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Zhang R, Madhavi V, Shaffer TD, Androsch R, Schick C. Cyclic Olefin Copolymers (COC) – Excellent Glass Formers with Low Dynamic Fragility. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Institute of Physics and Competence Centre°CALOR University of Rostock Rostock 18051 Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN) Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle/Saale 06099 Germany
| | | | | | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN) Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle/Saale 06099 Germany
| | - Christoph Schick
- Institute of Physics and Competence Centre°CALOR University of Rostock Rostock 18051 Germany
- Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University 18 Kremlyovskaya Street Kazan 420008 Russia
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2
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Rheology of Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) Macromolecular Nano Assemblies. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030455. [PMID: 35160445 PMCID: PMC8839273 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently reported combined polymerization process of glycidyl methacrylate, mediated by homometallic and heterobimetallic aluminium complexes, naturally produces nano-sized macromolecular assemblies. In this work, the morphological features and the rheological properties of these novel nanoassemblies are studied. The hydrodynamic sizes of the nanoparticles in the solution range from 10 to 40 nm (in numbers), but on a flat surface they adopt a characteristic thin disk shape. The dynamic moduli have been determined in a broad range of temperatures, and the time—temperature superposition applied to obtain master curves of the whole viscoelastic response from the glassy to the terminal regions. The fragility values obtained from the temperature dependence are of m ~40, typical of van de Waals liquids, suggesting a very effective packing of the macromolecular assemblies. The rheological master curves feature a characteristic viscoelastic relaxation with the absence of elastic intermediate plateau, indicating that the systems behaved as un-entangled polymers. The analysis of the linear viscoelastic fingerprint reveals a Zimm-like dynamics at intermediate frequencies typical of unentangled systems. This behaviour resembles that observed in highly functionalized stars, dendrimers, soft colloids and microgels.
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3
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Mei B, Zhou Y, Schweizer KS. Experimental Tests of a Theoretically Predicted Noncausal Correlation between Dynamics and Thermodynamics in Glass-forming Polymer Melts. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baicheng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Material Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yuxing Zhou
- Department of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Material Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Schweizer
- Department of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Material Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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4
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Exploring energy landscapes at the DFTB quantum level using the threshold algorithm: the case of the anionic metal cluster Au$$_{20}^{-}$$. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Wu G, Liu Y, Shi G. New Experimental Evidence for Thermodynamic Links to the Kinetic Fragility of Glass-Forming Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanbiao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gaopeng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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6
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Storey AN, Zhang W, Douglas JF, Starr FW. How Does Monomer Structure Affect the Interfacial Dynamics of Supported Ultrathin Polymer Films? Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amber N. Storey
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0155, United States
| | - Wengang Zhang
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0155, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Francis W. Starr
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0155, United States
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7
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Luo S, Wang T, Ocheje MU, Zhang S, Xu J, Qian Z, Gu X, Xue G, Rondeau-Gagné S, Jiang J, Hu W, Zhuravlev E, Zhou D. Multiamorphous Phases in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers: From Bulk to Ultrathin Films. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaochuan Luo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Michael U. Ocheje
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Gi Xue
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Evgeny Zhuravlev
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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8
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Qian Z, Galuska L, McNutt WW, Ocheje MU, He Y, Cao Z, Zhang S, Xu J, Hong K, Goodman RB, Rondeau‐Gagné S, Mei J, Gu X. Challenge and Solution of Characterizing Glass Transition Temperature for Conjugated Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesThe University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
| | - Luke Galuska
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesThe University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
| | - William W. McNutt
- Department of ChemistryPurdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Michael U. Ocheje
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Windsor Windsor N9B3P4 Ontario Canada
| | - Youjun He
- Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesThe University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesThe University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
| | - Jie Xu
- Naonotechnology and Science DivisionArgonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996
| | - Renée B. Goodman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Windsor Windsor N9B3P4 Ontario Canada
| | - Simon Rondeau‐Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Windsor Windsor N9B3P4 Ontario Canada
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of ChemistryPurdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesThe University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
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9
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Shen J, Yildirim E, Li S, Caydamli Y, Pasquinelli MA, Tonelli AE. Role of Local Polymer Conformations on the Diverging Glass Transition Temperatures and Dynamic Fragilities of Isotactic-, Syndiotactic-, and Atactic-Poly(methyl methacrylate)s. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Shen
- Fiber & Polymer Science Program and Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States
| | - Erol Yildirim
- Fiber & Polymer Science Program and Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States
| | - Shanshan Li
- Fiber & Polymer Science Program and Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States
| | - Yavuz Caydamli
- Fiber & Polymer Science Program and Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States
| | - Melissa A. Pasquinelli
- Fiber & Polymer Science Program and Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States
| | - Alan E. Tonelli
- Fiber & Polymer Science Program and Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States
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10
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Govinna ND, Keller T, Schick C, Cebe P. Melt-electrospinning of poly(ether ether ketone) fibers to avoid sulfonation. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Qian Z, Cao Z, Galuska L, Zhang S, Xu J, Gu X. Glass Transition Phenomenon for Conjugated Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Luke Galuska
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
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12
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Konieczkowska J, Janeczek H, Malecki JG, Schab-Balcerzak E. The comprehensive approach towards study of (azo)polymers fragility parameter: Effect of architecture, intra- and intermolecular interactions and backbone conformation. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Soto Puente JA, Delbreilh L, Dittmer J, Briand V, Vernay S, Dargent E. Microstructural properties and dielectric relaxations of partially fluorinated copolymers. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Snyder CR, DeLongchamp DM. Glassy phases in organic semiconductors. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2018; 22:10.1016/j.cossms.2018.03.001. [PMID: 35529422 PMCID: PMC9074799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors may be processed from fluids using graphical arts printing and patterning techniques to create complex circuitry. Because organic semiconductors are weak van der Waals solids, the creation of glassy phases during processing is quite common. Because structural disorder leads to electronic disorder, it is necessary to understand these phases to optimize and control the electronic properties of these materials. Here we review the significance of glassy phases in organic semiconductors. We examine challenges in the measurement of the glass transition temperature and the accurate classification of phases in these relatively rigid materials. Device implications of glassy phases are discussed. Processing schemes that are grounded in the principles of glass physics and sound glass transition temperature measurement will more quickly achieve desired structure and electronic characteristics, accelerating the exciting progress of organic semiconductor technology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Snyder
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Dean M DeLongchamp
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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15
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Neelamraju S, Oligschleger C, Schön JC. The threshold algorithm: Description of the methodology and new developments. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:152713. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4985912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Neelamraju
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Christina Oligschleger
- University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Von-Liebig-Str. 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - J. Christian Schön
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Tu W, Li X, Chen Z, Liu YD, Labardi M, Capaccioli S, Paluch M, Wang LM. Glass formability in medium-sized molecular systems/pharmaceuticals. I. Thermodynamics vs. kinetics. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:174502. [PMID: 27155640 DOI: 10.1063/1.4947476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrutinizing critical thermodynamic and kinetic factors for glass formation and the glass stability of materials would benefit the screening of the glass formers for the industry of glassy materials. The present work aims at elucidating the factors that contribute to the glass formation by investigating medium-sized molecules of pharmaceuticals. Glass transition related thermodynamics and kinetics are performed on the pharmaceuticals using calorimetric, dielectric, and viscosity measurements. The characteristic thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of glass transition are found to reproduce the relations established for small-molecule glass formers. The systematic comparison of the thermodynamic and kinetic contributions to glass formation reveals that the melting-point viscosity is the crucial quantity for the glass formation. Of more interest is the finding of a rough correlation between the melting-point viscosity and the entropy of fusion normalized by the number of beads of the pharmaceuticals, suggesting the thermodynamics can partly manifest its contribution to glass formation via kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkang Tu
