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Zhang B, Gu Y, Freixas VM, Sun S, Tretiak S, Jiang J, Mukamel S. Cavity Manipulation of Attosecond Charge Migration in Conjugated Dendrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39291347 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Dendrimers are branched polymers with wide applications to photosensitization, photocatalysis, photodynamic therapy, photovoltaic conversion, and light sensor amplification. The primary step of numerous photophysical and photochemical processes in many molecules involves ultrafast coherent electronic dynamics and charge oscillations triggered by photoexcitation. This electronic wavepacket motion at short times where the nuclei are frozen is known as attosecond charge migration. We show how charge migration in a dendrimer can be manipulated by placing it in an optical cavity and monitored by time-resolved X-ray diffraction. Our simulations demonstrate that the dendrimer charge migration modes and the character of photoexcited wave function can be significantly influenced by the strong light-matter interaction in the cavity. This presents a new avenue for modulating initial ultrafast charge dynamics and subsequently controlling coherent energy transfer in dendritic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Yonghao Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Victor Manuel Freixas
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Shichao Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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2
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Liu S, Peng J, Bao P, Shi Q, Lan Z. Ultrafast Excited-State Energy Transfer in Phenylene Ethynylene Dendrimer: Quantum Dynamics with the Tensor Network Method. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 39047261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced excited-state energy transfer (EET) processes play an important role in solar energy conversions. Owing to their excellent photoharvesting and exciton-transport properties, phenylene ethynylene (PE) dendrimers display great potential for improving the efficiency of solar cells. In this work, we investigated the intramolecular EET dynamics in a dendrimer composed of two linear PE units (2-ring and 3-ring) using a fully quantum description based on the tensor network method. We first constructed a diabatic model Hamiltonian based on the electronic structure calculations. Using this diabatic vibronic coupling model, we tried to obtain the main features of the EET dynamics in terms of the several diabatic models with different numbers of vibrational modes (from 4 modes to 129 modes) and to explore the corresponding vibronic coupling interactions. The results show that the EET in this PE dendrimer is ultrafast. Four modes of A' symmetry play dominant roles in the dynamics; the remaining 86 modes of A' symmetry can dampen the electronic coherence; and the modes of A″ symmetry do not exhibit significant influence on the EET process. Overall, the first-order intrastate vibronic coupling terms show the dominant role in the EET dynamics, while the second-order intrastate vibronic coupling terms cause damping of the electronic coherence and slow down the overall EET process. This work provides a microscopic understanding of the EET dynamics in PE dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Peng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Zhongguancun 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Zhongguancun 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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3
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Titov E. Visible Light Induced Exciton Dynamics and trans-to- cis Isomerization in Azobenzene Aggregates: Insights from Surface Hopping/Semiempirical Configuration Interaction Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8520-8532. [PMID: 38405525 PMCID: PMC10882624 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Assemblies of photochromic molecules feature exciton states, which govern photochemical and photophysical processes in multichromophoric systems. Understanding the photoinduced dynamics of the assemblies requires nonadiabatic treatment involving multiple exciton states and numerous nuclear degrees of freedom, thus posing a challenge for simulations. In this work, we address this challenge for aggregates of azobenzene, a prototypical molecular switch, performing on-the-fly surface hopping calculations combined with semiempirical configuration interaction electronic structure and augmented with transition density matrix analysis to characterize exciton evolution. Specifically, we consider excitation of azobenzene tetramers in the nπ* absorption band located in the visible (blue) part of the electromagnetic spectrum, thus extending our recent work on dynamics after ππ* excitation corresponding to the ultraviolet region [Titov, J. Phys. Chem. C2023, 127, 13678-13688]. We find that the nπ* excitons, which are initially strongly localized by ground-state conformational disorder, undergo further (very strong) localization during short-time photodynamics. This excited-state localization process is extremely ultrafast, occurring within the first 10 fs of photodynamics. We observe virtually no exciton transfer of the localized excitons in the nπ* manifold. However, the transfer may occur via secondary pathways involving ππ* states or the ground state. Moreover, we find that the nπ* quantum yields of the trans-to-cis isomerization are reduced in the aggregated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Titov
- Institute of Chemistry, Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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4
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Talbot JJ, Arias-Martinez JE, Cotton SJ, Head-Gordon M. Fantastical excited state optimized structures and where to find them. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:171102. [PMID: 37916588 DOI: 10.1063/5.0172015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantum chemistry community has developed analytic forces for approximate electronic excited states to enable walking on excited state potential energy surfaces (PES). One can thereby computationally characterize excited state minima and saddle points. Always implicit in using this machinery is the fact that an excited state PES only exists within the realm of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, where the nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom separate. This work demonstrates through ab initio calculations and simple nonadiabatic dynamics that some excited state minimum structures are fantastical: they appear to exist as stable configurations only as a consequence of the PES construct, rather than being physically observable. Each fantastical structure exhibits an unphysically high predicted harmonic frequency and associated force constant. This fact can serve as a valuable diagnostic of when an optimized excited state structure is non-observable. The origin of this phenomenon can be attributed to the coupling between different electronic states. As PESs approach one another, the upper surface can form a minimum that is very close to a near-touching point. The force constant, evaluated at this minimum, relates to the strength of the electronic coupling rather than to any characteristic excited state vibration. Nonadiabatic dynamics results using a Landau-Zener model illustrate that fantastical excited state structures have extremely short lifetimes on the order of a few femtoseconds. Their appearance in a calculation signals the presence of a nearby conical intersection through which the system will rapidly cross to a lower surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Talbot
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Juan E Arias-Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stephen J Cotton
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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5
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Freixas VM, Malone W, Li X, Song H, Negrin-Yuvero H, Pérez-Castillo R, White A, Gibson TR, Makhov DV, Shalashilin DV, Zhang Y, Fedik N, Kulichenko M, Messerly R, Mohanam LN, Sharifzadeh S, Bastida A, Mukamel S, Fernandez-Alberti S, Tretiak S. NEXMD v2.0 Software Package for Nonadiabatic Excited State Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:5356-5368. [PMID: 37506288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
