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Chen Q, Chen WJ, Wu XY, Chen TT, Yuan RN, Lu HG, Yuan DF, Li SD, Wang LS. Investigation of Pb-B Bonding in PbB 2(BO) n- ( n = 0-2): Transformation from Aromatic PbB 2- to Pb[B 2(BO) 2] -/0 Complexes with BB Triple Bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5356-5367. [PMID: 38269413 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02800c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Boron has been found to be able to form multiple bonds with lead. To probe Pb-B bonding, here we report an investigation of three Pb-doped boron clusters, PbB2-, PbB3O-, and PbB4O2-, which are produced by a laser ablation cluster source and characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. The most stable structures of PbB2-, PbB3O-, and PbB4O2- are found to follow the formula, [PbB2(BO)n]- (n = 0-2), with zero, one, and two boronyl ligands coordinated to a triangular and aromatic PbB2 core, respectively. The PbB2- cluster contains a BB double bond and two Pb-B single bonds. The coordination of BO is observed to weaken Pb-B bonding but strengthen the BB bond in [PbB2(BO)n]- (n = 1, 2). The anionic [PbB2(BO)2]- and its corresponding neutral closed-shell [PbB2(BO)2] contain a BB triple bond. A low-lying Y-shaped isomer is also observed for PbB4O2-, consisting of a central sp2 hybridized B atom bonded to two boronyl ligands and a PbB unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
| | - Xin-Yao Wu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Teng-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui-Nan Yuan
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Gang Lu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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2
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Pozdeev AS, Chen WJ, Choi HW, Kulichenko M, Yuan DF, Boldyrev AI, Wang LS. Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Study of Di-Copper-Boron Clusters: Cu 2B 3- and Cu 2B 4. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37235389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Copper has been found to be able to mediate the formation of bilayer borophenes. Copper-boron binary clusters are ideal model systems to probe the copper-boron interactions, which are essential to understand the growth mechanisms of borophenes on copper substrates. Here, we report a joint photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study on two di-copper-doped boron clusters: Cu2B3- and Cu2B4-. Well-resolved photoelectron spectra are obtained, revealing the presence of a low-lying isomer in both cases. Theoretical calculations show that the global minimum of Cu2B3- (C2v, 1A1) contains a doubly aromatic B3- unit weakly interacting with a Cu2 dimer, while the low-lying isomer (C2v, 1A1) consists of a B3 triangle with the two Cu atoms covalently bonded to two B atoms at two vertexes. The global minimum of Cu2B4- (D2h, 2Ag) is found to consist of a rhombus B4 unit covalently bonded to the two Cu atoms at two opposite vertexes, whereas in the low-lying isomer (Cs, 2A'), one of the two Cu atoms is bonded to two B atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton S Pozdeev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Hyun Wook Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Maksim Kulichenko
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Alexander I Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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3
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Li PF, Zhai HJ. Structures and chemical bonding of boron-based B 12O and B 11Au clusters. A counterexample in boronyl chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10952-10961. [PMID: 35466336 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01277d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron oxide clusters have structural diversity and unique chemical bonding, and recent literature has shown that boronyl complexes dominate boron-rich oxide clusters. A counterexample in boronyl chemistry is presented in this work. Using global structural searches, electronic structure calculations, and chemical bonding analyses, we shall report on the computational design of two boron-based quasi-planar or planar clusters: B12O and B11Au. Contrary to expectation, the B12O cluster has a circular quasi-planar shape with a peripheral B-O-B bridge, which resembles bare B12 cluster. It does not contain a boronyl ligand. The isomeric boronyl complex turns out to be 10.32 kcal mol-1 higher in energy at the single-point CCSD(T) level. In contrast, B11Au cluster behaves normally with an elongated B11 moiety and a terminal Au ligand. Chemical bonding analyses reveal three-fold π/σ aromaticity in circular B12O cluster, including global 6π aromaticity, as well as spatially isolated inner 2σ aromaticity and outer 10σ aromaticity. The three-fold 6π/2σ/10σ aromaticity underlies the stability of B12O cluster. This bonding picture is unknown for bare B12 cluster and its derivatives. The elongated B11Au cluster has conflicting π/σ aromaticity (with 6π versus 8σ electron-counting). The B12O cluster is actually isoelectronic with bare B12 cluster in terms of delocalized π/σ bonding, which inherits the structural and electronic robustness of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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4