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Zeming Chen
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Ying Dan Liu
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | | | - Simone Capaccioli
- CNR-IPCF, Sede Secondaria Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Li-Min Wang
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
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17
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Segmental mobility and glass transition of poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) copolymers: Is there a continuum in the dynamic glass transitions from PVAc to PE? POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiguang Li
- Whitacre College of Engineering,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-4121, United States
| | - Gregory B. McKenna
- Whitacre College of Engineering,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-4121, United States
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19
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Redondo-Foj B, Carsí M, Ortiz-Serna P, Sanchis MJ, Vallejos S, García F, García JM. Effect of the Dipole–Dipole Interactions in the Molecular Dynamics of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-Based Copolymers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Redondo-Foj
- Instituto
Tecnológico de la Energía, Departamento de Termodinámica
Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí
de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Carsí
- Instituto
Tecnológico de la Energía, Departamento de Termodinámica
Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí
de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - P. Ortiz-Serna
- Instituto
Tecnológico de la Energía, Departamento de Termodinámica
Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí
de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. J. Sanchis
- Instituto
Tecnológico de la Energía, Departamento de Termodinámica
Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí
de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Vallejos
- Departamento
de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - F. García
- Departamento
de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - J. M. García
- Departamento
de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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20
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Cangialosi D. Dynamics and thermodynamics of polymer glasses. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:153101. [PMID: 24675099 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/15/153101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The fate of matter when decreasing the temperature at constant pressure is that of passing from gas to liquid and, subsequently, from liquid to crystal. However, a class of materials can exist in an amorphous phase below the melting temperature. On cooling such materials, a glass is formed; that is, a material with the rigidity of a solid but exhibiting no long-range order. The study of the thermodynamics and dynamics of glass-forming systems is the subject of continuous research. Within the wide variety of glass formers, an important sub-class is represented by glass forming polymers. The presence of chain connectivity and, in some cases, conformational disorder are unfavourable factors from the point of view of crystallization. Furthermore, many of them, such as amorphous thermoplastics, thermosets and rubbers, are widely employed in many applications. In this review, the peculiarities of the thermodynamics and dynamics of glass-forming polymers are discussed, with particular emphasis on those topics currently the subject of debate. In particular, the following aspects will be reviewed in the present work: (i) the connection between the pronounced slowing down of glassy dynamics on cooling towards the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the thermodynamics; and, (ii) the fate of the dynamics and thermodynamics below Tg. Both aspects are reviewed in light of the possible presence of a singularity at a finite temperature with diverging relaxation time and zero configurational entropy. In this context, the specificity of glass-forming polymers is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cangialosi
- Materials Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabel 5 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
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21
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Ravindren S, Gunasekera K, Tucker Z, Diebold A, Boolchand P, Micoulaut M. Crucial effect of melt homogenization on the fragility of non-stoichiometric chalcogenides. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:134501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4869107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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23
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Zhou Z, Yang W, Yan D, Liu H. Temperature Dependence of Polypropylene Configurations. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201300126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Wenming Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Chungchun 130023 China
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24
