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Rathod R, Santra PK. Probing Chemical-Composition-Induced Heterostructures and Interfaces in Lead Halide Perovskites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12103-12117. [PMID: 36121436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites (LHP) are of great interest for their optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic applications. Various heterostructures are created in these materials to achieve favorable optical properties and improved stability at the interfaces during the fabrication of devices. Such heterostructures are often assumed to be formed based on the reactivity of precursors and are not directly probed. In this Feature Article, we report how various strategies have been employed in LHP thin films and nanocrystals (NCs) that generate heterostructures to boost their stability and photovoltaic (PV) efficiencies and how variable energy photoelectron spectroscopy (VEPES) can probe the chemical composition variation in heterostructured materials and interfaces. We specifically discussed the internal heterostructures of LHP NCs generated due to the surface chemistry and postsynthesis anion exchange followed by a detailed discussion of the heterostructures induced by the chemical composition (anion, cation, and degradation) of LHP thin films. The difficulties in determining heterostructures as well as the potential scope of the application of VEPES in unwrapping heterostructures in diverse materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Rathod
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS), Arkavathi, Bengaluru 562162, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Pralay K Santra
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS), Arkavathi, Bengaluru 562162, India
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2
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Cortés-Villena A, Galian RE. Present and Perspectives of Photoactive Porous Composites Based on Semiconductor Nanocrystals and Metal-Organic Frameworks. Molecules 2021; 26:5620. [PMID: 34577092 PMCID: PMC8471989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent developments in synthesis, properties, and applications of a relatively new family of photoactive porous composites, integrated by metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanocrystals and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The synergy between the two systems has led to materials (MHP@MOF composites) with new functionalities along with improved properties and phase stability, thus broadening their applications in multiple areas of research such as sensing, light-harvesting solar cells, light-emitting device technology, encryption, and photocatalysis. The state of the art, recent progress, and most promising routes for future research on these photoactive porous composites are presented in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel E. Galian
- Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, c/ Cat. José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;
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Aamir M, Khan MD, Sher M, Bhosale SV, Malik MA, Akhtar J, Revaprasadu N. A Facile Route to Cesium Lead Bromoiodide Perovskite Microcrystals and Their Potential Application as Sensors for Nitrophenol Explosives. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamir
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zululand; Private Bag X1001 3886 Kwadlangezwa South Africa
- Department of Chemistry; Allama Iqbal Open University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Malik Dilshad Khan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zululand; Private Bag X1001 3886 Kwadlangezwa South Africa
| | - Muhammad Sher
- Department of Chemistry; Allama Iqbal Open University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammad Azad Malik
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zululand; Private Bag X1001 3886 Kwadlangezwa South Africa
- School of Materials; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Javeed Akhtar
- Department of Physics; Polymers & Materials Synthesis (PMS) Lab COMSATS; Institute of Information Technology (CIIT); Chak Shahzad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Neerish Revaprasadu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zululand; Private Bag X1001 3886 Kwadlangezwa South Africa
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5
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Aguilera-Sigalat J, Bradshaw D. Synthesis and applications of metal-organic framework–quantum dot (QD@MOF) composites. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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6
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Chauhan H, Kumar Y, Deka S. New synthesis of two-dimensional CdSe/CdS core@shell dot-in-hexagonal platelet nanoheterostructures with interesting optical properties. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:10347-10354. [PMID: 25074262 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01264j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of fluorescent monodispersed 2-dimensional (2D) CdSe/CdS core/shell hexagonal platelet nanocrystals has been demonstrated. Because of the stronger affinity of the -NH2 group of oleylamine to the (0001Se) facet comprising three dangling bonds in CdSe seeds, oleylamine acts as the sole surfactant responsible for hindering the growth of the CdS shell in the 0001 and 0001[combining macron] facets and for helping the shell growth anisotropically in the 〈100〉 direction. The as-synthesized products were thoroughly characterized using XRD, TEM/HRTEM, HAADF and STEM for determining the crystal structure, growth mechanism and the position of the seed inside a core/shell nanocrystal. Optical absorption, PL, PLE and TRPL studies revealed efficient photoexcitation and the possibility of polarized emission from 2D core/shell nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North campus, Delhi-110007, India.
