1
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Buntine JT, Carrascosa E, Bull JN, Jacovella U, Cotter MI, Watkins P, Liu C, Scholz MS, Adamson BD, Marlton SJP, Bieske EJ. An ion mobility mass spectrometer coupled with a cryogenic ion trap for recording electronic spectra of charged, isomer-selected clusters. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:043201. [PMID: 35489918 DOI: 10.1063/5.0085680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Infrared and electronic spectra are indispensable for understanding the structural and energetic properties of charged molecules and clusters in the gas phase. However, the presence of isomers can potentially complicate the interpretation of spectra, even if the target molecules or clusters are mass-selected beforehand. Here, we describe an instrument for spectroscopically characterizing charged molecular clusters that have been selected according to both their isomeric form and their mass-to-charge ratio. Cluster ions generated by laser ablation of a solid sample are selected according to their collision cross sections with helium buffer gas using a drift tube ion mobility spectrometer and their mass-to-charge ratio using a quadrupole mass filter. The mobility- and mass-selected target ions are introduced into a cryogenically cooled, three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap where they are thermalized through inelastic collisions with an inert buffer gas (He or He/N2 mixture). Spectra of the molecular ions are obtained by tagging them with inert atoms or molecules (Ne and N2), which are dislodged following resonant excitation of an electronic transition, or by photodissociating the cluster itself following absorption of one or more photons. An electronic spectrum is generated by monitoring the charged photofragment yield as a function of wavelength. The capacity of the instrument is illustrated with the resonance-enhanced photodissociation action spectra of carbon clusters (Cn +) and polyacetylene cations (HC2nH+) that have been selected according to the mass-to-charge ratio and collision cross section with He buffer gas and of mass-selected Au2 + and Au2Ag+ clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Buntine
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eduardo Carrascosa
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ugo Jacovella
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mariah I Cotter
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Patrick Watkins
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael S Scholz
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Brian D Adamson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Samuel J P Marlton
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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2
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Elroby SA, Aziz SG, Hilal R, Attah IK, Platt SP, El-Shall MS. Formation of the oxonium phenol ion in the stepwise hydration of the phenyl cation in the gas phase. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Chiavarino B, Dopfer O, Crestoni ME, Corinti D, Maître P, Fornarini S. IRMPD Spectra of Protonated Hydroxybenzaldehydes: Evidence of Torsional Barriers in Carboxonium Ions. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:749-761. [PMID: 31951044 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protonation at the formyl oxygen atom of benzaldehydes leading to the formation of carboxonium ions yields two distinct isomers, depending on the relative orientation of the proton either cis or trans with respect to the hydrogen atom on the adjacent carbon. In this context, the IR multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectra of protonated ortho, meta, and para-hydroxybenzaldehydes (OH-BZH+ ), delivered into the gas phase by electrospray ionization of hydro-alcoholic solutions, are reported in the 3200-3700 cm-1 spectral range. This range is characteristic of O-H stretching modes and thus able to differentiate cis and trans carboxonium isomers. Comparison between IRMPD spectra and DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(2df2p) level suggests that for both p-OH-BZH+ and m-OH-BZH+ only cis conformers are present in the ion population analyzed. For o-OH-BZH+ , IRMPD spectroscopy points to a mixture comprising one trans and more than one cis conformers. The energy barrier for cis-trans isomerization calculated for each OH-BZH+ isomer is a measure of the degree of π-electron delocalization. Furthermore, IRMPD spectra of p-OH-BZH+ , m-OH-BZH+ and protonated phenol (this last used as reference) were recorded also in the fingerprint range. Both the observed C-O and O-H stretching vibrations appear to be a measure of π-electron delocalization in the ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chiavarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Davide Corinti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Philippe Maître
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
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4
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Klyne J, Dopfer O. Microhydration of protonated 5-hydroxyindole revealed by infrared spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2706-2718. [PMID: 30663737 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06950f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Controlled microsolvation of protonated aromatic biomolecules with water is fundamental to understand proton transfer reactions in aqueous environments. We measured infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectra of mass-selected microhydrates of protonated 5-hydroxyindole (5HIH+-Wn, W = H2O, n = 1-3) in the OH and NH stretch ranges (2700-3800 cm-1), which are sensitive to the spectroscopic characteristics of interior solvation, water network formation, and proton transfer to solvent. Analysis of the IRPD spectra by dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations (B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ) reveals the coexistence of C3- and C4-protonated carbenium ions, 5HIH+(C3) and 5HIH+(C4), as well as the O-protonated oxonium ion, 5HIH+(O). Monohydrated 5HIH+-W clusters are formed by hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) of the first water to the most acidic functional group, namely, the NH group in the case of 5HIH+(C3), the OH group for 5HIH+(C4), and the OH2 group for 5HIH+(O). The latter benefits from its twofold degeneracy and the outstandingly high binding energy of D0 ∼ 100 kJ mol-1. Larger 5HIH+-W2/3 clusters preferably grow (i) by H-bonding of the second water to the remaining vacant functional group and and/or (ii) by formation of W2 water chains at the respective most acidic functional group. Our IRPD spectra of 5HIH+-Wn do not indicate any proton transfer to the solvent up to n = 3, in line with the proton affinities of 5HI and Wn. Comparison of 5HIH+-Wn to neutral 5HI-W and cationic 5HI+-Wn clusters elucidates the impact of different charge states on the topology of the initial solvation shell. Furthermore, to access the influence of the size of the arene ion and a second functional group, we draw a comparison to microhydration of protonated phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Klyne
