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Xue T, Guntermann R, Biewald A, Blätte D, Medina DD, Hartschuh A, Bein T. Interpenetrated Donor-Acceptor Heterojunctions in 2D Conjugated Dibenzo[ g, p]chrysene-Based Kagome Covalent Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:48085-48093. [PMID: 39193985 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Dibenzo[g,p]chrysene can be viewed as a constrained propeller-shaped tetraphenylethylene with reduced curvature and has been utilized to construct dual-pore kagome covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with tightly packed two-dimensional (2D) layers owing to its rigid and more planar structural characteristics. Here, we introduce 2D COFs based on the node 4,4',4″,4‴-(dibenzo[g,p]chrysene-2,7,10,15-tetraphenyl)tetraamine (DBCTPTA) featuring extended conjugation compared to the dibenzo[g,p]chrysene-3,6,11,14-tetraamine (DBCTA) node. We establish two exceptionally crystalline imine-linked 2D COFs with a hexagonal dual-pore kagome structure based on the DBCTPTA core. The newly synthesized thienothiophene (TT) and benzodithiophene (BDT)-based DBCTPTA COFs show a tight stacking behavior between adjacent layers. Furthermore, we obtained an unprecedented, interpenetrated electron-donor/acceptor host-guest system with an electron-donating BDT DBCTPTA COF synthesized in situ with the soluble fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) serving as molecular acceptor. The BDT DBCTPTA COF@PCBM film shows a much shorter amplitude-averaged PL lifetime of 7 ± 2 ps compared to 30 ± 4 ps of the BDT DBCTPTA COF film, indicating the light-induced charge transfer process. The successful in situ formation of interpenetrated donor-acceptor heterojunctions within 2D COFs offers a promising strategy for establishing D-A heterojunctions in diverse framework materials with open channel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Guntermann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Biewald
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominic Blätte
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dana D Medina
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Hartschuh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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2
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Milne CJ, Nagornova N, Pope T, Chen HY, Rossi T, Szlachetko J, Gawelda W, Britz A, van Driel TB, Sala L, Ebner S, Katayama T, Southworth SH, Doumy G, March AM, Lehmann CS, Mucke M, Iablonskyi D, Kumagai Y, Knopp G, Motomura K, Togashi T, Owada S, Yabashi M, Nielsen MM, Pajek M, Ueda K, Abela R, Penfold TJ, Chergui M. Disentangling the evolution of electrons and holes in photoexcited ZnO nanoparticles. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:064501. [PMID: 37941994 PMCID: PMC10628992 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of charge carriers in photoexcited room temperature ZnO nanoparticles in solution is investigated using ultrafast ultraviolet photoluminescence spectroscopy, ultrafast Zn K-edge absorption spectroscopy, and ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The photoluminescence is excited at 4.66 eV, well above the band edge, and shows that electron cooling in the conduction band and exciton formation occur in <500 fs, in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. The x-ray absorption measurements, obtained upon excitation close to the band edge at 3.49 eV, are sensitive to the migration and trapping of holes. They reveal that the 2 ps transient largely reproduces the previously reported transient obtained at 100 ps time delay in synchrotron studies. In addition, the x-ray absorption signal is found to rise in ∼1.4 ps, which we attribute to the diffusion of holes through the lattice prior to their trapping at singly charged oxygen vacancies. Indeed, the MD simulations show that impulsive trapping of holes induces an ultrafast expansion of the cage of Zn atoms in <200 fs, followed by an oscillatory response at a frequency of ∼100 cm-1, which corresponds to a phonon mode of the system involving the Zn sub-lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Nagornova
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), ISIC, FSB, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pope
- Chemistry—School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Hui-Yuan Chen
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), ISIC, FSB, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rossi
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), ISIC, FSB, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Tim B. van Driel
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Leonardo Sala
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Simon Ebner
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Gilles Doumy
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Anne Marie March
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - Melanie Mucke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Denys Iablonskyi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Gregor Knopp
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Koji Motomura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tadashi Togashi
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shigeki Owada
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Martin M. Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marek Pajek
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | | | - Rafael Abela
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry—School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Majed Chergui
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), ISIC, FSB, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Bag S, Sasmal HS, Chaudhary SP, Dey K, Blätte D, Guntermann R, Zhang Y, Položij M, Kuc A, Shelke A, Vijayaraghavan RK, Ajithkumar TG, Bhattacharyya S, Heine T, Bein T, Banerjee R. Covalent Organic Framework Thin-Film Photodetectors from Solution-Processable Porous Nanospheres. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1649-1659. [PMID: 36622362 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of homogeneous covalent organic framework (COF) thin films on a desired substrate with decent crystallinity, porosity, and uniform thickness has great potential for optoelectronic applications. We have used a solution-processable sphere transmutation process to synthesize 300 ± 20 nm uniform COF thin films on a 2 × 2 cm2 TiO2-coated fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) surface. This process controls the nucleation of COF crystallites and molecular morphology that helps the nanospheres to arrange periodically to form homogeneous COF thin films. We have synthesized four COF thin films (TpDPP, TpEtBt, TpTab, and TpTta) with different functional backbones. In a close agreement between the experiment and density functional theory, the TpEtBr COF film showed the lowest optical band gap (2.26 eV) and highest excited-state lifetime (8.52 ns) among all four COF films. Hence, the TpEtBr COF film can participate in efficient charge generation and separation. We constructed optoelectronic devices having a glass/FTO/TiO2/COF-film/Au architecture, which serves as a model system to study the optoelectronic charge transport properties of COF thin films under dark and illuminated conditions. Visible light with a calibrated intensity of 100 mW cm-2 was used for the excitation of COF thin films. All of the COF thin films exhibit significant photocurrent after illumination with visible light in comparison to the dark. Hence, all of the COF films behave as good photoactive substrates with minimal pinhole defects. The fabricated out-of-plane photodetector device based on the TpEtBr COF thin film exhibits high photocurrent density (2.65 ± 0.24 mA cm-2 at 0.5 V) and hole mobility (8.15 ± 0.64 ×10-3 cm2 V-1 S-1) compared to other as-synthesized films, indicating the best photoactive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Bag
