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Jalali P, Nowroozi A, Moradi S, Shahlaei M. Exploration of lipid bilayer mechanical properties using molecular dynamics simulation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 761:110151. [PMID: 39265694 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Important biological structures known for their exceptional mechanical qualities, lipid bilayers are essential to many cellular functions. Fluidity, elasticity, permeability, stiffness, tensile strength, compressibility, shear viscosity, line tension, and curvature elasticity are some of the fundamental characteristics affecting their behavior. The purpose of this review is to examine these characteristics in more detail by molecular dynamics simulation, elucidating their importance and the elements that lead to their appearance in lipid bilayers. Comprehending the mechanical characteristics of lipid bilayers is critical for creating medications, drug delivery systems, and biomaterials that interact with biological membranes because it allows one to understand how these materials respond to different stresses and deformations. The influence of mechanical characteristics on important lipid bilayer properties is examined in this review. The mechanical properties of lipid bilayers were clarified through the use of molecular dynamics simulation analysis techniques, including bilayer thickness, stress-strain analysis, lipid bilayer area compressibility, membrane bending rigidity, and time- or ensemble-averaged the area per lipid evaluation. We explain the significance of molecular dynamics simulation analysis methods, providing important new information about the stability and dynamic behavior of the bilayer. In the end, we hope to use molecular dynamics simulation to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties and behavior of lipid bilayers, laying the groundwork for further studies and applications. Taken together, careful investigation of these mechanical aspects deepens our understanding of the adaptive capacities and functional roles of lipid bilayers in biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Jalali
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Nowroozi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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2
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Hall SCL, Hardy DJ, Bragginton ÉC, Johnston H, Onose T, Holyfield R, Sridhar P, Knowles TJ, Clifton LA. Distance tuneable integral membrane protein containing floating bilayers via in situ directed self-assembly. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13503-13515. [PMID: 38940744 PMCID: PMC11256219 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04622b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Model membranes allow for structural and biophysical studies on membrane biochemistry at the molecular level, albeit on systems of reduced complexity which can limit biological accuracy. Floating supported bilayers offer a means of producing planar lipid membrane models not adhered to a surface, which allows for improved accuracy compared to other model membranes. Here we communicate the incorporation of an integral membrane protein complex, the multidomain β-barrel assembly machinery (Bam), into our recently developed in situ self-assembled floating supported bilayers. Using neutron reflectometry and quartz crystal microbalance measurements we show this sample system can be fabricated using a two-step self-assembly process. We then demonstrate the complexity of the model membrane and tuneability of the membrane-to-surface distance using changes in the salt concentration of the bulk solution. Results demonstrate an easily fabricated, biologically accurate and tuneable membrane assay system which can be utilized for studies on integral membrane proteins within their native lipid matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C L Hall
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 OQX, UK.
| | - David J Hardy
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Éilís C Bragginton
- Electron Bio-Imaging Centre (eBIC), Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Hannah Johnston
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tudor Onose
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel Holyfield
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Pooja Sridhar
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Timothy J Knowles
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Luke A Clifton
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 OQX, UK.
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3
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Shen C, Zhang H, Ocko BM. Reconstructing the reflectivity of liquid surfaces from grazing incidence X-ray off-specular scattering data. J Appl Crystallogr 2024; 57:714-727. [PMID: 38846761 PMCID: PMC11151673 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576724002887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The capillary wave model of a liquid surface predicts both the X-ray specular reflection and the diffuse scattering around it. A quantitative method is presented to obtain the X-ray reflectivity (XRR) from a liquid surface through the diffuse scattering data around the specular reflection measured using a grazing incidence X-ray off-specular scattering (GIXOS) geometry at a fixed horizontal offset angle with respect to the plane of incidence. With this approach the entire Qz -dependent reflectivity profile can be obtained at a single, fixed incident angle. This permits a much faster acquisition of the profile than with conventional reflectometry, where the incident angle must be scanned point by point to obtain a Qz -dependent profile. The XRR derived from the GIXOS-measured diffuse scattering, referred to in this paper as pseudo-reflectivity, provides a larger Qz range compared with the reflectivity measured by conventional reflectometry. Transforming the GIXOS-measured diffuse scattering profile to pseudo-XRR opens up the GIXOS method to widely available specular XRR analysis software tools. Here the GIXOS-derived pseudo-XRR is compared with the XRR measured by specular reflectometry from two simple vapor-liquid interfaces at different surface tension, and from a hexadecyltri-methyl-ammonium bromide monolayer on a water surface. For the simple liquids, excellent agreement (beyond 11 orders of magnitude in signal) is found between the two methods, supporting the approach of using GIXOS-measured diffuse scattering to derive reflectivities. Pseudo-XRR obtained at different horizontal offset angles with respect to the plane of incidence yields indistinguishable results, and this supports the robustness of the GIXOS-XRR approach. The pseudo-XRR method can be extended to soft thin films on a liquid surface, and criteria are established for the applicability of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Honghu Zhang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Ocko
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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4
