1
|
Xiao SJ, Xu XK, Chen W, Xin JY, Yuan WL, Zu XP, Shen YH. Traditional Chinese medicine Euodiae Fructus: botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and quality control. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:6. [PMID: 36790599 PMCID: PMC9931992 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Euodiae Fructus, referred to as "Wuzhuyu" in Chinese, has been used as local and traditional herbal medicines in many regions, especially in China, Japan and Korea, for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, headache, emesis, aphtha, dermatophytosis, dysentery, etc. Substantial investigations into their chemical and pharmacological properties have been performed. Recently, interest in this plant has been focused on the different structural types of alkaloids like evodiamine, rutaecarpine, dehydroevodiamine and 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone, which exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities in preclinical models, such as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cardiovascular disease, etc. This review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information concerning the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology of Euodiae Fructus together with the toxicology and quality control, and discusses the possible direction and scope for future research on this plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Xiao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xi-Ke Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jia-Yun Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wen-Lin Yuan
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xian-Peng Zu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yun-Heng Shen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan Q, Yong XH, Yin M, Shan Y, Xu S, Su XL, Feng X, Wang QZ. Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic study on Evodia rutaecarpa and Evodia rutaecarpa var. bodinieri. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Gupta M, Patel S. Nature-derived Quinolines and Isoquinolines: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190614115701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quinoline and isoquinoline motifs are commonly encountered in natural products
of diverse origins. These moderately basic fused-heterocyclic rings containing natural
products are adorned with remarkable biological activities with clinical use in various diseases
demonstrating nature elegance and creativity. Therefore, these privileged rings have
attracted profound interest from the scientific community. In this perspective, we have discussed
medicinal chemistry perspective of the natural products containing quinoline and
isoquinoline scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Gupta
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Saloni Patel
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Bhutani KK, Birari R, Kapat K. Potential Anti-obesity and Lipid Lowering Natural Products: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, with more than 1 billion adults overweight - at least 300 million of them clinically obese. In Ayurveda, obesity is called ‘medoroga’. The detailed features and treatments of the disease have been described in an old Ayurvedic text, Charak and Sushrut Samhita. There are some native plants that are commonly used for the treatment of obesity in Ayurveda. Unfortunately, only few medications are available in the market, with side effects and unacceptable efficacy. With the current view that botanical drugs can be developed faster and more cheaply than conventional single entity pharmaceuticals, the review mainly focuses on the rationality of their use with appropriate literature data support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Kumar Bhutani
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab - 160 062, India
| | - Rahul Birari
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab - 160 062, India
| | - Kausik Kapat
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab - 160 062, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shang XF, Morris-Natschke SL, Liu YQ, Guo X, Xu XS, Goto M, Li JC, Yang GZ, Lee KH. Biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids part I. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:775-828. [PMID: 28902434 PMCID: PMC6421866 DOI: 10.1002/med.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids, two important classes of N-based heterocyclic compounds, have attracted tremendous attention from researchers worldwide since the 19th century. Over the past 200 years, many compounds from these two classes were isolated from natural sources, and most of them and their modified analogs possess significant bioactivities. Quinine and camptothecin are two of the most famous and important quinoline alkaloids, and their discoveries opened new areas in antimalarial and anticancer drug development, respectively. In this review, we survey the literature on bioactive alkaloids from these two classes and highlight research achievements prior to the year 2008 (Part I). Over 200 molecules with a broad range of bioactivities, including antitumor, antimalarial, antibacterial and antifungal, antiparasitic and insecticidal, antiviral, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, antioxidant and other activities, were reviewed. This survey should provide new clues or possibilities for the discovery of new and better drugs from the original naturally occurring quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Shan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jun-Cai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Zhou Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin L, Ren L, Wen L, Wang Y, Qi J. Effect of evodiamine on the proliferation and apoptosis of A549 human lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2832-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
