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Hong D, Choi KH, Ahn CM, Yu CW, Park IH, Jang WJ, Kim HJ, Bae JW, Kwon SU, Lee HJ, Lee WS, Jeong JO, Park SD, Park TK, Lee JM, Song YB, Hahn JY, Choi SH, Gwon HC, Yang JH. Clinical significance of residual ischaemia in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock undergoing venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2024; 13:525-534. [PMID: 38701179 DOI: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Although culprit-only revascularization during the index procedure has been recommended in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS), the reduction in residual ischaemia is also emphasized to improve clinical outcomes. However, few data are available about the significance of residual ischaemia in patients undergoing mechanical circulatory supports. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of residual ischaemia on clinical outcomes in patients with AMI undergoing venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with AMI with multivessel disease who underwent VA-ECMO due to refractory CS were pooled from the RESCUE and SMC-ECMO registries. The included patients were classified into three groups according to residual ischaemia evaluated using the residual Synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score (rSS): rSS = 0, 0 < rSS ≤ 8, and rSS > 8. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause death. A total of 408 patients were classified into the rSS = 0 (n = 100, 24.5%), 0 < rSS ≤ 8 (n = 136, 33.3%), and rSS > 8 (n = 172, 42.2%) groups. The cumulative incidence of the primary outcome differed significantly according to rSS (33.9 vs. 55.4 vs. 66.1% for rSS = 0, 0 < rSS ≤ 8, and rSS > 8, respectively, overall P < 0.001). In a multivariable model, rSS was independently associated with the risk of 1-year all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.05, P = 0.003). Conversely, the baseline SYNTAX score was not associated with the risk of the primary outcome. Furthermore, when patients were stratified by rSS, the primary outcome did not differ significantly between the high and low delta SYNTAX score groups. CONCLUSION In patients with AMI with refractory CS who underwent VA-ECMO, residual ischaemia was associated with an increased risk of 1-year mortality. Future studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of revascularization strategies to minimize residual ischaemia in patients with CS supported with VA-ECMO. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION REtrospective and Prospective Observational Study to Investigate Clinical oUtcomes and Efficacy of Left Ventricular Assist Device for Korean Patients With Cardiogenic Shock (RESCUE), NCT02985008.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Ki Hong Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Chul-Min Ahn
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Woong Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik Hyun Park
- Department of Cardiology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Jang
- Department of Cardiology, Ewha Woman's University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Woman's University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joong Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang-Whan Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung Uk Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, University of Inje College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Wang Soo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Jeong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Don Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Taek Kyu Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Joo Myung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Young Bin Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Joo-Yong Hahn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyuk Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
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Sheikh O, Nguyen T, Bansal S, Prasad A. Acute kidney injury in cardiogenic shock: A comprehensive review. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 98:E91-E105. [PMID: 32725874 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an ominous predictor of mortality in cardiogenic shock. The present review examines the pathophysiology of AKI in cardiogenic shock (CS), summarizes the pertinent literature including the diagnostic criteria/definitions for AKI and possible role of biomarkers, and identifies risk factors and possible therapeutic interventions for AKI in CS. Our review finds that AKI is common in patients with CS and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Urinary biomarkers of renal tubular injury appear more sensitive for detection of AKI but have yet to be incorporated into daily practice. Emerging data would suggest vasopressor choices, mechanical circulatory support, and renal replacement therapy may have important therapeutic roles in the management of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sheikh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Tung Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shweta Bansal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anand Prasad
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Combes A, Price S, Slutsky AS, Brodie D. Temporary circulatory support for cardiogenic shock. Lancet 2020; 396:199-212. [PMID: 32682486 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiogenic shock can occur due to acute ischaemic or non-ischaemic cardiac events, or from progression of long-standing underlying heart disease. When addressing the cause of underlying disease, the management of cardiogenic shock consists of vasopressors and inotropes; however, these agents can increase myocardial oxygen consumption, impair tissue perfusion, and are frequently ineffective. An alternative approach is to temporarily augment cardiac output using mechanical devices. The use of these devices-known as temporary circulatory support systems-has increased substantially in recent years, despite being expensive, resource intensive, associated with major complications, and lacking high-quality evidence to support their use. This Review summarises the physiological basis underlying the use of temporary circulatory support for cardiogenic shock, reviews the evidence informing indications and contraindications, addresses ethical considerations, and highlights the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Combes
- Sorbonne Université, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Höpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Höpitaux de Paris, Institut de Cardiologie, Paris, France.
