Theoretical study of low-lying electronic states of TiCl and ZrCl

The P-branch emission spectral lines in the [12.8] 2Φ7/2-a2Φ7/2 system of TiCl

The P-branch spectral lines of high-lying rotational quantum states of (2, 1), (1, 1) bands in [12.8] (2)Φ(7/2)-a(2)Φ(7/2) electronic transition of TiCl are obtained in this work by using an analytical formula proposed recently by Sun et al. The formula has generated 31 unknown P-branch emission spectral lines up to J=80.5 those may not be available experimentally for these bands of TiCl molecule.

Spectroscopy of diatomic ZrF and ZrCl: 760-555 nm

The optical spectrum of diatomic ZrF has been investigated, with transitions recorded in the range from 14,700 to 18,000 cm(-1). Many bands have been observed, several of which can be grouped into three band systems. Rotationally resolved investigations are hampered by perturbations that are rampant among the excited states, but three unperturbed bands have revealed that the ground state of ZrF has Ω" = 3/2, with a bond length of r(e)'' = 1.854(1) Å. Hot bands originating from v" = 1 provide the ground state vibrational interval, ΔG(1/2)'' = 691.45(2) cm(-1) for (90)Zr(19)F. Based on comparisons to ZrCl and ligand-field considerations, the ZrF ground state is assigned as a (2)Δ(3/2) level deriving from the 3σ(2) 1δ(1) configuration, in agreement with a previous study. In addition to the measurements on ZrF, vibronically resolved spectra of ZrCl have been recorded over the 13,000 to 18,000 cm(-1) range, and four band systems have been identified.

Electronic structures and chemical bonding in 4d transition metal monohalides

Bond distances, vibrational frequencies, dipole moments, dissociation energies, electron affinities, and ionization potentials of MX (XM = Y-Cd, X = F, Cl, Br, I) molecules in neutral, positively, and negatively charged ions were studied by density functional method, B3LYP. The bonding patterns were analyzed and compared with both the available data and across the series. It was found that besides ionic component, covalent bonds are formed between the 4d transition metal s, d orbitals, and the p orbital of halogen. For both neutral and charged molecules, the fluorides have the shortest bond distance, iodides the longest. Although the opposite situation is observed for vibrational frequency, that is, fluorides have the largest value, iodides the smallest. For neutral and anionic species, the dissociation energy tends to decrease with the increasing atomic number from Y to Cd, suggesting the decreasing or weakening of the bond strength. For cationic species, the trend is observed from Y to Ag.

High-Resolution Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the TiCl Radical in the 420-nm Region

Emission spectra of the TiCl radical in the 420-nm region have been observed at a resolution of 0.04 cm(-1) using a Fourier transform spectrometer. A new electronic assignment of (4)Gamma-X(4)Phi has been proposed. Rotational analysis has been provided for the 0-0 and 1-1 vibrational bands of the (4)Gamma(5/2)-X(4)Phi(3/2) and (4)Gamma(7/2)-X(4)Phi(5/2) spin components and the 0-0 band of (4)Gamma(9/2)-X(4)Phi(7/2). Copyright 2000 Academic Press.