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Merriles DM, Tomchak KH, Nielson C, Morse MD. Early Transition Metals Strengthen the B 2 Bond in MB 2 Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7557-7561. [PMID: 35439416 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bond dissociation energies of early transition metal diborides (M-B2, M = Sc, Ti, V, Y, Mo) have been measured by observation of the sharp onset of predissociation in a highly congested spectrum. Density functional and CCSD(T) ab initio calculations, extrapolated to the complete basis set limit, have been used to examine the electronic structure of these species. The computations demonstrate the formation of bonding orbitals between the metal d orbitals and the 1πu bonding orbitals of B2, leading to the transfer of metallic electron density into the bonding 1πu orbitals, strengthening both the M-B and B-B bonds in the molecule. This runs counter to most metal-ligand π interactions, where electron density is generally transferred into π antibonding orbitals of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota M Merriles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kimberly H Tomchak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Christopher Nielson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Michael D Morse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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5
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Gao SJ, Guo JC, Zhai HJ. Boron Oxide B 5O 6 - Cluster as a Boronyl-Based Inorganic Analog of Phenolate Anion. Front Chem 2022; 10:868782. [PMID: 35464225 PMCID: PMC9024314 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.868782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron oxide clusters have structural richness and exotic chemical bonding. We report a quantum chemical study on the binary B5O6 - cluster, which is relatively oxygen-rich. A global structural search reveals planar C 2v (1A1) geometry as the global minimum structure, featuring a heteroatomic hexagonal B3O3 ring as its core. The three unsaturated B sites are terminated by two boronyl (BO) groups and an O- ligand. The B5O6 - cluster can be faithfully formulated as B3O3(BO)2O-. This structure is in stark contrast to that of its predecessors, C s B5O5 - and T d B5O4 -, both of which have a tetrahedral B center. Thus, there exists a major structural transformation in B5O n - series upon oxidation, indicating intriguing competition between tetrahedral and heterocyclic structures. The chemical bonding analyses show weak 6π aromaticity in the B5O6 - cluster, rendering it a boronyl analog of phenolate anion (C6H5O-) or boronyl boroxine. The calculated vertical detachment energy of B5O6 - cluster is 5.26 eV at PBE0, which greatly surpasses the electron affinities of halogens (Cl: 3.61 eV), suggesting that the cluster belongs to superhalogen anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Juan Gao
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lvliang University, Lvliang, China
| | - Jin-Chang Guo
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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6
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Chen TT, Cheung LF, Wang LS. Probing the Nature of the Transition-Metal-Boron Bonds and Novel Aromaticity in Small Metal-Doped Boron Clusters Using Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2022; 73:233-253. [PMID: 35044792 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-082820-113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopy combined with quantum chemistry has been a powerful approach to elucidate the structures and bonding of size-selected boron clusters (Bn-), revealing a prevalent planar world that laid the foundation for borophenes. Investigations of metal-doped boron clusters not only lead to novel structures but also provide important information about the metal-boron bonds that are critical to understanding the properties of boride materials. The current review focuses on recent advances in transition-metal-doped boron clusters, including the discoveries of metal-boron multiple bonds and metal-doped novel aromatic boron clusters. The study of the RhB- and RhB2O- clusters led to the discovery of the first quadruple bond between boron and a transition-metal atom, whereas a metal-boron triple bond was found in ReB2O- and IrB2O-. The ReB4- cluster was shown to be the first metallaborocycle with Möbius aromaticity, and the planar ReB6- cluster was found to exhibit aromaticity analogous to metallabenzenes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; .,Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, Center for Technology Innovation-Decarbonized Energy, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA;
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7
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Barroso J, Pan S, Merino G. Structural transformations in boron clusters induced by metal doping. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1098-1123. [PMID: 35029622 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00747e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, experimental techniques in conjunction with theoretical analyses have revealed the surprising structural diversity of boron clusters. Although the 2D to 3D transition thresholds are well-established, there is no certainty about the factors that determine the geometry adopted by these systems. The structural transformation induced by doping usually yields a minimum energy structure with a boron skeleton entirely different from that of the bare cluster. This review summarizes those clusters no larger than 40 boron atoms where one or two dopants show a radical transformation of the structure. Although the structures of these systems are not easy to predict, they often adopt familiar shapes such as umbrella-like, wheel, tubular, and cages in various cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Barroso
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, Yuc., Mexico.
| | - Sudip Pan
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, Yuc., Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, Yuc., Mexico.
