1
|
Briant M, Mestdagh JM, Gaveau MA, Poisson L. Reaction dynamics within a cluster environment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9807-9835. [PMID: 35441619 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective article reviews experimental and theoretical works where rare gas clusters and helium nanodroplets are used as a nanoreactor to investigate chemical dynamics in a solvent environment. A historical perspective is presented first followed by specific considerations on the mobility of reactants within these reaction media. The dynamical response of pure clusters and nanodroplets to photoexcitation is shortly reviewed before examining the role of the cluster (or nanodroplet) degrees of freedom in the photodynamics of the guest atoms and molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Briant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Marc-André Gaveau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lionel Poisson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Michiels R, Abu-Samha M, Madsen LB, Binz M, Bangert U, Bruder L, Duim R, Wituschek A, LaForge AC, Squibb RJ, Feifel R, Callegari C, Di Fraia M, Danailov M, Manfredda M, Plekan O, Prince KC, Rebernik P, Zangrando M, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M. Enhancement of Above Threshold Ionization in Resonantly Excited Helium Nanodroplets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:093201. [PMID: 34506185 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.093201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Clusters and nanodroplets hold the promise of enhancing high-order nonlinear optical effects due to their high local density. However, only moderate enhancement has been demonstrated to date. Here, we report the observation of energetic electrons generated by above-threshold ionization (ATI) of helium (He) nanodroplets which are resonantly excited by ultrashort extreme ultraviolet (XUV) free-electron laser pulses and subsequently ionized by near-infrared (NIR) or near-ultraviolet (UV) pulses. The electron emission due to high-order ATI is enhanced by several orders of magnitude compared with He atoms. The crucial dependence of the ATI intensities with the number of excitations in the droplets suggests a local collective enhancement effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Michiels
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Abu-Samha
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait
| | - L B Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Binz
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - U Bangert
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Bruder
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Duim
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Wituschek
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A C LaForge
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - R J Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Danailov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Manfredda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Rebernik
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- IOM-CNR, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asmussen JD, Michiels R, Dulitz K, Ngai A, Bangert U, Barranco M, Binz M, Bruder L, Danailov M, Di Fraia M, Eloranta J, Feifel R, Giannessi L, Pi M, Plekan O, Prince KC, Squibb RJ, Uhl D, Wituschek A, Zangrando M, Callegari C, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M. Unravelling the full relaxation dynamics of superexcited helium nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15138-15149. [PMID: 34259254 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01041g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relaxation dynamics of superexcited superfluid He nanodroplets is thoroughly investigated by means of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond electron and ion spectroscopy complemented by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Three main paths leading to the emission of electrons and ions are identified: droplet autoionization, pump-probe photoionization, and autoionization induced by re-excitation of droplets relaxing into levels below the droplet ionization threshold. The most abundant product ions are He2+, generated by droplet autoionization and by photoionization of droplet-bound excited He atoms. He+ appear with some pump-probe delay as a result of the ejection He atoms in their lowest excited states from the droplets. The state-resolved time-dependent photoelectron spectra reveal that intermediate excited states of the droplets are populated in the course of the relaxation, terminating in the lowest-lying metastable singlet and triplet He atomic states. The slightly faster relaxation of the triplet state compared to the singlet state is in agreement with the simulation showing faster formation of a bubble around a He atom in the triplet state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob D Asmussen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | | | - Katrin Dulitz
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aaron Ngai
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Barranco
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Binz
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Bruder
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Jussi Eloranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | | | - Luca Giannessi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marti Pi
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oksana Plekan
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Uhl
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Marco Zangrando
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain and CNR-IOM, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Italy
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marcel Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jahnke T, Hergenhahn U, Winter B, Dörner R, Frühling U, Demekhin PV, Gokhberg K, Cederbaum LS, Ehresmann A, Knie A, Dreuw A. Interatomic and Intermolecular Coulombic Decay. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11295-11369. [PMID: 33035051 PMCID: PMC7596762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) is a nonlocal electronic decay mechanism occurring in weakly bound matter. In an ICD process, energy released by electronic relaxation of an excited atom or molecule leads to ionization of a neighboring one via Coulombic electron interactions. ICD has been predicted theoretically in the mid nineties of the last century, and its existence has been confirmed experimentally approximately ten years later. Since then, a number of fundamental and applied aspects have been studied in this quickly growing field of research. This review provides an introduction to ICD and draws the connection to related energy transfer and ionization processes. The theoretical approaches for the description of ICD as well as the experimental techniques developed and employed for its investigation are described. The existing body of literature on experimental and theoretical studies of ICD processes in different atomic and molecular systems is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till Jahnke
