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Nath S, Sengupta S. Is the glassy dynamics same in 2D as in 3D? The Adam Gibbs relation test. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:034504. [PMID: 39012814 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been recognized of late that even amorphous, glass-forming materials in two dimensions (2D) are affected by Mermin-Wagner-type long wavelength thermal fluctuation, which is inconsequential in three dimensions (3D). We consider the question of whether the effect of spatial dimension on dynamics is only limited to such fluctuations or if the nature of glassy dynamics is intrinsically different in 2D. To address it, we study the relationship between dynamics and thermodynamics using the Adam-Gibbs (AG) relation and the random first order transition (RFOT) theory. Using two model glass-forming liquids, we find that even after removing the effect of long wavelength fluctuations, the AG relation breaks down in two dimensions. Next, we consider the effect of anharmonicity of vibrational entropy-a second factor that affects the thermodynamics but not dynamics. Using the potential energy landscape formalism, we explicitly compute the configurational entropy, both with and without the anharmonic correction. We show that even with both the corrections, the AG relation still breaks down in 2D. The extent of deviation from the AG relation crucially depends on the attractive vs repulsive nature of interparticle interactions, choice of representative timescale (diffusion coefficient vs α-relaxation time), and implies that the RFOT scaling exponents also depend on these factors. Thus, our results suggest that some differences in the nature of glassy dynamics between 2D and 3D remain that are not explained by long wavelength fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santu Nath
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247667, India
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
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2
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Herrero C, Berthier L. Direct Numerical Analysis of Dynamic Facilitation in Glass-Forming Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:258201. [PMID: 38996241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.258201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
We propose a computational strategy to quantify the temperature evolution of the timescales and length scales over which dynamic facilitation affects the relaxation dynamics of glass-forming liquids at low temperatures, which requires no assumption about the nature of the dynamics. In two glass models, we find that dynamic facilitation depends strongly on temperature, leading to a subdiffusive spreading of relaxation events which we characterize using a temperature-dependent dynamic exponent. We also establish that this temperature evolution represents a major contribution to the increase of the structural relaxation time.
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3
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Nishikawa Y, Berthier L. Collective Relaxation Dynamics in a Three-Dimensional Lattice Glass Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:067101. [PMID: 38394579 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.067101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
We numerically elucidate the microscopic mechanisms controlling the relaxation dynamics of a three-dimensional lattice glass model that has static properties compatible with the approach to a random first-order transition. At low temperatures, the relaxation is triggered by a small population of particles with low-energy barriers forming mobile clusters. These emerging quasiparticles act as facilitating defects responsible for the spatially heterogeneous dynamics of the system, whose characteristic length scales remain strongly coupled to thermodynamic fluctuations. We compare our findings both with existing theoretical models and atomistic simulations of glass formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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4
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Cao LL, Wang YJ. Dynamics-Entropy Relationship in Metallic Glasses. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:811-816. [PMID: 38232179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Establishing a robust quantitative correlation between thermodynamics and dynamics in amorphous matter remains a significant challenge in condensed matter physics. Although the classical Adam-Gibbs relationship represents a pivotal step in this direction and the correlation between relaxation time and configurational entropy has been partially verified in simple liquids, this quantitative link has yet to be tested in realistic glass-forming systems where complex many-body interactions are present. Here we conduct free energy samplings and lattice dynamics analysis to distinguish vibrational entropy from configurational entropy in a realistic Cu-Zr model of a metallic glass. Our calculations unveil a power-law relationship (with a substantial exponent of ∼3) between the logarithmic relaxation time and configurational entropy, surpassing the linear prediction of the original Adam-Gibbs relationship. This nonlinear entropy driven relaxation time variation likely originates from anisotropic nature of atomic many-body interactions, suggesting that factors beyond thermodynamics contribute to the glass transition phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Li Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Ortlieb L, Ingebrigtsen TS, Hallett JE, Turci F, Royall CP. Probing excitations and cooperatively rearranging regions in deeply supercooled liquids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2621. [PMID: 37147284 PMCID: PMC10163050 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon approaching the glass transition, the relaxation of supercooled liquids is controlled by activated processes, which become dominant at temperatures below the so-called dynamical crossover predicted by Mode Coupling theory (MCT). Two of the main frameworks rationalising this behaviour are dynamic facilitation theory (DF) and the thermodynamic scenario which give equally good descriptions of the available data. Only particle-resolved data from liquids supercooled below the MCT crossover can reveal the microscopic mechanism of relaxation. By employing state-of-the-art GPU simulations and nano-particle resolved colloidal experiments, we identify the elementary units of relaxation in deeply supercooled liquids. Focusing on the excitations of DF and cooperatively rearranging regions (CRRs) implied by the thermodynamic scenario, we find that several predictions of both hold well below the MCT crossover: for the elementary excitations, their density follows a Boltzmann law, and their timescales converge at low temperatures. For CRRs, the decrease in bulk configurational entropy is accompanied by the increase of their fractal dimension. While the timescale of excitations remains microscopic, that of CRRs tracks a timescale associated with dynamic heterogeneity, [Formula: see text]. This timescale separation of excitations and CRRs opens the possibility of accumulation of excitations giving rise to cooperative behaviour leading to CRRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levke Ortlieb
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK.
- Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK.
| | - Trond S Ingebrigtsen
- DNRF Centre for Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science, Systems and Models, Roskilde University, Postbox 260, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - James E Hallett
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 224, Reading RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - Francesco Turci
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK.
| | - C Patrick Royall
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK.
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
- Gulliver UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France.
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6
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Mocanu FC, Berthier L, Ciarella S, Khomenko D, Reichman DR, Scalliet C, Zamponi F. Microscopic observation of two-level systems in a metallic glass model. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:014501. [PMID: 36610958 DOI: 10.1063/5.0128820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-temperature quasi-universal behavior of amorphous solids has been attributed to the existence of spatially localized tunneling defects found in the low-energy regions of the potential energy landscape. Computational models of glasses can be studied to elucidate the microscopic nature of these defects. Recent simulation work has demonstrated the means of generating stable glassy configurations for models that mimic metallic glasses using the swap Monte Carlo algorithm. Building on these studies, we present an extensive exploration of the glassy metabasins of the potential energy landscape of a variant of the most widely used model of metallic glasses. We carefully identify tunneling defects and reveal their depletion with increased glass stability. The density of tunneling defects near the experimental glass transition temperature appears to be in good agreement with experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C Mocanu
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Ciarella
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dmytro Khomenko
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Camille Scalliet
- DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Zamponi
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
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7
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Modeling the viscosity of binary eutectic systems at different compositions and temperatures. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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8
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Guiselin B, Tarjus G, Berthier L. Static self-induced heterogeneity in glass-forming liquids: Overlap as a microscope. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:194503. [PMID: 35597648 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose and numerically implement a local probe of the static self-induced heterogeneity characterizing glass-forming liquids. This method relies on the equilibrium statistics of the overlap between pairs of configurations measured in mesoscopic cavities with unconstrained boundaries. By systematically changing the location of the probed cavity, we directly detect spatial variations of the overlap fluctuations. We provide a detailed analysis of the statistics of a local estimate of the configurational entropy, and we infer an estimate of the surface tension between amorphous states, ingredients that are both at the basis of the random first-order transition theory of glass formation. Our results represent the first direct attempt to visualize and quantify the self-induced heterogeneity underpinning the thermodynamics of glass formation. They pave the way for the development of coarse-grained effective theories and for a direct assessment of the role of thermodynamics in the activated dynamics of deeply supercooled liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Guiselin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Tarjus
- LPTMC, CNRS-UMR 7600, Sorbonne Université, 4 Pl. Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
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9
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Drozd-Rzoska A, Rzoska SJ, Starzonek S. New paradigm for configurational entropy in glass-forming systems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3058. [PMID: 35197481 PMCID: PMC8866542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that on cooling towards glass transition configurational entropy exhibits more significant changes than predicted by classic relation. A universal formula according to Kauzmann temperature [Formula: see text] is given: [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. The exponent [Formula: see text] is hypothetically linked to dominated local symmetry. Such a behaviour is coupled to previtreous evolution of heat capacity [Formula: see text] associated with finite temperature singularity. These lead to generalised VFT relation, for which the basic equation is retrieved. For many glass-formers, basic VFT equation may have only an effective meaning. A universal-like reliability of the Stickel operator analysis for detecting dynamic crossover phenomenon is also questioned. Notably, distortions-sensitive and derivative-based analysis focused on previtreous changes of configurational entropy and heat capacity for glycerol, ethanol and liquid crystal is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylwester J Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Starzonek
- Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Nandi UK, Patel P, Moid M, Nandi MK, Sengupta S, Karmakar S, Maiti PK, Dasgupta C, Maitra Bhattacharyya S. Thermodynamics and its correlation with dynamics in a mean-field model and pinned systems: A comparative study using two different methods of entropy calculation. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:014503. [PMID: 34998317 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study introduced a novel mean-field model system where each particle over and above the interaction with its regular neighbors interacts with k extra pseudo-neighbors. Here, we present an extensive study of thermodynamics and its correlation with the dynamics of this system. We surprisingly find that the well-known thermodynamic integration (TI) method of calculating the entropy provides unphysical results. It predicts vanishing of the configurational entropy at temperatures close to the onset temperature of the system and negative values of the configurational entropy at lower temperatures. Interestingly, well below the temperature at which the configurational entropy vanishes, both the collective and the single-particle dynamics of the system show complete relaxation. Negative values of the configurational entropy are unphysical, and complete relaxation when the configurational entropy is zero violates the prediction of the random first-order transition theory (RFOT). However, the entropy calculated using the two-phase thermodynamics (2PT) method remains positive at all temperatures for which we can equilibrate the system, and its values are consistent with RFOT predictions. We find that with an increase in k, the difference in the entropy computed using the two methods increases. A similar effect is also observed for a system where a randomly selected fraction of the particles are pinned in their positions in the equilibrated liquid. We show that the difference in entropy calculated via the 2PT and TI methods increases with pinning density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Kumar Nandi