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Alobaid AA, Skoda MWA, Harris LK, Campbell RA. Translational use of homing peptides: Tumor and placental targeting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 662:1033-1043. [PMID: 38387365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Tissue-specific homing peptides have been shown to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy due to their trophism for tumor cells. Other sequences that selectively home to the placenta are providing new and safer therapeutics to treat complications in pregnancy. Our hypothesis is that the placental homing peptide RSGVAKS (RSG) may have binding affinity to cancer cells, and that insight can be gained into the binding mechanisms of RSG and the tumor homing peptide CGKRK to model membranes that mimic the primary lipid compositions of the respective cells. EXPERIMENTS Following cell culture studies on the binding efficacy of the peptides on a breast cancer cell line, a systematic translational characterization is delivered using ellipsometry, Brewster angle microscopy and neutron reflectometry of the extents, structures, and dynamics of the interactions of the peptides with the model membranes on a Langmuir trough. FINDINGS We start by revealing that RSG does indeed have binding affinity to breast cancer cells. The peptide is then shown to exhibit stronger interactions and greater penetration than CGKRK into both model membranes, combined with greater disruption to the lipid component. RSG also forms aggregates bound to the model membranes, yet both peptides bind to a greater extent to the placental than cancer model membranes. The results demonstrate the potential for varying local reservoirs of peptide within cell membranes that may influence receptor binding. The innovative nature of our findings motivates the urgent need for more studies involving multifaceted experimental platforms to explore the use of specific peptide sequences to home to different cellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A Alobaid
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Maximilian W A Skoda
- ISIS Neutron & Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
| | - Richard A Campbell
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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5
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Bange L, Mukhina T, Fragneto G, Rondelli V, Schneck E. Influence of adhesion-promoting glycolipids on the structure and stability of solid-supported lipid double-bilayers. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2113-2125. [PMID: 38349522 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01615c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Glycolipids have a considerable influence on the interaction between adjacent biomembranes and can promote membrane adhesion trough favorable sugar-sugar "bonds" even at low glycolipid fractions. Here, in order to obtain structural insights into this phenomenon, we utilize neutron reflectometry in combination with a floating lipid bilayer architecture that brings two glycolipid-loaded lipid bilayers to close proximity. We find that selected glycolipids with di-, or oligosaccharide headgroups affect the inter-bilayer water layer thickness and appear to contribute to the stability of the double-bilayer architecture by promoting adhesion of adjacent bilayers even against induced electrostatic repulsion. However, we do not observe any redistribution of glycolipids that would maximize the density of sugar-sugar contacts. Our results point towards possible strategies for the investigation of interactions between cell surfaces involving specific protein-protein, lipid-lipid, or protein-lipid binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bange
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Tetiana Mukhina
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Giovanna Fragneto
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
- The European Spallation Source, ERIC, Lund, Sweden
| | - Valeria Rondelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
| | - Emanuel Schneck
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
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6
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Pezeshkian W, Ipsen JH. Mesoscale simulation of biomembranes with FreeDTS. Nat Commun 2024; 15:548. [PMID: 38228588 PMCID: PMC10792169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We present FreeDTS software for performing computational research on biomembranes at the mesoscale. In this software, a membrane is represented by a dynamically triangulated surface equipped with vertex-based inclusions to integrate the effects of integral and peripheral membrane proteins. Several algorithms are included in the software to simulate complex membranes at different conditions such as framed membranes with constant tension, vesicles and high-genus membranes with various fixed volumes or constant pressure differences and applying external forces to membrane regions. Furthermore, the software allows the user to turn off the shape evolution of the membrane and focus solely on the organization of proteins. As a result, we can take realistic membrane shapes obtained from, for example, cryo-electron tomography and backmap them into a finer simulation model. In addition to many biomembrane applications, this software brings us a step closer to simulating realistic biomembranes with molecular resolution. Here we provide several interesting showcases of the power of the software but leave a wide range of potential applications for interested users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weria Pezeshkian
- Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - John H Ipsen
- MEMPHYS/PhyLife, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy (FKF), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
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7
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Saha T, Heuer A, Galic M. Systematic analysis of curvature-dependent lipid dynamics in a stochastic 3D membrane model. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1330-1341. [PMID: 36692259 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01260j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To minimize the free energy of the system, lipid membranes display curvature-dependent rearrangements at the local and global scale. The optimal membrane shape is generally approximated by averaging the curvature preference of individual lipids across the whole surface. Potential stress due to imperfections in lipid packing caused by local lipid inhomogeneities, however, is frequently neglected. Here, we developed a stochastic 3D membrane model to investigate the relevance of this parameter for shape-dependent lipid and membrane dynamics. A systematic analysis of the discretized Helfrich type Hamiltonian indicates that stress-energy arising from imperfections in packing is analogous to van der Waals interactions, jointly determining membrane shape and localization of curvature-sensitive lipids based on their relative strengths. Insights from this work can be used to characterize natural and design synthetic agents for membrane-shape changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanumoy Saha
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Germany.
- Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Germany.
- CIM-IMPRS Graduate School, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Milos Galic
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Germany.
- Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Germany.
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8
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Giri RP, Mukhopadhyay MK. Humidity-Responsive Polymer Cushion-Supported Biomimetic Membrane: A Model System for X-ray Studies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15294-15302. [PMID: 36463523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An effort aimed at replacing the conventional water column by a relative humidity (RH) environment for structural investigation of a soft polymer cushion-supported model phospholipid membrane has been reported. An RH-responsive well-hydrated polymer cushion layer capable of approximately 2-fold swellability under RH 96% has been employed for phospholipid model membrane fabrication. To validate the proposed method, supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) of phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine were deposited and structurally characterized at molecular level by the X-ray scattering method. In addition, the molecular interaction of the porphyrin-based hemin molecule, having a drug-like structure, with the supported membrane has been studied for further validation. The swelling behavior of the polymer cushion has been studied at a range of RH values prior to the bilayer deposition. The RH environment, in comparison to the conventional water column, enhanced the dynamic range approximately by 100-fold and the structural resolution by 2-fold. Thus, the bilayer structural features can be assessed without being overwhelmed by the background signals from the traditional water column. This facilitates in extracting reliable layer parameters and exogenous molecule-induced minute changes from the model fit. The proposed method will have far-reaching implications in biosensor engineering, protein-lipid, and drug-lipid interaction studies, X-ray microscopy, imaging, and photon correlation spectroscopy studies from SLBs where acquiring sufficient scattered intensity is still a challenge. This study also predicts that lab-based rotating-anode X-ray instruments can potentially be an alternative to the hard-access synchrotron experiments on biomimetic membranes, keeping the dynamic range and structural resolution uncompromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Giri
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata700064, West Bengal, India
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118Kiel, Germany
| | - Mrinmay K Mukhopadhyay
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata700064, West Bengal, India
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9
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Pusterla J, Scoppola E, Appel C, Mukhina T, Shen C, Brezesinski G, Schneck E. Characterization of lipid bilayers adsorbed to functionalized air/water interfaces. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15048-15059. [PMID: 36200471 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03334h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid bilayers immobilized in planar geometries, such as solid-supported or "floating" bilayers, have enabled detailed studies of biological membranes with numerous experimental techniques, notably X-ray and neutron reflectometry. However, the presence of a solid support also has disadvantages as it complicates the use of spectroscopic techniques as well as surface rheological measurements that would require surface deformations. Here, in order to overcome these limitations, we investigate lipid bilayers adsorbed to inherently soft and experimentally well accessible air/water interfaces that are functionalized with Langmuir monolayers of amphiphiles. The bilayers are characterized with ellipsometry, X-ray scattering, and X-ray fluorescence. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction reveals that lipid bilayers in a chain-ordered state can have significantly different structural features than regular Langmuir monolayers of the same composition. Our results suggest that bilayers at air/water interfaces may be well suited for fundamental studies in the field of membrane biophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Pusterla
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstrasse 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Ernesto Scoppola
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Appel
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstrasse 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Tetiana Mukhina
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstrasse 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Chen Shen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstrasse 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Emanuel Schneck
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstrasse 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
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10
