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Denoeud A, Hernandez JA, Vinci T, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Brygoo S, Berlioux A, Lefevre F, Sollier A, Videau L, Ravasio A, Guarguaglini M, Duthoit L, Loison D, Brambrink E. X-ray powder diffraction in reflection geometry on multi-beam kJ-type laser facilities. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:013902. [PMID: 33514214 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An ultrafast x-ray powder diffraction setup for laser-driven dynamic compression has been developed at the LULI2000 laser facility. X-ray diffraction is performed in reflection geometry from a quasi-monochromatic laser-generated plasma x-ray source. In comparison to a transmission geometry setup, this configuration allows us to probe only a small portion of the compressed sample, as well as to shield the detectors against the x-rays generated by the laser-plasma interaction on the front side of the target. Thus, this new platform facilitates probing of spatially and temporarily uniform thermodynamic conditions and enables us to study samples of a large range of atomic numbers, thicknesses, and compression dynamics. As a proof-of-concept, we report direct structural measurements of the bcc-hcp transition both in shock and ramp-compressed polycrystalline iron with diffraction signals recorded between 2θ ∼ 30° and ∼150°. In parallel, the pressure and temperature history of probed samples is measured by rear-side visible diagnostics (velocimetry and pyrometry).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Denoeud
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - J-A Hernandez
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - T Vinci
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Benuzzi-Mounaix
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Brygoo
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - A Berlioux
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Lefevre
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Sollier
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - L Videau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - A Ravasio
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Guarguaglini
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - L Duthoit
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - D Loison
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - E Brambrink
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
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2
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Fullagar WK, Paziresh M, Latham SJ, Myers GR, Kingston AM. The index of dispersion as a metric of quanta - unravelling the Fano factor. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2017; 73:675-695. [PMID: 28762978 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520617009222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In statistics, the index of dispersion (or variance-to-mean ratio) is unity (σ2/〈x〉 = 1) for a Poisson-distributed process with variance σ2 for a variable x that manifests as unit increments. Where x is a measure of some phenomenon, the index takes on a value proportional to the quanta that constitute the phenomenon. That outcome might thus be anticipated to apply for an enormously wide variety of applied measurements of quantum phenomena. However, in a photon-energy proportional radiation detector, a set of M witnessed Poisson-distributed measurements {W1, W2,… WM} scaled so that the ideal expectation value of the quantum is unity, is generally observed to give σ2/〈W〉 < 1 because of detector losses as broadly indicated by Fano [Phys. Rev. (1947), 72, 26]. In other cases where there is spectral dispersion, σ2/〈W〉 > 1. Here these situations are examined analytically, in Monte Carlo simulations, and experimentally. The efforts reveal a powerful metric of quanta broadly associated with such measurements, where the extension has been made to polychromatic and lossy situations. In doing so, the index of dispersion's variously established yet curiously overlooked role as a metric of underlying quanta is indicated. The work's X-ray aspects have very diverse utility and have begun to find applications in radiography and tomography, where the ability to extract spectral information from conventional intensity detectors enables a superior level of material and source characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred K Fullagar
- Applied Mathematics, RSPE, Oliphant Building 60, Mills Road, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mahsa Paziresh
- Applied Mathematics, RSPE, Oliphant Building 60, Mills Road, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shane J Latham
- Applied Mathematics, RSPE, Oliphant Building 60, Mills Road, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Glenn R Myers
- Applied Mathematics, RSPE, Oliphant Building 60, Mills Road, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrew M Kingston
- Applied Mathematics, RSPE, Oliphant Building 60, Mills Road, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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3
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Fullagar WK, Uhlig J, Mandal U, Kurunthu D, El Nahhas A, Tatsuno H, Honarfar A, Parnefjord Gustafsson F, Sundström V, Palosaari MRJ, Kinnunen KM, Maasilta IJ, Miaja-Avila L, O'Neil GC, Joe YI, Swetz DS, Ullom JN. Beating Darwin-Bragg losses in lab-based ultrafast x-ray experiments. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:044011. [PMID: 28396880 PMCID: PMC5367090 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of low temperature thermal detectors for avoiding Darwin-Bragg losses in lab-based ultrafast experiments has begun. An outline of the background of this new development is offered, showing the relevant history and initiative taken by this work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University , Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | | | | | - Amal El Nahhas
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University , Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Hideyuki Tatsuno
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University , Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Alireza Honarfar
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University , Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | | | - Villy Sundström
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University , Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Mikko R J Palosaari
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kimmo M Kinnunen
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ilari J Maasilta
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Luis Miaja-Avila
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Galen C O'Neil
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Young Il Joe
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Daniel S Swetz
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Joel N Ullom