We present NEXMD version 2.0, the second release of the NEXMD (Nonadiabatic EXcited-state Molecular Dynamics) software package. Across a variety of new features, NEXMD v2.0 incorporates new implementations of two hybrid quantum-classical dynamics methods, namely, Ehrenfest dynamics (EHR) and the Ab-Initio Multiple Cloning sampling technique for Multiconfigurational Ehrenfest quantum dynamics (MCE-AIMC or simply AIMC), which are alternative options to the previously implemented trajectory surface hopping (TSH) method. To illustrate these methodologies, we outline a direct comparison of these three hybrid quantum-classical dynamics methods as implemented in the same NEXMD framework, discussing their weaknesses and strengths, using the modeled photodynamics of a polyphenylene ethylene dendrimer building block as a representative example. We also describe the expanded normal-mode analysis and constraints for both the ground and excited states, newly implemented in the NEXMD v2.0 framework, which allow for a deeper analysis of the main vibrational motions involved in vibronic dynamics. Overall, NEXMD v2.0 expands the range of applications of NEXMD to a larger variety of multichromophore organic molecules and photophysical processes involving quantum coherences and persistent couplings between electronic excited states and nuclear velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Freixas
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Walter Malone
- Department of Physics, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, United States
| | - Xinyang Li
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Huajing Song
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Hassiel Negrin-Yuvero
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Royle Pérez-Castillo
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Alexander White
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Tammie R Gibson
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Dmitry V Makhov
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yu Zhang
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Nikita Fedik
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Maksim Kulichenko
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Richard Messerly
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Luke Nambi Mohanam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Adolfo Bastida
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | | | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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6
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Negrin-Yuvero H, Freixas VM, Ondarse-Alvarez D, Alfonso-Hernandez L, Rojas-Lorenzo G, Bastida A, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Vibrational Funnels for Energy Transfer in Organic Chromophores. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4673-4681. [PMID: 37167537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced intramolecular energy transfers in multichromophoric molecules involve nonadiabatic vibronic channels that act as energy transfer funnels. They commonly take place through specific directions of motion dictated by the nonadiabatic coupling vectors. Vibrational funnels may support persistent coherences between electronic states and sometimes delineate the presence of minor alternative energy transfer pathways. The ultimate confirmation of their role on the interchromophoric energy transfer can be achieved by performing nonadiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics simulations by selectively freezing the nuclear motions in question. Our results point out this strategy as a useful tool to identify and evaluate the impact of these vibrational funnels on the energy transfer processes and guide the in silico design of materials with tunable properties and enhanced functionalities. Our work encourages applications of this methodology to different chemical and biochemical processes such as reactive scattering and protein conformational changes, to name a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassiel Negrin-Yuvero
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Victor Manuel Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Dianelys Ondarse-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Laura Alfonso-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - German Rojas-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Física Atómica y Molecular, Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Adolfo Bastida
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, USA
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7
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Forde A, Lystrom L, Sun W, Kilin D, Kilina S. Improving Near-Infrared Emission of meso-Aryldipyrrin Indium(III) Complexes via Annulation Bridging: Excited-State Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9210-9220. [PMID: 36170557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using non-adiabatic dynamics and Redfield theory, we predicted the optical spectra, radiative and nonradiative decay rates, and photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) for In(III) dipyrrin-based complexes (i) with electron-withdrawing (EW) or electron-donating (ED) substituents on the meso-phenyl group and (ii) upon fusing the pyrrin and phenyl rings via saturated or unsaturated bridging to increase structural rigidity. The ED groups lead to a primary π,π* character with a minor intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) contribution to the emissive state, while EW groups increase the ILCT contribution and red-shift the luminescence to ∼1.5 eV. Saturated annulation enhances the PLQYs for complexes with primary π,π* character compared to those of the non-annulated and unsaturated-annulated complexes, while both unsaturated and saturated annulation decrease the PLQYs for complexes with primary ILCT character. We found that PLQY improvement goes beyond a simple concept of structural rigidity. In contrast, the charge transfer character of excitonic states is a key parameter for engineering the NIR emission of In(III) dipyrrin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Forde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Levi Lystrom
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Wenfang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Dmitri Kilin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Svetlana Kilina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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8
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Freixas VM, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Infinitene: Computational Insights from Nonadiabatic Excited State Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8495-8501. [PMID: 36066077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Progress in organic synthesis opens exploration of a rich diversity of molecules with interesting new structural topologies. This is the case of a recently synthesized helically twisted figure-eight molecule coined infinitene. The molecule belongs to a numerous family of looped polyarenes, where the degree of π-conjugation is controlled by high strain energies and steric hindrances. A particular balance of these ingredients leads to unusual optoelectronic properties potentially suitable for a range of applications in nanoelectronics and photonics. Due to its recent discovery, the photophysical properties of infinitene remain unexplored. In this Letter, atomistic nonadiabatic excited state molecular dynamics modeling unveils unique features of intramolecular electronic and vibrational energy relaxation and redistribution that take place after molecular photoexcitation. Our results detail relationships between optical and electronic properties providing useful knowledge for future molecular designs related to infinitene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Manuel Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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9