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8
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Tian WJ, Chen WJ, Yan M, Li R, Wei ZH, Chen TT, Chen Q, Zhai HJ, Li SD, Wang LS. Transition-metal-like bonding behaviors of a boron atom in a boron-cluster boronyl complex [(η 7-B 7)-B-BO] . Chem Sci 2021; 12:8157-8164. [PMID: 34194706 PMCID: PMC8208299 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00534k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron displays many unusual structural and bonding properties due to its electron deficiency. Here we show that a boron atom in a boron monoxide cluster (B9O−) exhibits transition-metal-like properties. Temperature-dependent photoelectron spectroscopy provided evidence of the existence of two isomers for B9O−: the main isomer has an adiabatic detachment energy (ADE) of 4.19 eV and a higher energy isomer with an ADE of 3.59 eV. The global minimum of B9O− is found surprisingly to be an umbrella-like structure (C6v, 1A1) and its simulated spectrum agrees well with that of the main isomer observed. A low-lying isomer (Cs, 1A′) consisting of a BO unit bonded to a disk-like B8 cluster agrees well with the 3.59 eV ADE species. The unexpected umbrella-like global minimum of B9O− can be viewed as a central boron atom coordinated by a η7-B7 ligand on one side and a BO ligand on the other side, [(η7-B7)-B-BO]−. The central B atom is found to share its valence electrons with the B7 unit to fulfill double aromaticity, similar to that in half-sandwich [(η7-B7)-Zn-CO]− or [(η7-B7)-Fe(CO)3]− transition-metal complexes. The ability of boron to form a half-sandwich complex with an aromatic ligand, a prototypical property of transition metals, brings out new metallomimetic properties of boron. The global minimum of the B9O− cluster is found to have an umbrella-like structure, where the central B atom exhibits transition-metal-like bonding properties, coordinated by a η7-B7 ligand on one side and a BO ligand on the other.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Tian
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University Providence Rhode Island 02912 USA
| | - Miao Yan
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Rui Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Zhi-Hong Wei
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Teng-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University Providence Rhode Island 02912 USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University Providence Rhode Island 02912 USA
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9
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Czekner J, Wang LS. Observation of π-Backbonding in a Boronyl-Coordinated Transition Metal Complex TaBO –. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10001-10007. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Czekner
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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10
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Cheung LF, Czekner J, Kocheril GS, Wang LS. High-resolution photoelectron imaging of MnB 3 -: Probing the bonding between the aromatic B 3 cluster and 3d transition metals. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:244306. [PMID: 32610950 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The B3 triangular unit is a fundamental bonding motif in all boron compounds and nanostructures. The isolated B3 - cluster has a D3h structure with double σ and π aromaticity. Here, we report an investigation of the bonding between a B3 cluster and a 3d transition metal using high-resolution photoelectron imaging and computational chemistry. Photoelectron spectra of MnB3 - are obtained at six different photon energies, revealing rich vibrational information for the ground state detachment transition. The electron affinity of MnB3 is determined to be 1.6756(8) eV, and the most Franck-Condon-active mode observed has a measured frequency of 415(6) cm-1 due to the Mn-B3 stretch. Theoretical calculations show that MnB3 - has a C2v planar structure, with Mn coordinated to one side of the triangular B3 unit. The ground states of MnB3 - (6B2) and MnB3 (5B2) are found to have high spin multiplicity with a significant decrease in the Mn-B bond distances in the neutral due to the detachment of an Mn-B3 anti-bonding electron. The Mn atom is shown to have weak interactions with the B3 unit, which maintains its double aromaticity with relatively small structural changes from the bare B3 cluster. The bonding in MnB3 is compared with that in 5d MB3 clusters, where the strong metal-B3 interactions strongly change the structures and bonding in the B3 moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Joseph Czekner
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - G Stephen Kocheril
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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11
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Cheung LF, Kocheril GS, Czekner J, Wang LS. Observation of Möbius Aromatic Planar Metallaborocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3356-3360. [PMID: 32039591 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - G. Stephen Kocheril
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Joseph Czekner
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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12
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Czekner J, Cheung LF, Kocheril GS, Kulichenko M, Boldyrev AI, Wang L. High‐Resolution Photoelectron Imaging of IrB
3
−
: Observation of a π‐Aromatic B
3
+
Ring Coordinated to a Transition Metal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Czekner
- Department of Chemistry Brown University 324 Brook Street Providence Rhode Island 02912 USA
| | - Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry Brown University 324 Brook Street Providence Rhode Island 02912 USA
| | - G. Stephen Kocheril
- Department of Chemistry Brown University 324 Brook Street Providence Rhode Island 02912 USA
| | - Maksim Kulichenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University 324 Brook Street Providence Rhode Island 02912 USA
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13
