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Dressler K. The collaboration Wolniewicz–Dressler 1976–1994. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.2007308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Dressler
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lai KF, Beyer M, Salumbides EJ, Ubachs W. Photolysis Production and Spectroscopic Investigation of the Highest Vibrational States in H 2 (X 1Σ g+ v = 13, 14). J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1221-1228. [PMID: 33502853 PMCID: PMC7883349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rovibrational quantum states in the X1Σg+ electronic ground state of H2 are prepared in the v = 13 vibrational level up to its highest bound rotational level J = 7, and in the highest bound vibrational level v = 14 (for J = 1) by two-photon photolysis of H2S. These states are laser-excited in a subsequent two-photon scheme into F1Σg+ outer well states, where the assignment of the highest (v,J) states is derived from a comparison of experimentally known levels in F1Σg+, combined with ab initio calculations of X1Σg+ levels. The assignments are further verified by excitation of F1Σg+ population into autoionizing continuum resonances, which are compared with multichannel quantum defect calculations. Precision spectroscopic measurements of the F-X intervals form a test for the ab initio calculations of ground state levels at high vibrational quantum numbers and large internuclear separations, for which agreement is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.-F. Lai
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije UniversiteitDe Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Beyer
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije UniversiteitDe Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. J. Salumbides
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije UniversiteitDe Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W. Ubachs
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije UniversiteitDe Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ivanov TI, de Lange CA, Ubachs W. Spectral identification of diffuse resonances in H2 above the n = 2 dissociation limit. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:054309. [PMID: 21303122 DOI: 10.1063/1.3544300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The resonance structure in molecular hydrogen above the n = 2 dissociation limit is experimentally investigated in a 1 XUV + 1 VIS coherent two-step laser excitation process, with subsequent ionization of H(n = 2) products. Diffuse spectral features exhibiting widths of several cm(-1) in the excitation range of 118,500-120,500 cm(-1) are probed. Information on angular momentum selection rules for parallel and crossed polarizations, combination differences, the para-ortho distinction, extrapolation from rovibrational structure in the bound region below the n = 2 threshold, and mass-selective detection of H(2)(+) parent and H(+) daughter fragments is used as input. This allows for an assignment of the diffuse resonances observed in terms of (1)Σ(g)(+), (1)Π(g), and (1)Δ(g) states, specified with vibrational and rotational quantum numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Ivanov
- Institute for Lasers, Life and BioPhotonics, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bailly D, Salumbides E, Vervloet M, Ubachs W. Accurate level energies in the EF1, GK1, H1, B1, , B′1, , , J1Δgstates of H2. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970903413350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ross SC, Ando J, Tsukiyama K. Lifetimes of rovibrational levels of the long-range I′ 1Π g state of H 2 and D 2: experiment and theory. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970903521186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Ross
- a Department of Physics, and Centre for Laser, Atomic, and Molecular Sciences , University of New Brunswick , P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
- b Infrared Free Electron Laser Research Center , Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Ando
- c Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Tokyo University of Science , 1–3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsukiyama
- b Infrared Free Electron Laser Research Center , Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- c Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Tokyo University of Science , 1–3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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Vieitez MO, Ivanov TI, Reinhold E, de Lange CA, Ubachs W. Spectroscopic observation and characterization of H(+)H(-) heavy Rydberg states. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:13237-45. [PMID: 19921940 DOI: 10.1021/jp9039918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of discrete resonances was observed in the spectrum of H2, which can be unambiguously assigned to bound quantum states in the 1/R Coulombic potential of the H+H- ion-pair system. Two-step laser excitation was performed, using tunable extreme ultraviolet radiation at lambda = 94-96 nm in the first step, and tunable ultraviolet radiation in the range lambda = 310-350 nm in the second step. The resonances, detected via H+ and H2+ ions produced in the decay process, follow a sequence of principal quantum numbers (n = 140-230) associated with a Rydberg formula in which the Rydberg constant is mass scaled. The series converges upon the ionic H+H- dissociation threshold. This limit can be calculated without further assumptions from known ionization and dissociation energies in the hydrogen system and the electronegativity of the hydrogen atom. A possible excitation mechanism is discussed in terms of a complex resonance. Detailed measurements are performed to unravel and quantify the decay of the heavy Rydberg states into molecular H2+ ions, as well as into atomic fragments, both H(n = 2) and H(n = 3). Lifetimes are found to scale as n3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Vieitez
