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Worku T, Rehman ZU, Talpur HS, Bhattarai D, Ullah F, Malobi N, Kebede T, Yang L. MicroRNAs: New Insight in Modulating Follicular Atresia: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020333. [PMID: 28208755 PMCID: PMC5343868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the post-transcriptional mechanisms involved in follicular atresia is limited; however, an important development has been made in understanding the biological regulatory networks responsible for mediating follicular atresia. MicroRNAs have come to be seen as a key regulatory actor in determining cell fate in a wide range of tissues in normal and pathological processes. Profiling studies of miRNAs during follicular atresia and development have identified several putative miRNAs enriched in apoptosis signaling pathways. Subsequent in vitro and/or in vivo studies of granulosa cells have elucidated the functional role of some miRNAs along with their molecular pathways. In particular, the regulatory roles of some miRNAs have been consistently observed during studies of follicular cellular apoptosis. Continued work should gradually lead to better understanding of the role of miRNAs in this field. Ultimately, we expect this understanding will have substantial benefits for fertility management at both the in vivo or/and in vitro levels. The stable nature of miRNA holds remarkable promise in clinical use as a diagnostic tool and in reproductive medicine to solve the ever-increasing fertility problem. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the involvement of miRNAs in follicular atresia, discuss the challenges for further work and pinpoint areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Worku
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hira Sajjad Talpur
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dinesh Bhattarai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Farman Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ngabu Malobi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Education Ministry of China, College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tesfaye Kebede
- Departments of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Cao R, Wu W, Zhou X, Liu K, Li B, Huang X, Zhang Y, Liu H. Let-7g induces granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting MAP3K1 in the porcine ovary. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 68:148-57. [PMID: 26299328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Follicular atresia mainly results from apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs). Our previous microRNA array data indicated that the miRNA let-7g level increases significantly during porcine ovary follicular atresia. It is uncertain if GCs apoptosis is mediated by microRNA let-7g. In this study, the expression levels of the apoptosis-associated genes CASP3, BAX and BIM were significantly upregulated when let-7g mimic was transfected into porcine GCs, and the anti-apoptotic genes BCL-2 and MCL-1 were significantly downregulated. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry, and our results indicated that let-7g significantly enhanced GCs apoptosis. In further studies, we found that overexpression of let-7g induced the expression of FoxO1 in GCs and led to nuclear accumulation of dephosphorylated FoxO1. In addition, the effect of let-7g on FoxO1 expression and dephosphorylation resulted from repression of the expression of the MAP3K1 gene in porcine GCs. The site on MAP3K1 mRNA targeted by let-7g was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. The anti-apoptotic effect of MAP3K1 was validated by silencing MAP3K1 using small interfering RNA technology. In conclusion, our data indicate that let-7g induces porcine GCs apoptosis by inhibiting the MAP3K1 gene, which promotes FoxO1 expression and dephosphorylation with nuclear accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wangjun Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kaiqing Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bojiang Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xianju Huang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Lin F, Li R, Pan ZX, Zhou B, Yu DB, Wang XG, Ma XS, Han J, Shen M, Liu HL. miR-26b promotes granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting ATM during follicular atresia in porcine ovary. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38640. [PMID: 22737216 PMCID: PMC3380909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 99% of ovarian follicles undergo atresia in mammals, but the mechanism of follicular atresia remains to be elucidated. In this study, we explored microRNA (miRNA) regulation of follicular atresia in porcine ovary. A miRNA expression profile was constructed for healthy, early atretic, and progressively atretic follicles, and the differentially expressed miRNAs were selected and analyzed. We found that miR-26b, which was upregulated during follicular atresia, increased the number of DNA breaks and promoted granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene directly in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeng xiang Pan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - De bing Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu guang Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue shan Ma