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Freixas VM, Keefer D, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S, Mukamel S. Ultrafast coherent photoexcited dynamics in a trimeric dendrimer probed by X-ray stimulated-Raman signals. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6373-6384. [PMID: 35733898 PMCID: PMC9159119 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00601d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoinduced ultrafast coherent inter-chromophore energy redistribution in a triarylamine trimer is explored using nonadiabatic excited state molecular dynamics followed by simulations of X-ray Raman signals. The nitrogencentered system ensures strong interchromophore interactions and, thus, the presence of coherences. Nevertheless, the multitude of non-deterministic photoinduced pathways during the ultrafast inter-branch migration of the excitation results in random confinement on some branches and, therefore, spatial exciton scrambling and loss of phase information at long times. We show that the vibronic coherence dynamics evolving into the incoherent scrambling mechanism on ultrafast 50 fs timescale, is accurately probed by the TRUECARS X-ray stimulated Raman signal. In combination with previous results, where the technique has revealed long-lived coherences in a rigid heterodimer, the signal is most valuable for detecting ultrafast molecular coherences or their absence. We demonstrate that X-ray Raman spectroscopy is a useful tool in the chemical design of functional molecular building blocks. The photoinduced ultrafast coherent inter-chromophore energy redistribution in a triarylamine trimer is explored using nonadiabatic excited state molecular dynamics followed by simulations of X-ray Raman signals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET B1876BXD Bernal Argentina
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine California 92697-2025 USA
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | | | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine California 92697-2025 USA
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10
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Galindo JF, Freixas VM, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Back-and-Forth Energy Transfer during Electronic Relaxation in a Chlorin-Perylene Dyad. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10394-10401. [PMID: 34669398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor dyads represent a practical approach to tuning the photophysical properties of linear conjugated polymers in materials chemistry. Depending on the absorption wavelength, the acceptor and donor roles can be interchanged, and as such, the directionality of the energy transfer can be controlled. Herein, nonadiabatic excited state molecular dynamics simulations have been performed in an arylethylene-linked perylene-chlorin dyad. After an initial photoexcitation at the Soret band of chlorin, we observe an ultrafast sequential electronic relaxation to the lowest excited state. This process is accomplished through an efficient round-trip chlorin-to-perylene-to-chlorin energy transfer. It is characterized by successive intermittent localized and delocalized vibronic dynamics. Nonradiative relaxation takes place mainly through energy transfer events with perylene acting as a "heat sink" through which the nonradiative relaxation is efficiently funneled, and the excess energy is dispersed in a larger space of vibrational degrees of freedom. Thus, our findings suggest the use of donor-acceptor dyads as a useful strategy when one needs to deactivate an electronic excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan F Galindo
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Victor M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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11
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Hu D, Peng J, Chen L, Gelin MF, Lan Z. Spectral Fingerprint of Excited-State Energy Transfer in Dendrimers through Polarization-Sensitive Transient-Absorption Pump-Probe Signals: On-the-Fly Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9710-9719. [PMID: 34590858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The time-resolved polarization-sensitive transient-absorption (TA) pump-probe (PP) spectra are simulated using on-the-fly surface-hopping nonadiabatic dynamics and the doorway-window representation of nonlinear spectroscopy. A dendrimer model system composed of two linear phenylene ethynylene units (2-ring and 3-ring) is taken as an example. The ground-state bleach (GSB), stimulated emission (SE), and excited-state absorption (ESA) contributions as well as the total TA PP signals are obtained and carefully analyzed. It is shown that intramolecular excited-state energy transfer from the 2-ring unit to the 3-ring unit can be conveniently identified by employing pump and probe pulses with different polarizations. Our results demonstrate that time-resolved polarization-sensitive TA PP signals provide a powerful tool for the elucidation of excited-state energy-transfer pathways, notably in molecular systems possessing several optically bright nonadiabatically coupled electronic states with different orientations of transition dipole moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deping Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Peng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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12
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Song H, Freixas VM, Fernandez-Alberti S, White AJ, Zhang Y, Mukamel S, Govind N, Tretiak S. An Ab Initio Multiple Cloning Method for Non-Adiabatic Excited-State Molecular Dynamics in NWChem. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3629-3643. [PMID: 34014085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recently developed ab initio multiple cloning (AIMC) approach based on the multiconfigurational Ehrenfest (MCE) method provides a powerful and accurate way of describing the excited-state dynamics of molecular systems. The AIMC method is a controlled approximation to nonadiabatic dynamics with a particular strength in the proper description of decoherence effects because of the branching of vibrational wavepackets at a level crossing. Here, we report a new implementation of the AIMC algorithm in the open source NWChem computational chemistry program. The framework combines linear-response time-dependent density functional theory with Ehrenfest mean-field theory to determine the equations of motion for classical trajectories. The multidimensional wave function is decomposed into a superposition of Gaussian coherent states guided by Ehrenfest trajectories (i.e., MCE approach), which can clone with fully quantum mechanical amplitudes and phases. By using an efficient time-derivative based nonadiabatic coupling approach within the AIMC method, all observables are calculated on-the-fly in the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics process. As a representative example, we apply our implementation to study the ultrafast photoinduced electronic and vibrational energy transfer in a pyridine molecule. The effects of the cloning procedure on electronic and vibrational coherence, relaxation and unidirectional energy transfer are discussed. This new AIMC implementation provides a high-level nonadiabatic molecular dynamics framework for simulating photoexcited dynamics in complex molecular systems and experimentally relevant ultrafast spectroscopic probes, such as nonlinear coherent optical and X-ray signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajing Song
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Victor M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD, Bernal, Argentina
| | | | - Alexander J White
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States.,Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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13
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Freixas VM, White AJ, Nelson T, Song H, Makhov DV, Shalashilin D, Fernandez-Alberti S, Tretiak S. Nonadiabatic Excited-State Molecular Dynamics Methodologies: Comparison and Convergence. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2970-2982. [PMID: 33730495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct atomistic simulation of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics is a challenging goal that allows important insights into fundamental physical phenomena. A variety of frameworks, ranging from fully quantum treatment of nuclei to semiclassical and mixed quantum-classical approaches, were developed. These algorithms are then coupled to specific electronic structure techniques. Such diversity and lack of standardized implementation make it difficult to compare the performance of different methodologies when treating realistic systems. Here, we compare three popular methods for large chromophores: Ehrenfest, surface hopping, and multiconfigurational Ehrenfest with ab initio multiple cloning (MCE-AIMC). These approaches are implemented in the NEXMD software, which features a common computational chemistry model. The resulting comparisons reveal the method performance for population relaxation and coherent vibronic dynamics. Finally, we study the numerical convergence of MCE-AIMC algorithms by considering the number of trajectories, cloning thresholds, and Gaussian wavepacket width. Our results provide helpful reference data for selecting an optimal methodology for simulating excited-state molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Freixas
