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Trosseille C, Beach M, Bell P, Carpenter AC, Clements S, Durst N, Funsten BT, Garafalo AM, Goyal T, Hargrove D, Hilsabeck TJ, Holder JP, Izumi N, Khater H, Nguyen N, Nyholm P, Piston KW, Prince J, Ramirez R, Sharp A, Tabimina J, Nagel SR. Mitigation strategies for time-resolved x-ray diagnostic data degradation due to high neutron yield of ICF experiments at the NIF. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:073514. [PMID: 39012179 DOI: 10.1063/5.0216498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Inertial confinement fusion experiments taking place at the National Ignition Facility are generating ever increasing amounts of fusion energy, with the deuterium tritium fusion neutron yield growing a hundredfold over the past ten years. Strategies must be developed to mitigate this harsh environment's deleterious effects on the operation and the performance of the time-resolved x-ray imagers deployed in the National Ignition Facility target bay to record the dynamics of the implosions. We review the evolution of these imagers in recent years and detail some of the past and present efforts undertaken to maintain or improve the quality of the experimental data collected on high neutron yield experiments. These include the use of a dump-and-read electronic backend, the selection of photographic film with a low background sensitivity, and the optical filtering of Cherenkov radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Trosseille
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Beach
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Bell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A C Carpenter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Clements
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Durst
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B T Funsten
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A M Garafalo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Goyal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Hargrove
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T J Hilsabeck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Holder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Izumi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H Khater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Nguyen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Nyholm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - K W Piston
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Prince
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Ramirez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Sharp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Tabimina
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S R Nagel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Chen H, Woods DT, Farmer WA, Aybar NA, Liedahl DA, MacLaren SA, Schneider MB, Scott HA, Hinkel DE, Landen OL, Moody JD, Rosen MD, Ross JS, Rogers S, Roskopf N, Swadling GF, Vonhof S. Understanding the deficiency in inertial confinement fusion hohlraum x-ray flux predictions using experiments at the National Ignition Facility. Phys Rev E 2024; 110:L013201. [PMID: 39161029 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.l013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The predicted implosion performance of deuterium-tritium fuel capsules in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion experiments relies on precise calculations of the x-ray drive in laser-heated cavities (hohlraums). This requires accurate, spectrally dependent simulations of laser to x-ray conversion efficiencies and x-ray absorption losses to the hohlraum wall. A set of National Ignition Facility experiments have identified a cause for the long-standing hohlraum "drive deficit" as the overprediction of gold emission at ∼2.5 keV in nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium coronal plasma regions within the hohlraum. Reducing the emission and absorption opacity in this spectral region by ∼20% brings simulations into agreement with measured x-ray fluxes and spectra.
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Batha SH. Introduction to the special topic on inertial confinement fusion diagnostics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:010401. [PMID: 38170917 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Batha
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Looker Q, Kimmel M, Yang C, Porter JL. Optical and x-ray characterization of the Daedalus ultrafast x-ray imager. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:113505. [PMID: 37966350 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The Daedalus ultrafast x-ray imager is the latest generation in Sandia's hybrid CMOS detector family. With three frames along an identical line of sight, 1 ns minimum integration time, a higher full well than Icarus, and added features, Daedalus brings exciting new capabilities to diagnostic applications in inertial confinement fusion and high energy density science. In this work, we present measurements of time response, dynamic range, spatial uniformity, pixel cross-talk, and absolute x-ray sensitivity using pulsed optical and x-ray sources. We report a measured 1.5 Me- full well, pixel sensitivity at 9.58 × 10-7 V/e-, and an estimate of spatial uniformity at ∼5% across the sensor array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Looker
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - Mark Kimmel
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - Chi Yang
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - John L Porter
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
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