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Chen ZR, Zhou W, Shen L. Scaling Behaviors of Polymers on Lipid Membranes: Coupling of Polymer Chain Dynamics and Surface Thermal Fluctuations. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Himbert S, Rheinstädter MC. Structural and mechanical properties of the red blood cell's cytoplasmic membrane seen through the lens of biophysics. Front Physiol 2022; 13:953257. [PMID: 36171967 PMCID: PMC9510598 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.953257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant cell type in the human body and critical suppliers of oxygen. The cells are characterized by a simple structure with no internal organelles. Their two-layered outer shell is composed of a cytoplasmic membrane (RBC cm ) tethered to a spectrin cytoskeleton allowing the cell to be both flexible yet resistant against shear stress. These mechanical properties are intrinsically linked to the molecular composition and organization of their shell. The cytoplasmic membrane is expected to dominate the elastic behavior on small, nanometer length scales, which are most relevant for cellular processes that take place between the fibrils of the cytoskeleton. Several pathologies have been linked to structural and compositional changes within the RBC cm and the cell's mechanical properties. We review current findings in terms of RBC lipidomics, lipid organization and elastic properties with a focus on biophysical techniques, such as X-ray and neutron scattering, and Molecular Dynamics simulations, and their biological relevance. In our current understanding, the RBC cm 's structure is patchy, with nanometer sized liquid ordered and disordered lipid, and peptide domains. At the same time, it is surprisingly soft, with bending rigidities κ of 2-4 kBT. This is in strong contrast to the current belief that a high concentration of cholesterol results in stiff membranes. This extreme softness is likely the result of an interaction between polyunsaturated lipids and cholesterol, which may also occur in other biological membranes. There is strong evidence in the literature that there is no length scale dependence of κ of whole RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Himbert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maikel C. Rheinstädter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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12
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Abbas M, Law JO, Grellscheid SN, Huck WTS, Spruijt E. Peptide-Based Coacervate-Core Vesicles with Semipermeable Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202913. [PMID: 35796384 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coacervates droplets have long been considered as potential protocells to mimic living cells. However, these droplets lack a membrane and are prone to coalescence, limiting their ability to survive, interact, and organize into higher-order assemblies. This work shows that tyrosine-rich peptide conjugates can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation in a well-defined pH window and transform into stable membrane-enclosed protocells by enzymatic oxidation and cross-linking at the liquid-liquid interface. The oxidation of the tyrosine-rich peptides into dityrosine creates a semipermeable, flexible membrane around the coacervates with tunable thickness, which displays strong intrinsic fluorescence, and stabilizes the coacervate protocells against coalescence. The membranes have an effective molecular weight cut-off of 2.5 kDa, as determined from the partitioning of small dyes and labeled peptides, RNA, and polymers into the membrane-enclosed coacervate protocells. Flicker spectroscopy reveals a membrane bending rigidity of only 0.1kB T, which is substantially lower than phospholipid bilayers despite a larger membrane thickness. Finally, it is shown that enzymes can be stably encapsulated inside the protocells and be supplied with substrates from outside, which opens the way for these membrane-bound compartments to be used as molecularly crowded artificial cells capable of communication or as a vehicle for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Abbas
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Jack O Law
- Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Sushma N Grellscheid
- Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Wilhelm T S Huck
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Evan Spruijt
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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13
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Geng Y, Huang T, Zhou W, Shen L. Physical Mechanism of Amyloid-β Peptide Chain Aggregation on Fluidic Lipid Nanotubules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5752-5758. [PMID: 35476922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The question of how peptide chain aggregation is influenced by lipid membranes with varying shapes and structures is crucial for a detailed understanding of the neurotoxicity effect of the peptide chains. Not like the more usual spherical liposomes and planar lipid membranes, herein, we use lipid nanotubules as a model of important neuron synapse nanowire structures and devote particular attention to the effect of nanotubule fluidity on amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) chain aggregation. We apply single-molecule tracking (SMT) to elucidate how Aβ chains diffuse and aggregate on lipid nanotubules with different fluidities. The physical mechanism implies that fluidic lipid nanotubules facilitate the super-diffusion of two-dimensional (2D)-mobile precursor Aβ chains and promote their aggregation. This aggregation mechanism is retarded on less fluidic lipid nanotubules where the super-diffusion of 2D-mobile precursor Aβ chains is restricted by "frozen" lipids with less mobility. This work provides a mechanistic explanation for Aβ chain aggregation on fluidic lipid nanotubules.