8
|
Evodiamine exerts anti-tumor effects against hepatocellular carcinoma through inhibiting β-catenin-mediated angiogenesis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12791-12803. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
9
|
Zhao Y, Zhou X, Zhao YL, Gong XJ, Zhao C. A study of the geo-herbalism of evodiae fructus based on a flow-injection mass spectrometric fingerprinting method combined with chemometrics. Molecules 2015; 20:2658-67. [PMID: 25654533 PMCID: PMC6272335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A flow-injection mass spectrometric (FIMS) fingerprinting method in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) was used to study the geo-herbalism of Evodiae Fructus (EF) samples. Twenty four EF samples from different regions in China were collected and analyzed. The PCA scores plot showed that the samples from Guizhou Province were scattered in different groups, however, most of the samples from other provinces were basically scattered in the same group. Nine characteristic compounds responsible for the classification of the samples were tentatively characterized. These nine compounds might help differentiating EF samples from different regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
| | - Yun-Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
| | - Xiao-Jian Gong
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Effect of evodiagenine mediates photocytotoxicity on human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 through inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and activation of p38 pathways. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:292-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Wang XX, Zan K, Shi SP, Zeng KW, Jiang Y, Guan Y, Xiao CL, Gao HY, Wu LJ, Tu PF. Quinolone alkaloids with antibacterial and cytotoxic activities from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa. Fitoterapia 2013; 89:1-7. [PMID: 23651559 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Five new quinolone alkaloids, euocarpines A-E (16-20), four new natural products (1, 4, 12, and 14), and eleven known natural products were isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic evidence. All compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against three strains and for their cytotoxic activity against four human tumor cell lines. The results revealed that 5, 7-11, 13, 14, and 16-20 exhibited moderate antibacterial activities (MIC values: 4-128 μg/mL), and 9, 11, 14, and 17 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against HepG-2, Hela, BEL7402, and BEL7403 (IC50 values: 15.85-56.36 μM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Huang X, Li W, Yang XW. New cytotoxic quinolone alkaloids from fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:709-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
14
|
Marques EF, Bueno MA, Duarte PD, Silva LRSP, Martinelli AM, dos Santos CY, Severino RP, Brömme D, Vieira PC, Corrêa AG. Evaluation of synthetic acridones and 4-quinolinones as potent inhibitors of cathepsins L and V. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:10-21. [PMID: 22591648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsins, also known as lysosomal cysteine peptidases, are members of the papain-like peptidase family, involved in different physiological processes. In addition, cathepsins are implicated in many pathological conditions. This report describes the synthesis and evaluation of a series of N-arylanthranilic acids, acridones, and 4-quinolinones as inhibitors of cathepsins V and L. The kinetics revealed that compounds of the classes of acridones are reversible competitive inhibitors of the target enzyme with affinities in the low micromolar range. They represent promising lead candidates for the discovery of novel competitive cathepsin inhibitors with enhanced selectivity and potency. On the other hand, 4-quinolinones were noncompetitive inhibitors and N-arylanthranilic acids were uncompetitive inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emerson F Marques
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choi BW, Lee HS, Lee KB, Lee BH. Isolation of diacyl glycerol acyl transferase (DGAT) inhibitors from Pachydictyon coriaceum. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1041-5. [PMID: 21254273 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological inhibition of acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) has emerged as a target for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chromatographic analysis of the brown alga, Pachydictyon coriaceum, led to the isolation of diterpene dictyol E and hydroxyisocrenulatin. Pharmacological assay of these compounds demonstrated DGAT inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 46.0 μM and 23.3 μM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Wook Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Hanbat National University, Dukmyung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Identification of diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitors from Rosa centifolia petals. Lipids 2011; 46:691-700. [PMID: 21538210 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the final step of triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, and is considered as a potential target to control