| | - Susanna Price
- Adult Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Brodie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Centre for Acute Respiratory Failure, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Joshi FR, Pedersen F, Räder S, Raunsø J, Kjaergaard J, Lindholm M, Hassager C, Engstrøm T, Holmvang L, Helqvist S, Jørgensen E. Jeopardized Myocardium and Survival in Patients Presenting to the Catheterization Laboratory With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Shock. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2020; 21:843-848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yeoh J, Andrianopoulos N, Reid CM, Yudi MB, Hamilton G, Freeman M, Noaman S, Oqueli E, Picardo S, Brennan A, Chan W, Stub D, Duffy S, Farouque O, Ajani A, Clark DJ. Long-term outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention to an unprotected left main coronary artery in cardiogenic shock. Int J Cardiol 2020; 308:20-25. [PMID: 32192748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cardiogenic shock with severe left main coronary artery stenosis (LM), limited information exists on short and longer-term outcomes. We sought to determine the outcomes of unprotected LM PCI in cardiogenic shock. METHODS Excluding patients with previous CABG, consecutive patients undergoing PCI in cardiogenic shock from the Melbourne Intervention Group registry between 2005 and 2013 were analysed. Those post LM PCI were compared to those post non-LM PCI. Patient and procedural data were collected with 30-day and 12-month follow-up. Australian National Death Index linkage was performed for long-term mortality analysis. RESULTS After excluding previous CABG, 18,069 procedures were performed during 1st January 2005 to 30th November 2013, 601 procedures in the setting of cardiogenic shock. Of these, 45 were performed to an isolated LM and 556 to a non-LM. Those with LM PCI were older and more likely to have a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of <45%. The in-hospital, 30-day, 12-month and long-term mortality to 9 years in cardiogenic shock after LM PCI was 64.4%, 66.7%, 73.3% and 80.0% compared to 36.5%, 36.9%, 40.5% and 46.0%, after non-LM PCI (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, LM PCI was a significant independent predictor of long-term mortality (HR1.59, 95%CI 1.00-2.53, p = 0.048). Landmark analysis of survivors to discharge found the long-term mortality of LM PCI approaches 60% compared to 27% for those with non-LM PCI (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Long-term outcomes after PCI to LM in cardiogenic shock are poor, with much of the excess in mortality occurring early. However, reasonable long-term survival was found beyond the initial high-risk period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Yeoh
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nick Andrianopoulos
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matias B Yudi
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Garry Hamilton
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melaine Freeman
- Department of Cardiology, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samer Noaman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ernesto Oqueli
- Department of Cardiology, Ballarat Base Hospital, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Sandra Picardo
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Brennan
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William Chan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dion Stub
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Duffy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Omar Farouque
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Ajani
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David J Clark
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Culprit-Only or Complete Revascularization for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients with and Without Shock. Interv Cardiol Clin 2020; 8:225-234. [PMID: 30832944 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with multivessel disease and without shock are a common clinical entity, but the best approach to nonculprit vessel lesions remains controversial. In contrast, STEMI patients with shock do not appear to benefit from primary multivessel percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) during the index procedure. The optimal treatment strategy in a given STEMI patient involves an individualized approach, incorporating clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic/imaging parameters. Patients with STEMI and cardiogenic shock may benefit from therapies other than PCI, such as mechanical cardiovascular support.
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Abstract
The epidemics of heart failure and, to a lesser extent, of pulmonary arterial hypertension continue unabated worldwide and are extremely costly in terms of loss of life and earnings, as well as the burden of health-care expenditure due to repeated hospitalization. The effectiveness of newly discovered therapies for the two conditions depends on their timely application. To date, symptoms have been used to guide the application and timing of therapy. Compelling evidence now exists that symptoms are preceded by several metabolic and haemodynamic changes, particularly a rise in intravascular pressures during exercise. These observations have stimulated the development of several implantable devices for the detection of impending unstable heart failure or pulmonary arterial hypertension, necessitating admission to hospital. In this Review, we summarize the rationale for monitoring patients with heart failure or pulmonary arterial hypertension, the transition from noninvasive to implantable devices and the current and anticipated clinical uses of these devices.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Temporary circulatory support (TCS) with short-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices is increasingly used as a salvage therapy for patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. This article provides an overview of current devices, their indications and management, and discusses results of recent case series and trials. RECENT FINDINGS Percutaneous active MCS devices (Impella, TandemHeart…) and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) are utilized as a bridge to 'decision' that includes weaning after cardiac function recovery, transplantation, long-term MCS and withdrawal in case of futility. VA-ECMO is considered the first-line TCS since it allows rapid improvement in oxygenation, is less expensive, and is also suitable for patients with biventricular failure. Combining Impella or intra-aortic balloon pump support with ECMO might decrease left ventricular pressure and improve outcomes. Sepsis-associated cardiomyopathy, massive pulmonary embolism, arrhythmic storm and Takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy are among emerging indications for TCS. SUMMARY TCS have become the cornerstone of the management of patients with cardiogenic shock, although the evidence supporting their efficacy is limited. VA-ECMO is considered the first-line option, with a growing number of accepted and emerging indications. Randomized clinical trials are now needed to determine the respective place of different MCS devices in cardiogenic shock treatment strategies.