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Xiong W, Hickstein DD, Schnitzenbaumer KJ, Ellis JL, Palm BB, Keister KE, Ding C, Miaja-Avila L, Dukovic G, Jimenez JL, Murnane MM, Kapteyn HC. Photoelectron spectroscopy of CdSe nanocrystals in the gas phase: a direct measure of the evanescent electron wave function of quantum dots. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:2924-2930. [PMID: 23688290 DOI: 10.1021/nl401309z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present the first photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of quantum dots (semiconductor nanocrystals) in the gas phase. By coupling a nanoparticle aerosol source to a femtosecond velocity map imaging photoelectron spectrometer, we apply robust gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy techniques to colloidal quantum dots, which typically must be studied in a liquid solvent or while bound to a surface. Working with a flowing aerosol of quantum dots offers the additional advantages of providing fresh nanoparticles for each laser shot and removing perturbations from bonding with a surface or interactions with the solvent. In this work, we perform a two-photon photoionization experiment to show that the photoelectron yield per exciton depends on the physical size of the quantum dot, increasing for smaller dots. Next, using effective mass modeling we show that the extent to which the electron wave function of the exciton extends from the quantum dot, the so-called "evanescent electron wavefunction", increases as the size of the quantum dot decreases. We show that the photoelectron yield is dominated by the evanescent electron density due to quantum confinement effects, the difference in the density of states inside and outside of the quantum dots, and the angle-dependent transmission probability of electrons through the surface of the quantum dot. Therefore, the photoelectron yield directly reflects the fraction of evanescent electron wave function that extends outside of the quantum dot. This work shows that gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy is a robust and general probe of the electronic structure of quantum dots, enabling the first direct measurements of the evanescent exciton wave function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
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van Veggel FCJM, Dong C, Johnson NJJ, Pichaandi J. Ln(3+)-doped nanoparticles for upconversion and magnetic resonance imaging: some critical notes on recent progress and some aspects to be considered. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:7309-7321. [PMID: 23086529 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32124f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this feature article we will critically discuss the synthesis and characterisation aspects of Ln(3+)-doped nanoparticles (NPs) that show upconversion, upon 980 nm excitation. Upconversion is a non-linear process that converts two or more low-energy photons, often near-infrared photons, into one of higher energy, e.g. blue and 800 nm from Tm(3+) and green and red from Er(3+) or Ho(3+). Nearly all researchers use the absorption of 980 nm light by Yb(3+) as the sensitiser for the co-doped emissive Ln(3+) ions. The focus will be on LnF(3) and MLnF(4) (M = alkali metal) as the host matrix, because most progress has been made with these. In particular we will argue that a detailed understanding of how the dopant ions and the host Ln(3+) ions are distributed (in the core) and how (doped) shell growth occurs is not well understood. Moreover, their use as optical and magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents will be discussed. We will argue that deep-tissue imaging beyond 600 μm with retention of optical resolution, i.e. to see fine structure such as blood capillaries in brain tissues, has not yet been achieved. Three key parameters have been identified as impediments: (i) the low absorption efficiency of the Yb(3+) sensitiser, (ii) the low quantum yield of upconversion, and (iii) the long-lived excited states. On the other hand, there are very encouraging results that suggest that these nanoparticles could be developed into very potent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C J M van Veggel
- University of Victoria, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3V6.
