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McCaffery AJ. Kinetics and dynamics of near-resonant vibrational energy transfer in gas ensembles of atmospheric interest. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0150. [PMID: 29431678 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study of near-resonant, vibration-vibration (V-V) gas-phase energy transfer in diatomic molecules uses the theoretical/computational method, of Marsh & McCaffery (Marsh & McCaffery 2002 J. Chem. Phys.117, 503 (doi:10.1063/1.1489998)) The method uses the angular momentum (AM) theoretical formalism to compute quantum-state populations within the component molecules of large, non-equilibrium, gas mixtures as the component species proceed to equilibration. Computed quantum-state populations are displayed in a number of formats that reveal the detailed mechanism of the near-resonant V-V process. Further, the evolution of quantum-state populations, for each species present, may be followed as the number of collision cycles increases, displaying the kinetics of evolution for each quantum state of the ensemble's molecules. These features are illustrated for ensembles containing vibrationally excited N2 in H2, O2 and N2 initially in their ground states.This article is part of the theme issue 'Modern theoretical chemistry'.
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Shen X, Wang S, Dai K, Shen Y, McCaffery AJ. Energy transfer in multi-collision environments; an experimental test of theory: LiH (10;2) in H2(0;0). J Chem Phys 2017; 146:114307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4978478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Shen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuyin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kang Dai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yifan Shen
- School of Physics, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Anthony J. McCaffery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN16SJ, United Kingdom
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Pintassilgo CD, Guerra V. Modelling of the temporal evolution of the gas temperature in N2discharges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/aa5db2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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McCaffery AJ. Quantum state-resolved, bulk gas energetics: Comparison of theory and experiment. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:194304. [PMID: 27208946 DOI: 10.1063/1.4949268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Until very recently, the computational model of state-to-state energy transfer in large gas mixtures, introduced by the author and co-workers, has had little experimental data with which to assess the accuracy of its predictions. In a novel experiment, Alghazi et al. [Chem. Phys. 448, 76 (2015)] followed the equilibration of highly vibrationally excited CsH(D) in baths of H2(D2) with simultaneous time- and quantum state-resolution. Modal temperatures of vibration, rotation, and translation for CsH(D) were obtained and presented as a function of pump-probe delay time. Here the data from this study are used as a test of the accuracy of the computational method, and in addition, the consequent changes in bath gas modal temperatures, not obtainable in the experiment, are predicted. Despite large discrepancies between initial CsH(D) vibrational states in the experiment and those available using the computational model, the quality of agreement is sufficient to conclude that the model's predictions constitute at least a very good representation of the overall equilibration that, for some measurements, is very accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J McCaffery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 6SJ, United Kingdom
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Intermolecular electron energy transfer processes in the collisions of N2(A3Σu+, v=0–10) with CO and N2 molecules. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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McCaffery AJ. Post-recombination early Universe cooling by translation–internal inter-conversion: The role of minor constituents. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:104306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4930197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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The calculation of quenching rate coefficients of O2 Herzberg states in collisions with CO2, CO, N2, O2 molecules. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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McCaffery AJ, Marsh RJ. State-to-state, multi-collision, energy transfer in H-H2 gas ensembles. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:234310. [PMID: 24359370 DOI: 10.1063/1.4844155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We use our recently developed computational model of energy flow in gas ensembles to study translation-to-internal energy conversion in an ensemble consisting of H2(0; 0) in a bath of H atoms. This mixture is found in plasmas of industrial importance and also in interstellar clouds. The storage of energy of relative motion as rovibrational energy of H2 represents a potential mechanism for cooling translation. This may have relevance in astrophysical contexts such as the post-recombination epoch of the early universe when hydrogenic species dominated and cooling was a precondition for the formation of structured objects. We find that conversion of translational motion to H2 vibration and rotation is fast and, in our closed system, is complete within around 100 cycles of ensemble collisions. Large amounts of energy become stored as H2 vibration and a tentative mechanism for this unequal energy distribution is suggested. The "structured dis-equilibrium" we observe is found to persist through many collision cycles. In contrast to the rapidity of excitation, the relaxation of H2(6; 10) in H is very slow and not complete after 10(5) collision cycles. The quasi-equilibrium modal temperatures of translation, rotation, and vibration are found to scale linearly with collision energy but at different rates. This may be useful in estimating the partitioning of energy within a given H + H2 ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J McCaffery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Marsh
- Department of Physics, University College, London WC1E6BT, United Kingdom
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McCaffery AJ, Marsh RJ. Competitive partitioning of rotational energy in gas ensemble equilibration. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:024307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3675638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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McCaffery AJ, Pritchard M, Turner JFC, Marsh RJ. Quantum state-resolved energy redistribution in gas ensembles containing highly excited N2. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:044317. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3532086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Umemoto H, Oku M, Iwai T. Collisional intersystem crossing of N2(a′ 1Σu−) to produce triplet-state molecular nitrogen. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1573188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Fecko CJ, Freedman MA, Stephenson TA. Collision-induced electronic energy transfer from v=0 of the E(0g+) ion-pair state in I2: Collisions with He and Ar. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1427069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Akopyan M, Bibinov N, Kokh D, Pravilov A, Stepanov M, Vasyutinskii O. The `approach-induced' transition. Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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De Benedictis S, Dilecce G, Simek M. Excitation and decay of N2(B 3Πg,v) states in a pulsed discharge: Kinetics of electrons and long-lived species. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mo Y, Ottinger C, Shen G. Freezing of NO gateway emission by a magnetic field and very long field-free lifetimes of perturbed NO(a 4Π) levels. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ottinger C, Shen G. A beam experiment on the energy transfer reaction NO(a4Π)+NO(X2Π)→NO(X2Π)+NO(A2Σ+). Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chang LC, Hwang YS, Su TM. Recombination Reactions of Atomic Chlorine in Inert Gases: A Vibrationally Resolved Transient Kinetics Study at Pressures below 1 atm. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980305o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L.-C. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., and The Institute of the Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Y.-S. Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., and The Institute of the Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - T.-M. Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., and The Institute of the Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Ottinger C, Shen G. Molecular beam study of gateway-coupling N2(C 3Πu/a′ 1Σu−) and chemical quenching of the metastable N2(a′) state. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
▪ Abstract Laser and molecular beam techniques have enabled researchers to determine the rovibrational levels populated in collision-induced electronic transitions from specified initial levels of several diatomic molecules. As exemplified by the N2+– and CN–rare-gas systems, such measurements, in combination with theoretical calculations of cross sections for these state-to-state collisional processes, provide a means to understand in detail the dynamics of these electronic quenching and energy transfer processes. The present article reviews state-to-state studies of collision-induced electronic transitions. The various collision systems studied provide examples of both perturbation-assisted “gateways” between the initial and final electronic states and perturbation-independent transitions enabled by nonadiabatic mixing induced by the collision partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Dagdigian
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2685, USA.
