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Abstract
One of the important features of polymethine (cyanine) dyes is isomerization about one of C–C bonds of the polymethine chain. In this review, spectral properties of the isomers, photoisomer-ization and thermal back isomerization of carbocyanine dyes, mostly meso-substituted carbocy-anine dyes, are considered. meso-Alkyl-substituted thiacarbocyanine dyes are present in polar solvents mainly as cis isomers and, hence, exhibit no photoisomerization, whereas in nonpolar solvents, in which the dyes are in the trans form, photoisomerization takes place. In contrast, the meso-substituted dyes 3,3′-dimethyl-9-phenylthiacarbocyanine and 3,3′-diethyl-9-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)thiacarbocyanine occur as trans isomers and exhibit photoisomerization in both polar and nonpolar solvents. The behavior of these dyes may be ex-plained by the fact that the phenyl ring of the substituent in their molecules can be twisted at some angle, removing the substituent from the plane of the molecule and reducing its steric ef-fect on the conformation of the trans isomer. In some cases, photoisomerization of cis isomers of meso-substituted carbocyanine dyes is also observed (for some meso-alkyl-substituted dyes com-plexed with DNA and chondroitin-4-sulfate; for 3,3′-diethyl-9-methoxythiacarbocyanine in moderate polarity solvents). The cycle photoisomerization–thermal back isomerization of cya-nine dyes can be used in various systems of information storage and deserves further investiga-tion using modern research methods.
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Abstract
One of the important features of polymethine (cyanine) dyes is isomerization around one of C–C bonds of the polymethine chain. In this review, spectral properties of the isomers, photoisomerization and thermal back isomerization of carbocyanine dyes, mostly meso-substituted carbocyanine dyes, are considered. meso-Alkyl-substituted thiacarbocyanine dyes are present in polar solvents mainly as cis isomers and, hence, exhibit no photoisomerization, whereas in nonpolar solvents, in which the dyes are in the trans form, photoisomerization takes place. In contrast, the meso-substituted dyes 3,3′-dimethyl-9-phenylthiacarbocyanine and 3,3′-diethyl-9-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)thiacarbocyanine occur as trans isomers and exhibit photoisomerization in both polar and nonpolar solvents. The behavior of these dyes may be explained by the fact that the phenyl ring of the substituent in their molecules can be twisted at some angle, removing the substituent from the plane of the molecule and reducing its steric effect on the conformation of the trans isomer. In some cases, photoisomerization of cis isomers of meso-substituted carbocyanine dyes is also observed (for some meso-alkyl-substituted dyes complexed with DNA and chondroitin-4-sulfate; for 3,3′-diethyl-9-methoxythiacarbocyanine in moderate polarity solvents). The cycle photoisomerization–thermal back isomerization of cyanine dyes can be used in various systems of information storage and deserves further investigation using modern research methods.
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Non-ideality in Born-free energy of solvation in alcohol-water and dimethylsulfoxide-acetonitrile mixtures: Solvent size ratio and ion size dependence. J CHEM SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-007-0051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dhaliwal M, Basilevsky MV, Weinberg N. Dynamic effects of nonequilibrium solvation: Potential and free energy surfaces for Z/E isomerization in solvent-solute coordinates. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:234505. [PMID: 17600423 DOI: 10.1063/1.2741546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel definition of a solvent coordinate associated with a given reaction is formulated in terms of molecular-dynamic trajectories of the solvent and is applied to discuss the topography of potential energy and free energy surfaces of model liquid phase Z/E isomerization reactions in solvent-solute coordinates. It is shown that the arrangement of the reactant and product valleys on these surfaces can vary from consecutive to parallel, depending on the strength of the solvent-solute interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder Dhaliwal
- Department of Chemistry, University College of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, British Columbia, V2S 7M8, Canada
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Solvent-Fluctuation Control of Solution Reactions and its Manifestation in Protein Functions. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141663.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Bagchi B, Bhattacharyya S. Mode Coupling Theory Approach to the Liquid-State Dynamics. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141762.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Koifman N, Cohen B, Huppert D. Effect of Pressure on Proton-Transfer Rate from a Photoacid to Ethanol Solution. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0141427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahum Koifman
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Boiko Cohen
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Huppert
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Murarka RK, Bhattacharyya S, Biswas R, Bagchi B. Isomerization dynamics in viscous liquids: Microscopic investigation of the coupling and decoupling of the rate to and from solvent viscosity and dependence on the intermolecular potential. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Drljaca A, Hubbard CD, van Eldik R, Asano T, Basilevsky MV, le Noble WJ. Activation and Reaction Volumes in Solution. 3. Chem Rev 1998; 98:2167-2290. [PMID: 11848963 DOI: 10.1021/cr970461b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Drljaca
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Institute for Fundamental Research of Organic Chemistry, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan, Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, 10, Vorontsovo Pole, 103064 Moscow, Russia, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400
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Asano T, Sumi H. An experimental examination of Biswas–Bagchi's prediction on the viscosity dependence of the rate of activated barrier surmounting in viscous liquids. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Biswas R, Bhattacharyya S, Bagchi B. Vibrational energy relaxation, nonpolar solvation dynamics and instantaneous normal modes: Role of binary interaction in the ultrafast response of a dense liquid. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Okuyama-Yoshida N, Nagaoka M, Yamabe T. Potential Energy Function for Intramolecular Proton Transfer Reaction of Glycine in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp973102t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Okuyama-Yoshida
- Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, 34-4, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan
| | - Masataka Nagaoka
- Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, 34-4, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan
| | - Tokio Yamabe
- Division of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan
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Asano T, Matsuo K, Sumi H. Effects of Solvent Fluctuations on the Rate of the ThermalZ/EIsomerization ofN-Benzylideneanilines in a Highly Viscous Liquid Hydrocarbon. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1997. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.70.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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General expression for rates of solution reactions influenced by slow solvent fluctuations, and its experimental evidence. Electrochim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(97)00080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Goodyear G, Stratt RM. The short‐time intramolecular dynamics of solutes in liquids. I. An instantaneous‐normal‐mode theory for friction. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Biswas R, Bagchi B. Activated barrier crossing dynamics in slow, viscous liquids. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Condition for fractional-power viscosity dependence of the average rate constant of solution reactions influenced by slow solvent fluctuations. Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(96)00168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Marcus RA. Solvent dynamics: Modified Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus theory. II. Vibrationally assisted case. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Truhlar DG, Garrett BC, Klippenstein SJ. Current Status of Transition-State Theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953748q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1585] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputer Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
| | - Bruce C. Garrett
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, MS K1-96, Richland, Washington 99352
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Asano T, Cosstick K, Furuta H, Matsuo K, Sumi H. Effects of Solvent Fluctuations on the Rate of ThermalZ/EIsomerization of Azobenzenes andN-Benzylideneanilines. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1996. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.69.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sumi H. Theory on rates of solution reactions influenced by slow fluctuations in viscous solvents, and its experimental confirmation. J Mol Liq 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7322(95)00903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sumi H, Asano T. Is isomerization in highly viscous solvents under pressure understandable with the idea of frequency-dependent friction? Chem Phys Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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