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Schwarz H, Asmis KR. Identification of Active Sites and Structural Characterization of Reactive Ionic Intermediates by Cryogenic Ion Trap Vibrational Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2019; 25:2112-2126. [PMID: 30623993 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cryogenic ion trap vibrational spectroscopy paired with quantum chemistry currently represents the most generally applicable approach for the structural investigation of gaseous cluster ions that are not amenable to direct absorption spectroscopy. Here, we give an overview of the most popular variants of infrared action spectroscopy and describe the advantages of using cryogenic ion traps in combination with messenger tagging and vibrational predissociation spectroscopy. We then highlight a few recent studies that apply this technique to identify highly reactive ionic intermediates and to characterize their reactive sites. We conclude by commenting on future challenges and potential developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut R Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Chatterjee K, Dopfer O. Unraveling the protonation site of oxazole and solvation with hydrophobic ligands by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15157-15166. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02787d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy reveals exclusive N-protonation of the oxazole ring and bifurcated or linear hydrogen bonding with hydrophobic N2and Ar ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- TU Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
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7
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Klyne J, Dopfer O. Protonation and Sequential Microsolvation of 5-Hydroxyindole: Infrared Photodissociation Spectra of 5HIH+–Ln with L = Ar and N2 (n ≤ 3). J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10700-10713. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Klyne
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Katada M, Fujii A. Infrared Spectroscopy of Protonated Phenol–Water Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5822-5831. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marusu Katada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Asuka Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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9
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Klyne J, Schmies M, Miyazaki M, Fujii M, Dopfer O. Stepwise microhydration of aromatic amide cations: water solvation networks revealed by the infrared spectra of acetanilide +-(H 2O) n clusters (n ≤ 3). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3148-3164. [PMID: 28913535 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04659f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure and activity of peptides and proteins strongly rely on their charge state and the interaction with their hydration environment. Here, infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectra of size-selected microhydrated clusters of cationic acetanilide (AA+, N-phenylacetamide), AA+-(H2O)n with n ≤ 3, are analysed by dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations at the ωB97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ level to determine the stepwise microhydration process of this aromatic peptide model. The IRPD spectra are recorded in the informative X-H stretch (νOH, νNH, νCH, amide A, 2800-3800 cm-1) and fingerprint (amide I-II, 1000-1900 cm-1) ranges to probe the preferred hydration motifs and the cluster growth. In the most stable AA+-(H2O)n structures, the H2O ligands solvate the acidic NH proton of the amide by forming a hydrogen-bonded solvent network, which strongly benefits from cooperative effects arising from the excess positive charge. Comparison with neutral AA-H2O reveals the strong impact of ionization on the acidity of the NH proton and the topology of the interaction potential. Comparison with related hydrated formanilide clusters demonstrates the influence of methylation of the amide group (H → CH3) on the shape of the intermolecular potential and the structure of the hydration shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Klyne
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Bouchet A, Klyne J, Ishiuchi SI, Dopfer O, Fujii M, Zehnacker A. Stereochemistry-dependent structure of hydrogen-bonded protonated dimers: the case of 1-amino-2-indanol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12430-12443. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00787j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stereochemistry effects on the structure of molecular aggregates are studied in the prototypical 1-amino-2-indanol. Conformer-selective IR-UV double resonance spectroscopy reveals how stereochemistry shapes its dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Bouchet
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Johanna Klyne
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Shun-ichi Ishiuchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Masaaki Fujii
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Anne Zehnacker
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO)
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91405 Orsay
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11
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Bull JN, Coughlan NJA, Bieske EJ. Protomer-Specific Photochemistry Investigated Using Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6021-6027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James N. Bull
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Evan J. Bieske
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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12
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Bouchet A, Schütz M, Chiavarino B, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S, Dopfer O. IR spectrum of the protonated neurotransmitter 2-phenylethylamine: dispersion and anharmonicity of the NH3(+)-π interaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:25742-54. [PMID: 25757357 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00221d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The structure and dynamics of the highly flexible side chain of (protonated) phenylethylamino neurotransmitters are essential for their function. The geometric, vibrational, and energetic properties of the protonated neutrotransmitter 2-phenylethylamine (H(+)PEA) are characterized in the N-H stretch range by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy of cold ions using rare gas tagging (Rg = Ne and Ar) and anharmonic calculations at the B3LYP-D3/(aug-)cc-pVTZ level including dispersion corrections. A single folded gauche conformer (G) protonated at the basic amino group and stabilized by an intramolecular NH(+)-π interaction is observed. The dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations reveal the important effects of dispersion on the cation-π interaction and the large vibrational anharmonicity of the NH3(+) group involved in the NH(+)-π hydrogen bond. They allow for assigning overtone and combination bands and explain anomalous intensities observed in previous IR multiple-photon dissociation spectra. Comparison with neutral PEA reveals the large effects of protonation on the geometric and electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Bouchet
