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Badala Viswanatha C, Stöckl J, Arnoldi B, Becker S, Aeschlimann M, Stadtmüller B. Vectorial Electron Spin Filtering by an All-Chiral Metal-Molecule Heterostructure. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6244-6249. [PMID: 35771050 PMCID: PMC9272820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the electrons' chiral induced spin selective transmission (CISS) through chiral molecules has opened the pathway for manipulating spin transport in nonmagnetic structures on the nanoscale. CISS has predominantly been explored in structurally helical molecules on surfaces, where the spin selectivity affects only the spin polarization of the electrons along their direction of propagation. Here, we demonstrate a spin selective electron transmission for the point-chiral molecule 3-methylcyclohexanone (3-MCHO) adsorbed on the chiral Cu(643)R surface. Using spin- and momentum-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, we detect a spin-dependent electron transmission through a single layer of 3-MCHO molecules that depends on all three components of the electrons' spin. Crucially, exchanging the enantiomers alters the electrons' spin component oriented parallel to the terraces of the Cu(643)R surface. The findings are attributed to the enantiomer-specific adsorption configuration on the surface. This opens the intriguing opportunity to selectively tune CISS by the enantiospecific molecule-surface interaction in all-chiral heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetana Badala Viswanatha
- Department
of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Department
of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benito Arnoldi
- Department
of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sebastian Becker
- Department
of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Martin Aeschlimann
- Department
of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stadtmüller
- Department
of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Staudingerweg
7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Li M, Yang S, Chen C, Ren JC, Fuentes-Cabrera M, Li S, Liu W. External strain-enhanced cysteine enantiomeric separation ability on alloyed stepped surfaces. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:154701. [PMID: 31005111 DOI: 10.1063/1.5090276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using density functional theory with an accurate treatment of van der Waals interactions, we investigate the enantioselective recognition and separation of chiral molecules on stepped metal surfaces. Our calculations demonstrate that the separation ability of metal substrates can be significantly enhanced by surface decoration and external strain. For example, applying 2% tensile strain to the Ag-alloyed Au(532) surface leads to a dramatic increase (by 89%) in cysteine enantioselectivity as compared to that of pristine Au(532). Analysis on the computed binding energies shows that the interaction energy is the predominant factor that affects the separation efficiency in strongly bound systems. Our study presents a new strategy to modify the enantioselectivity of stepped metal surfaces and paves the way for exploring high efficiency chiral separation technology in pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ji-Chang Ren
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Miguel Fuentes-Cabrera
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Shuang Li
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Gladys MJ, Han JW, Pedersen TS, Tadich A, O'Donnell KM, Thomsen L. Adsorption differences between low coverage enantiomers of alanine on the chiral Cu{421} R surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:13562-13570. [PMID: 28513743 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01844d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chiral separation using heterogeneous methods has long been sought after. Chiral metal surfaces have the potential to make it possible to model these systems using small amino acids, the building blocks for proteins. A comparison of submonolayer concentrations of alanine enantiomers adsorbed onto Cu{421}R has revealed a large geometrical differences between the two molecules as compared to the saturated coverage. Large differences were observed in HR-XPS and NEXAFS and complemented by theoretical DFT calculations. At approximately one third of a monolayer a comparison of the C1s XPS signal showed a shift in the methyl group of more than 300 meV indicating that the two enantiomers are in different chemical environments. NEXAFS spectroscopy confirmed the XPS variations and showed large differences in the orientation of the adsorbed molecules. Our DFT results show that the l-enantiomer is energetically the most stable in the {311} microfacet configuration. In contrast to the full monolayer coverage, these lower coverages showed enhanced selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gladys
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Franke JH, Kosov DS. Chiral selectivity of amino acid adsorption on chiral surfaces--the case of alanine on Pt. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:054708. [PMID: 25662661 DOI: 10.1063/1.4907276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the binding pattern of the amino acid alanine on the naturally chiral Pt surfaces Pt(531), Pt(321), and Pt(643). These surfaces are all vicinal to the {111} direction but have different local environments of their kink sites and are thus a model for realistic roughened Pt surfaces. Alanine has only a single methyl group attached to its chiral center, which makes the number of possible binding conformations computationally tractable. Additionally, only the amine and carboxyl group are expected to interact strongly with the Pt substrate. On Pt(531), we study the molecule in its pristine as well as its deprotonated form and find that the deprotonated one is more stable by 0.47 eV. Therefore, we study the molecule in its deprotonated form on Pt(321) and Pt(643). As expected, the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the deprotonated molecule provide a local binding "tripod" and the most stable adsorption configurations optimize the interaction of this "tripod" with undercoordinated surface atoms. However, the interaction of the methyl group plays an important role: it induces significant chiral selectivity of about 60 meV on all surfaces. Hereby, the L-enantiomer adsorbs preferentially to the Pt(321)(S) and Pt(643)(S) surfaces, while the D-enantiomer is more stable on Pt(531)(S). The binding energies increase with increasing surface density of kink sites, i.e., they are largest for Pt(531)(S) and smallest for Pt(643)(S).