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Virieux H, Le Troedec M, Cros-Gagneux A, Ojo WS, Delpech F, Nayral C, Martinez H, Chaudret B. InP/ZnS Nanocrystals: Coupling NMR and XPS for Fine Surface and Interface Description. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:19701-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja307124m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Virieux
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, CNRS; LPCNO (Laboratoire de
Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets), 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077
Toulouse, France
| | - Marianne Le Troedec
- Institut
des Sciences Analytiques
et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Hélioparc, 2 av. Président Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - Arnaud Cros-Gagneux
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, CNRS; LPCNO (Laboratoire de
Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets), 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077
Toulouse, France
| | - Wilfried-Solo Ojo
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, CNRS; LPCNO (Laboratoire de
Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets), 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077
Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Delpech
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, CNRS; LPCNO (Laboratoire de
Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets), 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077
Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Nayral
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, CNRS; LPCNO (Laboratoire de
Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets), 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077
Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Martinez
- Institut
des Sciences Analytiques
et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Hélioparc, 2 av. Président Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - Bruno Chaudret
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, CNRS; LPCNO (Laboratoire de
Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets), 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077
Toulouse, France
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Wang YF, Sun LD, Xiao JW, Feng W, Zhou JC, Shen J, Yan CH. Rare-Earth nanoparticles with enhanced upconversion emission and suppressed rare-Earth-ion leakage. Chemistry 2012; 18:5558-64. [PMID: 22488939 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Upconversion emissions from rare-earth nanoparticles have attracted much interest as potential biolabels, for which small particle size and high emission intensity are both desired. Herein we report a facile way to achieve NaYF(4):Yb,Er@CaF(2) nanoparticles (NPs) with a small size (10-13 nm) and highly enhanced (ca. 300 times) upconversion emission compared with the pristine NPs. The CaF(2) shell protects the rare-earth ions from leaking, when the nanoparticles are exposed to buffer solution, and ensures biological safety for the potential bioprobe applications. With the upconversion emission from NaYF(4):Yb,Er@CaF(2) NPs, HeLa cells were imaged with low background interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Fu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, PR China
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12
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Aguilera-Sigalat J, Rocton S, Sánchez-Royo JF, Galian RE, Pérez-Prieto J. Highly fluorescent and photostable organic- and water-soluble CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots capped with thiols. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra01005k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Dong C, Pichaandi J, Regier T, van Veggel FCJM. The unexpected structures of "core-shell" and "alloy" LnF3 nanoparticles as examined by variable energy X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:3376-84. [PMID: 21761041 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10317b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide fluoride nanoparticles were synthesized in aqueous media using procedures intended for a core-shell structure of Ln((1))F(3)-Ln((2))F(3), its reverse architecture, and an alloy structure. Their structures were examined by variable photon energy photo-electron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation, along with X-ray powder diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and luminescence spectroscopy. The results show that the nanoparticles intended for a core-shell structure do not have a core-shell structure, and that nanoparticles intended for an alloy structure do not always have an alloy structure. A possible explanation for this is cation exchange, a phenomenon that occurs when LnF(3) nanoparticles are exposed to another Ln(3+) ion in aqueous media, resulting in Ln(3+) ions in nanoparticles being quickly replaced by Ln(3+) ions in solution. This cation exchange effectively competes with the precipitation of LnF(3), which leads to a concentration gradient in the case of the combination of LaF(3) and GdF(3), and to nearly an alloy structure (isotropic mixture of all the ions) in the case of the combination of LaF(3) and NdF(3), regardless of the procedure used. Finally, the intended "core-shell" nanoparticles were doped with Eu(3+) to show that a non-core-shell structure can also give rise to the improvement of optical properties as compared with the corresponding core nanoparticles. These results suggest that conclusions in the literature that a core-shell structure was obtained as inferred by TEM or enhanced luminescence may not be correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunhai Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3V6
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14