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong lin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Parborell F, Abramovich D, Irusta G, Tesone M. Angiopoietin 1 reduces rat follicular atresia mediated by apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 343:79-87. [PMID: 21704119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the local inhibition of ANGPT1 on steroid production, proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian follicular cells and on the PI3K/AKT pathway. We also examined the effect of ANGPTs on follicular cell apoptosis and proliferation in early antral follicles (EAFs) in culture. Follicular cells expressing PCNA decreased after ANGPT1 Ab treatment. Moreover, ANGPT1 inhibition increased the levels of active caspase 3 and androsterone, but decreased estradiol, AKT phosphorylation and the area of smooth muscle cell actin. In cultured EAFs from prepubertal rats treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES), ANGPT1 increased PCNA and decreased apoptosis while ANGPT2 reversed these effects. These results show that ANGPT1 alters steroidogenesis, reduces ovarian apoptosis, and stimulates cell proliferation in antral follicles. ANGPT1 may exert these roles by regulating ovarian vascular stability and/or by a direct effect on follicular cells, possibly involving the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Parborell
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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JAROENPORN S, HORII Y, AKIEDA-ASAI S, WANG K, NAGAOKA K, OHTA R, SHIROTA M, WATANABE G, TAYA K. Endocrine Mechanisms Responsible for Different Follicular Development During the Estrous Cycle in Hatano High- and Low-avoidance Rats. J Reprod Dev 2011; 57:690-9. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.10-160s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya JAROENPORN
- Primate Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yasuyuki HORII
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Sayaka AKIEDA-ASAI
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - KaiMing WANG
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kentaro NAGAOKA
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryo OHTA
- Division of Toxicology, Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa 257-8523, Japan
| | - Mariko SHIROTA
- Laboratory of Comparative Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa 229-8501, Japan
| | - Gen WATANABE
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi TAYA
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Parborell F, Abramovich D, Tesone M. Intrabursal Administration of the Antiangiopoietin 1 Antibody Produces a Delay in Rat Follicular Development Associated with an Increase in Ovarian Apoptosis Mediated by Changes in the Expression of BCL2 Related Genes1. Biol Reprod 2008; 78:506-13. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.063610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Giampietro F, Sancilio S, Tiboni GM, Rana RA, Di Pietro R. Levels of apoptosis in human granulosa cells seem to be comparable after therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or antagonist. Fertil Steril 2006; 85:412-9. [PMID: 16595220 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Revised: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare levels of apoptosis in granulosa cells from women treated with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist triptorelin or the GnRH antagonist cetrorelix. DESIGN Randomized, prospective study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Thirty-two women undergoing assisted reproduction techniques after ovulation induction with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plus GnRH agonist or antagonist. INTERVENTION(S) Granulosa cells were isolated from follicular aspirates after oocyte removal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Apoptosis was assessed with Annexin V binding assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, flow cytometric analysis of DNA, and ultrastructural analysis of cell morphology in transmission electron microscopy. Serum and follicular hormonal levels were also determined. RESULT(S) Annexin V binding and TUNEL assays revealed comparable percentages of apoptosis in the two groups under investigation. Analysis of DNA histograms revealed a similar cell cycle distribution in the two groups. Ultrastructural analysis only occasionally displayed patterns of chromatin margination in apoptotic cells. The mean concentrations of all the follicular fluid steroid hormones evaluated (E2, T, and P) were significantly lower in the GnRH antagonist-treated group. CONCLUSION(S) Therapy with a GnRH agonist or antagonist is associated with comparable levels of apoptosis in granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Giampietro