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Czekner J, Cheung LF, Kocheril GS, Kulichenko M, Boldyrev AI, Wang LS. High-Resolution Photoelectron Imaging of IrB 3 - : Observation of a π-Aromatic B 3 + Ring Coordinated to a Transition Metal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8877-8881. [PMID: 31021049 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In a high-resolution photoelectron imaging and theoretical study of the IrB3 - cluster, two isomers were observed experimentally with electron affinities (EAs) of 1.3147(8) and 1.937(4) eV. Quantum calculations revealed two nearly degenerate isomers competing for the global minimum, both with a B3 ring coordinated with the Ir atom. The isomer with the higher EA consists of a B3 ring with a bridge-bonded Ir atom (Cs , 2 A'), and the second isomer features a tetrahedral structure (C3v , 2 A1 ). The neutral tetrahedral structure was predicted to be considerably more stable than all other isomers. Chemical bonding analysis showed that the neutral C3v isomer involves significant covalent Ir-B bonding and weak ionic bonding with charge transfer from B3 to Ir, and can be viewed as an Ir-(η3 -B3 + ) complex. This study provides the first example of a boron-to-metal charge-transfer complex and evidence of a π-aromatic B3 + ring coordinated to a transition metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Czekner
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - G Stephen Kocheril
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Maksim Kulichenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| | - Alexander I Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
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14
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Selective Generation of Free Hydrogen Atoms in the Reaction of Methane with Diatomic Gold Boride Cations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2018-1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The thermal reaction of diatomic gold boride cation AuB+ with methane has been studied by using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry in conjunction with density functional theory calculations. The AuB+ ion can activate a methane molecule to produce exclusively the free hydrogen atom, an important intermediate in hydrocarbon transformation. This result is different from the reactivity of AuC+ and CuB+ counterparts with methane in previous studies. The AuC+ cation mainly transforms methane into ethylene. The CuB+ reaction system principally generates the free hydrogen atoms, but it also gives rise a portion of ethylene-like product H2B−CH2. The B atom of AuB+ is the active site to activate methane. The strong relativistic effect on gold plays an important role for the product selectivity. The mechanistic insights obtained from this study provide guidance for rational design of active sites with high product selectivity toward methane activation.
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15
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Jian T, Chen X, Li SD, Boldyrev AI, Li J, Wang LS. Probing the structures and bonding of size-selected boron and doped-boron clusters. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3550-3591. [PMID: 31120469 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00233b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Because of their interesting structures and bonding and potentials as motifs for new nanomaterials, size-selected boron clusters have received tremendous interest in recent years. In particular, boron cluster anions (Bn-) have allowed systematic joint photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical studies, revealing predominantly two-dimensional structures. The discovery of the planar B36 cluster with a central hexagonal vacancy provided the first experimental evidence of the viability of 2D borons, giving rise to the concept of borophene. The finding of the B40 cage cluster unveiled the existence of fullerene-like boron clusters (borospherenes). Metal-doping can significantly extend the structural and bonding repertoire of boron clusters. Main-group metals interact with boron through s/p orbitals, resulting in either half-sandwich-type structures or substitutional structures. Transition metals are more versatile in bonding with boron, forming a variety of structures including half-sandwich structures, metal-centered boron rings, and metal-centered boron drums. Transition metal atoms have also been found to be able to be doped into the plane of 2D boron clusters, suggesting the possibility of metalloborophenes. Early studies of di-metal-doped boron clusters focused on gold, revealing ladder-like boron structures with terminal gold atoms. Recent observations of highly symmetric Ta2B6- and Ln2Bn- (n = 7-9) clusters have established a family of inverse sandwich structures with monocyclic boron rings stabilized by two metal atoms. The study of size-selected boron and doped-boron clusters is a burgeoning field of research. Further investigations will continue to reveal more interesting structures and novel chemical bonding, paving the foundation for new boron-based chemical compounds and nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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16
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Zhao LJ, Xu XL, Xu HG, Feng G, Zheng WJ. Structural and bonding properties of BS−/0 and BS3−/0. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structures of BS− and BS3− were determined by the combination of size-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Gang Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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17
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Jian T, Cheung LF, Chen T, Wang L. Bismuth–Boron Multiple Bonding in BiB
2
O
−
and Bi
2
B
−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9551-9555. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jian
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Teng‐Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
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18
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Jian T, Cheung LF, Chen T, Wang L. Bismuth–Boron Multiple Bonding in BiB
2
O
−
and Bi
2
B
−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jian
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Teng‐Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
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19
