with some statins and HMGA but FLC and CAs appear safe in the doses and durations tested. Conclusions. Selected statins, FLC, CAs and HMGA can manage or have a potential to manage at least three features of the cluster of seven. Most of the literature-stated concerns are with select statins but there are concerns (one actual and two potential) with HMGA.
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Cichońska P, Pudło E, Wojtczak A, Ziarno M. Effect of the Addition of Whole and Milled Flaxseed on the Quality Characteristics of Yogurt. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092140. [PMID: 34574249 PMCID: PMC8469215 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the effect of the addition of whole and milled flaxseed on the quality characteristics of yogurt. In the first stage of the research, the optimal dose of flaxseed was determined. In the second stage of the research, it was assessed whether the selected qualities of yogurt were affected by the form of flaxseed (whole or milled) and the time of addition (before or after fermentation). The yogurts obtained were stored at 5 °C for 21 days, and the changes in active acidity, apparent viscosity, syneresis, and the number of yogurt bacteria were determined. The results of the second stage of the study were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05). The study showed that the addition of milled flaxseed to yogurts in the amount of 1% was optimal. Time and form of flaxseed supplementation significantly influenced the changes in active acidity, apparent viscosity, and syneresis in the tested yogurts. The addition of flaxseed did not significantly change the content of yogurt bacteria. The results indicate that to achieve increased apparent viscosity and reduced syneresis, it is more advantageous to use milled flaxseed rather than whole flaxseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Cichońska
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (E.P.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewelina Pudło
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (E.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Adrian Wojtczak
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Ziarno
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (E.P.); (M.Z.)
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Bujok J, Miśta D, Wincewicz E, Króliczewska B, Dzimira S, Żuk M. Atherosclerosis Development and Aortic Contractility in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits Supplemented with Two Different Flaxseed Varieties. Foods 2021; 10:534. [PMID: 33806676 PMCID: PMC8001360 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is widely regarded as the main beneficial component of flax for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the effect of the transgenic flaxseed W86-which is rich in ALA-on the lipid profile, atherosclerosis progression, and vascular reactivity in hypercholesterolemic rabbits compared to the parental cultivar Linola with a very low ALA content. Rabbits were fed a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol, 1% cholesterol and 10% flaxseed W86, or 1% cholesterol and 10% Linola flaxseed. A high-cholesterol diet resulted in an elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to the control animals. Aortic sections from rabbits fed Linola had lower deposits of foamy cells than those from rabbits fed W86. A potassium-induced and phenylephrine-induced contractile response was enhanced by a high-cholesterol diet and not influenced by the W86 or Linola flaxseed. Pretreatment of the aortic rings with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester resulted in a concentration-dependent tendency to increase the reaction amplitude in the control and high-cholesterol diet groups but not the flaxseed groups. Linola flaxseed with a low ALA content more effectively reduced the atherosclerosis progression compared with the W86 flaxseed with a high concentration of stable ALA. Aorta contractility studies suggested that flaxseed ameliorated an increased contractility in hypercholesterolemia but had little or no impact on NO synthesis in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Bujok
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Dorota Miśta
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Edyta Wincewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Bożena Króliczewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Stanisław Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Żuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland;
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