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Gunasekera K, Bhosle S, Boolchand P, Micoulaut M. Superstrong nature of covalently bonded glass-forming liquids at select compositions. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:164511. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4826463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Khairy Y, Alvarez F, Arbe A, Colmenero J. Applicability of mode-coupling theory to polyisobutylene: a molecular dynamics simulation study. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:042302. [PMID: 24229167 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.042302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of Mode Coupling Theory (MCT) to the glass-forming polymer polyisobutylene (PIB) has been explored by using fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. MCT predictions for the so-called asymptotic regime have been successfully tested on the dynamic structure factor and the self-correlation function of PIB main-chain carbons calculated from the simulated cell. The factorization theorem and the time-temperature superposition principle are satisfied. A consistent fitting procedure of the simulation data to the MCT asymptotic power-laws predicted for the α-relaxation regime has delivered the dynamic exponents of the theory-in particular, the exponent parameter λ-the critical non-ergodicity parameters, and the critical temperature T(c). The obtained values of λ and T(c) agree, within the uncertainties involved in both studies, with those deduced from depolarized light scattering experiments [A. Kisliuk et al., J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 38, 2785 (2000)]. Both, λ and T(c)/T(g) values found for PIB are unusually large with respect to those commonly obtained in low molecular weight systems. Moreover, the high T(c)/T(g) value is compatible with a certain correlation of this parameter with the fragility in Angell's classification. Conversely, the value of λ is close to that reported for real polymers, simulated "realistic" polymers and simple polymer models with intramolecular barriers. In the framework of the MCT, such finding should be the signature of two different mechanisms for the glass-transition in real polymers: intermolecular packing and intramolecular barriers combined with chain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Khairy
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) - Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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Capaccioli S, Ngai KL. Resolving the controversy on the glass transition temperature of water? J Chem Phys 2011; 135:104504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3633242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Papageorgiou GZ, Achilias DS, Karayannidis GP. Isoconversional Glass Transition Kinetics and Fragility Determination of Poly[(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)-co
-(butylene 2,6-naphthalate)] Random Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Stukalin EB, Douglas JF, Freed KF. Plasticization and antiplasticization of polymer melts diluted by low molar mass species. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:084504. [PMID: 20192304 DOI: 10.1063/1.3304738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An analysis of glass formation for polymer melts that are diluted by structured molecular additives is derived by using the generalized entropy theory, which involves a combination of the Adam-Gibbs model and the direct computation of the configurational entropy based on a lattice model of polymer melts that includes monomer structural effects. Our computations indicate that the plasticization and antiplasticization of polymer melts depend on the molecular properties of the additive. Antiplasticization is accompanied by a "toughening" of the glass mixture relative to the pure polymer, and this effect is found to occur when the diluents are small species with strongly attractive interactions with the polymer matrix. Plasticization leads to a decreased glass transition temperature T(g) and a "softening" of the fragile host polymer in the glass state. Plasticization is prompted by small additives with weakly attractive interactions with the polymer matrix. However, the latter situation can lead to phase separation if the attractive interactions are sufficiently strong. The shifts in T(g) of polystyrene diluted by fully flexible short oligomers (up to 20% mass of diluent) are evaluated from the computations, along with the relative changes in the isothermal compressibility at T(g) (a softening or toughening effect) to characterize the extent to which the additives act as antiplasticizers or plasticizers. The theory predicts that a decreased fragility can accompany both antiplasticization and plasticization of the glass by molecular additives. The general reduction in the T(g) of polymers by molecular additives is rationalized by analyzing the influence of the diluent's properties (cohesive energy, chain length, and stiffness) on glass formation in fluid mixtures and the variation of fragility is discussed in relation to changes in the molecular packing in diluted polymer melts. Our description of constant temperature glass formation upon increasing the diluent concentration directly leads to the Angell equation (tau(alpha) approximately A exp{B/(phi(0,p)-phi(p))}) for the structural relaxation time as function of the polymer concentration, where the extrapolated "zero mobility concentration" phi(0,p) calculated from the theory scales linearly with the inverse polymerization index N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny B Stukalin
