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Cao Z, Zheng S. The effects of side chain engineering on the morphology and charge transport of the A-DA 1D-A type of non-fullerene acceptor: a multiscale study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2666-2677. [PMID: 38175164 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The appearance of the A-DA1D-A type of non-fullerene acceptor Y6 and its derivatives significantly improves the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. However, the effects of the modulation of the side chains of Y6 on its morphology and charge transport in organic thin films are still not well understood. In this work, we have systematically studied the effects of symmetric modifications of the length of alkyl side chains and the types, such as branched or straight alkyl chains, and the introduction of heteroatoms to side chains on these properties. A multiscale study, including density functional theory and classical molecular dynamics simulations, has been used to answer this open question. We find that face-on configurations are generally dominant for the AA, A1A1, and DD stacking of molecular pairs. With respect to prototype Y6, the introduction of oxygen atoms to outer alkyl side chains could enhance AA stacking but worsen the electrical network and enlarge the reorganization energy during electron transfer, and changing outer side straight alkyl chains to branched chains ruins π-π stacking of all units significantly. Finally, we discover that shortening outer alkyl side chains appropriately or changing inner branched chains to straight chains with the same number of carbon atoms is a good strategy to improve the molecular π-π stacking and electron mobility of Y6 while changing outer straight side chains to branched chains or introducing oxygen atoms to outer straight chains is the opposite. This study provides a new insight into the relationship between morphology and electron mobility and will be helpful for the design of future high-performance non-fullerene acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Navamani K, Rajkumar K. Generalization on Entropy-Ruled Charge and Energy Transport for Organic Solids and Biomolecular Aggregates. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27102-27115. [PMID: 35967056 PMCID: PMC9366796 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a generalized version of the entropy-ruled charge and energy transport mechanism for organic solids and biomolecular aggregates is presented. The effects of thermal disorder and electric field on electronic transport in molecular solids have been quantified by entropy, which eventually varies with respect to the typical disorder (static or dynamic). Based on our previous differential entropy (h s )-driven charge transport method, we explore the nonsteady carrier energy flux principle for soft matter systems from small organic solids to macrobiomolecular aggregates. Through this principle, the synergic nature of charge and energy transport in different organic systems is addressed. In this work, entropy is the key parameter to classify whether the carrier dynamics is in a nonsteady or steady state. Besides that, we also propose the formulation for unifying the hopping and band transport, which provides the relaxation time-hopping rate relation and the relaxation time-effective mass ratio. The calculated disorder drift time (or entropy-weighted carrier drift time) for hole transport in an alkyl-substituted triphenylamine (TPA) molecular device is 9.3 × 10-7 s, which illustrates nuclear dynamics-coupled charge transfer kinetics. The existence of nonequilibrium transport is anticipated while the carrier dynamics is in the nonsteady state, which is further examined from the rate of traversing potential in octupolar molecules. Our entropy-ruled Einstein model connects the adiabatic band and nonadiabatic hopping transport mechanisms. The logarithmic current density at different electric field-assisted site energy differences provides information about the typical transport (whether trap-free diffusion or trap-assisted recombination) in molecular devices, which reflects in the Navamani-Shockley diode equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppuchamy Navamani
- Department
of Physics, Centre for Research and Development
(CFRD), KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641407, India
| | - Kanakaraj Rajkumar
- Department
of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology
Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Zhang J, Xiang Y, Zheng S. From Y6 to BTPT-4F: a theoretical insight into the influence of the individual change of fused-ring skeleton length or side alkyl chains on molecular arrangements and electron mobility. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01515j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) Y6 have drawn tremendous attention due to the great progress in their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Yunjie Xiang
- School of Materials and Energy
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- School of Materials and Energy
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
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4
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Wen K, Pan X, Feng S, Wu W, Guo X, Zhang J. Theoretical design of azaacene-based non-fullerene electron transport material used in inverted perovskite solar cells. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1510146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Songyan Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpeng Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xugeng Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Ke Y, Zhao Y. The hierarchical and perturbative forms of stochastic Schrödinger equations and their applications to carrier dynamics in organic materials. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yaling Ke
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen China
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An B, Wen K, Feng S, Pan X, Wu W, Guo X, Zhang J. Theoretical insights into the 1D-charge transport properties in a series of hexaazatrinaphthylene-based discotic molecules. J Comput Chem 2017; 39:773-779. [PMID: 29280163 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Discotic liquid crystal (DLC) materials have attracted considerable attention mainly due to their high charge carrier mobilities in quasi-one-dimensional columns. In this article, five hexaazatrinaphthylene-based DLC molecules were investigated theoretically, and their frontier molecular orbital energy levels, crystal structures, and electron/hole drift mobilities were calculated by combination of density functional theory (DFT) and semiclassical Marcus charge transfer theory. The systems studied in this work include three experimentally reported molecules (1, 2, and 3) and two theoretically designed molecules (4 and 5). Compared with the 1-3 compounds, 4 and 5 have three more extended benzene rings in the π-conjugated core. The present results show that the orders of the frontier molecular orbital energy levels and electron drift mobilities agree very well with the experiment. For 4 and 5, the electron/hole reorganization energies are lower than those of compounds 1-3. Furthermore, the calculated electron/hole transfer integral of 5 is the largest among all the five systems, leading to the highest electron and hole mobilities. In addition, the hydrophobicity and solubility were also evaluated by DFT, indicating that compound 5 has good hydrophobicity and good solubility in trichloromethane. As a result, it is expected that compound 5 can be a potential charge transport material in electronic and optoelectronic devices. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei An