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Lau JT, Vogel M, Langenberg A, Hirsch K, Rittmann J, Zamudio-Bayer V, Möller T, Issendorff BV. Communication: Highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gaps of doped silicon clusters from core level spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:041102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3547699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Huang K, Demadrille R, Silly MG, Sirotti F, Reiss P, Renault O. Internal structure of InP/ZnS nanocrystals unraveled by high-resolution soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2010; 4:4799-805. [PMID: 20666468 DOI: 10.1021/nn100581t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
High-energy resolution photoelectron spectroscopy (DeltaE < 200 meV) is used to investigate the internal structure of semiconductor quantum dots containing low Z-contrast elements. In InP/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals synthesized using a single-step procedure (core and shell precursors added at the same time), a homogeneously alloyed InPZnS core structure is evidenced by quantitative analysis of their In3d(5/2) spectra recorded at variable excitation energy. When using a two-step method (core InP nanocrystal synthesis followed by subsequent ZnS shell growth), XPS analysis reveals a graded core/shell interface. We demonstrate the existence of In-S and S(x)-In-P(1-x) bonding states in both types of InP/ZnS nanocrystals, which allows a refined view on the underlying reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- CEA Grenoble, INAC/SPrAM, UMR 5819 CEA-CNRS-UJF/LEMOH, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Podsiadlo P, Krylova G, Lee B, Critchley K, Gosztola DJ, Talapin DV, Ashby PD, Shevchenko EV. The Role of Order, Nanocrystal Size, and Capping Ligands in the Collective Mechanical Response of Three-Dimensional Nanocrystal Solids. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:8953-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ja100464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Podsiadlo
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Galyna Krylova
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Kevin Critchley
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - David J. Gosztola
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Dmitri V. Talapin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Paul D. Ashby
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Elena V. Shevchenko
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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Yao KX, Yin XM, Wang TH, Zeng HC. Synthesis, Self-Assembly, Disassembly, and Reassembly of Two Types of Cu2O Nanocrystals Unifaceted with {001} or {110} Planes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6131-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ja100151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xin Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAUST-NUS GCR Program, and Minerals, Metals, and Materials Technology Center, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, and Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Ming Yin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAUST-NUS GCR Program, and Minerals, Metals, and Materials Technology Center, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, and Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tai Hong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAUST-NUS GCR Program, and Minerals, Metals, and Materials Technology Center, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, and Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chun Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAUST-NUS GCR Program, and Minerals, Metals, and Materials Technology Center, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, and Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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18
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Kinkead B, Hegmann T. Effects of size, capping agent, and concentration of CdSe and CdTequantum dots doped into a nematic liquid crystal on the optical and electro-optic properties of the final colloidal liquid crystal mixture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b911641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Abel KA, Boyer JC, Veggel FCJMV. Hard Proof of the NaYF4/NaGdF4 Nanocrystal Core/Shell Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:14644-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja906971y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith A. Abel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 3V6
| | - John-Christopher Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 3V6
| | - Frank C. J. M. van Veggel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 3V6
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20
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Kilina S, Ivanov S, Tretiak S. Effect of surface ligands on optical and electronic spectra of semiconductor nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7717-26. [PMID: 19425603 DOI: 10.1021/ja9005749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the impact of ligands on the morphology, electronic structure, and optical response of the Cd(33)Se(33) cluster, which overlaps in size with the smallest synthesized CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs). Our density functional theory calculations demonstrate significant surface reorganization for both the bare cluster and the cluster capped with amine or phosphine oxide model ligands. We observe strong surface-ligand interactions leading to substantial charge redistribution and polarization effects on the surface. These effects result in the development of hybridized states, for which the electronic density is spread over the cluster and the ligands. The loss of one of the passivating ligands leads to either optically dark or bright additional states inside of the band gap, depending on the position of the leaving ligand on the QD surface. However, for fully ligated QDs, neither the ligand-localized nor hybridized molecular orbitals appear as trap states inside or near the band gap of the QD. Instead, being mostly optically dark, dense hybridized states could open new relaxation channels for high-energy photoexcitations. Comparing QDs passivated by different ligands, we also found that hybridized states are denser at the edge of the conduction band of the cluster ligated with phosphine oxide molecules than that with primary amines. Such a different manifestation of ligand binding may potentially lead to faster electron relaxation in QDs passivated by phosphine oxide than by amine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kilina