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Stavrou E, Tsiantos C, Tsopouridou RD, Kripotou S, Kontos AG, Raptis C, Capoen B, Bouazaoui M, Turrell S, Khatir S. Raman scattering boson peak and differential scanning calorimetry studies of the glass transition in tellurium-zinc oxide glasses. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:195103. [PMID: 21386447 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/19/195103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Raman scattering and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements have been carried out on four mixed tellurium-zinc oxide (TeO(2))(1 - x)(ZnO)(x) (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) glasses under variable temperature, with particular attention being given to the respective glass transition region. From the DSC measurements, the glass transition temperature T(g) has been determined for each glass, showing a monotonous decrease of T(g) with increasing ZnO content. The Raman study is focused on the low-frequency band of the glasses, the so-called boson peak (BP), whose frequency undergoes an abrupt decrease at a temperature T(d) very close to the respective T(g) values obtained by DSC. These results show that the BP is highly sensitive to dynamical effects over the glass transition and provides a means for an equally reliable (to DSC) determination of T(g) in tellurite glasses and other network glasses. The discontinuous temperature dependence of the BP frequency at the glass transition, along with the absence of such a behaviour by the high-frequency Raman bands (due to local atomic vibrations), indicates that marked changes of the medium range order (MRO) occur at T(g) and confirms the correlation between the BP and the MRO of glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stavrou
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Bartolotta A, Carini G, Carini G, Di Marco G, Tripodo G. Subglass Cooperative Mechanical Relaxations and Activation Entropy in Heterocyclic Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100137w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bartolotta
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del C. N. R., Sez. di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Di Marco
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del C. N. R., Sez. di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gaspare Tripodo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
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31
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A new threshold of uncovering the nature of glass transition: The slow ß relaxation in glassy states. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-009-0711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schön JC, Jansen M. Determination, prediction, and understanding of structures, using the energy landscapes of chemical systems – Part II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.216.7.361.20362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the past decade, new theoretical approaches have been developed to determine, predict and understand the struc-ture of chemical compounds. The central element of these methods has been the investigation of the energy landscape of chemical systems. Applications range from extended crystalline and amorphous compounds over clusters and molecular crystals to proteins. In this review, we are going to give an introduction to energy landscapes and methods for their investigation, together with a number of examples. These include structure prediction of extended and mo-lecular crystals, structure prediction and folding of proteins, structure analysis of zeolites, and structure determination of crystals from powder diffraction data.
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Kunal K, Robertson CG, Pawlus S, Hahn SF, Sokolov AP. Role of Chemical Structure in Fragility of Polymers: A Qualitative Picture. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Kunal
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, Center for Research and Technology, Bridgestone Americas, Akron, Ohio 44317-0001, Institute of Physics, Silesian University, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007, Poland, and The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674
| | - Christopher G. Robertson
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, Center for Research and Technology, Bridgestone Americas, Akron, Ohio 44317-0001, Institute of Physics, Silesian University, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007, Poland, and The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674
| | - Sebastian Pawlus
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, Center for Research and Technology, Bridgestone Americas, Akron, Ohio 44317-0001, Institute of Physics, Silesian University, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007, Poland, and The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674
| | - Steven F. Hahn
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, Center for Research and Technology, Bridgestone Americas, Akron, Ohio 44317-0001, Institute of Physics, Silesian University, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007, Poland, and The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674
| | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, Center for Research and Technology, Bridgestone Americas, Akron, Ohio 44317-0001, Institute of Physics, Silesian University, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007, Poland, and The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674