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Park DW, Cho T, Kim MR, Kim YA, Min CK, Hwang KJ. ATP-induced apoptosis of human granulosa luteal cells cultured in vitro. Fertil Steril 2003; 80:993-1002. [PMID: 14556823 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(03)01118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of extracellular adenosine triphosphatase (ATP) as an inducer of apoptotic cell death in human granulosa cells and to elucidate its underlying mechanism. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Gynecologic clinic and human reproduction research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Twenty-five patients undergoing IVF or IVF-ET. INTERVENTION(S) ATP treatment of granulosa luteal cells subjected to primary culture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Apoptosis was assessed by the annexin V binding assay and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labeling assay. The receptor type that binds ATP, thus mediating ATP-induced apoptosis, was determined by using the calcium imaging and patch-clamp techniques. Mitochondrial depolarization was assessed by staining with the membrane potential-sensitive dye 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'- tetraethylbenzimidazolyl carbocyanide iodide (JC-1). RESULT(S) ATP elevated [Ca(2+)](i) by mobilizing intracellularly stored Ca(2+). An ionic membrane current evoked by ATP was mediated by the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel. ATP induced a mitochondrial depolarization with a concomitant increase in cellular apoptosis. Treatment with hCG eliminated both ATP-induced mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis. CONCLUSION(S) Extracellular ATP recognized by P(2Y) type purinoceptor triggers apoptosis in human granulosa luteal cells, and the downstream apoptotic cascade may act at least in part through mitochondria. The antiapoptotic effect of hCG has possible clinical implications in the treatment of disorders involving granulosa cell degeneration (such as follicular atresia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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Chamoun D, Choi D, Tavares AB, Udoff LC, Levitas E, Resnick CE, Rosenfeld RG, Adashi EY. Regulation of granulosa cell-derived insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs): role for protein kinase-C in the pre- and posttranslational modulation of IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5. Biol Reprod 2002; 67:1003-12. [PMID: 12193414 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.101.001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of information suggests antigonadotropic and atretogenic roles for granulosa cell-derived insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) 4 and 5 during ovarian folliculogenesis. Activation of protein kinase-A (PKA) in rat granulosa cells has been shown to modulate the relative expression of IGFBP-4 and -5 transcripts and proteins. In this article, we assess the role of protein kinase-C (PKC) in this regard. Provision of granulosa cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (but not 4alphaPMA, an inert analogue), a tumor-promoting phorbol ester and an established activator of PKC, was without significant effect on the expression of IGFBP-4 transcripts but resulted in biphasic dose-dependent alterations in IGFBP-5 transcripts and in the accumulation of the IGFBP-4 and -5 proteins. Comparable effects were noted for GnRH, an established PKC agonist. Provision of staurosporine, a potent inhibitor of the catalytic subunit of PKC, produced significant dose-dependent decrements in the relative expression of IGFBP-5 transcripts. Treatment with FSH (presumptively PKA-mediated) markedly attenuated the ability of PMA or GnRH to upregulate the accumulation of the IGFBP-5 (but not IGFBP-4) protein. Taken together, our present findings indicate that the modulation of rat ovarian IGFBP-4 and -5 is PKC as well as PKA dependent and that these two signaling pathways interact in a diametrically opposed and antagonistic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diran Chamoun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Cataldo NA, Dumesic DA, Goldsmith PC, Jaffe RB. Immunolocalization of Fas and Fas ligand in the ovaries of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship to apoptosis. Hum Reprod 2000; 15:1889-97. [PMID: 10966981 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/15.9.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Fas (APO-1, CD95), an apoptosis-inducing receptor, and its ligand, Fas ligand (FasL, CD95L), have been localized to the ovary. Granulosa cell apoptosis occurs in antral follicular atresia. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), antral follicles accumulate with some atretic features. The ovarian expression of Fas and FasL was examined in PCOS by immunohistochemistry and correlated with immunodetection of apoptotic cells. Fas immunostaining was present in pre-antral follicle oocytes, some primary and secondary pre-antral follicle granulosa cells, and both granulosa and theca of antral follicles. Thecal staining persisted with advancing atresia, while granulosa staining declined. In antral follicles, abundant Fas-positive cells co-localized with scattered nuclei immunopositive for apoptosis. Ovarian vascular myocytes were strongly Fas-immunopositive. FasL immunostaining was present in pre-antral follicles in oocytes and variably in granulosa. In antral follicles, granulosa and thecal FasL staining increased with advancing atresia. Normal control ovaries showed follicular Fas and FasL staining patterns similar to those in PCOS, but vascular staining was less prominent. In one healthy follicle, Fas immunostaining was seen in the oocyte and weakly in mural granulosa and theca interna. The results suggest that in PCOS, an alteration in Fas-mediated apoptosis, does not cause abnormal folliculogenesis, but may promote ovarian vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cataldo
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0556, USA.