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saénz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Alexander J White
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Tammie Nelson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Huajing Song
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Dmitry V Makhov
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TW, U.K
| | | | | | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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14
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Fortino M, Collini E, Bloino J, Pedone A. Unraveling the internal conversion process within the Q-bands of a chlorophyll-like-system through surface-hopping molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:094110. [PMID: 33685164 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-radiative relaxation process within the Q-bands of chlorophylls represents a crucial preliminary step during the photosynthetic mechanism. Despite several experimental and theoretical efforts performed in order to clarify the complex dynamics characterizing this stage, a complete understanding of this mechanism is still far to be reached. In this study, non-adiabatic excited-state molecular dynamic simulations have been performed to model the non-radiative process within the Q-bands for a model system of chlorophylls. This system has been considered in the gas phase and then, to have a more representative picture of the environment, with implicit and mixed implicit-explicit solvation models. In the first part of this analysis, absorption spectra have been simulated for each model in order to guide the setup for the non-adiabatic excited-state molecular dynamic simulations. Then, non-adiabatic excited-state molecular dynamic simulations have been performed on a large set of independent trajectories and the population of the Qx and Qy states has been computed as the average of all the trajectories, estimating the rate constant for the process. Finally, with the aim of investigating the possible role played by the solvent in the Qx-Qy crossing mechanism, an essential dynamic analysis has been performed on the generated data, allowing one to find the most important motions during the simulated dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alfonso Pedone
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena 45125, Italy
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15
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Freixas VM, Nelson T, Ondarse-Alvarez D, Nijjar P, Mikhailovsky A, Zhou C, Fernandez-Alberti S, Bazan GC, Tretiak S. Experimental and theoretical study of energy transfer in a chromophore triad: What makes modeling dynamics successful? J Chem Phys 2020; 153:244114. [PMID: 33380074 DOI: 10.1063/5.0028126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simulation of electronic dynamics in realistically large molecular systems is a demanding task that has not yet achieved the same level of quantitative prediction already realized for its static counterpart. This is particularly true for processes occurring beyond the Born-Oppenheimer regime. Non-adiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations suffer from two convoluted sources of error: numerical algorithms for dynamics and electronic structure calculations. While the former has gained increasing attention, particularly addressing the validity of ad hoc methodologies, the effect of the latter remains relatively unexplored. Indeed, the required accuracy for electronic structure calculations to reach quantitative agreement with experiment in dynamics may be even more strict than that required for static simulations. Here, we address this issue by modeling the electronic energy transfer in a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) molecular light harvesting system using fewest switches surface hopping NAMD simulations. In the studied system, time-resolved experimental measurements deliver complete information on spectra and energy transfer rates. Subsequent modeling shows that the calculated electronic transition energies are "sufficiently good" to reproduce experimental spectra but produce over an order of magnitude error in simulated dynamical rates. We further perform simulations using artificially shifted energy gaps to investigate the complex relationship between transition energies and modeled dynamics to understand factors affecting non-radiative relaxation and energy transfer rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Freixas
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Roque Saenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Tammie Nelson
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Parmeet Nijjar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1062, USA
| | - Alexander Mikhailovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | | | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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16
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Negrin-Yuvero H, Freixas VM, Rodriguez-Hernandez B, Rojas-Lorenzo G, Tretiak S, Bastida A, Fernandez-Alberti S. Photoinduced Dynamics with Constrained Vibrational Motion: FrozeNM Algorithm. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7289-7298. [PMID: 33201709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation, analyzed in terms of vibrational normal modes, is a widely used technique that facilitates understanding of complex structural motions and coupling between electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom. Usually, only a subset of vibrations is directly involved in the process of interest. The impact of these vibrations can be evaluated by performing AIMD simulations by selectively freezing certain motions. Herein, we present frozen normal mode (FrozeNM), a new algorithm to apply normal-mode constraints in AIMD simulations, as implemented in the nonadiabatic excited state molecular dynamics code. We further illustrate its capacity by analyzing the impact of normal-mode constraints on the photoinduced energy transfer between polyphenylene ethynylene dendrimer building blocks. Our results show that the electronic relaxation can be significantly slowed down by freezing a well-selected small subset of active normal modes characterized by their contributions in the direction of energy transfer. The application of these constraints reduces the nonadiabatic coupling between electronic excited states during the entire dynamical simulations. Furthermore, we validate reduced dimensionality models by freezing all the vibrations, except a few active modes. Altogether, we consider FrozeNM as a useful tool that can be broadly used to underpin the role of vibrational motion in a studied process and to formulate reduced models that describe essential physical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Negrin-Yuvero
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - V M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - B Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - G Rojas-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Física Atómica y Molecular, Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de La Habana , La Habana, Cuba
| | - S Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - A Bastida
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - S Fernandez-Alberti
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
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17
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Malone W, Nebgen B, White A, Zhang Y, Song H, Bjorgaard JA, Sifain AE, Rodriguez-Hernandez B, Freixas VM, Fernandez-Alberti S, Roitberg AE, Nelson TR, Tretiak S. NEXMD Software Package for Nonadiabatic Excited State Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5771-5783. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Malone
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Benjamin Nebgen
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Alexander White
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Huajing Song
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Josiah A. Bjorgaard
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew E. Sifain
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, United States
| | | | - Victor M. Freixas