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Palak Patel
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Mohd Moid
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Nandi
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Smarajit Karmakar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, RR District, Hyderabad 500019, India
| | - Prabal K Maiti
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Chandan Dasgupta
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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11
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Royall CP, Faers MA, Fussell SL, Hallett JE. Real space analysis of colloidal gels: triumphs, challenges and future directions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:453002. [PMID: 34034239 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac04cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal gels constitute an important class of materials found in many contexts and with a wide range of applications. Yet as matter far from equilibrium, gels exhibit a variety of time-dependent behaviours, which can be perplexing, such as an increase in strength prior to catastrophic failure. Remarkably, such complex phenomena are faithfully captured by an extremely simple model-'sticky spheres'. Here we review progress in our understanding of colloidal gels made through the use of real space analysis and particle resolved studies. We consider the challenges of obtaining a suitable experimental system where the refractive index and density of the colloidal particles is matched to that of the solvent. We review work to obtain a particle-level mechanism for rigidity in gels and the evolution of our understanding of time-dependent behaviour, from early-time aggregation to ageing, before considering the response of colloidal gels to deformation and then move on to more complex systems of anisotropic particles and mixtures. Finally we note some more exotic materials with similar properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Patrick Royall
- Gulliver UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm A Faers
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Formulation Technology, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Sian L Fussell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - James E Hallett
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Berthier L. Self-Induced Heterogeneity in Deeply Supercooled Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:088002. [PMID: 34477435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.088002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical treatment of deeply supercooled liquids is difficult because their properties emerge from spatial inhomogeneities that are self-induced, transient, and nanoscopic. I use computer simulations to analyze self-induced static and dynamic heterogeneity in equilibrium systems approaching the experimental glass transition. I characterize the broad sample-to-sample fluctuations of salient dynamic and thermodynamic properties in elementary mesoscopic systems. Findings regarding local lifetimes and distributions of dynamic heterogeneity are in excellent agreement with recent single molecule studies. Surprisingly broad thermodynamic fluctuations are also found, which correlate well with dynamic fluctuations, thus providing a local test of the thermodynamic origin of slow dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France and Yusuf Hamied Deprtment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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13
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Speck T. Modeling non-linear dielectric susceptibilities of supercooled molecular liquids. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:014506. [PMID: 34241396 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in high-precision dielectric spectroscopy have enabled access to non-linear susceptibilities of polar molecular liquids. The observed non-monotonic behavior has been claimed to provide strong support for theories of dynamic arrest based on the thermodynamic amorphous order. Here, we approach this question from the perspective of dynamic facilitation, an alternative view focusing on emergent kinetic constraints underlying the dynamic arrest of a liquid approaching its glass transition. We derive explicit expressions for the frequency-dependent higher-order dielectric susceptibilities exhibiting a non-monotonic shape, the height of which increases as temperature is lowered. We demonstrate excellent agreement with the experimental data for glycerol, challenging the idea that non-linear response functions reveal correlated relaxation in supercooled liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Speck
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7-9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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14
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Xu WS, Douglas JF, Sun ZY. Polymer Glass Formation: Role of Activation Free Energy, Configurational Entropy, and Collective Motion. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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15
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Cheng S, Wojnarowska Z, Musiał M, Paluch M. Correlation between configurational entropy, excess entropy, and ion dynamics in imidazolium-based ionic liquids: Test of the Adam–Gibbs model. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:044502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Cheng
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41–500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Z. Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41–500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M. Musiał
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41–500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M. Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41–500 Chorzów, Poland
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16