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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21
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Durisic N, Wiseman PW, Grütter P, Heyes CD. A common mechanism underlies the dark fraction formation and fluorescence blinking of quantum dots. ACS NANO 2009; 3:1167-1175. [PMID: 19385605 DOI: 10.1021/nn800684z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CdSe quantum dots (QDs) are known to exhibit both power-law blinking dynamics and a dark fraction. A complete description of the mechanistic origins of these properties is still lacking. We show that a change in the pH of the QD environment systematically changes both the dark fraction and the blinking statistics. As pH is lowered, shorter "on" times and longer "off" times, as well as an increase in the permanent dark fraction, are observed. The increase in the dark fraction is preceded by a decrease in the emission intensity of a single QD. Interestingly, the form of the probability distribution function describing blinking changes when the QDs are taken from an air-exposed environment into an aqueous one. These results are used to propose a coupled role for H(+) ions by which they first reduce the intensity of the emitting state as well as affect the probabilities of the QD to switch between "on" and "off" states and eventually trap the QD in a permanent "off" state. We discuss and extend two theoretical blinking models to account for the effect of H(+) ions as well as to highlight their common principle of a diffusion-controlled mechanism governing blinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Durisic
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2T8
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Reiss P, Protière M, Li L. Core/Shell semiconductor nanocrystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:154-68. [PMID: 19153991 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 879] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal core/shell nanocrystals contain at least two semiconductor materials in an onionlike structure. The possibility to tune the basic optical properties of the core nanocrystals, for example, their fluorescence wavelength, quantum yield, and lifetime, by growing an epitaxial-type shell of another semiconductor has fueled significant progress on the chemical synthesis of these systems. In such core/shell nanocrystals, the shell provides a physical barrier between the optically active core and the surrounding medium, thus making the nanocrystals less sensitive to environmental changes, surface chemistry, and photo-oxidation. The shell further provides an efficient passivation of the surface trap states, giving rise to a strongly enhanced fluorescence quantum yield. This effect is a fundamental prerequisite for the use of nanocrystals in applications such as biological labeling and light-emitting devices, which rely on their emission properties. Focusing on recent advances, this Review discusses the fundamental properties and synthesis methods of core/shell and core/multiple shell structures of II-VI, IV-VI, and III-V semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reiss
- CEA Grenoble, INAC-SPrAM,UMR 5819 CEA-CNRS-UJF, Grenoble cedex 9, France.
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Bashouti MY, Paska Y, Puniredd SR, Stelzner T, Christiansen S, Haick H. Silicon nanowires terminated with methyl functionalities exhibit stronger Si–C bonds than equivalent 2D surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:3845-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b820559k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Santra PK, Viswanatha R, Daniels SM, Pickett NL, Smith JM, O’Brien P, Sarma DD. Investigation of the Internal Heterostructure of Highly Luminescent Quantum Dot−Quantum Well Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 131:470-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8033075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pralay K. Santra
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Nanoco Technologies Ltd., 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9XX, U.K., Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K., and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ranjani Viswanatha
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Nanoco Technologies Ltd., 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9XX, U.K., Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K., and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Steve M. Daniels
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Nanoco Technologies Ltd., 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9XX, U.K., Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K., and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nigel L. Pickett
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Nanoco Technologies Ltd., 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9XX, U.K., Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K., and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jason M. Smith
