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Porto-Neto LR, Bickhart DM, Landaeta-Hernandez AJ, Utsunomiya YT, Pagan M, Jimenez E, Hansen PJ, Dikmen S, Schroeder SG, Kim ES, Sun J, Crespo E, Amati N, Cole JB, Null DJ, Garcia JF, Reverter A, Barendse W, Sonstegard TS. Convergent Evolution of Slick Coat in Cattle through Truncation Mutations in the Prolactin Receptor. Front Genet 2018. [PMID: 29527221 PMCID: PMC5829098 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary adaptations are occasionally convergent solutions to the same problem. A mutation contributing to a heat tolerance adaptation in Senepol cattle, a New World breed of mostly European descent, results in the distinct phenotype known as slick, where an animal has shorter hair and lower follicle density across its coat than wild type animals. The causal variant, located in the 11th exon of prolactin receptor, produces a frameshift that results in a truncated protein. However, this mutation does not explain all cases of slick coats found in criollo breeds. Here, we obtained genome sequences from slick cattle of a geographically distinct criollo breed, namely Limonero, whose ancestors were originally brought to the Americas by the Spanish. These data were used to identify new causal alleles in the 11th exon of the prolactin receptor, two of which also encode shortened proteins that remove a highly conserved tyrosine residue. These new mutations explained almost 90% of investigated cases of animals that had slick coats, but which also did not carry the Senepol slick allele. These results demonstrate convergent evolution at the molecular level in a trait important to the adaptation of an animal to its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek M Bickhart
- US Dairy Forage Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Antonio J Landaeta-Hernandez
- Unidad de Investigaciones Zootécnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Yuri T Utsunomiya
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Melvin Pagan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Esbal Jimenez
- Department of Animal Science, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Serdal Dikmen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Steven G Schroeder
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Eui-Soo Kim
- Recombinetics, Inc., Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jiajie Sun
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Edward Crespo
- Unidad de Investigaciones Zootécnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Norman Amati
- Unidad de Investigaciones Zootécnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - John B Cole
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Daniel J Null
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Jose F Garcia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
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