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Wen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Songyan Feng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Pan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xugeng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
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Chen L, Lu J, Long G, Zheng F, Zhang J, Zhao Y. Optical and transport properties of single crystal rubrene: A theoretical study. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Wu WP, Deng LL, Li X, Zhao Y. Theoretical insight into the stereometric effect of bisPC 71 BM on polymer cell performance. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Navamani K, Senthilkumar K. Forth-back oscillated charge carrier motion in dynamically disordered hexathienocoronene molecules: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:17729-38. [PMID: 26080732 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02189h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations were performed to investigate the charge transport properties of hexathienocoronene (HTC) based molecules. The effective displacement of the charge carrier along the π-orbital of nearby molecules is calculated by monitoring the forth and back oscillations of the charge carrier through kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. The charge transport parameters such as charge transfer rate, mobility, hopping conductivity, localized charge density, time average effective mass and degeneracy pressure are calculated and used to study the charge transport mechanism in the studied molecules. The existence of degeneracy levels facilitates the charge transfer and is analyzed through degeneracy pressure. Theoretical results show that the site energy difference in the dynamically disordered system controls the forth-back oscillation of charge carrier and facilitates the unidirectional charge transport mechanism along the sequential localized sites. The ethyl substituted HTC has good hole and electron hopping conductivity of 415 and 894 S cm(-1), respectively, whereas unsubstituted HTC has the small hole mobility of 0.06 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) which is due to large average effective mass of 1.42 × 10(-28) kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Navamani
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, India.
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Jiang H, Yang X, Cui Z, Liu Y, Li H, Hu W, Kloc C. Adjusting tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) functionality through molecular design for organic field-effect transistors. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Zhong X, Zhao Y. Non-Markovian stochastic Schrödinger equation at finite temperatures for charge carrier dynamics in organic crystals. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:014111. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4773319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Li H, Wang X, Li Z, Zheng R, Zhu Y. Theoretical study of the charge carrier mobilities of the molecular materials tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 2,5-bis(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene (BDH-TTP). Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Zhang W, Zhong X, Zhao Y. Electron mobilities of n-type organic semiconductors from time-dependent wavepacket diffusion method: pentacenequinone derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:11075-82. [PMID: 22483224 DOI: 10.1021/jp3023474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The electron mobilities of two n-type pentacenequinone derivative organic semiconductors, 5,7,12,14-tetraaza-6,13-pentacenequinone (TAPQ5) and 1,4,8,11-tetraaza-6,13-pentacenequinone (TAPQ7), are investigated with use of the methods of electronic structure and quantum dynamics. The electronic structure calculations reveal that the two key parameters for the control of electron transfer, reorganization energy and electronic coupling, are similar for these two isomerization systems, and the charge carriers essentially display one-dimensional transport properties. The mobilities are then calculated by using the time-dependent wavepacket diffusion approach in which the dynamic fluctuations of the electronic couplings are incorporated via their correlation functions obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. The predicted mobility of TAPQ7 crystal is about six times larger than that of TAPQ5 crystal. Most interestingly, Fermi's golden rule predicts the mobilities very close to those from the time-dependent wavepacket diffusion method, even though the electronic couplings are explicitly large enough to make the perturbation theory invalid. The possible reason is analyzed from the dynamic fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiWei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
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Nan G, Li Z. Influence of lattice dynamics on charge transport in the dianthra[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene organic crystals from a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9451-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40857k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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15
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Zhao Y, Liang W. Charge transfer in organic molecules for solar cells: theoretical perspective. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:1075-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15207f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Zhong X, Zhao Y. Charge carrier dynamics in phonon-induced fluctuation systems from time-dependent wavepacket diffusion approach. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:134110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3644965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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17
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Zhang W, Zhao Y, Liang W. Theoretical investigation of the non-Condon effect on electron transfer: Application to organic semiconductor. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-011-4255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Qin H, Zhong X, Si Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y. Effect of Group Electronegativity on Electron Transfer in Bis(hydrazine) Radical Cations. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3116-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110724f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubing Si
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
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Li HX, Zheng RH, Shi Q. Theoretical study on charge carrier mobilities of tetrathiafulvalene derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:5642-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01016b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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