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Himadri Sekhar Sasmal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Sonu Pratap Chaudhary
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Kaushik Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Dominic Blätte
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Guntermann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377Munich, Germany
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66c, 01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Miroslav Položij
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66c, 01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Kuc
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Abteilung Ressourcenökologie, Forschungsstelle Leipzig, 04318Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ankita Shelke
- Central NMR Facility and Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune411008, India
| | - Ratheesh K Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Thalasseril G Ajithkumar
- Central NMR Facility and Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune411008, India
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Thomas Heine
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66c, 01069Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Abteilung Ressourcenökologie, Forschungsstelle Leipzig, 04318Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University and IBS Center for Nanomedicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377Munich, Germany
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
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Hofmann C, Bray A, Koch W, Ni H, Shvetsov-Shilovski NI. Quantum battles in attoscience: tunnelling. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. D, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 2021; 75:208. [PMID: 34720729 PMCID: PMC8550434 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-021-00224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT What is the nature of tunnelling? This yet unanswered question is as pertinent today as it was at the dawn of quantum mechanics. This article presents a cross section of current perspectives on the interpretation, computational modelling, and numerical investigation of tunnelling processes in attosecond physics as debated in the Quantum Battles in Attoscience virtual workshop 2020. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Hofmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Alexander Bray
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Werner Koch
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hongcheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Kossar S, Amiruddin R, Rasool A. Study on thickness-dependence characteristics of bismuth ferrite (BFO) for ultraviolet (UV) photodetector application. MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LETTERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-020-00128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present research work reports on the fabrication of ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors using bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3, BFO) thin films with varying thickness. Using the spray pyrolysis technique, BFO thin films were deposited on the glass substrate at 673 K. The deposited BFO thin films were characterized by Raman and FTIR spectroscopic analysis. The morphological analysis reveals uniform grain distribution for the prepared BFO samples. The optical analysis reveals that transmittance value decreases upon an increase in the thickness of BFO thin films and the calculated optical band gap value lies between 2.0 to 2.3 eV. The varying thickness of the BFO active layer was stacked between ITO and Al electrodes and the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the fabricated ITO/BFO/Al devices were studied under dark and UV illumination (λ = 365 nm). It was observed that BFO with an optimum thickness (365 nm) exhibits higher photoresponsivity of 110 mA/W with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 37.30%. The impact of different thickness of the BFO active layer, the role of adsorption and desorption of oxygen (O2) molecules upon the surface of BFO layers towards UV photoresponse characteristics were investigated.
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Abstract
After presenting the basic theoretical models of excitation energy transfer and charge transfer, I describe some of the novel experimental methods used to probe them. Finally, I discuss recent results concerning ultrafast energy and charge transfer in biological systems, in chemical systems and in photovoltaics based on sensitized transition metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, ISIC, Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Shaikh JS, Shaikh NS, Mali SS, Patil JV, Pawar KK, Kanjanaboos P, Hong CK, Kim JH, Patil PS. Nanoarchitectures in dye-sensitized solar cells: metal oxides, oxide perovskites and carbon-based materials. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4987-5034. [PMID: 29488524 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08350e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have aroused great interest and been regarded as a potential renewable energy resource among the third-generation solar cell technologies to fulfill the 21st century global energy demand. DSSCs have notable advantages such as low cost, easy fabrication process and being eco-friendly in nature. The progress of DSSCs over the last 20 years has been nearly constant due to some limitations, like poor long-term stability, narrow absorption spectrum, charge carrier transportation and collection losses and poor charge transfer mechanism for regeneration of dye molecules. The main challenge for the scientific community is to improve the performance of DSSCs by using different approaches, like finding new electrode materials with suitable nanoarchitectures, dyes in composition with promising semiconductors and metal quantum dot fluorescent dyes, and cost-effective hole transporting materials (HTMs). This review focuses on DSSC photo-physics, which includes charge separation, effective transportation, collection and recombination processes. Different nanostructured materials, including metal oxides, oxide perovskites and carbon-based composites, have been studied for photoanodes, and counter electrodes, which are crucial to achieve DSSC devices with higher efficiency and better stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin S Shaikh
- Thin film materials laboratory, Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India.
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