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Martinez de Zorzi V, Shanee S, Oklander LI. Fragmented forest affects the southern black-horned capuchin (Sapajus nigritus cucullatus) in the Argentinean Atlantic Forest. Primates 2024; 65:125-133. [PMID: 38238485 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-023-01114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The southern black-horned capuchin, Sapajus nigritus cucullatus, is considered Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List and Vulnerable in Argentina. The species is mainly threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. The aim of this study was to compare range size, group size, and density in S. n. cucullatus groups between areas of continuous and fragmented habitat in the Atlantic Forest in Argentina. The study was carried out in two areas in northern Misiones province, one continuous and one anthropogenic fragment. Fieldwork was carried out for 5 days each month from November 2019 to March 2020 and from November 2020 to March 2021. SARS-CoV-2 restrictions meant we could not survey in the intervening period. Group counts were made on existing trails and subsequent group follows. We georeferenced encounters and follows to estimate home range sizes. We calculated density based on home range modeling using 100% minimum convex polygons (MCP), and compared these using generalized linear models (GLM). Smaller groups and lower density of S. n. cucullatus were found in continuous forest, with group sizes between 12 and 23 individuals, and density of 0.14 ind/ha, whereas in the fragmented forest, group sizes were between 32 and 36, with density of 0.62 ind/ha (n = 107; zero-inflated negative binomial regression [ZINB], p < 0.05). The higher density in forest fragments may be due to reduced dispersal ability. This work highlights data on species plasticity that could contribute to the development of conservation management strategies for S. n. cucullatus and its habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Martinez de Zorzi
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), Universidad Nacional de Misiones y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNAM-CONICET-Argentina), Posadas, Argentina.
- Neotropical Primate Conservation Argentina, Lindtron 579, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.
| | - Sam Shanee
- Neotropical Primate Conservation, Cornwall, UK
| | - Luciana Inés Oklander
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), Universidad Nacional de Misiones y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNAM-CONICET-Argentina), Posadas, Argentina
- Neotropical Primate Conservation Argentina, Lindtron 579, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
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Viveiros E, Francisco BS, Dutra FB, de Souza LA, Inocente MC, Bastos ACV, da Costa GFL, Barbosa MC, Martins RP, Passaretti RA, Fernandes MJP, de Oliveira JST, Shiguehara APP, Manzoli EC, Teração BS, Piotrowski I, Piña-Rodrigues FCM, da Silva JMS. How the Adequate Choice of Plant Species Favors the Restoration Process in Areas Susceptible to Extreme Frost Events. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1369. [PMID: 37997968 PMCID: PMC10669021 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the impacts caused by extreme frost events in an ecological restoration area. We grouped the species in three ways: (1) type of trichome coverage; (2) shape of the seedling crown; and (3) functional groups according to the degree of damage caused by frost. The variables of the restored area and species characteristics were selected to be subjected to linear generalization analysis models (GLMs). A total of 104 individuals from seven species were sampled. The most affected species were Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (98% of leaves affected), followed by Cecropia pachystachia Trécul and Hymenea courbaril L. (both 97%), Inga vera Willd. (84%), and Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose with 75%. Tapirira guianensis Aubl. was considered an intermediate species, with 62% of the crown affected. Only Solanum granulosoleprosum Dunal was classified as slightly affected, with only 1.5% of leaves affected. With the GLM analysis, it was verified that the interaction between the variables of leaf thickness (Χ² = 37.1, df = 1, p < 0.001), trichome coverage (Χ² = 650.5, df = 2, p < 0.001), and leaf structure culture (Χ² = 54.0, df = 2, p < 0.001) resulted in a model with high predictive power (AIC = 927,244, BIC = 940,735, Χ² = 6947, R² = 0.74, p < 0.001). Frost-affected crown cover was best explained by the interaction between the three functional attributes (74%). We found that there is a tendency for thicker leaves completely covered in trichomes to be less affected by the impact of frost and that the coverage of the affected crown was greatly influenced by the coverage of trichomes. Seedlings with leaves completely covered in trichomes, thicker leaves, and a funneled or more open crown structure are those that are most likely to resist frost events. The success of ecological restoration in areas susceptible to extreme events such as frost can be predicted based on the functional attributes of the chosen species. This can contribute to a better selection of species to be used to restore degraded areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Viveiros
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
- AES Brasil, Bauru 17064-868, Brazil; (R.P.M.); (R.A.P.); (M.J.P.F.)
| | - Bruno Santos Francisco
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Felipe Bueno Dutra
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Lindomar Alves de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Mariane Cristina Inocente
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Aline Cipriano Valentim Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Glória Fabiani Leão da Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Maycon Cristiano Barbosa
- Undergraduate Program in Forest Engineering, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil;
| | | | | | | | - Julia Siqueira Tagliaferro de Oliveira
- Undergraduate Program in Biologycal Sciences, Department of Biologycal Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula Ponce Shiguehara
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Enzo Coletti Manzoli
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Bruna Santos Teração
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (B.S.T.); (I.P.)
| | - Ivonir Piotrowski
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (B.S.T.); (I.P.)
| | - Fátima Conceição Márquez Piña-Rodrigues
- AES Brasil, Bauru 17064-868, Brazil; (R.P.M.); (R.A.P.); (M.J.P.F.)
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (B.S.T.); (I.P.)
| | - José Mauro Santana da Silva
- AES Brasil, Bauru 17064-868, Brazil; (R.P.M.); (R.A.P.); (M.J.P.F.)
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (B.S.T.); (I.P.)