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Franke
- Department of Physics, Campus Plaine - CP 231, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D S Kosov
- Department of Physics, Campus Plaine - CP 231, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Franke JH, Kosov DS. Adsorption and ring-opening of lactide on the chiral metal surface Pt(321)(S) studied by density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:044703. [PMID: 25637999 DOI: 10.1063/1.4906151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the adsorption and ring-opening of lactide on the naturally chiral metal surface Pt(321)(S). Lactide is a precursor for polylactic acid ring-opening polymerization, and Pt is a well known catalyst surface. We study, here, the energetics of the ring-opening of lactide on a surface that has a high density of kink atoms. These sites are expected to be present on a realistic Pt surface and show enhanced catalytic activity. The use of a naturally chiral surface also enables us to study potential chiral selectivity effects of the reaction at the same time. Using density functional theory with a functional that includes the van der Waals forces in a first-principles manner, we find modest adsorption energies of around 1.4 eV for the pristine molecule and different ring-opened states. The energy barrier to be overcome in the ring-opening reaction is found to be very small at 0.32 eV and 0.30 eV for LL- and its chiral partner DD-lactide, respectively. These energies are much smaller than the activation energy for a dehydrogenation reaction of 0.78 eV. Our results thus indicate that (a) ring-opening reactions of lactide on Pt(321) can be expected already at very low temperatures, and Pt might be a very effective catalyst for this reaction; (b) the ring-opening reaction rate shows noticeable enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Franke
- Department of Physics, Campus Plaine - CP 231, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D S Kosov
- Department of Physics, Campus Plaine - CP 231, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Franke JH, Kosov DS. Enantioselectivity of (321) chiral noble metal surfaces: A density functional theory study of lactate adsorption. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:224709. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4839755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Franke JH, Kosov DS. Adsorption of lactic acid on chiral Pt surfaces—A density functional theory study. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:084705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4792441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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8
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Eralp T, Ievins A, Shavorskiy A, Jenkins SJ, Held G. The Importance of Attractive Three-Point Interaction in Enantioselective Surface Chemistry: Stereospecific Adsorption of Serine on the Intrinsically Chiral Cu{531} Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9615-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja210499m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Eralp
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6
6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Ievins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Lensfield Road, Cambridge,
CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey Shavorskiy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6
6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Jenkins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Lensfield Road, Cambridge,
CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Held
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6
6AD, United Kingdom
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Picaud F, Herlem G, Girardet C. Control of carbon nanotube handedness using a supramolecular chiral surface. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:154703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3646965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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The Study of Chiral Adsorption Systems Using Synchrotron-Based Structural and Spectroscopic Techniques: Stereospecific Adsorption of Serine on Au-Modified Chiral Cu{531} Surfaces. Top Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-011-9757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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Han JW, Sholl DS. Enantiospecific adsorption of amino acids on hydroxylated quartz (101̄0). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:8024-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b926035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Han JW, Sholl DS. Enantiospecific adsorption of amino acids on hydroxylated quartz (0001). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:10737-10745. [PMID: 19496574 DOI: 10.1021/la901264e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been used to study the adsorption of glycine, alanine, serine, and cysteine on the hydroxylated (0001) surface of alpha-quartz. We found negligible differences in adsorption energies for the most stable minima of enantiomers of alanine on this surface. There are, however, measurable energy differences between the two enantiomers of both serine and cysteine in their most stable states. The source of this enantiospecificity is mainly the difference in the strength of hydrogen bonds between the surface and the two enantiomers. Our results provide initial information on how amino acids can exhibit enantiospecific adsorption on hydroxylated quartz surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Han
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, USA
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Han JW, Kitchin JR, Sholl DS. Step decoration of chiral metal surfaces. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:124710. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3096964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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