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14
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Hernández-Muñoz J, Bresme F, Tarazona P, Chacón E. Bending Modulus of Lipid Membranes from Density Correlation Functions. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3151-3163. [PMID: 35389648 PMCID: PMC9097289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bending modulus κ quantifies the elasticity of biological membranes in terms of the free energy cost of increasing the membrane corrugation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide a powerful approach to quantify κ by analyzing the thermal fluctuations of the lipid bilayer. However, existing methods require the identification and filtering of non-mesoscopic fluctuation modes. State of the art methods rely on identifying a smooth surface to describe the membrane shape. These methods introduce uncertainties in calculating κ since they rely on different criteria to select the relevant fluctuation modes. Here, we present a method to compute κ using molecular simulations. Our approach circumvents the need to define a mesoscopic surface or an orientation field for the lipid tails explicitly. The bending and tilt moduli can be extracted from the analysis of the density correlation function (DCF). The method introduced here builds on the Bedeaux and Weeks (BW) theory for the DCF of fluctuating interfaces and on the coupled undulatory (CU) mode introduced by us in previous work. We test the BW-DCF method by computing the elastic properties of lipid membranes with different system sizes (from 500 to 6000 lipid molecules) and using coarse-grained (for POPC and DPPC lipids) and fully atomistic models (for DPPC). Further, we quantify the impact of cholesterol on the bending modulus of DPPC bilayers. We compare our results with bending moduli obtained with X-ray diffraction data and different computer simulation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Hernández-Muñoz
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, IFIMAC
Condensed Matter Physics Center, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Fernando Bresme
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, W12 0BZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Tarazona
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, IFIMAC
Condensed Matter Physics Center, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Instituto
Nicolás Cabrera de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Enrique Chacón
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28049, Spain
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15
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Ridolfi A, Caselli L, Baldoni M, Montis C, Mercuri F, Berti D, Valle F, Brucale M. Stiffness of Fluid and Gel Phase Lipid Nanovesicles: Weighting the Contributions of Membrane Bending Modulus and Luminal Pressurization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12027-12037. [PMID: 34610740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biogenic membranous compartments are thought to be relevant in numerous biological processes; however, their quantitative measurement remains challenging for most of the already available force spectroscopy (FS)-based techniques. In particular, the debate on the mechanics of lipid nanovesicles and on the interpretation of their mechanical response to an applied force is still open. This is mostly due to the current lack of a unified model being able to describe the mechanical response of both gel and fluid phase lipid vesicles and to disentangle the contributions of membrane rigidity and luminal pressure. In this framework, we herein propose a simple model in which the interplay of membrane rigidity and luminal pressure to the overall vesicle stiffness is described as a series of springs; this approach allows estimating these two contributions for both gel and fluid phase liposomes. Atomic force microscopy-based FS, performed on both vesicles and supported lipid bilayers, is exploited for obtaining all the parameters involved in the model. Moreover, the use of coarse-grained full-scale molecular dynamics simulations allowed for better understanding of the differences in the mechanical responses of gel and fluid phase bilayers and supported the experimental findings. The results suggest that the pressure contribution is similar among all the probed vesicle types; however, it plays a dominant role in the mechanical response of lipid nanovesicles presenting a fluid phase membrane, while its contribution becomes comparable to the one of membrane rigidity in nanovesicles with a gel phase lipid membrane. The results presented herein offer a simple way to quantify two of the most important parameters in vesicle nanomechanics (membrane rigidity and internal pressurization), and as such represent a first step toward a currently unavailable, unified model for the mechanical response of gel and fluid phase lipid nanovesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ridolfi
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Caselli
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Matteo Baldoni
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Costanza Montis
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Mercuri
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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16
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Song Y, Geng Y, Shen L. Visualizing Super-Diffusion, Oligomerization, and Fibrillation of Amyloid-β Peptide Chains along Tubular Membranes. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1295-1299. [PMID: 35549032 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A deeper mechanistic study of peptide amyloidosis on lipid membranes with varying shapes could enhance the comprehensive understanding of the contribution of cellular structures to multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. We report here the direct visual observation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) superdiffusing along tubular lipid membranes via single-molecule tracking (SMT). Such mobility on tubular membranes is critical, as it allows Aβ chains to oligomerize and elongate into fibrils. Factors such as cholesterol that favor Aβ chains with sufficient surface residence time can promote the inter-Aβ interaction and enhance Aβ fibrillation. This study provides previously uncharacterized insights into the chain behaviors of Aβ along important biological nanowire structures, which is essential to understanding and exploring the factors of cellular shapes to manipulate peptide amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Song
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Geng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Shen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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17