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Bouchet A, Schütz M, Dopfer O. Competing Insertion and External Binding Motifs in Hydrated Neurotransmitters: Infrared Spectra of Protonated Phenylethylamine Monohydrate. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:232-43. [PMID: 26584245 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydration has a drastic impact on the structure and function of flexible biomolecules, such as aromatic ethylamino neurotransmitters. The structure of monohydrated protonated phenylethylamine (H(+) PEA-H2 O) is investigated by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy of cold cluster ions by using rare-gas (Rg=Ne and Ar) tagging and dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ level. Monohydration of this prototypical neurotransmitter gives an insight into the first step of the formation of its solvation shell, especially regarding the competition between intra- and intermolecular interactions. The spectra of Rg-tagged H(+) PEA-H2 O reveal the presence of a stable insertion structure in which the water molecule is located between the positively charged ammonium group and the phenyl ring of H(+) PEA, acting both as a hydrogen bond acceptor (NH(+) ⋅⋅⋅O) and donor (OH⋅⋅⋅π). Two other nearly equivalent isomers, in which water is externally H bonded to one of the free NH groups, are also identified. The balance between insertion and external hydration strongly depends on temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Bouchet
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Schütz
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Schütz M, Sakota K, Moritz R, Schmies M, Ikeda T, Sekiya H, Dopfer O. Simultaneous Interaction of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Solvents with Ethylamino Neurotransmitter Radical Cations: Infrared Spectra of Tryptamine+-(H2O)m-(N2)n Clusters (m,n ≤ 3). J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10035-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schütz
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenji Sakota
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Department of Molecular Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Raphael Moritz
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmies
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Takamasa Ikeda
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Department of Molecular Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sekiya
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Department of Molecular Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Bouchet A, Klyne J, Piani G, Dopfer O, Zehnacker A. Diastereo-specific conformational properties of neutral, protonated and radical cation forms of (1R,2S)-cis- and (1R,2R)-trans-amino-indanol by gas phase spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25809-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00576k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ionisation and protonation on the geometric and electronic structure of a prototypical aromatic amino-alcohol with two chiral centres are revealed by IR and UV spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Bouchet
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Johanna Klyne
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Giovanni Piani
- CNRS
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO/UMR8214) and Univ. Paris Sud
- Orsay
- France
- CLUPS (Centre Laser de l’Université Paris Sud/LUMAT FR 2764)
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Anne Zehnacker
- CNRS
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO/UMR8214) and Univ. Paris Sud
- Orsay
- France
- CLUPS (Centre Laser de l’Université Paris Sud/LUMAT FR 2764)
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16
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Féraud G, Esteves-López N, Dedonder-Lardeux C, Jouvet C. UV spectroscopy of cold ions as a probe of the protonation site. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25755-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Where does the proton go?
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Féraud
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université
- PIIM
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires (UMR-7345)
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
| | - Natalia Esteves-López
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université
- PIIM
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires (UMR-7345)
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
| | - Claude Dedonder-Lardeux
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université
- PIIM
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires (UMR-7345)
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
| | - Christophe Jouvet
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université
- PIIM
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires (UMR-7345)
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
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17
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Schmies M, Miyazaki M, Fujii M, Dopfer O. Microhydrated aromatic cluster cations: Binding motifs of 4-aminobenzonitrile-(H2O)n cluster cations with n ≤ 4. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:214301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4901893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schmies
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mitsuhiko Miyazaki
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fujii
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Omidyan R, Rezaei H. Excited state deactivation pathways of neutral/protonated anisole and p-fluoroanisole: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11679-89. [PMID: 24810549 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00679h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential energy profiles of neutral and protonated anisole and p-fluoroanisole at different electronic states have been investigated extensively by the RI-MP2 and RI-CC2 methods. The calculations reveal that the relaxation dynamics in protonated anisole and p-fluoroanisole are essentially different from those of the neutral analogues. In neutral anisole/p-fluoroanisole, the (1)πσ* state plays a vital relaxation role along the O-CH3 coordinate, yielding the CH3 radical. For both of these molecules, the calculations indicate conical intersections (CIs) between the ground and excited state potential energy (PE) curves, hindered by a small barrier, and providing non-adiabatic gates for radiation-less deactivation to the ground state. Nevertheless, for the protonated cases, besides the prefulvenic deformation of the benzene ring, it has been predicted that the lowest (1)(σ,n)π* state along the C-O-C bond angle plays an important role in photochemistry and the relaxation dynamics. The S1, S0 PE profiles of protonated anisole along with the former reaction coordinate (out-of-plane deformation) show a barrierless relaxation pathway, which can be responsible for the ultrafast deactivation of excited systems to the ground state via the low-lying S1/S0 conical intersection. Moreover, the later reaction coordinate in protonated species (C-O-C angle from 120°-180°) is consequently accompanied with the bond cleavage of C-OCH3 at the (1)(σ,n)π* state, hindered by a barrier of ∼0.51 eV, and can be responsible for the relaxation of excited systems with significant excess energy (hν≥ 5 eV). Furthermore, according to the RI-CC2 calculated results, different effects on the S1-S0 electronic transition energy of anisole and p-fluoroanisole upon protonation have been predicted. The first electronic transitions of anisole and p-fluoroanisole shift by ∼0.3 and 1.3 eV to the red respectively due to protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Omidyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran.
