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Shuman NS, Hunton DE, Viggiano AA. Ambient and Modified Atmospheric Ion Chemistry: From Top to Bottom. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4542-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5003479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory,
Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Donald E. Hunton
- Air Force Research Laboratory,
Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Albert A. Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory,
Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, United States
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Dochain A, Urbain X. Production of a rovibrationally selected O2+beam for dissociative recombination studies. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158405001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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3
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Hamberg M, Kashperka I, Thomas RD, Roueff E, Zhaunerchyk V, Danielsson M, af Ugglas M, Österdahl F, Vigren E, Kaminska M, Källberg A, Simonsson A, Paal A, Gerin M, Larsson M, Geppert WD. Experimental Studies of H13CO+ Recombining with Electrons at Energies between 2–50 000 meV. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:6034-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5032306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hamberg
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE- 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iryna Kashperka
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard D. Thomas
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evelyne Roueff
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, Place Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - Vitali Zhaunerchyk
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE- 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Danielsson
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus af Ugglas
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabian Österdahl
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Vigren
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Kaminska
- Institute
of Physics, Świętokrzyska Academy, ul. Świętokrzyska
15, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Anders Källberg
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ansgar Simonsson
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andras Paal
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mats Larsson
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolf D. Geppert
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Fournier JA, Shuman NS, Melko JJ, Ard SG, Viggiano AA. A novel technique for measurement of thermal rate constants and temperature dependences of dissociative recombination: CO2(+), CF3(+), N2O(+), C7H8(+), C7H7(+), C6H6(+), C6H5(+), C5H6(+), C4H4(+), and C3H3(+). J Chem Phys 2013; 138:154201. [PMID: 23614415 DOI: 10.1063/1.4801657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel technique using a flowing afterglow-Langmuir probe apparatus for measurement of temperature dependences of rate constants for dissociative recombination (DR) is presented. Low (~10(11) cm(-3)) concentrations of a neutral precursor are added to a noble gas∕electron afterglow plasma thermalized at 300-500 K. Charge exchange yields one or many cation species, each of which may undergo DR. Relative ion concentrations are monitored at a fixed reaction time while the initial plasma density is varied between 10(9) and 10(10) cm(-3). Modeling of the decrease in concentration of each cation relative to the non-recombining noble gas cation yields the rate constant for DR. The technique is applied to several species (O2(+), CO2(+), CF3(+), N2O(+)) with previously determined 300 K values, showing excellent agreement. The measurements of those species are extended to 500 K, with good agreement to literature values where they exist. Measurements are also made for a range of CnHm(+) (C7H7(+), C7H8(+), C5H6(+), C4H4(+), C6H5(+), C3H3(+), and C6H6(+)) derived from benzene and toluene neutral precursors. CnHm(+) DR rate constants vary from 8-12 × 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K with temperature dependences of approximately T(-0.7). Where prior measurements exist these results are in agreement, with the exception of C3H3(+) where the present results disagree with a previously reported flat temperature dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Fournier
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA
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Savee JD, Mann JE, Laperle CM, Continetti RE. Experimental probes of transient neutral species using dissociative charge exchange. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2010.537131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Huestis DL, Slanger TG, Sharpee BD, Fox JL. Chemical origins of the Mars ultraviolet dayglow. Faraday Discuss 2010; 147:307-22; discussion 379-403. [DOI: 10.1039/c003456h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Mics Z, Kužel P, Jungwirth P, Bradforth SE. Photoionization of atmospheric gases studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Thomas RD. When electrons meet molecular ions and what happens next: dissociative recombination from interstellar molecular clouds to internal combustion engines. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2008; 27:485-530. [PMID: 18618616 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of matter with its environment is the driving force behind the evolution of 99% of the observed matter in the universe. The majority of the visible universe exists in a state of weak ionization, the so called fourth state of matter: plasma. Plasmas are ubiquitous, from those occurring naturally; interstellar molecular clouds, cometary comae, circumstellar shells, to those which are anthropic in origin; flames, combustion engines and fusion reactors. The evolution of these plasmas is driven by the interaction of the plasma constituents, the ions, and the electrons. One of the most important subsets of these reactions is electron-molecular ion recombination. This process is significant for two very important reasons. It is an ionization reducing reaction, removing two ionised species and producing neutral products. Furthermore, these products may themselves be reactive radical species which can then further drive the evolution of the plasma. The rate at which the electron reacts with the ion depends on many parameters, for examples the collision energy, the internal energy of the ion, and the structure of the ion itself. Measuring these properties together with the manner in which the system breaks up is therefore critical if the evolution of the environment is to be understood at all. Several techniques have been developed to study just such reactions to obtain the necessary information on the parameters. In this paper the focus will be on one the most recently developed of these, the Ion Storage Ring, together with the detection tools and techniques used to extract the necessary information from the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Thomas
- Department of Physics, Albanova University Centre, Stockholm University, S106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Geppert W, Larsson M. Dissociative recombination in the interstellar medium and planetary ionospheres. Mol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970802322074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Laarmann T, Wabnitz H, von Haeften K, Möller T. Photochemical processes in doped argon-neon core-shell clusters: The effect of cage size on the dissociation of molecular oxygen. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:014502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2815798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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11
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Kampfrath T, Gericke DO, Perfetti L, Tegeder P, Wolf M, Frischkorn C. Long- and short-lived electrons with anomalously high collision rates in laser-ionized gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:066401. [PMID: 18233926 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.066401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort broadband terahertz pulses are applied to probe the electron dynamics of gaseous Ar and O2 following ionization by an intense femtosecond laser pulse. The conductivity in the plasma center is extracted by a modified Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approach. It exhibits a nearly perfect Drude-like spectral shape and yields the temporal evolution of the free-electron density and collision rate. While the electron density in the Ar plasma remains nearly constant during the first 200ps after generation, it decays much faster in O2 due to dissociative recombination which is only possible in molecular plasmas. Adding a small amount of the electron scavenger SF6 to Ar reduces the electron lifetime in the plasma dramatically and allows us to determine the electron temperature to about 20,000K . Furthermore, anomalously high, metal-like electron collision rates of up to 25THz are found. Kinetic plasma theory substantially underestimates these rates pointing towards additional and more complex processes randomizing the total electronic momentum. Our results are relevant to both lightning control and generation of terahertz radiation by intense laser pulses in gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kampfrath
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Cipriani F, Leblanc F, Berthelier JJ. Martian corona: Nonthermal sources of hot heavy species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Zhaunerchyk V, Al-Khalili A, Thomas RD, Geppert WD, Bednarska V, Petrignani A, Ehlerding A, Hamberg M, Larsson M, Rosen S, van der Zande WJ. Rotational state effects in the dissociative recombination of H2+. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:013201. [PMID: 17678152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the dissociative recombination (DR) of molecular hydrogen ions with slow electrons over a range of collision energies from 0 to 400 meV. By employing a pulsed expansion source for rotational cooling and by exploiting super elastic collisions with near-0-eV electrons in a heavy ion storage ring for vibrational cooling, we observe a highly structured DR cross section, comparable to that reported for HD+. Using para-hydrogen-enriched ion beams, we identify for the first time features in the DR cross sections attributed to nu=0, J=even molecules (para-H2) and nu=0, J=odd (ortho-H2) molecules, separately. Indications are given that para levels have different DR rate coefficients from ortho levels for the first four vibrational levels at near-0-eV collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Zhaunerchyk