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Roque Saenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | | | - Adrian E. Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Tammie R. Nelson
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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18
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Freixas VM, Oldani N, Franklin-Mergarejo R, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Electronic Energy Relaxation in a Photoexcited Fully Fused Edge-Sharing Carbon Nanobelt. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4711-4719. [PMID: 32464064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanobelts are cylindrical molecules composed of fully fused edge-sharing arene rings. Because of their aesthetically appealing structures, they acquire unusual optoelectronic properties that are potentially suitable for a range of applications in nanoelectronics and photonics. Nevertheless, the very limited success of their synthesis has led to their photophysical properties remaining largely unknown. Compared to that of carbon nanorings (arenes linked by single bonds), the strong structural rigidity of nanobelts prevents significant deformations away from the original high-symmetry conformation and, therefore, impacts their photophysical properties. Herein, we study the photoinduced dynamics of a successfully synthesized belt segment of (6,6)CNT (carbon nanotube). Modeling this process with nonadiabatic excited state molecular dynamics simulations uncovers the critical role played by the changes in excited state wave function localization on the different types of carbon atoms. This allows a detailed description of the excited state dynamics and spatial exciton evolution throughout the nanobelt scaffold. Our results provide detailed information about the excited state electronic properties and internal conversion rates that is potentially useful for designing nanobelts for nanoelectronic and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - N Oldani
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - R Franklin-Mergarejo
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - S Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - S Fernandez-Alberti
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
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19
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Freixas VM, Tretiak S, Makhov DV, Shalashilin DV, Fernandez-Alberti S. Vibronic Quantum Beating between Electronic Excited States in a Heterodimer. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3992-4001. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. M. Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - S. Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - D. V. Makhov
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TW, U.K
| | | | - S. Fernandez-Alberti
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
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20
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Nelson TR, White AJ, Bjorgaard JA, Sifain AE, Zhang Y, Nebgen B, Fernandez-Alberti S, Mozyrsky D, Roitberg AE, Tretiak S. Non-adiabatic Excited-State Molecular Dynamics: Theory and Applications for Modeling Photophysics in Extended Molecular Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2215-2287. [PMID: 32040312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Optically active molecular materials, such as organic conjugated polymers and biological systems, are characterized by strong coupling between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. Typically, simulations must go beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation to account for non-adiabatic coupling between excited states. Indeed, non-adiabatic dynamics is commonly associated with exciton dynamics and photophysics involving charge and energy transfer, as well as exciton dissociation and charge recombination. Understanding the photoinduced dynamics in such materials is vital to providing an accurate description of exciton formation, evolution, and decay. This interdisciplinary field has matured significantly over the past decades. Formulation of new theoretical frameworks, development of more efficient and accurate computational algorithms, and evolution of high-performance computer hardware has extended these simulations to very large molecular systems with hundreds of atoms, including numerous studies of organic semiconductors and biomolecules. In this Review, we will describe recent theoretical advances including treatment of electronic decoherence in surface-hopping methods, the role of solvent effects, trivial unavoided crossings, analysis of data based on transition densities, and efficient computational implementations of these numerical methods. We also emphasize newly developed semiclassical approaches, based on the Gaussian approximation, which retain phase and width information to account for significant decoherence and interference effects while maintaining the high efficiency of surface-hopping approaches. The above developments have been employed to successfully describe photophysics in a variety of molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammie R Nelson
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Alexander J White
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Josiah A Bjorgaard
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Andrew E Sifain
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States.,U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21005 , United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Benjamin Nebgen
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | | | - Dmitry Mozyrsky
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Adrian E Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
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21
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Ho EKL, Lasorne B. Diabatic pseudofragmentation and nonadiabatic excitation-energy transfer in meta-substituted dendrimer building blocks. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Freixas VM, Ondarse-Alvarez D, Tretiak S, Makhov DV, Shalashilin DV, Fernandez-Alberti S. Photoinduced non-adiabatic energy transfer pathways in dendrimer building blocks. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:124301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5086680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. M. Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - D. Ondarse-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - S. Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D. V. Makhov
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom
| | - D. V. Shalashilin
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - S. Fernandez-Alberti
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
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23
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Lee S, Kim E, Lee S, Choi CH. Fast Overlap Evaluations for Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics Simulations: Applications to SF-TDDFT and TDDFT. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:882-891. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sangyoub Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
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24
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Sifain AE, Gifford BJ, Gao DW, Lystrom L, Nelson TR, Tretiak S. NEXMD Modeling of Photoisomerization Dynamics of 4-Styrylquinoline. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9403-9411. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Sifain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0485, United States
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Brendan J. Gifford
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - David W. Gao
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Los Alamos High School, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | - Levi Lystrom
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Tammie R. Nelson
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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25