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Sakota K, Schütz M, Schmies M, Moritz R, Bouchet A, Ikeda T, Kouno Y, Sekiya H, Dopfer O. Weak hydrogen bonding motifs of ethylamino neurotransmitter radical cations in a hydrophobic environment: infrared spectra of tryptamine+–(N2)n clusters (n ≤ 6). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:3798-806. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54127d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Fournier JA, Wolk AB, Johnson MA. Integration of cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation spectroscopy with a mass spectrometric interface to an electrochemical cell. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7339-44. [PMID: 23767985 DOI: 10.1021/ac401228y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation (CIVP) spectroscopy is used to structurally characterize electrochemically (EC)-generated oxidation products of the benchmark compound reserpine. Ionic products were isolated using EC-electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to a 25 K ion trap prior to injection into a double-focusing, tandem time-of-flight photofragmentation mass spectrometer. Vibrational predissociation spectroscopy was carried out by photoevaporation of weakly bound N2 adducts over the range 800-3800 cm(-1) in a linear (i.e., single photon) action regime, thus enabling direct comparison of the experimental vibrational pattern with harmonic calculations. The locations of the NH and OH stretching fundamentals are most consistent with formation of 9-hydroxyreserpine, which is a different isomer than considered previously. This approach thus provides a powerful structural dimension for the analysis of electrochemical processes detected with the sensitivity of mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Fournier
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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21
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Fujii A, Mizuse K. Infrared spectroscopic studies on hydrogen-bonded water networks in gas phase clusters. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2012.760836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Mosley JD, Ricks AM, Schleyer PVR, Wu JI, Duncan MA. IR Spectroscopy of α- and β-Protonated Pyrrole via Argon Complex Photodissociation. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9689-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307631n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Mosley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - A. M. Ricks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - P. v. R. Schleyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - J. I. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
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Fujii M, Dopfer O. Ionisation-induced site switching dynamics in solvated aromatic clusters: phenol–(rare gas)nclusters as prototypical example. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2012.656013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Ishiuchi SI. Static and Dynamic Structures of Phenol/Ar Clusters Studied by Multiresonance Laser Spectroscopy. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Schmies M, Patzer A, Fujii M, Dopfer O. Structures and IR/UV spectra of neutral and ionic phenol–Arn cluster isomers (n≤ 4): competition between hydrogen bonding and stacking. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:13926-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lagutschenkov A, Langer J, Berden G, Oomens J, Dopfer O. Infrared spectra of the protonated neurotransmitter histamine: competition between imidazolium and ammonium isomers in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:15644-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21681c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Chakraborty S, Patzer A, Dopfer O. IR spectra of protonated benzaldehyde clusters, C7H7O+–Ln (L=Ar,N2;n≤2): Ion-ligand binding motifs of the cis and trans oxonium isomers. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:044307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3460458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Lagutschenkov A, Sinha RK, Maitre P, Dopfer O. Structure and Infrared Spectrum of the Ag+−Phenol Ionic Complex. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:11053-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp100853m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Lagutschenkov
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Sud 11, UMR8000 CNRS, Bât. 350, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Rajeev K. Sinha
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Sud 11, UMR8000 CNRS, Bât. 350, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Maitre
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Sud 11, UMR8000 CNRS, Bât. 350, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Sud 11, UMR8000 CNRS, Bât. 350, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Chakraborty S, Patzer A, Lagutschenkov A, Langer J, Dopfer O. Infrared and electronic spectra of microhydrated para-dichlorobenzene cluster cations. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Patzer A, Chakraborty S, Dopfer O. Infrared spectra and quantum chemical characterization of weakly bound clusters of the benzoyl cation with Ar and H2O. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:15704-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00696c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Zhao D, Langer J, Oomens J, Dopfer O. Infrared spectra of protonated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules: Azulene. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:184307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3262720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Dopfer O. IR Spectroscopy of Microsolvated Aromatic Cluster Ions: Ionization-Induced Switch in Aromatic Molecule–Solvent Recognition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.219.2.125.57302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and quantum chemical calculations are employed to characterize the intermolecular interaction of a variety of aromatic cations (A+) with several types of solvents. For this purpose, isolated ionic complexes of the type A+–L
