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Colombo AP, Zhou Y, Prozument K, Coy SL, Field RW. Chirped-pulse millimeter-wave spectroscopy: spectrum, dynamics, and manipulation of Rydberg-Rydberg transitions. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:014301. [PMID: 23298035 DOI: 10.1063/1.4772762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We apply the chirped-pulse millimeter-wave (CPmmW) technique to transitions between Rydberg states in calcium atoms. The unique feature of Rydberg-Rydberg transitions is that they have enormous electric dipole transition moments (~5 kiloDebye at n* ~ 40, where n* is the effective principal quantum number), so they interact strongly with the mm-wave radiation. After polarization by a mm-wave pulse in the 70-84 GHz frequency region, the excited transitions re-radiate free induction decay (FID) at their resonant frequencies, and the FID is heterodyne-detected by the CPmmW spectrometer. Data collection and averaging are performed in the time domain. The spectral resolution is ~100 kHz. Because of the large transition dipole moments, the available mm-wave power is sufficient to polarize the entire bandwidth of the spectrometer (12 GHz) in each pulse, and high-resolution survey spectra may be collected. Both absorptive and emissive transitions are observed, and they are distinguished by the phase of their FID relative to that of the excitation pulse. With the combination of the large transition dipole moments and direct monitoring of transitions, we observe dynamics, such as transient nutations from the interference of the excitation pulse with the polarization that it induces in the sample. Since the waveform produced by the mm-wave source may be precisely controlled, we can populate states with high angular momentum by a sequence of pulses while recording the results of these manipulations in the time domain. We also probe the superradiant decay of the Rydberg sample using photon echoes. The application of the CPmmW technique to transitions between Rydberg states of molecules is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Colombo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Wilkinson I, Garcia IA, Whitaker BJ, Hamard JB, Blanchet V. The photodissociation of NO2 by visible and ultraviolet light. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:15766-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01551b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jungen C, Pratt ST. Renner-Teller interactions in the vibrational autoionization of polyatomic molecules. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:164310. [PMID: 19045269 DOI: 10.1063/1.2999553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrational autoionization induced by the Renner-Teller interaction in linear polyatomic molecules is considered in the context of the three-state electrostatic model developed by Gauyacq and Jungen [Mol. Phys. 41, 383 (1980)]. For small interactions, simple formulas are derived for the quantum defect matrix elements and the autoionization rates in terms of the more common Renner-Teller parameters derived from spectroscopic analyses of low-lying Rydberg states. These formulas should provide guidance for empirical fitting of quantum defect parameters to spectra of high Rydberg states. Consideration of typical values of the Renner-Teller parameters also allows the estimation of vibrational autoionization rates induced by these interactions. These estimates support the validity of the Deltav=-1 propensity rule for vibrational autoionization. Constraints on the vibrational autoionization rates for the symmetric stretching vibration are also discussed. In the following paper, electron capture by polyatomic molecular ions into vibrationally autoionizing Rydberg states is considered from the same perspective, and a simple formula is derived to allow the estimation of the effect of this process on dissociative recombination cross sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Jungen
- Laboratoire Aime Cotton du CNRS, Universite de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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Abstract
▪ Abstract The vibrationally autoionizing Rydberg states of small polyatomic molecules provide a fascinating laboratory in which to study fundamental nonadiabatic processes. In this review, recent results on the vibrational mode dependence of vibrational autoionization are discussed. In general, autoionization rates depend strongly on the character of the normal mode driving the process and on the electronic character of the Rydberg electron. Although quantitative calculations based on multichannel quantum defect theory are available for some polyatomic molecules, including H3, only qualitative information exists for most molecules. This review shows how qualitative information, such as Walsh diagrams along different normal coordinates of the molecule, can provide insight into the vibrational autoionization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Pratt
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 USA.
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Kay JJ, Byun DS, Clevenger JO, Jiang X, Petrović VS, Seiler R, Barchi JR, Merer AJ, Field RW. "Spectrum-only" assignment of core-penetrating and core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states of calcium monofluoride. CAN J CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/v04-071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rydberg states of calcium monofluoride in the n* = 1720 region have been observed by ionization-detected opticaloptical double-resonance spectroscopy via the D2Σ+ v = 1 intermediate state. All members of the six core-penetrating Rydberg series in the n* = 1720 region and several components of the 17f and 17g core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states have been assigned. While the assignment of core-penetrating Rydberg states is straightforward without use of an effective Hamiltonian model, "spectrum-only" assignment of core-nonpenetrating states is complicated because strong l-uncoupling causes the core-nonpenetrating states to evolve rapidly from Hund's case (b) to Hund's case (d) coupling. We describe "spectrum-only" assignment procedures, developed in the spirit of Gerhard Herzberg, that can be used to assign opticaloptical double-resonance spectra of core-penetrating and core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states using only information contained in the spectrum rather than predictions derived from an effective Hamiltonian model. The ambiguities that arise in the assignment of each class of states are discussed in detail.Key words: CaF, electric quadrupole moment, Rydberg states, laser spectroscopy.