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Capaccioli S, Ruocco G, Zamponi F. Dynamically Correlated Regions and Configurational Entropy in Supercooled Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:10652-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp802097u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Capaccioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy, CNR-INFM/CRS-Soft, Universita di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy, Service de Physique Théorique, DSM/CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l′École Normale Supérieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy, CNR-INFM/CRS-Soft, Universita di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy, Service de Physique Théorique, DSM/CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l′École Normale Supérieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Francesco Zamponi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy, CNR-INFM/CRS-Soft, Universita di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy, Service de Physique Théorique, DSM/CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l′École Normale Supérieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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36
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Andreozzi L, Autiero C, Faetti M, Galli G, Giordano M, Zulli F. Enthalpy Relaxation of Polymers: On the Possible Role of Liquid-Crystalline Order. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kasapis S. Recent advances and future challenges in the explanation and exploitation of the network glass transition of high sugar/biopolymer mixtures. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2008; 48:185-203. [PMID: 18274972 DOI: 10.1080/10408390701286025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Through the years, the concept of glassy phenomena evolved from non-science to a highly specialized subject following the appreciation that structural properties or product defects could be rationalized on the basis of this amorphous vitreous transition. Special reference will be made in this review to sugar glasses in the presence of biopolymers which, increasingly, are used to innovate (e.g., replace gelatin) in confections, ice cream, boiled down sweets, etc. Keeping in mind that the subject cuts across several conventional fields, this manuscript is written with several objectives in view. I deemed it necessary to provide a historic itinerary of the nature of the rubber-to-glass transition in association with the concepts of plasticizing and unfreezable water. That should facilitate comprehension and hopefully encourage young scientists to take an interest in the field that continues to offer considerable challenges, as well as opportunities. Second, the food scientist is exposed to the "sophisticated" synthetic polymer approach pioneered by J.D. Ferry and his colleagues via the WLF equation/free volume theoretical framework. Extension of this school of thought to biomaterials introduces the concept of mechanical or network glass transition temperature, which is contrasted to data obtained using differential scanning calorimetry. Applications of the network T(g) as a relevant indicator for evaluating the stability criteria and the quality-control aspects of foodstuffs are also discussed. All along, information available in the literature is critically presented ranging from the misuse of the WLF equation to a recent challenge to the theory mounted by the coupling model, which addresses in some detail the physics of interactions and the cooperativity of molecular mobility at the vicinity of T(g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kasapis
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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38
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Casalini R, Roland CM, Capaccioli S. Effect of chain length on fragility and thermodynamic scaling of the local segmental dynamics in poly(methylmethacrylate). J Chem Phys 2007; 126:184903. [PMID: 17508828 DOI: 10.1063/1.2728898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Local segmental relaxation properties of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) of varying molecular weight are measured by dielectric spectroscopy and analyzed in combination with the equation of state obtained from PVT measurements. Significant variations of glass transition temperature and fragility with molecular weight are observed. In accord with the general properties of glass-forming materials, single molecular weight dependent scaling exponent gamma is sufficient to define the mean segmental relaxation time taualpha and its distribution. This exponent can be connected to the Gruneisen parameter and related thermodynamic quantities, thus demonstrating the interrelationship between dynamics and thermodynamics in PMMA. Changes in the relaxation properties ("dynamic crossover") are observed as a function of both temperature and pressure, with taualpha serving as the control parameter for the crossover. At longer taualpha another change in the dynamics is apparent, associated with a decoupling of the local segmental process from ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Casalini
- Chemistry Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
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39
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Abstract
We review the random first-order transition theory of the glass transition, emphasizing the experimental tests of the theory. Many distinct phenomena are quantitatively predicted or explained by the theory, both above and below the glass transition temperature T(g). These include the following: the viscosity catastrophe and heat-capacity jump at T(g), and their connection; the nonexponentiality of relaxations and their correlation with the fragility; dynamic heterogeneity in supercooled liquids owing to the mosaic structure; deviations from the Vogel-Fulcher law, connected with strings or fractal cooperative rearrangements; deviations from the Stokes-Einstein relation close to T(g); aging and its correlation with fragility; and the excess density of states at cryogenic temperatures owing to two-level tunneling systems and the Boson peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Lubchenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA.