n
, in which A+ is microsolvated by a controlled number (n) of ligands (L), are prepared in a supersonic plasma expansion, and their spectra are obtained by IR photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy in a tandem mass spectrometer. Two prototypes of aromatic ion–solvent recognition are considered: (i) microsolvation of acidic aromatic cations in a nonpolar hydrophobic solvent and (ii) microsolvation of bare aromatic hydrocarbon cations in a polar hydrophilic solvent. The analysis of the IRPD spectra of A+–L dimers provides detailed information about the intermolecular interaction between the aromatic ion and the neutral solvent, such as ion–ligand binding energies, the competition between different intermolecular binding motifs (H-bonds, π-bonds, charge–dipole bonds), and its dependence on chemical properties of both the A+ cation and the solvent type L. IRPD spectra of larger A+–L
n
clusters yield detailed insight into the cluster growth process, including the formation of structural isomers, the competition between ion–solvent and solvent–solvent interactions, and the degree of (non)cooperativity of the intermolecular interactions as a function of solvent type and degree of solvation. The systematic A+–L
n
cluster studies are shown to reveal valuable new information about fundamental chemical properties of the bare A+ cation, such as proton affinity, acidity, and reactivity. Because of the additional attraction arising from the excess charge, the interaction in the A+–L
n
cation clusters differs largely from that in the corresponding neutral A–L
n
clusters with respect to both the interaction strength and the most stable structure, implying in most cases an ionization-induced switch in the preferred aromatic molecule–solvent recognition motif. This process causes severe limitations for the spectroscopic characterization of ion–ligand complexes using popular photoionization techniques, due to the restrictions imposed by the Franck–Condon principle. The present study circumvents these limitations by employing an electron impact cluster ion source for A+–L
n
generation, which generates predominantly the most stable isomer of a given cluster ion independent of its geometry.
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Rode MF, Sobolewski AL, Dedonder C, Jouvet C, Dopfer O. Computational study on the photophysics of protonated benzene. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:5865-73. [PMID: 19402615 DOI: 10.1021/jp902729m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The reaction paths in the lowest excited electronic states relevant for the photophysics of protonated benzene, C(6)H(7)(+), have been explored by ab initio techniques of electronic structure theory. For this purpose, the first four excited singlet electronic states of C(6)H(7)(+) have been calculated at the CC2/cc-pVTZ level of theory. The CC2 approach has been validated by CASPT2 and TD-DFT calculations. The calculated UV absorption spectrum is in good agreement with the experimental spectrum. It has been found that the out-of-plane and the in-plane ring deformation leads in the excited states in an essential barrierless manner to a low-lying conical intersection between the lowest excited states and with the ground state, providing a mechanism for efficient radiationless deactivation, which is expected to quench luminescence of the isolated molecular ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal F Rode
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland
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Chakraborty S, Omidyan R, Alata I, Nielsen IB, Dedonder C, Broquier M, Jouvet C. Protonated Benzene Dimer: An Experimental and Ab Initio Study. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11091-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja903181k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Chakraborty
- Centre Laser de l’Université Paris Sud (EA. 4127), Bât. 106, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 - 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du CNRS (UPR 3361), Bât. 210, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 - 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Reza Omidyan
- Centre Laser de l’Université Paris Sud (EA. 4127), Bât. 106, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 - 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du CNRS (UPR 3361), Bât. 210, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 - 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Ivan Alata
- Centre Laser de l’Université Paris Sud (EA. 4127), Bât. 106, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 - 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du CNRS (UPR 3361), Bât. 210, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 - 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Iben B. Nielsen
- Centre Laser de l’Université Paris Sud (EA. 4127), Bât. 106, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 - 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du CNRS (UPR 3361), Bât. 210, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 - 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Claude Dedonder
- Centre Laser de l’Université Paris Sud (EA. 4127), Bât. 106, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 - 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du CNRS (UPR 3361), Bât. 210, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 - 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Michel Broquier
- Centre Laser de l’Université Paris Sud (EA. 4127), Bât. 106, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 - 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du CNRS (UPR 3361), Bât. 210, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 - 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Jouvet