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Guiselin B, Tarjus G, Berthier L. On the overlap between configurations in glassy liquids. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:224502. [PMID: 33317282 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The overlap, or similarity, between liquid configurations is at the core of the mean-field description of the glass transition and remains a useful concept when studying three-dimensional glass-forming liquids. In liquids, however, the overlap involves a tolerance, typically of a fraction a/σ of the inter-particle distance, associated with how precisely similar two configurations must be for belonging to the same physically relevant "state." Here, we systematically investigate the dependence of the overlap fluctuations and of the resulting phase diagram when the tolerance is varied over a large range. We show that while the location of the dynamical and thermodynamic glass transitions (if present) is independent of a/σ, that of the critical point associated with a transition between a low- and a high-overlap phase in the presence of an applied source nontrivially depends on the value of a/σ. We rationalize our findings by using liquid-state theory and the hypernetted-chain approximation for correlation functions. In addition, we confirm the theoretical trends by studying a three-dimensional glass-former by computer simulations. We show, in particular, that a range of a/σ below what is commonly considered maximizes the temperature of the critical point, pushing it up in a liquid region where viscosity is low and computer investigations are easier due to a significantly faster equilibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Guiselin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Tarjus
- LPTMC, CNRS-UMR 7600, Sorbonne Université, 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
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17
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Parmar ADS, Guiselin B, Berthier L. Stable glassy configurations of the Kob-Andersen model using swap Monte Carlo. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:134505. [PMID: 33032429 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The swap Monte Carlo algorithm allows the preparation of highly stable glassy configurations for a number of glass-formers but is inefficient for some models, such as the much studied binary Kob-Andersen (KA) mixture. We have recently developed generalizations to the KA model where swap can be very effective. Here, we show that these models can, in turn, be used to considerably enhance the stability of glassy configurations in the original KA model at no computational cost. We successfully develop several numerical strategies both in and out of equilibrium to achieve this goal and show how to optimize them. We provide several physical measurements indicating that the proposed algorithms considerably enhance mechanical and thermodynamic stability in the KA model, including a transition toward brittle yielding behavior. Our results thus pave the way for future studies of stable glasses using the KA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul D S Parmar
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Guiselin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
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18
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Parmar ADS, Ozawa M, Berthier L. Ultrastable Metallic Glasses In Silico. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:085505. [PMID: 32909772 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.085505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop a generic strategy and simple numerical models for multicomponent metallic glasses for which the swap Monte Carlo algorithm can produce highly stable equilibrium configurations equivalent to experimental systems cooled more than 10^{7} times slower than in conventional simulations. This paves the way for a deeper understanding of the thermodynamic, dynamic, and mechanical properties of metallic glasses. As first applications, we considerably extend configurational entropy measurements down to the experimental glass temperature, and demonstrate a qualitative change of the mechanical response of metallic glasses of increasing stability toward brittleness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul D S Parmar
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Misaki Ozawa
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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19
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Berthier L, Ediger MD. How to "measure" a structural relaxation time that is too long to be measured? J Chem Phys 2020; 153:044501. [PMID: 32752666 DOI: 10.1063/5.0015227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently become possible to prepare ultrastable glassy materials characterized by structural relaxation times, which vastly exceed the duration of any feasible experiment. Similarly, new algorithms have led to the production of ultrastable computer glasses. Is it possible to obtain a reliable estimate of a structural relaxation time that is too long to be measured? We review, organize, and critically discuss various methods to estimate very long relaxation times. We also perform computer simulations of three dimensional ultrastable hard spheres glasses to test and quantitatively compare some of these methods for a single model system. The various estimation methods disagree significantly, and non-linear and non-equilibrium methods lead to a strong underestimate of the actual relaxation time. It is not yet clear how to accurately estimate extremely long relaxation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - M D Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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20
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Schrøder TB, Dyre JC. Solid-like mean-square displacement in glass-forming liquids. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:141101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0004093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Schrøder
- “Glass and Time”, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P. O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jeppe C. Dyre
- “Glass and Time”, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P. O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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21