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Lail-Trecker MR, Peluso CE, Peluso JJ. Hepatocyte growth factor disrupts cell contact and stimulates an increase in type 3 inositol triphosphate receptor expression, intracellular calcium levels, and apoptosis of rat ovarian surface epithelial cells. Endocrine 2000; 12:303-14. [PMID: 10963052 DOI: 10.1385/endo:12:3:303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/1999] [Revised: 02/18/2000] [Accepted: 02/23/2000] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present studies revealed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) disrupts cell contact, increases both type 3 IP3 receptor and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels and induces apoptosis of rat ovarian surface epithelial cells (ROSE-179 cells). Type 3 IP3 receptor was only increased in cells that lost cell contact. Disrupting cell contact by depleting extracellular calcium (Ca2+) also resulted in an increase in [Ca2+]i levels and an increase in apoptosis. These responses were prevented by the addition of 0.7 mM Ca2+. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide prevented apoptosis that resulted from Ca2+ removal. In situ hybridization studies revealed that type 3 IP3 receptor was expressed at relatively low levels by ROSE-179 cells cultured with Ca2+ but at high levels in the absence of Ca2+. ROSE-179 cells cultured in Ca2+-free medium with type 3 IP3 receptor antisense oligonucleotide lost cell contact but did not show an increase in either type 3 IP3 receptor protein, [Ca2+]i, or apoptosis. The nonsense oligonucleotide did not alter these responses to Ca2+ removal. Thus, the disruption of cell contact by either HGF or Ca2+ depletion increases the expression of type 3 IP3 receptor, which causes an increase in [Ca2+]i and the apoptotic death of ROSE-179 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Lail-Trecker
- Department of Physiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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12
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Abstract
Apoptosis is an essential physiological process by which multicellular organisms eliminate superfluous cells. An expanding family of Bcl-2 proteins plays a pivotal role in the decision step of apoptosis, and the differential expression of Bcl-2 members and their binding proteins allows the regulation of apoptosis in a tissue-specific manner mediated by diverse extra- and intracellular signals. The Bcl-2 proteins can be divided into three subgroups: 1) antiapoptotic proteins with multiple Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains and a transmembrane region, 2) proapoptotic proteins with the same structure but missing the BH4 domain, and 3) proapoptotic ligands with only the BH3 domain. In the mammalian ovary, a high rate of follicular cell apoptosis continues during reproductive life. With the use of the yeast two-hybrid system, the characterization of ovarian Bcl-2 genes serves as a paradigm to understand apoptosis regulation in a tissue-specific manner. We identified Mcl-1 as the main ovarian antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein, the novel Bok (Bcl-2-related ovarian killer) as the proapoptotic protein, as well as BOD (Bcl-2-related ovarian death agonist) and BAD as the proapoptotic ligands. The activity of the proapoptotic ligand BAD is regulated by upstream follicle survival factors through its binding to constitutively expressed 14-3-3 or hormone-induced P11. In contrast, the channel-forming Mcl-1 and Bok regulate cytochrome c release and, together with the recently discovered Diva/Boo, control downstream apoptosis-activating factor (Apaf)-1 homologs and caspases. Elucidation of the role of Bcl-2 members and their interacting proteins in the tissue-specific regulation of apoptosis could facilitate an understanding of normal physiology and allow the development of new therapeutic approaches for pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Hsu
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5317, USA
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McGee EA, Chun SY, Lai S, He Y, Hsueh AJ. Keratinocyte growth factor promotes the survival, growth, and differentiation of preantral ovarian follicles. Fertil Steril 1999; 71:732-8. [PMID: 10202888 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of treatment with keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) on the survival of cells in cultured preantral follicles and on the growth and differentiation of preantral follicles. DESIGN Preantral follicles (140-150 microm) were dissected mechanically from the ovaries of 14-day-old rats and cultured for 24 hours with and without KGF. Genomic DNA was extracted, labeled with [32P]-dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, and fractionated through agarose gels. For growth studies, the follicles were cultured individually in 96-well dishes. After 72 hours, the follicles were collected and their protein or DNA content was evaluated and their inhibin-alpha content was determined. RESULT(S) Keratinocyte growth factor suppressed apoptosis in cultured preantral follicles by 60%. Treatment with KGF or FSH increased follicle diameter by 8% and 16%, respectively, and combined treatment with KGF and FSH increased follicle diameter by 26%. Western blot analysis demonstrated increased expression of inhibin-alpha content after treatment with KGF (2-fold), treatment with FSH (4-fold), and combined treatment with FSH and KGF (12-fold), demonstrating the effect of KGF on preantral follicle differentiation. CONCLUSION(S) Treatment with KGF promotes the survival, growth, and differentiation of cultured preantral follicles. Keratinocyte growth factor produced by theca cells may play a role in the progression of early follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A McGee
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
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