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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Šmíd M, Gallardo González I, Ekerfelt H, Björklund Svensson J, Hansson M, Wood JC, Persson A, Mangles SPD, Lundh O, Falk K. Highly efficient angularly resolving x-ray spectrometer optimized for absorption measurements with collimated sources. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:063102. [PMID: 28667973 DOI: 10.1063/1.4986464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly collimated betatron radiation from a laser wakefield accelerator is a promising tool for spectroscopic measurements. Therefore, there is a requirement to create spectrometers suited to the unique properties of such a source. We demonstrate a spectrometer which achieves an energy resolution of <5 eV at 9 keV (E∕ΔE>1800) and is angularly resolving the x-ray emission allowing the reference and spectrum to be recorded at the same time. The single photon analysis is used to significantly reduce the background noise. Theoretical performance of various configurations of the spectrometer is calculated by a ray-tracing algorithm. The properties and performance of the spectrometer including the angular and spectral resolution are demonstrated experimentally on absorption above the K-edge of a Cu foil backlit by a laser-produced betatron radiation x-ray beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Šmíd
- Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - H Ekerfelt
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - M Hansson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J C Wood
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - A Persson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - S P D Mangles
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - O Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - K Falk
- Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
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Prediction of 10-fold coordinated TiO2 and SiO2 structures at multimegabar pressures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6898-901. [PMID: 25991859 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500604112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We predict by first-principles methods a phase transition in TiO2 at 6.5 Mbar from the Fe2P-type polymorph to a ten-coordinated structure with space group I4/mmm. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of the pressure-induced phase transition to the I4/mmm structure among all dioxide compounds. The I4/mmm structure was found to be up to 3.3% denser across all pressures investigated. Significant differences were found in the electronic properties of the two structures, and the metallization of TiO2 was calculated to occur concomitantly with the phase transition to I4/mmm. The implications of our findings were extended to SiO2, and an analogous Fe2P-type to I4/mmm transition was found to occur at 10 TPa. This is consistent with the lower-pressure phase transitions of TiO2, which are well-established models for the phase transitions in other AX2 compounds, including SiO2. As in TiO2, the transition to I4/mmm corresponds to the metallization of SiO2. This transformation is in the pressure range reached in the interiors of recently discovered extrasolar planets and calls for a reformulation of the equations of state used to model them.
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Patel S, Suggit MJ, Stubley PG, Hawreliak JA, Ciricosta O, Comley AJ, Collins GW, Eggert JH, Foster JM, Wark JS, Higginbotham A. Single Hit Energy-resolved Laue Diffraction. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:053908. [PMID: 26026537 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In situ white light Laue diffraction has been successfully used to interrogate the structure of single crystal materials undergoing rapid (nanosecond) dynamic compression up to megabar pressures. However, information on strain state accessible via this technique is limited, reducing its applicability for a range of applications. We present an extension to the existing Laue diffraction platform in which we record the photon energy of a subset of diffraction peaks. This allows for a measurement of the longitudinal and transverse strains in situ during compression. Consequently, we demonstrate measurement of volumetric compression of the unit cell, in addition to the limited aspect ratio information accessible in conventional white light Laue. We present preliminary results for silicon, where only an elastic strain is observed. VISAR measurements show the presence of a two wave structure and measurements show that material downstream of the second wave does not contribute to the observed diffraction peaks, supporting the idea that this material may be highly disordered, or has undergone large scale rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Patel
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Suggit
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Stubley
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - James A Hawreliak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Orlando Ciricosta
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Comley
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - Gilbert W Collins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Jon H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - John M Foster
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - Justin S Wark
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Higginbotham
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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7
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Hansford GM, Turner SMR, Staab D, Vernon D. The suppression of fluorescence peaks in energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s160057671401927x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel method to separate diffraction and fluorescence peaks in energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) is described. By tuning the excitation energy of an X-ray tube source to just below an elemental absorption edge, the corresponding fluorescence peaks of that element are completely suppressed in the resulting spectrum. SinceBremsstrahlungphotons are present in the source spectrum up to the excitation energy, any diffraction peaks that lie at similar energies to the suppressed fluorescence peaks are uncovered. This technique is an alternative to the more usual method in EDXRD of altering the scattering angle in order to shift the energies of the diffraction peaks. However, in the back-reflection EDXRD technique [Hansford (2011).J. Appl. Cryst.44, 514–525] changing the scattering angle would lose the unique property of insensitivity to sample morphology and is therefore an unattractive option. The use of fluorescence suppression to reveal diffraction peaks is demonstrated experimentally by suppressing the Ca Kfluorescence peaks in the back-reflection EDXRD spectra of several limestones and dolomites. Three substantial benefits are derived: uncovering of diffraction peak(s) that are otherwise obscured by fluorescence; suppression of the Ca Kescape peaks; and an increase in the signal-to-background ratio. The improvement in the quality of the EDXRD spectrum allows the identification of a secondary mineral in the samples, where present. The results for a pressed-powder pellet of the geological standard JDo-1 (dolomite) show the presence of crystallite preferred orientation in this prepared sample. Preferred orientation is absent in several unprepared limestone and dolomite rock specimens, illustrating an advantage of the observation of rocks in their natural state enabled by back-reflection EDXRD.
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