hypertriglyceridemia or other metabolic disorders. In this study, we found that the extract of rose petals suppressed TAG synthesis in cultured cells, and that the extract showed DGAT inhibitory action in a dose-dependent manner. Fractionation of the rose extract revealed that the DGAT inhibitory substances in the extract were ellagitannins; among them rugosin B, and D, and eusupinin A inhibited DGAT activity by 96, 82, and 84% respectively, at 10 μM. These substances did not inhibit the activities of other hepatic microsomal enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase and HMG-CoA reductase, or pancreatic lipase, suggesting that ellagitannins inhibit DGAT preferentially. In an oral fat load test using mice, postprandial plasma TAG increase was suppressed by rose extract; TAG levels 2 h after the fat load were significantly lower in mice administered a fat emulsion containing rose extract than in control mice (446.3 ± 33.1 vs 345.3 ± 25.0 mg/dL, control vs rose extract group; P < 0.05). These results suggest that rose ellagitannins or rose extract could be beneficial in controlling lipid metabolism and used to improve metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang TY, Wu JB, Hwang TL, Kuo YH, Chen JJ. A new quinolone and other constituents from the fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum: effects on neutrophil pro-inflammatory responses. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:1828-34. [PMID: 20658672 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum is widely used in healthcare products for the improvement of blood circulation, headache, abdominal pain, amenorrhea, chill limbs, migraine, and nausea. A new quinolone, 2-[(6Z,9Z)-pentadeca-6,9-dienyl]quinolin-4(1H)-one (1), has been isolated from the fruits of T. ruticarpum, together with eleven known compounds. The structure of the new compound was determined by NMR and MS analyses. Rutaecarpine (4), evodiamine (5), and skimmianine (7) exhibited inhibition (IC(50) < or = 20.9 microM) of O2(.-) generation by human neutrophils in response to N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). In addition, 1, evocarpine (2), 4, 7, and evodol (8) inhibited fMLP/CB-induced elastase release with IC(50) values < or =14.4 microM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ying Wang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Matsuda D, Tomoda H. Triazolo compounds useful as diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 inhibitor - WO2009126624. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1097-102. [PMID: 20509774 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.493877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of triacylglycerol in adipocytes causes obesity. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the final reaction of triacylglycerol synthesis. Two isozymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, have been reported, and DGAT1 is considered a potential therapeutic target of inhibition for obesity control. Patent WO2009126624 proposes 69 new triazolopyridine compounds as DGAT1 inhibitors by Bristol-Myers Squibb. The inhibitory activity of these triazolopyridine compounds was assessed in an enzyme assay using microsomal fractions prepared from human DGAT1-expressing insect cells. Among them, four derivatives inhibited DGAT activity with IC(50) values of < 0.1 microM.
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Choi JH, Choi JN, Lee SY, Lee SJ, Kim K, Kim YK. Inhibitory activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferase by glabrol isolated from the roots of licorice. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:237-42. [PMID: 20195824 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes triglyceride synthesis in the glycerol phosphate pathway. It has relations with the excess supply and accumulation of triglycerides. Therefore, DGAT inhibitors may act as a potential therapy for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Five flavonoids were isolated from the ethanol extracts of licorice roots, using an in vitro DGAT inhibitory assay. One isoprenyl flavonoid showed most potential inhibition of DGAT on five flavonoids (1-5). On the basis of spectral evidences, the compound was identified as glabrol (5). Compound 5 inhibited rat liver microsomal DGAT activity with an IC50 value of 8.0 microM, but the IC50 value for four flavonoids (1-4) was more than 100 microM. In addition, glabrol showed a noncompetitive type of inhibition against DGAT. These data suggest that potential therapy for the treatment in obesity and type 2 diabetes patients by licorice roots might be related with its DGAT inhibitory effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Choi
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung 529-851, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee SW, Chang JS, Lim JH, Kim MS, Park SJ, Jeong HJ, Kim MS, Lee WS, Rho MC. Quinolone Alkaloids from Evodiae fructus Inhibit LFA-1/ICAM-1-mediated Cell Adhesion. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
22
|