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Mo Y, Ottinger C, Winkler T, Shen G. Observation of the electronic energy transfer reaction CO(a3Π) + NO(X2Π) → CO(X1Σ+) + NO(a4Π) in molecular beams. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Eastes RW, Dentamaro AV. Collision-induced transitions between thea1Πg,a′1Σu−, andw1Δustates of N2: Can they affect auroral N2Lyman-Birge-Hopfield band emissions? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96ja01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fewell M, Haydon S, Ernest A. Identification of slowly diffusing metastable states of the nitrogen molecule. Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(96)00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Heldt J, Ottinger C, Vilesov AF, Winkler T, Xu DD. Gateway-type intramolecular collisional transfer in15NO(a4π, b4Σ−→ B2π). INT REV PHYS CHEM 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/01442359609353175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Morrill JS, Benesch WM. Auroral N2emissions and the effect of collisional processes on N2triplet state vibrational populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95ja02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ottinger C, Vilesov AF. Magnetic‐field induced N2(B→A) emission from a beam of metastable nitrogen molecules and precise term energy of the N2(A′ 5Σ+g) state. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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The theoretical transition probabilities between the B 3Πg and the A 3Σu+, W 3Δu, B′ 3Σu− states of N2. Chem Phys Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(95)01268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ottinger C, Vilesov A, Xu D. High-resolution study of the luminescent electronic energy transfer reaction of Xe(3P0,2) with 14N2 and 15N2. Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(95)92009-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ottinger C, Vilesov AF, Xu DD. Isotopic study of the intermolecular versus intramolecular energy transfer in the N2(W,A)+N2(X) reactions. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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de Moor M, Ottinger C, Vilesov AF, Xu DD. Collisional intramolecular energy transfer CN(X 2Σ→A 2Π) in a beam. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.467981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Morrill JS, Benesch WM. Role of N2(A’ 5Σ+g) in the enhancement of N2B 3Πg(V=10) populations in the afterglow. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Heldt J, Ottinger C, Vilesov A. Suppression of the collisional quenching of N2(A′5∑g+) by 15N2 isotopic substitution. Chem Phys Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(94)00784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Cappelletti D, Liuti G, Luzzatti E, Pirani F. Characterization of a molecular beam containing metastable nitrogen and its use in scattering experiments with xenon. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.467815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ottinger C, Vilesov AF. Laser spectroscopy of perturbed levels in N2(B 3Πg,v=10) and the first experimental determination of the N2(A’ 5Σ+g) term energy. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.467206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ottinger C, Smirnova LG, Vilesov AF. Collision‐induced transitions from N2(A’ 5Σ+g) to N2(B 3Πg) via the gateway mechanism. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.467205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ottinger C, Slenczka A, Wulfmeyer V. Development and theoretical modeling of a broadband, tunable, pulsed dye laser. APPLIED OPTICS 1994; 33:935-943. [PMID: 20862093 DOI: 10.1364/ao.33.000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An excimer-laser pumped, tunable dye laser for broadband emission has been constructed for a novel molecular-beam experiment. By using Littrow prisms of different refractions as the dispersive elements, bandwidths from 0.7-1.5 nm with a tuning range of 40 nm were obtained. Pulse-to-pulse spectra were measured with a grating spectrometer-CCD camera combination, and the statistical analysis demonstrated the good stability. A ray-tracing model was used to calculate the passive bandwidth for different configurations. Augmented by dynamic considerations, the model can be used to approximate very well the dependence of the active bandwidth on the pump power, and to estimate the relative active bandwidths for different prism materials.
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Ottinger C, Vilesov AF. Intramolecular collisional transfer in NO (a 4Π→B 2Π,b 4Σ−): Gateway‐type, resonant versus direct, nonresonant mechanisms. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ottinger C, Vilesov AF. Lifetime measurements on perturbed levels of NO(B 2Π) and precise term energy of the NO(a 4Π) state. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bachmann R, Ottinger C, Vilesov AF. A new band system of nitrogen: Observation of the N2(G 3Δg→W 3Δu) transition. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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