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Dai Y, Wang L, Wan X. Maintenance of xylem hydraulic function during winter in the woody bamboo Phyllostachys propinqua McClure. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15979. [PMID: 37719123 PMCID: PMC10504893 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Frost is a common environmental stress for temperate plants. Xylem embolism occurs in many overwintering plants due to freeze-thaw cycles, so coping with freeze-thaw-induced embolisms is essential for the survival of temperate plants. Methods This study was conducted on Phyllostachys propinqua McClure, a woody bamboo species that was grown under natural frost conditions to explore its responses to winter embolisms. From autumn to the following spring, the following measurements were recorded: predawn branch and leaf embolism, branch and leaf relative water content (RWC), root pressure and soil temperature, xylem sap osmotic potential, branch and leaf electrolyte leakage (EL), branch nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content and leaf net photosynthetic rate. Results P. propinqua had a mean vessel diameter of 68.95 ±1.27 µm but did not suffer severe winter embolism, peaking around 60% in winter (January), with a distinct reduction in March when root pressure returned. Leaves had a more severe winter embolism, up to 90%. Leaf RWC was much lower in winter, and leaf EL was significantly higher than branch EL in all seasons. Root pressure remained until November when soil temperature reached 9 °C, then appeared again in March when soil temperatures increased from -6 °C (January) to 11 °C. Xylem sap osmotic potential decreased from autumn to winter, reaching a minimum in March, and then increasing again. Soluble sugar (SS) concentration increased throughout the winter, peaked in March, and then decreased. Conclusions These results suggest that (1) there is a hydraulic segmentation between the stem and leaf, which could prevent stem water loss and further embolization in winter; (2) maintenance of root pressure in early winter played an important role in reducing the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the winter embolism; (3) the physiological process that resulted in a decrease in xylem sap osmotic potential and tissue water content, and an accumulation of SS associated with cold acclimation also aided in reducing the extent of freeze-thaw-induced embolism. All these strategies could be helpful for the maintenance of xylem hydraulic function of this bamboo species during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Dai
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Institute of New Forestry Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Institute of New Forestry Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xianchong Wan
- Institute of New Forestry Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Chen L, Keski-Saari S, Kontunen-Soppela S, Zhu X, Zhou X, Hänninen H, Pumpanen J, Mola-Yudego B, Wu D, Berninger F. Immediate and carry-over effects of late-spring frost and growing season drought on forest gross primary productivity capacity in the Northern Hemisphere. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3924-3940. [PMID: 37165918 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Forests are increasingly exposed to extreme global warming-induced climatic events. However, the immediate and carry-over effects of extreme events on forests are still poorly understood. Gross primary productivity (GPP) capacity is regarded as a good proxy of the ecosystem's functional stability, reflecting its physiological response to its surroundings. Using eddy covariance data from 34 forest sites in the Northern Hemisphere, we analyzed the immediate and carry-over effects of late-spring frost (LSF) and growing season drought on needle-leaf and broadleaf forests. Path analysis was applied to reveal the plausible reasons behind the varied responses of forests to extreme events. The results show that LSF had clear immediate effects on the GPP capacity of both needle-leaf and broadleaf forests. However, GPP capacity in needle-leaf forests was more sensitive to drought than in broadleaf forests. There was no interaction between LSF and drought in either needle-leaf or broadleaf forests. Drought effects were still visible when LSF and drought coexisted in needle-leaf forests. Path analysis further showed that the response of GPP capacity to drought differed between needle-leaf and broadleaf forests, mainly due to the difference in the sensitivity of canopy conductance. Moreover, LSF had a more severe and long-lasting carry-over effect on forests than drought. These results enrich our understanding of the mechanisms of forest response to extreme events across forest types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Sarita Keski-Saari
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Sari Kontunen-Soppela
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Xudan Zhu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Heikki Hänninen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Blas Mola-Yudego
- School of Forest Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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Liu J, Wang X, Liu L, Wu X, Xia Z, Guo Q. Rhizosphere soil bacterial communities and nitrogen cycling affected by deciduous and evergreen tree species. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9103. [PMID: 35845380 PMCID: PMC9277416 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciduous and evergreen trees differ in their responses to drought and nitrogen (N) demand. Whether or not these functional types affect the role of the bacterial community in the N cycle during drought remains uncertain. Two deciduous tree species (Alnus cremastogyne, an N2-fixing species, and Liquidambar formosana) and two evergreen trees (Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana) were used to assess factors in controlling rhizosphere soil bacterial community and N cycling functions. Photosynthetic rates and biomass production of plants, 16S rRNA sequencing and N-cycling-related genes of rhizosphere soil were measured. The relative abundance of the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes was higher, and that of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Gemmatimondaetes was lower in rhizosphere soil of deciduous trees than that of evergreen. Beta-diversity of bacterial community also significantly differed between the two types of trees. Deciduous trees showed significantly higher net photosynthetic rates and biomass production than evergreen species both at well water condition and short-term drought. Root biomass was the most important factor in driving soil bacterial community and N-cycling functions than total biomass and aboveground biomass. Furthermore, 44 bacteria genera with a decreasing response and 46 taxa showed an increased response along the root biomass gradient. Regarding N-cycle-related functional genes, copy numbers of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), N2 fixation gene (nifH), and denitrification genes (nirK, nirS) were significantly higher in the soil of deciduous trees than in that of the evergreen. Structural equation models explained 50.2%, 47.6%, 48.6%, 49.4%, and 37.3% of the variability in copy numbers of nifH, AOB, AOA, nirK, and nirS, respectively, and revealed that root biomass had significant positive effects on copy numbers of all N-cycle functional genes. In conclusion, root biomass played key roles in affecting bacterial community structure and soil N cycling. Our findings have important implications for our understanding of plants control over bacterial community and N-cycling function in artificial forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Zhichao Xia
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Qingxue Guo
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
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Zhou I, Lipman J, Abolhasan M, Shariati N. Minute-wise frost prediction: An approach of recurrent neural networks. ARRAY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.array.2022.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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