- Centre Laser de l’Université Paris Sud (EA. 4127), Bât. 106, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 - 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du CNRS (UPR 3361), Bât. 210, Univ. Paris-Sud 11 - 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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IR spectra of resorcinol+–Arn cluster cations (n=1, 2): Evidence for photoionization-induced π→H isomerization. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Alata I, Omidyan R, Dedonder-Lardeux C, Broquier M, Jouvet C. Electronically excited states of protonated aromatic molecules: benzaldehyde. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:11479-86. [DOI: 10.1039/b913422k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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37
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Patzer A, Knorke H, Langer J, Dopfer O. IR spectra of phenol+–(O2)n cation clusters (n=1–4): Hydrogen bonding versus stacking interactions. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ishiuchi SI, Sakai M, Tsuchida Y, Takeda A, Kawashima Y, Dopfer O, Müller-Dethlefs K, Fujii M. IR signature of the photoionization-induced hydrophobic→hydrophilic site switching in phenol-Arn clusters. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:114307. [PMID: 17887837 DOI: 10.1063/1.2775935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IR spectra of phenol-Arn (PhOH-Arn) clusters with n=1 and 2 were measured in the neutral and cationic electronic ground states in order to determine the preferential intermolecular ligand binding motifs, hydrogen bonding (hydrophilic interaction) versus pi bonding (hydrophobic interaction). Analysis of the vibrational frequencies of the OH stretching motion, nuOH, observed in nanosecond IR spectra demonstrates that neutral PhOH-Ar and PhOH-Ar2 as well as cationic PhOH+-Ar have a pi-bound structure, in which the Ar atoms bind to the aromatic ring. In contrast, the PhOH+-Ar2 cluster cation is concluded to have a H-bound structure, in which one Ar atom is hydrogen-bonded to the OH group. This pi-->H binding site switching induced by ionization was directly monitored in real time by picosecond time-resolved IR spectroscopy. The pi-bound nuOH band is observed just after the ionization and disappears simultaneously with the appearance of the H-bound nuOH band. The analysis of the picosecond IR spectra demonstrates that (i) the pi-->H site switching is an elementary reaction with a time constant of approximately 7 ps, which is roughly independent of the available internal vibrational energy, (ii) the barrier for the isomerization reaction is rather low(<100 cm(-1)), (iii) both the position and the width of the H-bound nuOH band change with the delay time, and the time evolution of these spectral changes can be rationalized by intracluster vibrational energy redistribution occurring after the site switching. The observation of the ionization-induced switch from pi bonding to H bonding in the PhOH+-Ar2 cation corresponds to the first manifestation of an intermolecular isomerization reaction in a charged aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-ichi Ishiuchi
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Macleod NA, Simons JP. Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of protonated neurotransmitters in the gas phase. Mol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970701194285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Pasker FM, Solcà N, Dopfer O. Spectroscopic Identification of Carbenium and Ammonium Isomers of Protonated Aniline (AnH+): IR Spectra of Weakly Bound AnH+−Ln Clusters (L = Ar, N2). J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:12793-804. [PMID: 17125293 DOI: 10.1021/jp064571a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectra of mass-selected clusters composed of protonated aniline (C6H8N+ = AnH+) and a variable number of neutral ligands (L = Ar, N2) are obtained in the N-H stretch range. The AnH+ -Ln complexes (n < or = 3) are produced by chemical ionization in a supersonic expansion of An, H2, and L. The IRPD spectra of AnH+-Ln feature the unambiguous fingerprints of at least two different AnH+ nucleation centers, namely, the ammonium isomer (5) and the carbenium ions (1 and/or 3) corresponding to protonation at the N atom and at the C atoms in the para and/or ortho positions, respectively. Protonation at the meta and ipso positions is not observed. Both classes of observed AnH+-Ln isomers exhibit very different photofragmentation behavior upon vibrational excitation arising from the different interaction strengths of the AnH+ cores with the surrounding neutral ligands. Analysis of the incremental N-H stretch frequency shifts as a function of cluster size shows that microsolvation of both 5 and 1/3 in Ar and N2 starts with the formation of intermolecular H bonds of the ligands to the acidic NH protons and proceeds by intermolecular pi bonding to the aromatic ring. The analysis of both the photofragmentation branching ratios and the N-H stretch frequencies demonstrates that the N-H bonds in 5 are weaker and more acidic than those in 1/3, leading to stronger intermolecular H bonds with L. The interpretation of the spectroscopic data is supported by density functional calculations conducted at the B3LYP level using the 6-31G* and 6-311G(2df,2pd) basis sets. Comparison with clusters of neutral aniline and the aniline radical cation demonstrates the drastic effect of protonation and ionization on the acidity of the N-H bonds and the topology of the intermolecular potential, in particular on the preferred aromatic substrate-nonpolar ligand recognition motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Pasker