Park HR, Yoo MY, Seo JH, Kim IS, Kim NY, Kang JY, Cui L, Lee CS, Lee CH, Lee HS. Sesquiterpenoids isolated from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara L. inhibit diacylglycerol acyltransferase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10493-10497. [PMID: 18937486 DOI: 10.1021/jf801978r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), which is a key enzyme in triglyceride synthesis in eukaryotic organisms, has been proposed as one of the drug targets for treating obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Bioassay-guided fractionation of EtOH extract of the flower buds of Tussilago farfara , using an in vitro DGAT enzyme assay, resulted in the isolation of four known sesquiterpenoids, tussilagonone (1), tussilagone (2), 7beta-(3-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1alpha-(2-methylbutyryloxy)-3,14-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone (3), and 8-angeloylxy-3,4-epoxy-bisabola-7(14),10-dien-2-one (4). DGAT1 inhibitory activity was studied by in vitro DGAT assay using rat liver microsomes and HepG2 cell microsomes. They showed DGAT1 inhibition with IC(50) values of 99.2 (1), 18.8 (2), 47.0 (3), and 211.1 (4) microM (for rat liver microsomes) and >1 mM (1), 49.1 (2), 160.7 (3), and 294.4 (4) microM (for HepG2 cell microsomes), respectively. Compound 2 showed the most potent inhibition against microsomal DGAT1 derived from rat liver and human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and also significantly inhibited triglyceride synthesis by suppressing incorporation of [(14)C]acetate or [(14)C]glycerol into triglycerides in HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that tussilagone is a potential lead compound in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ran Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
da Silva MFDGF, Soares MS, Fernandes JB, Vieria PC. Alkyl, aryl, alkylarylquinoline, and related alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2008; 64:139-214. [PMID: 18085331 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(07)64004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The Rutaceae continues to be the primary source of new alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones. In the past 17 years, the overall distribution of these alkaloid types within the family has changed little since the chemosystematics reviews by Waterman (270), Mester (40), and da Silva et al. (279). Alkylquinolones dominate the reported isolations with about 51% of the total, with arylquinolones (16%), alkylquinolines (15%), alkylarylquinolines (11%), arylquinolines (3%), alkylarylquinolones (2%), and quinolines (2%) as the significant structural groups contributing to the remainder of this class of alkaloids. The alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/one alkaloids occur in 50 species belonging to 24 genera and 6 subfamilies. Despite the intensive chemical exploration of many species from other plants in the Rutales family, but not in the family Rutaceae, the first alkaloid alkylquinolone from a simaroubaceous plant (160) was not reported until 1997. Although many additional alkaloids have been reported, some of new structural types (Bo.4), substantial biosynthetic work on plant-derived alkylquinolin/ones has not yet been carried out. The biosynthesis of some of these alkaloids in bacteria was firmly established as being derived from anthranilic acid. Outside of the Rutales, alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones have not been found, except for simple quinoline (A.1; only one) and 2-methylquinoline derivatives in the Zygophyllaceae, and only an atypical quinolone derivative (Ao.1) in the Asteraceae family. A few 3-phenylquinolines (2), 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline (1), and quinoline-quinazoline (1) alkaloids have been reported from only a single genus in the Zygophyllaceae. Tryptophan-derived quinolines in higher plants are confined to a few 2-carboxylicquinolin/ones (6) and 4-carbaldehydequinolines (5); the former found in the Ephedraceae (5), Boraginaceae (1), Fagaceae (1), Ginkgoaceae (1), Plumbaginaceae (1), Solanaceae (1), and Apiaceae (1), and the latter in the Moraceae (3), Alliaceae (1), and Pontederiacae (1). The number of quinolones derived from glycine and a polyketide is also limited. 5-Alkyl-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-ones (8) occur in the Euphorbiaceae, and 5-alkyaryl-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-ones ((3) in the Sterculiaceae. Alkylquinolin/ones are well-known as typical alkaloids of three Proteobacteria and three Actinobacteria; the genus Pseudomonas yielded the majority (46%) of the total number of alkaloids reported (39). 2-Carboxylicquinolin/ones (4) and 4-carbaldehydequinolines (6) are minor constituents in both divisions of bacteria. More interesting are the quinolactacins (7), in which the second nitrogen is derived from L-valine or L-isoleucine, recently reported to occur only in the fungus Penicillium. Many of these diverse alkaloids have served directly as medicines or as lead compounds for the synthesis (258) of derivatives with an improved biological profile. It is apparent from the summary view of the alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones reported in the Rutaceae that they help to confirm the affinity between Rutoideae tribes and provide firm support for placing the Spathelioideae and the Dictyolomatoideae close to the more primitive Zanthoxyleae tribe. On the other hand, the bacteria and fungi are needed for more substantial chemical studies. When more data become available, it is likely that useful systematic correlations will emerge. More detailed studies regarding the biosynthetic pathways of the alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones in the Rutaceae and in bacteria are needed. Such studies would clarify the differences in the pathways based on their derivation from anthranilic acid in bacteria and in rutaceous plants. Finally, this survey indicates that the Rutaceae, and various bacterial and fungal species offer considerable potential for the discovery of new or known alkaloids with significant and possibly valuable biological activities.