- Laser Centre, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Vieitez MO, Ivanov TI, Reinhold E, de Lange CA, Ubachs W. Observation of a Rydberg series in H+H-: a heavy Bohr atom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:163001. [PMID: 18999662 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.163001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the realization of a heavy "Bohr atom," through the spectroscopic observation of a Rydberg series of bound quantum states at principal quantum numbers n=140 to 230. The system is made heavy by replacing an electron inside a hydrogen atom by a composite H- particle, thus forming a H+H- Coulombically bound system obeying the physical laws of a generalized atom with appropriate mass scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Vieitez
- Laser Centre, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ross SC, Fujii M, Ando J, Tsukiyama∥ K. Metastable rovibrational f -symmetry levels of the I 1 Π g state of H 2, HD and D 2: experiment and theory. Mol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970701408289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ross SC, Yoshinari T, Ogi Y, Tsukiyama K. Decay dynamics of the long-range H¯Σg+1 state of D2 and H2: Experiment and theory. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:133205. [PMID: 17029452 DOI: 10.1063/1.2264331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present accurate experimental measurements of the lifetimes of rovibrational levels of the long-range H1Sigmag+ state for both D2 and H2, obtained directly from the observation of the time-dependent decay of the fluorescence from these excited levels. These results improve upon and extend those of Reinhold et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 112, 10754 (2000)]. Several decay pathways are open to these levels including fluorescence, predissociation, and autoionization. We present theoretical results for each of these processes, each calculated using the simplest but still appropriate level of theory. In particular, the theoretical calculations provide a quantitative explanation of the dramatic vibrational dependence of the observed lifetimes, the isotope dependence of the lifetimes for levels well localized within the H potential well and therefore not subject to significant tunneling, and an insight into the role of enhanced tunneling in autoionization. In these calculations each of the rovibrational levels of the H state is treated individually, without having to engage in a global coupled-state calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Ross
- Department of Physics and Centre for Laser, Atomic, and Molecular Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3 Canada.
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Abstract
The ongoing quest to identify molecules in the interstellar medium by their electronic spectra in the visible region is reviewed. Identification of molecular absorption is described in the context of the elucidation of the carriers of the unidentified Diffuse Interstellar Bands, and molecular emission is discussed with reference to the unidentified Red Rectangle bands. The experimental techniques employed in undertaking studies on the optical spectroscopy of extraterrestrial molecules are described and critiqued in the context of their application.
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Pielage T, de Lange A, Brandi F, Ubachs W. Bound energy levels at the n=2 dissociation threshold in HD. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Reinhold E, Ubachs W. Observation of coherent wave packets in a heavy Rydberg system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:013001. [PMID: 11800941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.013001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Coherent dynamical behavior is observed in the heavy Rydberg system H+H-. Because of the large mass, time scales of the wave-packet evolution are orders of magnitude slower than for a Rydberg electron. In the presence of a weak electric field, wave packets made up of about 1000 Stark states are excited by near-Fourier transform limited nanosecond laser pulses. Pulsed-field dissociation reveals coherent time evolution on a microsecond time scale, observed as oscillations with frequencies explained by a linear Stark model applied to the H+H- system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Reinhold
- Laser Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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de Lange A, Hogervorst W, Ubachs W, Wolniewicz L. Double-well states of ungerade symmetry in H2: first observation and comparison with Ab initio calculations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:2988-2991. [PMID: 11290089 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The observation of a new class of long-lived outer well states of ungerade symmetry (B"B1Sigma+u) in molecular hydrogen, lying above the ionization threshold, is reported. Rovibrational levels within a potential extended over internuclear separations of R = 7-25 a.u. are experimentally investigated in a triple resonance scheme. Good agreement ( <0.5 cm(-1)) with updated ab initio calculations is found for vibrational levels up to v = 26, demonstrating that such calculations can now be extended to this energetic range above ionization, as long as interaction with the Rydberg manifolds is shielded by a barrier. The dynamical behavior (predissociation and autoionization) of this class of " u" symmetry states is remarkably different from similar outer well states of " g" symmetry; this phenomenon can be understood from the structure of doubly excited electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Lange
- Laser Center, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Staszewska G. Transition Moments between w3Πg State and the First Three 3Σu and 3Πu States of the Hydrogen Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003781z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Staszewska
- Institute of Physics, Nicholas Copernicus University, ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Reinhold E, Hogervorst W, Ubachs W. Tunneling and decay dynamics of H̄ 1Σg+ outer well states in hydrogen. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fernández-Alonso F, Bean B, Ayers J, Pomerantz A, Zare R. New Scheme for Measuring the Angular Momentum Spatial Anisotropy of Vibrationally Excited H2 via the I 1Πg State. Z PHYS CHEM 2000. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2000.214.9.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the spectroscopic detection of vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen using 2+1 resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) via the I
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