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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Macleod‡ NA, Simons JP. Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of protonated neurotransmitters in the gas phase – ARTICLE WITHDRAWN. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970601110340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Chiavarino B, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S, Lemaire J, Maître P, MacAleese L. π-Complex Structure of Gaseous Benzene−NO Cations Assayed by IR Multiple Photon Dissociation Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:12553-61. [PMID: 16984206 DOI: 10.1021/ja0637548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[C(6)H(6)NO](+) ions, in two isomeric forms involved as key intermediates in the aromatic nitrosation reaction, have been produced in the gas phase and analyzed by IR multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy in the 800-2200 cm(-)(1) fingerprint wavenumber range, exploiting the high fluence and wide tunability of a free electron laser (FEL) source. The IRMPD spectra were compared with the IR absorption spectra calculated for the optimized structures of potential isomers, thus allowing structural information on the absorbing species. [C(6)H(6)NO](+) ions were obtained by two routes, taking advantage of the FEL coupling to two different ion traps. In the first one, an FT-ICR mass spectrometer, a sequence of ion-molecule reactions was allowed to occur, ultimately leading to an NO(+) transfer process to benzene. The so-formed ions displayed IRMPD features characteristic of a [benzene,NO](+) pi-complex structure, including a prominent band at 1963 cm(-)(1), within the range for the N-O bond stretching vibration of NO (1876 cm(-)(1)) and NO(+) (2344 cm(-)(1)). A quite distinct species is formed by electrospray ionization (ESI) of a methanol solution of nitrosobenzene. The ions transferred and stored in a Paul ion trap showed the IRMPD features of substituent protonated nitrosobenzene, the most stable among conceivable [C(6)H(6)NO](+) isomers according to computations. It is noteworthy that IRMPD is successful in allowing a discrimination between isomeric [C(6)H(6)NO](+) species, whereas high-energy collision-induced dissociation fails in this task. The [benzene,NO](+) pi-complex is characterized by IRMPD spectroscopy as an exemplary noncovalent ionic adduct between two important biomolecular moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chiavarino
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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Chiavarino B, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S, Dopfer O, Lemaire J, Maître P. IR Spectroscopic Features of Gaseous C7H7O+ Ions: Benzylium versus Tropylium Ion Structures. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:9352-60. [PMID: 16869683 DOI: 10.1021/jp0628380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gaseous [C7H7O]+ ions have been formed by protonation of benzaldehyde or tropone (2,4,6-cycloheptatrienone) in the cell of an FT-ICR mass spectrometer using C2H5(+) as a Brønsted acid. The so-formed species have been assayed by infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) using the free electron laser (FEL) at the CLIO (Centre Laser Infrarouge Orsay) facility. The IRMPD features are quite distinct for ions from the two different precursors, pointing to two different isomers. A number of potential structures for [C7H7O]+ ions have been optimized at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory, and their relative energies and IR spectra are reported. On this basis, the IRMPD spectra of [C7H7O]+ ions are found to display features characteristic of O-protonated species, with no evidence of any further skeletal rearrangements. The so-formed ions are thus hydroxy-substituted benzylium and tropylium ions, respectively, representative members of the benzylium/tropylium ion family. The IRMPD assay using the FEL laser light has allowed their unambiguous discrimination where other mass spectrometric techniques have yielded a less conclusive answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chiavarino
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
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44
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Zeng K, Cao ZX. Protonation of Pyrrole and Furan by H3O+ and NH4+ in the Gas Phase: A Density Functional Theory Study. CHINESE J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200690056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Dopfer O. IR spectroscopic strategies for the structural characterization of isolated and microsolvated arenium ions. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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Chen H, Xu R, Chen H, Cooks RG, Ouyang Z. Ion/molecule reactions in a miniature RIT mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:1403-11. [PMID: 16255061 DOI: 10.1002/jms.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ion/molecule reactions were explored in a newly developed miniature mass spectrometer fitted with a rectilinear ion trap (RIT) mass analyzer. The tandem mass spectrometry performance of this instrument is demonstrated using collision induced dissociation (CID) and ion/molecule reactions. The latter includes Eberlin transacetalization reactions and electrophilic additions. Selective detection of the chemical warfare simulant dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) was achieved through selective Eberlin reactions of its characteristic phosphonium fragment ion CH3OP(+)(O)CH3 (m/z 93), with 1,4-dioxane or 1,3-dioxolane. Efficient adduct formation as a result of electrophilic attack by the phosphonium ion on various nucleophilic reagents, including 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl urea, methanesulfonic acid methyl ester, dimethyl sulfoxide and methyl salicylate, was also observed using the RIT device. The product ions of these reactions were analyzed using CID and the characteristic fragmentation patterns of the ionic addition products were recorded using multiple-stage experiments in the miniature RIT instrument. This study clearly demonstrates that a small, home-built, miniature RIT mass spectrometer can be used to perform analytically useful ion/molecule reactions and also that instruments like this have the potential to provide a portable platform for in situ detection of organophosphorus esters and related compounds with high specificity using tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanwen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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47