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Titov E, Humeniuk A, Mitrić R. Exciton localization in excited-state dynamics of a tetracene trimer: a surface hopping LC-TDDFTB study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25995-26007. [PMID: 30298878 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05240a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Excitons in the molecular aggregates of chromophores are key participants in important processes such as photosynthesis or the functioning of organic photovoltaic devices. Therefore, the exploration of exciton dynamics is crucial. Here we report on exciton localization during excited-state dynamics of the recently synthesized tetracene trimer [Liu et al., Org. Lett., 2017, 19, 580]. We employ the surface hopping approach to nonadiabatic molecular dynamics in conjunction with the long-range corrected time-dependent density functional tight binding (LC-TDDFTB) method [Humeniuk and Mitrić, Comput. Phys. Commun., 2017, 221, 174]. Utilizing a set of descriptors based on the transition density matrix, we perform comprehensive analysis of exciton dynamics. The obtained results reveal an ultrafast exciton localization to a single tetracene unit of the trimer during excited-state dynamics, along with exciton transfer between units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Titov
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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26
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Hot-electron transfer in quantum-dot heterojunction films. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2310. [PMID: 29899361 PMCID: PMC5998019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermalization losses limit the photon-to-power conversion of solar cells at the high-energy side of the solar spectrum, as electrons quickly lose their energy relaxing to the band edge. Hot-electron transfer could reduce these losses. Here, we demonstrate fast and efficient hot-electron transfer between lead selenide and cadmium selenide quantum dots assembled in a quantum-dot heterojunction solid. In this system, the energy structure of the absorber material and of the electron extracting material can be easily tuned via a variation of quantum-dot size, allowing us to tailor the energetics of the transfer process for device applications. The efficiency of the transfer process increases with excitation energy as a result of the more favorable competition between hot-electron transfer and electron cooling. The experimental picture is supported by time-domain density functional theory calculations, showing that electron density is transferred from lead selenide to cadmium selenide quantum dots on the sub-picosecond timescale. Efficient use of high-energy, or “hot”, carriers could increase the efficiency of solar cells, provided efficient extraction of electrons at a specific energy. Here, the authors show the presence of hot-electron transfer between two quantum dot species, allowing facile optimization of the extraction energy.
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27
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Sifain AE, Bjorgaard JA, Nelson TR, Nebgen BT, White AJ, Gifford BJ, Gao DW, Prezhdo OV, Fernandez-Alberti S, Roitberg AE, Tretiak S. Photoexcited Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Solvated Push–Pull π-Conjugated Oligomers with the NEXMD Software. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3955-3966. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brendan J. Gifford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - David W. Gao
- Los Alamos High School, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | | | | | - Adrian E. Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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28
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Liu J, Thiel W. An efficient implementation of semiempirical quantum-chemical orthogonalization-corrected methods for excited-state dynamics. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:154103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5022466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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29
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Freixas VM, Fernandez-Alberti S, Makhov DV, Tretiak S, Shalashilin D. An ab initio multiple cloning approach for the simulation of photoinduced dynamics in conjugated molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17762-17772. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02321b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multidimensional wave function: a superposition of Gaussian coherent states guided by Ehrenfest trajectories suited to clone and swap their electronic amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dmitry V. Makhov
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
- School of Mathematics
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
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30
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Ondarse-Alvarez D, Oldani N, Roitberg AE, Kleiman V, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Energy transfer and spatial scrambling of an exciton in a conjugated dendrimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29648-29660. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05852k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoexcitation of multichromophoric light harvesting molecules induces a number of intramolecular electronic energy relaxation and redistribution pathways that can ultimately lead to ultrafast exciton self-trapping on a single chromophore unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Ondarse-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET
- B1876BXD Bernal
- Argentina
| | - N. Oldani
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET
- B1876BXD Bernal
- Argentina
| | - A. E. Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - V. Kleiman
- Department of Chemistry of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - S. Tretiak
- Theoretical Division
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
| | - S. Fernandez-Alberti
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET
- B1876BXD Bernal
- Argentina
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31
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Nelson T, Fernandez-Alberti S, Roitberg AE, Tretiak S. Electronic Delocalization, Vibrational Dynamics, and Energy Transfer in Organic Chromophores. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3020-3031. [PMID: 28603994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of materials developed for solar energy and technological applications depends on the interplay between molecular architecture and light-induced electronic energy redistribution. The spatial localization of electronic excitations is very sensitive to molecular distortions. Vibrational nuclear motions can couple to electronic dynamics driving changes in localization. The electronic energy transfer among multiple chromophores arises from several distinct mechanisms that can give rise to experimentally measured signals. Atomistic simulations of coupled electron-vibrational dynamics can help uncover the nuclear motions directing energy flow. Through careful analysis of excited state wave function evolution and a useful fragmenting of multichromophore systems, through-bond transport and exciton hopping (through-space) mechanisms can be distinguished. Such insights are crucial in the interpretation of fluorescence anisotropy measurements and can aid materials design. This Perspective highlights the interconnected vibrational and electronic motions at the foundation of nonadiabatic dynamics where nuclear motions, including torsional rotations and bond vibrations, drive electronic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammie Nelson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | - Adrian E Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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32
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Ho EKL, Etienne T, Lasorne B. Vibronic properties of para-polyphenylene ethynylenes: TD-DFT insights. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:164303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4981802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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33