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40
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Wang LM, Angell CA, Richert R. Fragility and thermodynamics in nonpolymeric glass-forming liquids. J Chem Phys 2007; 125:074505. [PMID: 16942349 DOI: 10.1063/1.2244551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For nonpolymeric supercooled liquids, the empirical correlation m = 56Tg DeltaCp(Tg)/DeltaHm provides a reliable means of correlating dynamic and thermodynamic variables. The dynamics are characterized by the fragility or steepness index m and the glass transition temperature Tg, while thermodynamics enter in terms of the heat capacity step DeltaCp at Tg and the melting enthalpy DeltaHm. The combination of the above correlation with the 23 rule for the Tg/Tm ratio yields an expression, m = 40DeltaCp(Tg)/DeltaSm, which was rationalized as the correlation of the thermodynamic and kinetic fragilities. Defining a thermodynamic fragility via DeltaCp(Tg)/DeltaSm also reveals that the slopes in Kauzmann's original DeltaS(T)/DeltaSm versus T/Tm plot reflect the fragility concept [Chem. Rev. 43, 219 (1948)], so long as Tm/Tg = 1.5. For the many liquids whose excess heat capacity is a hyperbolic function of temperature, we deduce that the fragility cannot exceed m = 170, unless the Tg/Tm = 2/3 rule breaks down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
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41
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Hu L, Bian X, Qin X, Yue Y, Zhao Y, Wang C. Thermodynamic Basis for Cluster Kinetics: Prediction of the Fragility of Marginal Metallic Glass-Forming Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:21950-7. [PMID: 17064164 DOI: 10.1021/jp063628q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to the inaccessibility of the supercooled region of marginal metallic glasses (MMGs) within the experimental time window, we study the cluster kinetics above the liquidus temperature, Tl, to acquire information on the fragility of the MMG systems. The thermodynamic basis for the stability of locally ordered structure in the MMG liquids is discussed in terms of the two-order-parameter model. It is found that the Arrhenius activation energy of clusters, Deltah, is proportional to the chemical mixing enthalpy of alloys, DeltaH(chem). Fragility of the MMG forming liquids can be described by the ratio of the absolute DeltaH(chem) value to the glass transition temperature, Tg. The manner of vitrification during rapid solidification is an important factor for the discrepancy between the data presented in this paper and the prediction of the two-order-parameter model concerning the relation between Delta h and the liquid fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hu
- Key laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University (South Part), Jingshi Road 73, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China.
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Vyazovkin S, Sbirrazzuoli N, Dranca I. Variation in Activation Energy of the Glass Transition for Polymers of Different Dynamic Fragility. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200600095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Blochowiak M, Pakula T, Butt HJ, Bruch M, Floudas G. Thermodynamics and rheology of cycloolefin copolymers. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:134903. [PMID: 16613473 DOI: 10.1063/1.2178339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycloolefin copolymers of ethylene and norbornene, with norbornene content in the range from 36 to 62 mol %, were studied with respect to the thermal, thermodynamic, and rheological properties using differential scanning calorimetry, pressure-volume-temperature, and dynamic mechanical measurements. All copolymers obey the principle of time-temperature superposition, i.e., they can be considered as thermorheologically simple except for a temperature range in the vicinity of T(g). Despite this, the results on (i) the ratio of activation energies E(V)(*)/H(*) used to quantify the origin of the liquid-to-glass transition, (ii) the pressure coefficient of the glass temperature T(g)(P), and (iii) the dynamic fragility m suggest increasing dynamic heterogeneity with increasing norbornene content that is driven by the structural heterogeneity along the backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blochowiak
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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44
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Cangialosi D, Alegría A, Colmenero J. A thermodynamic approach to the fragility of glass-forming polymers. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:024906. [PMID: 16422647 DOI: 10.1063/1.2149853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have connected the dynamic fragility, namely, the steepness of the relaxation-time variation upon temperature reduction, to the excess entropy and heat capacity of a large number of glass-forming polymers. The connection was obtained in a natural way from the Adam-Gibbs equation, relating the structural relaxation time to the configurational entropy. We find a clear correlation for a group of polymers. For another group of polymers, for which this correlation does not work, we emphasize the role of relaxation processes unrelated to the alpha process in affecting macroscopic thermodynamic properties. Once the residual excess entropy at the Vogel temperature is removed from the total excess entropy, the correlation between dynamic fragility and thermodynamic properties is reestablished.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cangialosi
- Fundacion Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
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45
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Kalakkunnath S, Kalika DS, Lin H, Freeman BD. Viscoelastic characteristics of UV polymerized poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate networks with varying extents of crosslinking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Roland CM, Roland DF, Wang J, Casalini R. Isobaric and isochoric fragilities and the influence of volume on the temperature dependence of local segmental relaxation in polyvinylethylene networks. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:204905. [PMID: 16351315 DOI: 10.1063/1.2135787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ratio of the isochoric and isobaric activation enthalpies at T(g) is used to quantify the relative contributions of the specific volume and temperature to the local segmental dynamics of polyvinylethylene networks. The dynamics of the networks become more dominated by temperature with increasing cross-link density, consistent with an increasing isobaric fragility. We also find a correlation between the isochoric and isobaric fragilities for the polyvinylethylene networks, in accord with a previously reported relationship between these two quantities for polymers and molecular glass-forming liquids [R. Casalini and C. M. Roland, Phys. Rev. E 72, 031503 (2005)].