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Dopfer O, Solcà N, Lemaire J, Maitre P, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S. Protonation Sites of Isolated Fluorobenzene Revealed by IR Spectroscopy in the Fingerprint Range. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:7881-7. [PMID: 16834169 DOI: 10.1021/jp052907v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protonated fluorobenzene ions (C6H6F+) are produced by chemical ionization of C6H5F in the cell of a FT-ICR mass spectrometer using either CH5+ or C2H5+. The resulting protonation sites are probed by IR multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy in the 600-1700 cm-1 fingerprint range employing the free electron laser at CLIO (Centre Laser Infrarouge Orsay). Comparison with quantum chemical calculations reveals that the IRMPD spectra are consistent with protonation in para and/or ortho position, which are the thermodynamically favored protonation sites. The lack of observation of protonation at the F substituent, when CH5+ is used as protonating agent, is attributed to the low-pressure conditions in the ICR cell where the ions are produced. Comparison of the C6H6F+ spectrum with IR spectra of C6H5F and C6H7+ reveals the effects of both protonation and H F substitution on the structural properties of these fundamental aromatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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48
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Solcà N, Dopfer O. Hydrogen-Bonded Networks in Ethanol Proton Wires: IR Spectra of (EtOH)qH+−Ln Clusters (L = Ar/N2, q ≤ 4, n ≤ 5). J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:6174-86. [PMID: 16833957 DOI: 10.1021/jp0514776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Isolated and microsolvated protonated ethanol clusters, (EtOH)qH+-Ln with L = Ar and N2, are characterized by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy in the 3 microm range and quantum chemical calculations. For comparison, also the spectrum of the protonated methanol dimer, (MeOH)2H+, is presented. The IRPD spectra carry the signature of H-bonded (EtOH)qH+ chain structures, in which the excess proton is either strongly localized on one or (nearly) equally shared between two EtOH molecules, corresponding to Eigen-type ion cores (EtOH2+ for q = 1, 3) or Zundel-type ion cores (EtOH-H+-HOEt for q = 2, 4), respectively. In contrast to neutral (EtOH)q clusters, no cyclic (EtOH)qH+ isomers are detected in the size range investigated (q < or = 4), indicative of the substantial impact of the excess proton on the properties of the H-bonded ethanol network. The acidity of the two terminal OH groups in the (EtOH)qH+ chains decreases with the length of the chain (q). Comparison between (ROH)qH+ with R = CH3 and C2H5 shows that the acidity of the terminal O-H groups increases with the length of the aliphatic rest (R). The most stable (EtOH)qH+-Ln clusters with n < or = 2 feature intermolecular H-bonds between the inert ligands and the two available terminal OH groups of the (EtOH)qH+ chain. Asymmetric microsolvation of (EtOH)qH+ with q = 2 and 4 promotes a switch from Zundel-type to Eigen-type cores, demonstrating that the fundamental structural motif of the (EtOH)qH+ proton wire sensitively depends on the environment. The strength of the H-bonds between L and (EtOH)qH+ is shown to provide a rather sensitive probe of the acidity of the terminal OH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Solcà
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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49
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Andrei HS, Solcà N, Dopfer O. Interaction of Ionic Biomolecular Building Blocks with Nonpolar Solvents: Acidity of the Imidazole Cation (Im+) Probed by IR Spectra of Im+−Ln Complexes (L = Ar, N2; n ≤ 3). J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:3598-607. [PMID: 16839026 DOI: 10.1021/jp0441487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The intermolecular interaction between the imidazole cation (Im+ = C3N2H4+) and nonpolar ligands is characterized in the ground electronic state by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy of size-selected Im+-Ln complexes (L = Ar, N2) and quantum chemical calculations performed at the UMP2/6-311G(2df,2pd) and UB3LYP/6-311G(2df,2pd) levels of theory. The complexes are created in an electron impact cluster ion source, which predominantly produces the most stable isomers of a given cluster ion. The analysis of the size-dependent frequency shifts of both the N-H and the C-H stretch vibrations and the photofragmentation branching ratios provides valuable information about the stepwise microsolvation of Im+ in a nonpolar hydrophobic environment, including the formation of structural isomers, the competition between various intermolecular binding motifs (H-bonding and pi-bonding) and their interaction energies, and the acidity of both the CH and NH protons. In line with the calculations, the IRPD spectra show that the most stable Im+-L dimers feature planar H-bound equilibrium structures with nearly linear H-bonds of L to the acidic NH group of Im+. Further solvation occurs at the aromatic ring of Im+ via the formation of intermolecular pi-bonds. Comparison with neutral Im-Ar demonstrates the drastic effect of ionization on the topology of the intermolecular potential, in particular in the preferred aromatic substrate-nonpolar recognition motif, which changes from pi-bonding to H-bonding. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Horia-Sorin Andrei
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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50
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Chiavarino B, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S, Lemaire J, Aleese LM, Maitre P. Infrared Spectroscopy of Protonated Phenylsilane in the Gas Phase. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:437-40. [PMID: 15799466 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200400511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chiavarino
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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