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Wang P, Zhang W, Xu XL, Yuan J, Xu HG, Zheng W. Gas phase anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical investigation of gold acetylide species. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:194303. [PMID: 28527467 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted gas phase anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory studies on a number of gold acetylide species, such as AuC2H, AuC2Au, and Au2C2H. Based on the photoelectron spectra, the electron affinities of AuC2H, AuC2Au, and Au2C2H are measured to be 1.54(±0.04), 1.60(±0.08), and 4.23(±0.08) eV, respectively. The highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gaps of AuC2H and AuC2Au are measured to be about 2.62 and 2.48 eV, respectively. It is interesting that photoelectron spectra of AuC2H- and AuC2Au- display similar spectral features. The comparison of experimental and theoretical results confirms that the ground-state structures of AuC2H-, AuC2Au-, and their neutrals are all linear with Au-C≡C-H and Au-C≡C-Au configurations. The similar geometric structures, spectral features, HOMO-LUMO gaps, and chemical bonding between AuC2H-/0 and AuC2Au-/0 demonstrate that Au atom behaves like H atom in these species. The photoelectron spectrum of Au2C2H- shows that Au2C2H has a high electron affinity of 4.23(±0.08) eV, indicating Au2C2H is a superhalogen. Further, we found an unusual similarity between the terminal Au atom of Au2C2H- and the iodine atom of IAuC2H-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weijun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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20
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Zhao LJ, Tian WJ, Ou T, Xu HG, Feng G, Xu XL, Zhai HJ, Li SD, Zheng WJ. Structures and chemical bonding of B3O3−/0 and B3O3H−/0: A combined photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles theory study. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:124301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4943768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen-Juan Tian
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ting Ou
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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21
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Li DZ, Li R, Zhang LJ, Ou T, Zhai HJ. Planar B3S2H3−and B3S2H3clusters with a five-membered B3S2ring: boron–sulfur hydride analogues of cyclopentadiene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21412-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03952a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron–sulfur hydride clusters,C2vB3S2H3−and B3S2H3, possess a five-membered B3S2ring as the core, which is analogous to cyclopentadiene in terms of π bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Zhi Li
- Binzhou Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Binzhou University
- Binzhou 256603
- China
| | - Rui Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- Binzhou Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Binzhou University
- Binzhou 256603
- China
| | - Ting Ou
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
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22
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Jian T, Lopez GV, Wang LS. Photoelectron Spectroscopy of BiAu– and BiBO–: Further Evidence of the Analogy between Au and Boronyl. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:1635-40. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Gary V. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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23
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Li DZ, Bai H, Ou T, Chen Q, Zhai HJ, Li SD. Planar dicyclic B6S6, B6S6−, and B6S62− clusters: Boron sulfide analogues of naphthalene. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:014302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4904289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Wang W, Chen Q, Wang YJ, Bai H, Gao TT, Li HR, Zhai HJ, Li SD. Boronyl as a terminal ligand in boron oxide clusters: hexagonal ring C2vB6O4and ethylene-like D2hB6O4−/2−. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19929-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00812c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Planar boron boronyl B6O40/−/2−clusters are predicted. B6O4is an inorganic analogue of benzene, whereas B6O4−/2−are ethylene-like with open structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Ying-Jin Wang
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Hui Bai
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Ting-Ting Gao
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Hai-Ru Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
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25
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Ou T, Tian WJ, You XR, Wang YJ, Wang K, Zhai HJ. On the structure and bonding in the B4O4+cluster: a boron oxide analogue of the 3,5-dehydrophenyl cation with p and s double aromaticity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:29697-706. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04519c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The B4O4+cluster has a hexagonal structure with a boroxol ring. It features double (p and s) aromaticity, akin to the 3,5-dehydrophenyl cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ou
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Wen-Juan Tian
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Xue-Rui You
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Ying-Jin Wang
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Kang Wang
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
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26
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Lopez GV, Czekner J, Jian T, Li WL, Yang Z, Wang LS. Probing the electronic and vibrational structure of Au2Al2− and Au2Al2 using photoelectron spectroscopy and high resolution photoelectron imaging. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:224309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4903784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gary V. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Joseph Czekner
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Tian Jian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Wei-Li Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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27
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Guo JC, Lu HG, Zhai HJ, Li SD. Face-Capping μ3-BO in B6(BO)7–: Boron Oxide Analogue of B6H7– with Rhombic 4c–2e Bonds. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:11587-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4089723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chang Guo
- Institute
of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Institute
of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers’ University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Gang Lu
- Institute
of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Institute
of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute
of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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