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Nanoco Technologies Ltd., 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9XX, U.K., Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K., and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Paul O’Brien
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Nanoco Technologies Ltd., 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9XX, U.K., Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K., and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - D. D. Sarma
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Nanoco Technologies Ltd., 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9XX, U.K., Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K., and Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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Farias PMA, Santos BS, de Thomaz AA, Ferreira R, Menezes FD, Cesar CL, Fontes A. Fluorescent II−VI Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Living Cells: Nonlinear Microspectroscopy in an Optical Tweezers System. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:2734-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0758465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M. A. Farias
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química Fundamental, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Beate S. Santos
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química Fundamental, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - André A. de Thomaz
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química Fundamental, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ferreira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química Fundamental, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Frederico D. Menezes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química Fundamental, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos L. Cesar
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química Fundamental, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Adriana Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Química Fundamental, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Graf C, Lewinski R, Dembski S, Langer B, Rühl E. Experiments on single levitated particles: a novel approach for investigations of electronic properties of structured II-VI-semiconductor nanoparticles in selected environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200775413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Farias PMA, Santos BS, Menezes FD, Ferreira R, Fontes A, Carvalho HF, Romão L, Moura-Neto V, Amaral JCOF, Cesar CL, Figueiredo RCBQ, Lorenzato FRB. Quantum dots as fluorescent bio-labels in cancer diagnostic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200671526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sapra S, Nanda J, Pietryga JM, Hollingsworth JA, Sarma DD. Unraveling Internal Structures of Highly Luminescent PbSe Nanocrystallites Using Variable-Energy Synchrotron Radiation Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:15244-50. [PMID: 16884241 DOI: 10.1021/jp061885p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The internal structure of PbSe nanocrystals was deduced using synchrotron X-ray photoemission spectroscopy for three different sizes of nanocrystals. The photoemission data revealed the layered structure of PbSe nanocrystals with the crystalline PbSe core surrounded by a nonstoichiometric Pb(1-x)Se shell, finally passivated by a capping agent in the outermost layer. A detailed analysis of the experimental data yielded quantitative information on the thickness of three different layers, which is unavailable through any other technique; moreover, the overall sizes of the nanocrystals probed by transmission electron microscopy were in agreement with the corresponding quantity obtained in the present experiment. The present results provide a plausible explanation for the strong variation in the photoluminescence intensity with size observed for these nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Sapra
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Tan GL, Wu N, Zheng JG, Hommerich U, Temple D. Optical Absorption and Valence Band Photoemission from Uncapped CdTe Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:2125-30. [PMID: 16471793 DOI: 10.1021/jp056289u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CdTe nanocrystals have been successfully fabricated by a mechanical alloying process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns demonstrate that a single-phase CdTe compound with a zinc blende structure has been formed after ball milling elemental Cd and Te mixture powders for 27 h. The large broadening effect for the width of the {111} diffraction peak of uncapped CdTe nanocrystals on smaller size was observed in slowly scanned XRD patterns. The X-ray photoelectron spectrum was used to study the surface of the uncapped CdTe nanocrystals within both core level and valence band regions. The presence of tellurium oxide film on the surface of the uncapped CdTe nanocrystals has been detected in the X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the Te 3d core level, which was comparable to the observed amorphous oxide thin layer on the surface of uncapped CdTe nanocrystals in a high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image. The energy of the valence band maximum for uncapped CdTe powders blue shifts to the higher energy side with smaller particle sizes. In UV-visible optical absorption spectra of the suspension solution containing uncapped CdTe nanocrystals, the absorption peaks were locating within the ultraviolet region, which shifted toward the higher energy side with prolonged ball milling time. Both blue shifts of valence band maximum energy and absorption peaks with decreasing particle size provide a unique pathway to reveal the quantum confinement effect of uncapped CdTe nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Tan
- Physics Department, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA.