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Athanasopoulos S, Alfonso Hernandez L, Beljonne D, Fernandez-Alberti S, Tretiak S. Ultrafast Non-Förster Intramolecular Donor-Acceptor Excitation Energy Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1688-1694. [PMID: 28339205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast intramolecular electronic energy transfer in a conjugated donor-acceptor system is simulated using nonadiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics. After initial site-selective photoexcitation of the donor, transition density localization is monitored throughout the S2 → S1 internal conversion process, revealing an efficient unidirectional donor → acceptor energy-transfer process. Detailed analysis of the excited-state trajectories uncovers several salient features of the energy-transfer dynamics. While a weak temperature dependence is observed during the entire electronic energy relaxation, an ultrafast initially temperature-independent process allows the molecular system to approach the S2-S1 potential energy crossing seam within the first ten femtoseconds. Efficient energy transfer occurs in the absence of spectral overlap between the donor and acceptor units and is assisted by a transient delocalization phenomenon of the excited-state wave function acquiring Frenkel-exciton character at the moment of quantum transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Athanasopoulos
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid , Avenida Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Physics II, University of Bayreuth , Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | | | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons , Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS) and Center for integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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34
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Nelson T, Naumov A, Fernandez-Alberti S, Tretiak S. Nonadiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics: On-the-fly limiting of essential excited states. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Koda SI. A theoretical investigation of symmetry-origin unidirectional energy gradient in light-harvesting dendrimers. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:114101. [PMID: 27004856 DOI: 10.1063/1.4943510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate a possibility that the symmetry of the repetitively branched structure of light-harvesting dendrimers creates the energy gradient descending toward inner generations (layers of pigment molecules) of the dendrimers. In the first half of this paper, we define a model system using the Frenkel exciton Hamiltonian that focuses only on the topology of dendrimers and numerically show that excitation energy tends to gather at inner generations of the model system at a thermal equilibrium state. This indicates that an energy gradient is formed in the model system. In the last half, we attribute this result to the symmetry of the model system and propose two symmetry-origin mechanisms creating the energy gradient. The present analysis and proposition are based on the theory of the linear chain (LC) decomposition [S. Koda, J. Chem. Phys. 142, 204112 (2015)], which equivalently transforms the model system into a set of one-dimensional systems on the basis of the symmetry of dendrimers. In the picture of the LC decomposition, we find that energy gradient is formed both in each linear chain and among linear chains, and these two mechanisms explain the numerical results well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Koda
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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36
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Ondarse-Alvarez D, Kömürlü S, Roitberg AE, Pierdominici-Sottile G, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S, Kleiman VD. Ultrafast electronic energy relaxation in a conjugated dendrimer leading to inter-branch energy redistribution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25080-25089. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04448d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are arrays of coupled chromophores, where the energy of each unit depends on its structure and conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Ondarse-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET
- B1876BXD Bernal
- Argentina
| | - S. Kömürlü
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - A. E. Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - G. Pierdominici-Sottile
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET
- B1876BXD Bernal
- Argentina
| | - S. Tretiak
- Theoretical Division
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS)
- and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
| | - S. Fernandez-Alberti
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET
- B1876BXD Bernal
- Argentina
| | - V. D. Kleiman
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
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37
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Fernandez-Alberti S, Makhov DV, Tretiak S, Shalashilin DV. Non-adiabatic excited state molecular dynamics of phenylene ethynylene dendrimer using a multiconfigurational Ehrenfest approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:10028-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07332d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced dynamics of electronic and vibrational unidirectional energy transfer between meta-linked building blocks in a phenylene ethynylene dendrimer is simulated using a multiconfigurational Ehrenfest in time-dependent diabatic basis (MCE-TDDB) method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergei Tretiak
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS)
- and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
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38
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Bricker WP, Shenai PM, Ghosh A, Liu Z, Enriquez MGM, Lambrev PH, Tan HS, Lo CS, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S, Zhao Y. Non-radiative relaxation of photoexcited chlorophylls: theoretical and experimental study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13625. [PMID: 26346438 PMCID: PMC4561917 DOI: 10.1038/srep13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonradiative relaxation of high-energy excited states to the lowest excited state in chlorophylls marks the first step in the process of photosynthesis. We perform ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy measurements, that reveal this internal conversion dynamics to be slightly slower in chlorophyll B than in chlorophyll A. Modeling this process with non-adiabatic excited state molecular dynamics simulations uncovers a critical role played by the different side groups in the two molecules in governing the intramolecular redistribution of excited state wavefunction, leading, in turn, to different time-scales. Even given smaller electron-vibrational couplings compared to common organic conjugated chromophores, these molecules are able to efficiently dissipate about 1 eV of electronic energy into heat on the timescale of around 200 fs. This is achieved via selective participation of specific atomic groups and complex global migration of the wavefunction from the outer to inner ring, which may have important implications for biological light-harvesting function.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Bricker
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Prathamesh M Shenai
- Division of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Avishek Ghosh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Zhengtang Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Miriam Grace M Enriquez
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371.,Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Temesvari krt. 62, Hungary
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Cynthia S Lo
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Yang Zhao
- Division of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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39
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Galindo JF, Atas E, Altan A, Kuroda DG, Fernandez-Alberti S, Tretiak S, Roitberg AE, Kleiman VD. Dynamics of Energy Transfer in a Conjugated Dendrimer Driven by Ultrafast Localization of Excitations. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11637-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan F. Galindo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Evrim Atas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical
Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS) and Center for integrated
Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Adrian E. Roitberg
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Valeria D. Kleiman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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40
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Kilina S, Kilin D, Tretiak S. Light-Driven and Phonon-Assisted Dynamics in Organic and Semiconductor Nanostructures. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5929-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kilina