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Maiti S, Frielinghaus H, Gräßel D, Dulle M, Axer M, Förster S. Distribution and orientation of nerve fibers and myelin assembly in a brain section retrieved by small-angle neutron scattering. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17306. [PMID: 34453063 PMCID: PMC8397781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural connectivity of the brain has been addressed by various imaging techniques such as diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) or specific microscopic approaches based on histological staining or label-free using polarized light (e.g., three-dimensional Polarized Light Imaging (3D-PLI), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)). These methods are sensitive to different properties of the fiber enwrapping myelin sheaths i.e. the distribution of myelin basic protein (histology), the apparent diffusion coefficient of water molecules restricted in their movements by the myelin sheath (DWMRI), and the birefringence of the oriented myelin lipid bilayers (3D-PLI, OCT). We show that the orientation and distribution of nerve fibers as well as myelin in thin brain sections can be determined using scanning small angle neutron scattering (sSANS). Neutrons are scattered from the fiber assembly causing anisotropic diffuse small-angle scattering and Bragg peaks related to the highly ordered periodic myelin multilayer structure. The scattering anisotropy, intensity, and angular position of the Bragg peaks can be mapped across the entire brain section. This enables mapping of the fiber and myelin distribution and their orientation in a thin brain section, which was validated by 3D-PLI. The experiments became possible by optimizing the neutron beam collimation to highest flux and enhancing the myelin contrast by deuteration. This method is very sensitive to small microstructures of biological tissue and can directly extract information on the average fiber orientation and even myelin membrane thickness. The present results pave the way toward bio-imaging for detecting structural aberrations causing neurological diseases in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Maiti
- Jülich Centre of Neutron Science (JCNS-1/IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Henrich Frielinghaus
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (JCNS-MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - David Gräßel
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Dulle
- Jülich Centre of Neutron Science (JCNS-1/IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Axer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Förster
- Jülich Centre of Neutron Science (JCNS-1/IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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18
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John LH, Preston GM, Sansom MSP, Clifton LA. Large scale model lipid membrane movement induced by a cation switch. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 596:297-311. [PMID: 33839355 PMCID: PMC8109235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A biomembrane sample system where millimolar changes of cations induce reversible large scale (≥ 200 Å) changes in the membrane-to-surface distance is described. The system composes of a free-floating bilayer, formed adjacent to a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). To examine the membrane movements, differently charged floating bilayers in the presence and absence of Ca2+ and Na+, respectively, were examined using neutron reflectivity and quartz crystal microbalance measurements, alongside molecular dynamics simulations. In neutron reflectivity the variation of Ca2+ and Na+ concentration enabled precision manipulation of the membrane-to-surface distance. Simulations suggest that Ca2+ ions bridge between SAM and bilayer whereas the more diffuse binding of Na+, especially to bilayers, is unable to fully overcome the repulsion between anionic floating bilayer and anionic SAM. Reproduced neutron reflectivity results with quartz crystal microbalance demonstrate the potential of this easily producible sample system to become a standard analysis tool for e.g. investigating membrane binding effects, endocytosis and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H John
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, UK
| | - Gail M Preston
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Luke A Clifton
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, UK.
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19
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Savenko M, Rivel T, Yesylevskyy S, Ramseyer C. Influence of Substrate Hydrophilicity on Structural Properties of Supported Lipid Systems on Graphene, Graphene Oxides, and Silica. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8060-8074. [PMID: 34284579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pristine graphene, a range of graphene oxides, and silica substrates were used to investigate the effect of surface hydrophilicity on supported lipid bilayers by means of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Supported 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine lipid bilayers were found in close-contact conformations with hydrophilic substrates with as low as 5% oxidation level, while self-assembled monolayers occur on pure hydrophobic graphene only. Lipids and water at the surface undergo large redistribution to maintain the stability of the supported bilayers. Deposition of bicelles on increasingly hydrophilic substrates shows the continuous process of reshaping of the supported system and makes intermediate stages between self-assembled monolayers and supported bilayers. The bilayer thickness changes with hydrophilicity in a complex manner, while the number of water molecules per lipid in the hydration layer increases together with hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Savenko
- Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Timothée Rivel
- Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Semen Yesylevskyy
- Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France.,Department of Physics of Biological Systems, Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky 46, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Christophe Ramseyer
- Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
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20
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Liu P, Zabala-Ferrera O, Beltramo PJ. Fabrication and electromechanical characterization of freestanding asymmetric membranes. Biophys J 2021; 120:1755-1764. [PMID: 33675759 PMCID: PMC8204216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
All biological cell membranes maintain an electric transmembrane potential of around 100 mV, due in part to an asymmetric distribution of charged phospholipids across the membrane. This asymmetry is crucial to cell health and physiological processes such as intracell signaling, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and membrane protein function. Experimental artificial membrane systems incorporate essential cell membrane structures, such as the phospholipid bilayer, in a controllable manner in which specific properties and processes can be isolated and examined. Here, we describe an approach to fabricate and characterize planar, freestanding, asymmetric membranes and use it to examine the effect of headgroup charge on membrane stiffness. The approach relies on a thin film balance used to form a freestanding membrane by adsorbing aqueous phase lipid vesicles to an oil-water interface and subsequently thinning the oil to form a bilayer. We validate this lipid-in-aqueous approach by analyzing the thickness and compressibility of symmetric membranes with varying zwitterionic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and anionic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) sodium salt (DOPG) content as compared with previous lipid-in-oil methods. We find that as the concentration of DOPG increases, membranes become thicker and stiffer. Asymmetric membranes are fabricated by controlling the lipid vesicle composition in the aqueous reservoirs on either side of the oil. Membrane compositional asymmetry is qualitatively demonstrated using a fluorescence quenching assay and quantitatively characterized through voltage-dependent capacitance measurements. Stable asymmetric membranes with DOPC on one side and DOPC-DOPG mixtures on the other were created with transmembrane potentials ranging from 15 to 80 mV. Introducing membrane charge asymmetry decreases both the thickness and stiffness in comparison with symmetric membranes with the same overall phospholipid composition. These initial successes demonstrate a viable pathway to quantitatively characterize asymmetric bilayers that can be extended to accommodate more complex membranes and membrane processes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Oscar Zabala-Ferrera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Peter J Beltramo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts.