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Carbone L, Kudera S, Giannini C, Ciccarella G, Cingolani R, Cozzoli PD, Manna L. Selective reactions on the tips of colloidal semiconductor nanorods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b607217h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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de Farias PMA, Santos BS, de Menezes FD, Ferreira RDC, Barjas-Castro MDL, Castro V, Lima PRM, Fontes A, Cesar CL. Core-shell CdS/Cd(OH)2 quantum dots: synthesis and bioconjugation to target red cells antigens. J Microsc 2005; 219:103-8. [PMID: 16176249 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2005.01501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a new and efficient methodology of labelling red blood cells, in order to investigate the expression of anti-A antigen, employing luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals. Highly luminescent and stable core-shell cadmium sulphide/cadmium hydroxide [CdS/CdS(OH)2] colloidal particles were obtained in the nanometre size range. The surface of these particles was characterized by using a monoclonal anti-A antibody via a one-step glutaraldehyde cross-linking procedure, followed by conjugation of the particles to red cells of blood groups A+, and O+. Laser scanning confocal microscopy images indicated that after conjugation for 30 min, A+ and erythrocytes presented different patterns of dual bright emission whereas the O+ group cells showed no emission. We suggest that this labelling procedure may be applied as a quantitative tool to investigate the distribution and expression of alloantigen in red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Albuquerque de Farias
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia - CCB, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cid. Universitária CEP 50670-901 Recife-PE, Brazil
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Adam S, Talapin DV, Borchert H, Lobo A, McGinley C, de Castro ARB, Haase M, Weller H, Möller T. The effect of nanocrystal surface structure on the luminescence properties: Photoemission study of HF-etched InP nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:084706. [PMID: 16164320 DOI: 10.1063/1.2004901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
InP nanocrystals with narrow size distribution and mean particle diameter tunable from approximately 2 up to approximately 7 nm were synthesized via the dehalosilylation reaction between InCl3 and tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine. Specific capping of the nanocrystal surface with a shell of organic ligands protects the nanocrystals from oxidation and provides solubility of the particles in various organic solvents. InP nanocrystals with enhanced photoluminescence (PL) efficiency were obtained from the initial nanocrystals by photoassisted etching of the nanocrystal surface with HF. The resulting PL quantum efficiency of InP nanocrystals dispersed in n-butanol is about three orders of magnitude higher when compared to the nonetched InP samples and approaches approximately 40% at room temperature. High-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy with the use of synchrotron radiation was applied to reveal the changes of the nanocrystal surface responsible for the dramatic improvement of the PL efficiency. The analysis of high-resolution P 2p core-level spectra confirmed significant changes of the nanocrystal surface structure induced by the postpreparative treatments and allowed us to propose the description of the etching mechanism. In the nonetched InP nanocrystals, some surface P atoms generate energy states located inside the band gap which provide nonradiative recombination pathways. Photoassisted treatment of InP nanocrystals with HF results in selective removal of these phosphorous atoms from the nanocrystal surface. The reconstructed surface of the etched InP nanocrystals is terminated mainly with In atoms and is efficiently passivated with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Adam
- HASYLAB/DESY Notkestrasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
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de Farias PMA, Santos BS, de Menezes FD, de Carvalho Ferreira R, Barjas-Castro ML, Castro V, Lima PRM, Fontes A, Cesar CL. Investigation of red blood cell antigens with highly fluorescent and stable semiconductor quantum dots. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2005; 10:44023. [PMID: 16178656 DOI: 10.1117/1.1993257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a new methodology for red blood cell antigen expression determination by a simple labeling procedure employing luminescent semiconductor quantum dots. Highly luminescent and stable core shell cadmium sulfide/cadmium hydroxide colloidal particles are obtained, with a predominant size of 9 nm. The core-shell quantum dots are functionalized with glutaraldehyde and conjugated to a monoclonal anti-A antibody to target antigen-A in red blood cell membranes. Erythrocyte samples of blood groups A+, A2+, and O+ are used for this purpose. Confocal microscopy images show that after 30 min of conjugation time, type A+ and A2+ erythrocytes present bright emission, whereas the O+ group cells show no emission. Fluorescence intensity maps show different antigen expressions for the distinct erythrocyte types. The results obtained strongly suggest that this simple labeling procedure may be employed as an efficient tool to investigate quantitatively the distribution and expression of antigens in red blood cell membranes.
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Borchert H, Talapin DV, Gaponik N, McGinley C, Adam S, Lobo A, Möller T, Weller H. Relations between the Photoluminescence Efficiency of CdTe Nanocrystals and Their Surface Properties Revealed by Synchrotron XPS. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0352884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Borchert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, and Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri V. Talapin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, and Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Gaponik
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, and Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Colm McGinley
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, and Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sorin Adam
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, and Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arun Lobo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, and Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Möller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, and Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, and Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
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