- Chemistry
and Biochemistry Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 5810, United States
| | - Dmitri Kilin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical
Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS) and Center for Integrated
Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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41
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42
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Huang J, Du L, Hu D, Lan Z. Theoretical analysis of excited states and energy transfer mechanism in conjugated dendrimers. J Comput Chem 2014; 36:151-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 Shandong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
- The Qingdao Key Lab of Solar Energy Utilization and Energy Storage Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Likai Du
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 Shandong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
- The Qingdao Key Lab of Solar Energy Utilization and Energy Storage Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Deping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 Shandong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
- The Qingdao Key Lab of Solar Energy Utilization and Energy Storage Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 Shandong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
- The Qingdao Key Lab of Solar Energy Utilization and Energy Storage Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 Shandong People's Republic of China
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43
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Ondarse-Alvarez D, Oldani N, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Computational Study of Photoexcited Dynamics in Bichromophoric Cross-Shaped Oligofluorene. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10742-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp504720n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Ondarse-Alvarez
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - N. Oldani
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - S. Tretiak
- Theoretical
Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated
Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - S. Fernandez-Alberti
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
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44
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Soler MA, Nelson T, Roitberg AE, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Signature of Nonadiabatic Coupling in Excited-State Vibrational Modes. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10372-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503350k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Soler
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Tammie Nelson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Adrian E. Roitberg
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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45
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Nelson T, Fernandez-Alberti S, Roitberg AE, Tretiak S. Nonadiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics: modeling photophysics in organic conjugated materials. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1155-64. [PMID: 24673100 DOI: 10.1021/ar400263p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To design functional photoactive materials for a variety of technological applications, researchers need to understand their electronic properties in detail and have ways to control their photoinduced pathways. When excited by photons of light, organic conjugated materials (OCMs) show dynamics that are often characterized by large nonadiabatic (NA) couplings between multiple excited states through a breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation. Following photoexcitation, various nonradiative intraband relaxation pathways can lead to a number of complex processes. Therefore, computational simulation of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics is an indispensable tool for understanding complex photoinduced processes such as internal conversion, energy transfer, charge separation, and spatial localization of excitons. Over the years, we have developed a nonadiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics (NA-ESMD) framework that efficiently and accurately describes photoinduced phenomena in extended conjugated molecular systems. We use the fewest-switches surface hopping (FSSH) algorithm to treat quantum transitions among multiple adiabatic excited state potential energy surfaces (PESs). Extended molecular systems often contain hundreds of atoms and involve large densities of excited states that participate in the photoinduced dynamics. We can achieve an accurate description of the multiple excited states using the configuration interaction single (CIS) formalism with a semiempirical model Hamiltonian. Analytical techniques allow the trajectory to be propagated "on the fly" using the complete set of NA coupling terms and remove computational bottlenecks in the evaluation of excited-state gradients and NA couplings. Furthermore, the use of state-specific gradients for propagation of nuclei on the native excited-state PES eliminates the need for simplifications such as the classical path approximation (CPA), which only uses ground-state gradients. Thus, the NA-ESMD methodology offers a computationally tractable route for simulating hundreds of atoms on ~10 ps time scales where multiple coupled excited states are involved. In this Account, we review recent developments in the NA-ESMD modeling of photoinduced dynamics in extended conjugated molecules involving multiple coupled electronic states. We have successfully applied the outlined NA-ESMD framework to study ultrafast conformational planarization in polyfluorenes where the rate of torsional relaxation can be controlled based on the initial excitation. With the addition of the state reassignment algorithm to identify instances of unavoided crossings between noninteracting PESs, NA-ESMD can now be used to study systems in which these so-called trivial unavoided crossings are expected to predominate. We employ this technique to analyze the energy transfer between poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) segments where conformational fluctuations give rise to numerous instances of unavoided crossings leading to multiple pathways and complex energy transfer dynamics that cannot be described using a simple Förster model. In addition, we have investigated the mechanism of ultrafast unidirectional energy transfer in dendrimers composed of poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) chromophores and have demonstrated that differential nuclear motion favors downhill energy transfer in dendrimers. The use of native excited-state gradients allows us to observe this feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammie Nelson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | - Adrian E. Roitberg
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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46
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Modeling processes of non-radiative relaxation of electronically excited states of fluorescent probe 4-dimethylaminochalcone and its complexes with water using non-adiabatic molecular dynamics. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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47
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Artifacts due to trivial unavoided crossings in the modeling of photoinduced energy transfer dynamics in extended conjugated molecules. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Nelson T, Fernandez-Alberti S, Roitberg AE, Tretiak S. Nonadiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics: Treatment of electronic decoherence. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:224111. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4809568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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49
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Nelson T, Fernandez-Alberti S, Roitberg AE, Tretiak S. Conformational disorder in energy transfer: beyond Förster theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9245-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50857a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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