- Institut
für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Uwe Hergenhahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Wendelsteinstr. 1, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut
für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Frühling
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik and Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp V. Demekhin
- Institut
für Physik und CINSaT, Universität
Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Kirill Gokhberg
- Physical-Chemistry
Institute, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz S. Cederbaum
- Physical-Chemistry
Institute, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- Institut
für Physik und CINSaT, Universität
Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - André Knie
- Institut
für Physik und CINSaT, Universität
Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls
University, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mudrich M, LaForge AC, Ciavardini A, O'Keeffe P, Callegari C, Coreno M, Demidovich A, Devetta M, Fraia MD, Drabbels M, Finetti P, Gessner O, Grazioli C, Hernando A, Neumark DM, Ovcharenko Y, Piseri P, Plekan O, Prince KC, Richter R, Ziemkiewicz MP, Möller T, Eloranta J, Pi M, Barranco M, Stienkemeier F. Ultrafast relaxation of photoexcited superfluid He nanodroplets. Nat Commun 2020; 11:112. [PMID: 31913265 PMCID: PMC6949273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The relaxation of photoexcited nanosystems is a fundamental process of light–matter interaction. Depending on the couplings of the internal degrees of freedom, relaxation can be ultrafast, converting electronic energy in a few fs, or slow, if the energy is trapped in a metastable state that decouples from its environment. Here, we study helium nanodroplets excited resonantly by femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from a seeded free-electron laser. Despite their superfluid nature, we find that helium nanodroplets in the lowest electronically excited states undergo ultrafast relaxation. By comparing experimental photoelectron spectra with time-dependent density functional theory simulations, we unravel the full relaxation pathway: Following an ultrafast interband transition, a void nanometer-sized bubble forms around the localized excitation (He\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${}^{* }$$\end{document}*) within 1 ps. Subsequently, the bubble collapses and releases metastable He\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${}^{* }$$\end{document}* at the droplet surface. This study highlights the high level of detail achievable in probing the photodynamics of nanosystems using tunable XUV pulses. There is interest in understanding the relaxation mechanisms of photoexcitation in atoms, molecules and other complex systems. Here the authors unravel the photoexcitation and ultrafast relaxation of superfluid helium nanodroplets using a pump-probe experiment with FEL pulses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
| | - A C LaForge
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - A Ciavardini
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy.,CERIC-ERIC Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - P O'Keeffe
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy
| | - A Demidovich
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Devetta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy.,CNR-IFN, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Drabbels
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - O Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - C Grazioli
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Area Science Park - Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - A Hernando
- Kido Dynamics, EPFL Innovation Park Bat. C, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU-Berlin, 10623, Germany.,European XFEL, Schenefeld, 22869, Germany
| | - P Piseri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M P Ziemkiewicz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - T Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU-Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - J Eloranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - M Pi
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - M Barranco
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, UMR 5589, CNRS et Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, Toulouse, Cedex 09, 31062, France
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ben Ltaief L, Shcherbinin M, Mandal S, Krishnan SR, LaForge AC, Richter R, Turchini S, Zema N, Pfeifer T, Fasshauer E, Sisourat N, Mudrich M. Charge Exchange Dominates Long-Range Interatomic Coulombic Decay of Excited Metal-Doped Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6904-6909. [PMID: 31625747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atoms and molecules attached to rare-gas clusters are ionized by an interatomic autoionization process traditionally termed "Penning ionization" when the host cluster is resonantly excited. Here we analyze this process in the light of the interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) mechanism, which usually contains a contribution from charge exchange at a short interatomic distance and one from virtual photon transfer at a large interatomic distance. For helium (He) nanodroplets doped with alkali metal atoms (Li, Rb), we show that long-range and short-range contributions to the interatomic autoionization can be clearly distinguished by detecting electrons and ions in coincidence. Surprisingly, ab initio calculations show that even for alkali metal atoms floating in dimples at a large distance from the nanodroplet surface, autoionization is largely dominated by charge-exchange ICD. Furthermore, the measured electron spectra manifest the ultrafast internal relaxation of the droplet mainly into the 1s2s1S state and partially into the metastable 1s2s3S state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ben Ltaief
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - M Shcherbinin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - S Mandal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Pune 411008 , India
| | - S R Krishnan
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology , Madras, Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - A C LaForge
- Department of Physics , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste , Basovizza, 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - S Turchini
- Istituto Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - N Zema
- Istituto Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - E Fasshauer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - N Sisourat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS , Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614 , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|