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Roland
- Code 6120, Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375-5342.
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47
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Dudowicz J, Freed KF, Douglas JF. Fragility of Glass-Forming Polymer Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:21350-6. [PMID: 16853769 DOI: 10.1021/jp053693k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fragility of polymeric glass-forming liquids is calculated as a function of molecular structural parameters from a generalized entropy theory of polymer glass-formation that combines the Adam-Gibbs (AG) model for the rate of structural relaxation with the lattice cluster theory (LCT) for polymer melt thermodynamics. Our generalized entropy theory predicts the existence of distinct high and low temperature regimes of glass-formation that are separated by a thermodynamically well-defined crossover temperature T(I) at which the product of the configurational entropy and the temperature has an inflection point. Since the predicted temperature dependence of the configurational entropy and structural relaxation time are quite different in these temperature regimes, we introduce separate definitions of fragility for each regime. Experimentally established trends in the fragility of polymer melts with respect to variations in polymer microstructure and pressure are interpreted within our theory in terms of the accompanying changes in the chain packing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Dudowicz
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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48
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Dynamic mechanical analysis of segmental relaxation in unsaturated polyester resin networks: Effect of styrene content. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hu L, Bian X, Wang W, Liu G, Jia Y. Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Metallic Glass Formers: Their Correlation for the Investigation on Potential Energy Landscape. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:13737-42. [PMID: 16852721 DOI: 10.1021/jp052561o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in basic features of the potential energy landscape (PEL) theoretically. The present work, however, attempts to cast new light on it from experimental aspects. By a survey of experimental data related to thermodynamics or dynamics of metallic glass-forming liquids, it is found that the increased rate of excitation of vibrational entropy at glass transition tends to increase the rate of generation of configurational part. Although for the type of metallic materials a generally positive relationship exists between the density of the energy minima at glass transition and the liquid fragility strength, just as expected, our main attention is paid to the phenomenon of the scattering of the slopes. Analysis shows that the phenomenon results from the different average height of energy barriers between minima near glass transition. Investigation on the PdNiP metallic system indicates that the mismatch entropy is a dominant factor in the barrier height: a large value of it results in low energy barriers. Our previous work on the AlNiCe system gives the support to this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hu
- Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University (South Part), Jinan 250061, P.R. China. hulina0850@ mail.sdu.edu.cn
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Andreozzi L, Faetti M, Giordano M, Zulli F. Molecular-Weight Dependence of Enthalpy Relaxation of PMMA. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0507037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andreozzi
- Physics Department of the University of Pisa and I.N.F.M U.d.R. Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Faetti
- Physics Department of the University of Pisa and I.N.F.M U.d.R. Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Giordano
- Physics Department of the University of Pisa and I.N.F.M U.d.R. Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Zulli
- Physics Department of the University of Pisa and I.N.F.M U.d.R. Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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