Collapse
|
24
|
Han XH, Hong SS, Lee D, Lee JJ, Lee MS, Moon DC, Han K, Oh KW, Lee MK, Ro JS, Hwang BY. Quinolone alkaloids from evodiae fructus and their inhibitory effects on monoamine oxidase. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:397-401. [PMID: 17489352 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
1-Methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone (1) was previously isolated as a selective MAO-B inhibitor from the Evodiae Fructus. Further bioassay-guided purification led to the identification of five known quinolone alkaloids, 1-methyl-2-nonyl-4(1H)-quinolone (2), 1-methyl-2-[(Z)-6-undecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (3), evocarpine (4), 1-methyl-2-[(6Z,9Z)-6,9-pentadecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (5), and dihydroevocarpine (6). All the isolates showed more potent inhibitory effects against MAO-B compared to MAO-A. The most MAO-B selective compound 5 among the isolates inhibited MAO-B in a competitive manner, according to kinetic analyses by Lineweaver-Burk reciprocal plots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hua Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dat NT, Cai XF, Rho MC, Lee HS, Bae K, Kim YH. The inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase by terpenoids fromYoungia koidzumiana. Arch Pharm Res 2005; 28:164-8. [PMID: 15789744 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The EtOAc extract of Youngia koidzumiana significantly inhibited the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) from rat liver microsomes. Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of nine compounds, the structures of which were established using physicochemical and spectral data. Of the isolated compounds, oleanolic acid (2), methyl ursolate (7) and corosolic aicd (8) inhibited DGAT, with IC50 values of 31.7, 26.4, and 44.3 microM, respectively. However, sesquiterpenoids showed only weak inhibitory effects toward DGAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tien Dat
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Quittnat F, Nishikawa Y, Stedman TT, Voelker DR, Choi JY, Zahn MM, Murphy RC, Barkley RM, Pypaert M, Joiner KA, Coppens I. On the biogenesis of lipid bodies in ancient eukaryotes: synthesis of triacylglycerols by a Toxoplasma DGAT1-related enzyme. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2004; 138:107-22. [PMID: 15500922 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the main stored neutral lipids are triacylglycerol and cholesteryl esters, which are produced by two related enzymes, acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), respectively. Very little is known about the metabolism, intracellular storage and function of neutral lipids in many pathogenic lower eukaryotes. In this paper, we have characterized the activity of an important triacylglycerol synthetic enzyme in the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. A full-length cDNA and gene encoding a T. gondii DGAT1-related enzyme were identified and designated TgDGAT1. The gene is composed of 15 exons and 14 introns, and encodes a protein with a predicted M(r) 63.5kDa, containing signature motifs characteristic of the DGAT1 family. The native protein migrates at 44kDa under reducing conditions. TgDGAT1 is an integral membrane protein localized to the parasite cortical and perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum, with the C-terminus oriented to the lumen of the organelle. When a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain lacking neutral lipid production is transformed with TgDGAT1 cDNA, a significant DGAT activity is reconstituted, resulting in triacylglycerol synthesis and biogenesis of cytosolic lipid inclusions, resembling lipid bodies in T. gondii. No production of steryl esters is observed upon TgDGAT1 expression in yeast. In contrast to human DGAT1 lacking fatty acid specificity, TgDGAT1 preferentially incorporates palmitate. Our results indicate that parasitic protozoa are also neutral lipid accumulators and illustrate the first example of the existence of a functional DGAT gene in an ancient eukaryote, demonstrating that diacylglycerol esterification is evolutionarily conserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Quittnat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 808 LCI, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208022, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|