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21
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Mukhina T, Gerelli Y, Hemmerle A, Koutsioubas A, Kovalev K, Teulon JM, Pellequer JL, Daillant J, Charitat T, Fragneto G. Insertion and activation of functional Bacteriorhodopsin in a floating bilayer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 597:370-382. [PMID: 33894545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The proton pump transmembrane protein bacteriorhodopsin was successfully incorporated into planar floating lipid bilayers in gel and fluid phases, by applying a detergent-mediated incorporation method. The method was optimized on single supported bilayers by using quartz crystal microbalance, atomic force and fluorescence microscopy techniques. Neutron and X-ray reflectometry were used on both single and floating bilayers with the aim of determining the structure and composition of this membrane-protein system before and after protein reconstitution at sub-nanometer resolution. Lipid bilayer integrity and protein activity were preserved upon the reconstitution process. Reversible structural modifications of the membrane, induced by the bacteriorhodopsin functional activity triggered by visible light, were observed and characterized at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Mukhina
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 av.des Martyrs, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France; Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UPR 22, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yuri Gerelli
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 av.des Martyrs, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France; Marche Polytechnic University, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Arnaud Hemmerle
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alexandros Koutsioubas
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kirill Kovalev
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38000 Grenoble, France; Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7), Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich, Germany; Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; Jülich Centre for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich, Germany; Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141071, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Russia; Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, 52066, Jägerstraße 17-19, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jean-Marie Teulon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pellequer
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean Daillant
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Charitat
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UPR 22, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Giovanna Fragneto
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 av.des Martyrs, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
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22
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Michalak DJ, Lösche M, Hoogerheide DP. Charge Effects Provide Ångström-Level Control of Lipid Bilayer Morphology on Titanium Dioxide Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3970-3981. [PMID: 33761262 PMCID: PMC10995910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces between molecular organic architectures and oxidic substrates are a central feature of biosensors and applications of biomimetics in science and technology. For phospholipid bilayers, the large range of pH- and ionic strength-dependent surface charge densities adopted by titanium dioxide and other oxidic surfaces leads to a rich landscape of phenomena that provides exquisite control of membrane interactions with such substrates. Using neutron reflectometry measurements, we report sharp, reversible transitions that occur between closely surface-associated and weakly coupled states. We show that these states arise from a complex interplay of the tunable length scale of electrostatic interactions with the length scale arising from other forces that are independent of solution conditions. A generalized free energy potential, with its inputs only derived from established measurements of surface and bilayer properties, quantitatively describes these and previously reported observations concerning the unbinding of bilayers from supporting substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Michalak
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mathias Lösche
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - David P Hoogerheide
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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23
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Rondelli V, Salmona M, Colombo L, Fragneto G, Fadda GC, Cantu’ L, Del Favero E. Aβ Beyond the AD Pathology: Exploring the Structural Response of Membranes Exposed to Nascent Aβ Peptide. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218295. [PMID: 33167440 PMCID: PMC7663943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological and pathological roles of nascent amyloid beta (Aβ) monomers are still debated in the literature. Their involvement in the pathological route of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is currently considered to be the most relevant, triggered by their aggregation into structured oligomers, a toxic species. Recently, it has been suggested that nascent Aβ, out of the amyloidogenic pathway, plays a physiological and protective role, especially in the brain. In this emerging perspective, the study presented in this paper investigated whether the organization of model membranes is affected by contact with Aβ in the nascent state, as monomers. The outcome is that, notably, the rules of engagement and the resulting structural outcome are dictated by the composition and properties of the membrane, rather than by the Aβ variant. Interestingly, Aβ monomers are observed to favor the tightening of adjacent complex membranes, thereby affecting a basic structural event for cell-cell adhesion and cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rondelli
- Department Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università of Milano, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy; (V.R.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, 20156 Milano, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (L.C.); Tel.: +39-02-3901-4447 (M.S.); +39-02-5033-0362 (L.C.)
