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Nguyen NY, An BN, LE MV, Hoang HA. Antibacterial Activity of Copper Nanoparticles-Chitosan Composite against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Biocontrol Sci 2020; 25:159-165. [PMID: 32938845 DOI: 10.4265/bio.25.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus has recently resulted in a serious loss in shrimp farms in the Mekong delta, Vietnam. Here, antibacterial activity of copper nanoparticles-chitosan composite (CuCS) against V. parahaemolyticus was investigated. Copper nanoparticles were synthesized using L-ascorbic acid as a green reducing agent and chitosan as a biopolymer matrix and stabilizing agent. The physical properties of CuCS were evaluated. Next, antibacterial activity of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 ppm CuCS against V. parahaemolyticus inoculated in a sterilized shrimp-pond water was examined. CuCS at 2.5 ppm eliminated 91.47% and 95.26% of V. parahaemolyticus after 2 and 4 h of exposure, respectively. Complete elimination was attained following 2 h of 5.0 ppm CuCS exposure. A complete elimination of V. parahaemolyticus in a real EMS-infected shrimp-pond water was also described. This study is the first to report the antibacterial activity of CuCS against V. parahaemolyticus, an important pathogen in shrimp industry in the Mekong delta, Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Yen Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT).,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City
| | - Bui Nguyet An
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT).,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City
| | - Minh-Vien LE
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT).,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City
| | - Hoang A Hoang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT).,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City
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Turon M, Cáliz J, Triadó-Margarit X, Casamayor EO, Uriz MJ. Sponges and Their Microbiomes Show Similar Community Metrics Across Impacted and Well-Preserved Reefs. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1961. [PMID: 31507568 PMCID: PMC6713927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponge diversity has been reported to decrease from well-preserved to polluted environments, but whether diversity and intra-species variation of their associated microbiomes also change as function of environmental quality remains unknown. Our study aimed to assess whether microbiome composition and structure are related to the proliferation of some sponges and not others under degraded conditions. We characterized the most frequent sponges and their associated bacteria in two close areas (impacted and well-preserved) of Nha Trang Bay (Indo-Pacific). Sponge assemblages were richer and more diverse in the well-preserved reefs, but more abundant (individuals/m. transect) in the impacted environments, where two species (Clathria reinwardti and Amphimedon paraviridis) dominated. Sponge microbiomes from the polluted zones had, in general, lower bacterial diversity and core size and consequently, higher intra-species dispersion than microbiomes of sponges from the well-preserved environments. Microbial communities reflect the reduction of diversity and richness shown by their host sponges. In this sense, sponges with less complex and more variable microbiomes proliferate under degraded environmental conditions, following the ecological paradigm that negatively correlates community diversity and environmental degradation. Thereby, the diversity and structure of sponge microbiomes might indirectly determine the presence and proliferation of sponge species in certain habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria J. Uriz
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CEAB-CSIC, Girona, Spain
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Mohamad N, Amal MNA, Saad MZ, Yasin ISM, Zulkiply NA, Mustafa M, Nasruddin NS. Virulence-associated genes and antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio spp. isolated from cultured marine fishes in Malaysia. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:176. [PMID: 31138199 PMCID: PMC6537206 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vibriosis is an important bacterial disease of cultured marine fishes worldwide. However, information on the virulence and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio spp. isolated from fish are scarce. This study investigates the distribution of virulence associated genes and antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio spp. isolated from cage-cultured marine fishes in Malaysia. Results A total of 63 Vibrio spp. isolated from 62 cultured marine fishes in various geographical regions in Peninsular Malaysia were analysed. Forty-two of the isolates (66.7%) were positive for all chiA, luxR and vhpA, the virulence genes produced by pathogenic V. harveyi. A total of 62 Vibrio isolates (98%) had tlh gene of V. parahaemolyticus, while flaC gene of V. anguillarum was detected in 43 of isolates (68%). Other virulence genes, including tdh, trh, hlyA and toxRvc were absent from any of the isolates. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was exhibited in all strains of Harveyi clade, particularly against ampicillin, penicillin, polypeptides, cephems and streptomycin. The MAR index ranged between 0.06 and 0.56, and 75% of the isolates have MAR index of higher than 0.20. Host species and geographical origin showed no correlation with the presence of virulence genes and the antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio spp. Conclusions The study indicates that majority of Vibrio spp. isolated from cultured marine fishes possess virulence genes, but were not associated with human pathogen. However, the antibiotics resistance is a real concern and warrants ongoing surveillance. These findings represent an updated knowledge on the risk of Vibrio spp. to human health, and also provides valuable insight on alternative approaches to combat vibriosis in cultured fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurliyana Mohamad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Noor Azmai Amal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Zamri Saad
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ina Salwany Md Yasin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Amalina Zulkiply
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muskhazli Mustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin
- Centre for Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
Aquaculture production (inland and marine) has been increasing globally reaching 80.1 million metric tons in 2016. Simultaneously the utilisation of fish food per capita has also been risen reaching 20.0 kg per year in 2016. However, the growing industry also experiences problems including diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, helminths and parasitic crustaceans on valuable seafood products resulting in economic losses. Antimicrobial agents and chemical control strategies used to control such diseases are creating environmentally detrimental effects as well as encouraging development and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Vaccine developments are costly and lengthy with application difficulties in farm settings. Accordingly, alternative therapies for controlling bacterial pathogens in aquaculture are gaining importance. One such measure is to use bacteriophages that are specific to disease causing bacteria.
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