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Bell P, Aguirre F, Grant ER, Pratt ST. State-Selective Production of Vibrationally Excited NO2+ by Double-Resonant Photoionization. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0400364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Bell
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - F. Aguirre
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E. R. Grant
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - S. T. Pratt
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Bell P, Aguirre F, Grant ER, Pratt ST. Mode dependent vibrational autoionization of Rydberg states of NO2. II. Comparing the symmetric stretching and bending vibrations. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:2667-76. [PMID: 15268410 DOI: 10.1063/1.1638379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-resonance excitation and high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy are combined to characterize the mode selectivity of vibrational autoionization of the high Rydberg states of NO2. Photoelectron spectra and vibrational branching fractions are reported for autoionizing Rydberg states converging to the NO2+ X 1Sigmag +(110) state, that is, with one quantum in the symmetric stretch, nu1, and one quantum in the bending vibration, nu2. These results indicate that autoionization proceeds most efficiently through the loss of one quantum from the symmetric stretch rather than from the bending vibration. The implications of this result are discussed in terms of the autoionization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Bell
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Bell P, Aguirre F, Grant ER, Pratt ST. Mode-dependent vibrational autoionization of NO2. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1618218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Füzéry A, Burcl R, Torday L, Császár P, Farkas O, Perczel A, Zamora M, Papp J, Penke B, Piecuch P, Csizmadia I. Can NO2+ exist in bent or cyclic forms? Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)01447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Petsalakis ID, Theodorakopoulos G, Child MS. The Rydberg states of NO[sub 2]: Vibrational autoionization of the ndσ states. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1415084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Bacon JA, Pratt ST. Photoelectron spectroscopy of ammonia: Mode-dependent vibrational autoionization. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1312286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Bacon JA, Pratt ST. Photoelectron spectroscopy of autoionizing Rydberg states of ammonia. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Robinson JD, Foltynowicz RJ, Grant ER. Double-resonance spectroscopy of the high Rydberg states of HCO. IV. Vibrational autoionization dynamics as a function of bending amplitude. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Chupka
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Edward R. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Mayer EE, Hedderich HG, Grant ER. Double-resonance spectroscopy of the high Rydberg states of HCO. III. Multiple pathways in the vibrational autoionization of the bending overtone. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Pratt ST. Vibrational autoionization and predissociation in high Rydberg states of nitric oxide. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Matsui H, Behm JM, Grant ER. Photoselection and the Appearance of Franck−Condon-Forbidden Thresholds in the ZEKE Spectrum of NO2. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp970556h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsui
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jane M. Behm
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Edward R. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Matsui H, Grant ER. Fermi resonance and mode specificity in the vibrational autoionization of NO2. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.470874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Mayer E, Grant ER. Double‐resonance spectroscopy of the high Rydberg states of HCO. I. A precise determination of the adiabatic ionization potential. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Benter T, Liesner M, Sauerland V, Schindler RN. Mass spectrometric in-situ determination of NO2 in gas mixtures by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionisation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00322721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bryant GP, Jiang Y, Martin M, Grant ER. Rovibrational structure of NO+2 and state‐to‐state dynamics in the high‐resolution threshold photoionization of NO2. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Forney D, Thompson WE, Jacox ME. The vibrational spectra of molecular ions isolated in solid neon. XI. NO+2, NO−2, and NO−3. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bryant GP, Jiang Y, Grant ER. Triple‐resonance spectroscopy of the higher excited states of NO2. IV. Trends in the mode dependence of vibrational autoionization via asymmetric stretch versus symmetric stretch and bend. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.462773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Amrein A, Simpson R, Hackett P. Multiphoton excitation, ionization, and dissociation decay dynamics of small clusters of niobium, tantalum, and tungsten: Time‐resolved thermionic emission. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Amrein A, Simpson R, Hackett P. Delayed ionization following photoexcitation of small clusters of refractory elements: Nanofilaments. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.460595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Dehmer PM, Holland DMP. Photoionization of rotationally cooled H2O and D2O in the region 650–990 Å. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.459805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Campos FX, Jiang Y, Grant ER. Triple‐resonance spectroscopy of the higher excited states of NO2. II. Vibrational mode selectivity in the competition between predissociation and autoionization. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.459352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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