- Department of Physics, Albanova University Centre, Stockholm University, S106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Viggiano AA. Reexamination of ionospheric chemistry: high temperature kinetics, internal energy dependences, unusual isomers, and corrections. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:2557-71. [PMID: 16738710 DOI: 10.1039/b603585j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A number of aspects of ionospheric chemistry are revisited. The review discusses in detail only work performed at AFRL, but other work is mentioned. A large portion of the paper discusses measurements of the kinetics of upper ionospheric reactions at very high temperatures, i.e. the upper temperature range has been extended to at least 1400 K and in some cases to 1800 K. These temperatures are high enough to excite vibrations in O2, N2, and NO and comparing them to drift tube data allows information on the rotational temperature and vibrational level dependences to be derived. Rotational and translational energy are equivalent in controlling the kinetics in most reactions. Vibrational energy in O2 and N2 is often found to promote reactivity which is shown to cause ionospheric density depletions. NO vibrations do not significantly affect the reactivity. In a number of cases, detailed calculations accompanied the experimental studies and elucidated details of the mechanisms. Kinetics of two peroxide isomers important in the lower ionospheric have been measured for the first time, i.e. NOO+ and ONOO-. Finally, two examples are shown where errors in previous data are corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd., Hanscom Air Force Base, MA 01731-3010, USA
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Petrignani A, Andersson PU, Pettersson JBC, Thomas RD, Hellberg F, Ehlerding A, Larsson M, van der Zande WJ. Dissociative recombination of the weakly bound NO-dimer cation: cross sections and three-body dynamics. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:194306. [PMID: 16321087 DOI: 10.1063/1.2116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissociative recombination (DR) of the dimer ion (NO)(2) (+) has been studied at the heavy-ion storage ring CRYRING at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory, Stockholm. The experiments were aimed at determining details on the strongly enhanced thermal rate coefficient for the dimer, interpreting the dissociation dynamics of the dimer ion, and studying the degree of similarity to the behavior in the monomer. The DR rate reveals that the very large efficiency of the dimer rate with respect to the monomer is limited to electron energies below 0.2 eV. The fragmentation products reveal that the breakup into the three-body channel NO+O+N dominates with a probability of 0.69+/-0.02. The second most important channel yields NO+NO fragments with a probability of 0.23+/-0.03. Furthermore, the dominant three-body breakup yields electronic and vibrational ground-state products, NO(upsilon=0)+N((4)S)+O((3)P), in about 45% of the cases. The internal product-state distribution of the NO fragment shows a similarity with the product-state distribution as predicted by the Franck-Condon overlap between a NO moiety of the dimer ion and a free NO. The dissociation dynamics seem to be independent of the NO internal energy. Finally, the dissociation dynamics reveal a correlation between the kinetic energy of the NO fragment and the degree of conservation of linear momentum between the O and N product atoms. The observations support a mechanism in which the recoil takes place along one of the NO bonds in the dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Petrignani
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mics Z, Kadlec F, Kuzel P, Jungwirth P, Bradforth SE, Apkarian VA. Nonresonant ionization of oxygen molecules by femtosecond pulses: Plasma dynamics studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:104310. [PMID: 16178600 DOI: 10.1063/1.2032987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that optical pump-terahertz probe spectroscopy is a direct experimental tool for exploring laser-induced ionization and plasma formation in gases. Plasma was produced in gaseous oxygen by focused amplified femtosecond pulses. The ionization mechanisms at 400- and 800-nm excitation wavelengths differ significantly being primarily of a multiphoton character in the former case and a strong-field process in the latter case. The generation of the plasma in the focal volume of the laser and its expansion on subnanosecond time scale is directly monitored through its density-dependent susceptibility. A Drude model used to evaluate the plasma densities and electron-scattering rates successfully captures the observations for a wide range of pump intensities. In addition, rotational fingerprints of molecular and ionic species were also observed in the spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Mics
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague
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Petrignani A, Hellberg F, Thomas RD, Larsson M, Cosby PC, van der Zande WJ. Electron energy-dependent product state distributions in the dissociative recombination of O2+. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:234311. [PMID: 16008445 DOI: 10.1063/1.1937388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present product state distributions and quantum yields from the dissociative recombination reaction of O2+ in its electronic and vibrational ground states as a function of electron collision energy between 0 and 300 meV. The experiments have been performed in the heavy-ion storage ring, CRYRING, and use a cold hollow-cathode discharge source for the production of cold molecular oxygen ions. The branching fractions over the different dissociation limits show distinct oscillations while the resulting product quantum yields are largely independent of electron collision energy above 40 meV. The branching results are well reproduced assuming an isotropic dissociation process, in contrast with recent theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Petrignani
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Petrignani A, Hellberg F, Thomas RD, Larsson M, Cosby PC, Zande WJVD. Vibrational dependence in the dissociative recombination of O2+. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/4/1/025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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