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Cheng S, Musiał M, Wojnarowska Z, Paluch M. The relation between molecular dynamics and configurational entropy in room temperature ionic liquids: Test of Adam-Gibbs model. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:091101. [PMID: 33480719 DOI: 10.1063/1.5140569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this communication, the Adam-Gibbs model connecting molecular dynamics with configurational entropy is tested for the first time for ionic liquids. For this purpose, we investigate simultaneously the shear viscosity η and configurational entropy Sc of an aprotic ionic liquid: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIm TFSI). Comparing the Sc data obtained by the combination of Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann and Adam-Gibbs equations to the Sc points determined directly from the calorimetric experiment, good agreement is found in the entire supercooled liquid region. These results indicate the validity of the Adam-Gibbs model in materials with electrostatic interactions being dominated. These important findings not only generalize the applications of the Adam-Gibbs theory but also provide an opportunity to gain insight into the relationship between thermodynamics and molecular dynamics in ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M Musiał
- Institute of Physics, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Z Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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22
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Cho HW, Mugnai ML, Kirkpatrick TR, Thirumalai D. Fragile-to-strong crossover, growing length scales, and dynamic heterogeneity in Wigner glasses. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:032605. [PMID: 32290023 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.032605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal particles, which are ubiquitous, have become ideal testing grounds for the structural glass transition theories. In these systems glassy behavior arises as the density of the particles is increased. Thus, soft colloidal particles with varying degree of softness capture diverse glass-forming properties, observed normally in molecular glasses. Brownian dynamics simulations for a binary mixture of micron-sized charged colloidal suspensions show that tuning the softness of the interaction potential, achievable by changing the monovalent salt concentration results in a continuous transition from fragile to strong behavior. Remarkably, this is found in a system where the well characterized interaction potential between the colloidal particles is isotropic. We also show that the predictions of the random first-order transition (RFOT) theory quantitatively describes the universal features such as the growing correlation length, ξ∼(ϕ_{K}/ϕ-1)^{-ν} with ν=2/3 where ϕ_{K}, the analog of the Kauzmann temperature, depends on the salt concentration. As anticipated by the RFOT predictions, we establish a causal relationship between the growing correlation length and a steep increase in the relaxation time and dynamic heterogeneity as the system is compressed. The broad range of fragility observed in Wigner glasses is used to draw analogies with molecular and polymer glasses. The large variations in the fragility are normally found only when the temperature dependence of the viscosity is examined for a large class of diverse glass-forming materials. In sharp contrast, this is vividly illustrated in a single system that can be experimentally probed. Our work also shows that the RFOT predictions are accurate in describing the dynamics over the entire density range, regardless of the fragility of the glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Mauro L Mugnai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - T R Kirkpatrick
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Thirumalai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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23
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Hung JH, Simmons DS. Do String-like Cooperative Motions Predict Relaxation Times in Glass-Forming Liquids? J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:266-276. [PMID: 31886663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b09468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Adam-Gibbs theory of glass formation posits that the growth in the activation barrier of fragile liquids on cooling emerges from a loss of configurational entropy and concomitant growth in "cooperatively rearranging regions" (CRRs). A body of literature over 2 decades has suggested that "string-like" cooperatively rearranging clusters observed in molecular simulations may be these CRRs-a scenario that would have profound implications for the understanding of the glass transition. The central element of this postulate is the report of an apparent zero-parameter relationship between the mass of string-like CRRs and the relaxation time. Here, we show, based on molecular dynamics simulations of multiple glass-forming liquids, that this finding is the result of an implicit adjustable parameter-a "replacement distance". This parameter is equivalent to an adjustable exponent within a generalized Adam-Gibbs relation, such that it tunes the entire functional form of the relation. Moreover, we are unable to find any objective criterion, based on the radial distribution function or the cluster fractal dimension, for selecting this replacement distance across multiple systems. We conclude that the present data do not establish that string-like cooperative rearrangements, as presently defined, are predictive of segmental relaxation via an Adam-Gibbs-like physical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hsiang Hung
- Department of Polymer Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - David S Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
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24
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Hecksher T, Olsen NB, Dyre JC. Fast contribution to the activation energy of a glass-forming liquid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16736-16741. [PMID: 31391307 PMCID: PMC6708330 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904809116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents physical-aging data for the silicone oil tetramethyl-tetraphenyl trisiloxane. The density and the high-frequency plateau shear modulus [Formula: see text] were monitored following temperature jumps starting from fully equilibrated conditions. Both quantities exhibit a fast change immediately after a temperature jump. Adopting the material-time formalism of Narayanaswamy, we determine from the dielectric loss at 0.178 Hz the time evolution of the aging-rate activation energy. The relative magnitude of the fast change of the activation energy differs from that of the density, but is identical to that of [Formula: see text] In fact, the activation energy is proportional to [Formula: see text] throughout the aging process, with minor deviations at the shortest times. This shows that for the silicone oil in question the dynamics are determined by [Formula: see text] in-as well as out of-equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Hecksher
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Niels Boye Olsen
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jeppe C Dyre
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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