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Magnussen OM, Drnec J, Qiu C, Martens I, Huang JJ, Chattot R, Singer A. In Situ and Operando X-ray Scattering Methods in Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:629-721. [PMID: 38253355 PMCID: PMC10870989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical and electrocatalytic processes are of key importance for the transition to a sustainable energy supply as well as for a wide variety of other technologically relevant fields. Further development of these processes requires in-depth understanding of the atomic, nano, and micro scale structure of the materials and interfaces in electrochemical devices under reaction conditions. We here provide a comprehensive review of in situ and operando studies by X-ray scattering methods, which are powerful and highly versatile tools to provide such understanding. We discuss the application of X-ray scattering to a wide variety of electrochemical systems, ranging from metal and oxide single crystals to nanoparticles and even full devices. We show how structural data on bulk phases, electrode-electrolyte interfaces, and nanoscale morphology can be obtained and describe recent developments that provide highly local information and insight into the composition and electronic structure. These X-ray scattering studies yield insights into the structure in the double layer potential range as well as into the structural evolution during electrocatalytic processes and phase formation reactions, such as nucleation and growth during electrodeposition and dissolution, the formation of passive films, corrosion processes, and the electrochemical intercalation into battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf M. Magnussen
- Kiel
University, Institute of Experimental and
Applied Physics, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht-Haensel
Laboratory, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF,
Experiments Division, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Canrong Qiu
- Kiel
University, Institute of Experimental and
Applied Physics, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jason J. Huang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Raphaël Chattot
- ICGM,
Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Saegusa S, Narukage N, Utsumi Y, Yamaguchi A. Study on Fabrication of X-ray Collimators by X-ray Lithography Using Synchrotron Radiation. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2021. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.34.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Saegusa
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo
| | | | - Yuichi Utsumi
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo
| | - Akinobu Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo
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Islam F, Lin J, Huegle T, Lumsden I, Anderson D, Elliott A, Haberl B, Granroth G. Computational optimization of a 3D printed collimator. JOURNAL OF NEUTRON RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/jnr-190139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This contribution describes the computational methodology behind an optimization procedure for a scattered beam collimator. The workflow includes producing a file that can be manufactured via additive methods. A conical collimator, optimized for neutron diffraction experiments in a high pressure clamp cell, is presented as an example. In such a case the scattering from the sample is much smaller than that of the pressure cell. Monte Carlo Ray tracing in MCViNE was used to model scattering from a Si powder sample and the cell. A collimator was inserted into the simulation and the number and size of channels were optimized to maximize the rejection of the parasitic signal coming from the complex sample environment. Constraints, provided by the additive manufacturing process as well as a specific neutron diffractometer, were also included in the optimization. The source code and the tutorials are available in c3dp (Islam (2019)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Islam
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. E-mails: , , , ,
| | - Jiao Lin
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. E-mails: , , , ,
| | - Thomas Huegle
- Neutron Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. E-mails: ,
| | - Ian Lumsden
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. E-mails: , , , ,
| | - David Anderson
- Neutron Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. E-mails: ,
| | - Amy Elliott
- Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. E-mail:
| | - Bianca Haberl
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. E-mails: , , , ,
| | - Garrett Granroth
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. E-mails: , , , ,
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Chen Y, Han D, Wang J, Yang Y, Hu W. Stacking of micro-aperture arrays: A new strategy to construct Söller collimator for x rays. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:073109. [PMID: 32752840 DOI: 10.1063/5.0010978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A stacking strategy to construct a light-weight collimator is proposed in this paper by which micro-aperture arrays can be assembled as a novel Söller collimator. Compared to Söller collimators made from conventional methods, our strategy enabled a substantial mass reduction up to 67% for a field of view of 2°. 21 micro-aperture arrays were fabricated by fiber laser drilling, and the Söller collimator was thereafter afforded by stacking and aligning the arrays. The processing consistency of the arrays and the alignment of the assembled collimator were examined by optical microscopy and x-ray computer tomography. Collimation tests were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the stacking strategy. Based on this new strategy, higher aspect ratios can be fulfilled, which also allows for a significant mass reduction compared to the conventional Söller collimator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Han
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yanji Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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