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Wagner J, Tiller C, Dietl M, Ulmer H, Brenner C, Stastny L, Sommerauer F, Mair P, Ruttmann E. Extracorporeal Life Support in Myocardial Infarction-Induced Cardiogenic Shock: Weaning Success. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 108:1383-1390. [PMID: 31175870 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcome data of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-induced cardiogenic shock (CS) receiving extracorporeal life support (ECLS) are sparse. METHODS A consecutive series of 106 patients with AMI-induced CS receiving ECLS was evaluated regarding ECLS weaning success, hospital mortality, and long-term outcome. The Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II (IABP-SHOCK II) risk score was applied, and multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed. RESULTS Mean patient age was 58.2 ± 11.2 years, and 78.3% were men. In 34 patients (32.1%), ECLS was implemented during ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. De novo AMI was present in 58 patients (54.7%), and percutaneous coronary intervention complications were causative among 48 patients (45.3%). Multivessel coronary artery disease was diagnosed among 73.6% with mean Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) scores of 30.8 ± 4.8. Actuarial survival was 54.4% at 30 days, 42.2% at 1 year, and 38.0% at 5 years and was significantly higher among patients with low and intermediate IABP-SHOCK II risk scores at ECLS onset (log-rank P = .017). ECLS weaning with curative intention after a mean perfusion time of 6.6 ± 5.1 days was feasible in 51 patients (48.1%) and more likely among patients with complete revascularization (P = .026). Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified complete revascularization (hazard ratio, 2.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 5.1; P = .028) and absence of relevant mitral regurgitation at ECLS discontinuation (hazard ratio, 2.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 6.0; P = .014) to be associated with beneficial long-term survival after ECLS discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Emergency ECLS is a valuable option among patients with AMI-induced CS with low and intermediate IABP-SHOCK II risk scores. ECLS weaning is manageable, but additional revascularization of all nonculprit lesions is mandatory after ECLS implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Wagner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Tiller
- Department of Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marion Dietl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Brenner
- Department of Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Stastny
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Sommerauer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Mair
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elfriede Ruttmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Souza Júnior JMD, Kulchetscki RM, Linhares Filho JPP, Lima EG, Serrano Junior CV. CULPRIT-SHOCK study. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019; 64:783-786. [PMID: 30672997 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.09.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction concomitant with the presence of multivessel disease has been studied in several recent studies with the purpose of defining the need, as well as the best moment to approach residual lesions. However, such studies included only stable patients. The best therapeutic approach to cardiogenic shock secondary to acute coronary syndrome, however, remains controversial, but there are recommendations from specialists for revascularization that include non-event related injuries. Recently published, the CULPRIT-SHOCK study showed benefit of the initial approach only of the injury blamed for the acute event, in view of the multivessel percutaneous intervention, in the context of cardiogenic shock. In this perspective, the authors discuss the work in question, regarding methodological questions, limitations and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Melo Kulchetscki
- . Cardiology Residents of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Gomes Lima
- . Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (MI-CS) is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Predictors of outcomes in MI-CS include clinical, laboratory, radiologic variables, and management strategies. This article reviews the existing literature on short- and long-term predictors and risk stratification in MI complicated by CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Acharya
- From the Section of Advanced Heart Failure, Mechanical Circulatory Support, and Pulmonary Vascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Patel H, Nazeer H, Yager N, Schulman-Marcus J. Cardiogenic Shock: Recent Developments and Significant Knowledge Gaps. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2018; 20:15. [PMID: 29478105 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-018-0606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) continue to have high rates of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to describe current principles in the management of CS including coronary revascularization, medical management, mechanical circulatory support, and supportive care. RECENT FINDINGS Revascularization is still recommended, but trials have not found a benefit in the revascularization of nonculprit artery lesions. New mechanical circulatory support options are available, but optimal use remains uncertain. Overall improvement in outcomes appears to have plateaued. There remain substantial knowledge gaps about the management of CS. The ideal timing and selection criteria for mechanical support remain under-developed. There has been little systematic study to inform medical management or supportive care of this patient population. A more expansive research focus is necessary to improve the care of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiren Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-44, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Haider Nazeer
- Division of Cardiology, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-44, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Neil Yager
- Division of Cardiology, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-44, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Joshua Schulman-Marcus
- Division of Cardiology, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-44, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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