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri, 2, 20156 Milano, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Fragneto
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 156, 38000 Grenoble CEDEX, France;
| | - Giulia C. Fadda
- CSPBAT UMR 7244, UFR SMBH, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 74 rue Marcel Cauchin, 93017 Bobigny, France;
- Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Laura Cantu’
- Department Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università of Milano, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy; (V.R.); (E.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (L.C.); Tel.: +39-02-3901-4447 (M.S.); +39-02-5033-0362 (L.C.)
| | - Elena Del Favero
- Department Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università of Milano, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy; (V.R.); (E.D.F.)
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24
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Redondo-Morata L, Losada-Pérez P, Giannotti MI. Lipid bilayers: Phase behavior and nanomechanics. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2020; 86:1-55. [PMID: 33837691 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipid membranes are involved in many physiological processes like recognition, signaling, fusion or remodeling of the cell membrane or some of its internal compartments. Within the cell, they are the ultimate barrier, while maintaining the fluidity or flexibility required for a myriad of processes, including membrane protein assembly. The physical properties of in vitro model membranes as model cell membranes have been extensively studied with a variety of techniques, from classical thermodynamics to advanced modern microscopies. Here we review the nanomechanics of solid-supported lipid membranes with a focus in their phase behavior. Relevant information obtained by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) as complementary techniques in the nano/mesoscale interface is presented. Membrane morphological and mechanical characterization will be discussed in the framework of its phase behavior, phase transitions and coexistence, in simple and complex models, and upon the presence of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Redondo-Morata
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
| | - Patricia Losada-Pérez
- Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST) Group, Department of Physics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marina Inés Giannotti
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Benedetti F, Fu L, Thalmann F, Charitat T, Rubin A, Loison C. Coarse-Grain Simulations of Solid Supported Lipid Bilayers with Varying Hydration Levels. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8287-8298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Benedetti
- Institut Lumière Matière, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Li Fu
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Fabrice Thalmann
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Thierry Charitat
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Anne Rubin
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Claire Loison
- Institut Lumière Matière, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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Abstract
Over the last 10 years, neutron reflectometry (NR) has emerged as a powerful technique for the investigation of biologically relevant thin films. The great advantage of NR with respect to many other surface-sensitive techniques is its sub-nanometer resolution that enables structural characterizations at the molecular level. In the case of bio-relevant samples, NR is non-destructive and can be used to probe thin films at buried interfaces or enclosed in bulky sample environment equipment. Moreover, recent advances in biomolecular deutera-tion enabled new labeling strategies to highlight certain structural features and to resolve with better accuracy the location of chemically similar molecules within a thin film.
In this chapter I will describe some applications of NR to bio-relevant samples and discuss some of the data analysis approaches available for biological thin films. In particular, examples on the structural characterization of biomembranes, protein films and protein-lipid interactions will be described.
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27
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Gerelli Y, Eriksson Skog A, Jephthah S, Welbourn RJL, Klechikov A, Skepö M. Spontaneous Formation of Cushioned Model Membranes Promoted by an Intrinsically Disordered Protein. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3997-4004. [PMID: 32212610 PMCID: PMC7311080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article, it is shown that by exposing commonly used lipids for biomembrane mimicking studies, to a solution containing the histidine-rich intrinsically disordered protein histatin 5, a protein cushion spontaneously forms underneath the bilayer. The underlying mechanism is attributed to have an electrostatic origin, and it is hypothesized that the observed behavior is due to proton charge fluctuations promoting attractive electrostatic interactions between the positively charged proteins and the anionic surfaces, with concomitant counterion release. Hence, we anticipate that this novel "green" approach of forming cushioned bilayers can be an important tool to mimic the cell membrane without the disturbance of the solid substrate, thereby achieving a further understanding of protein-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Gerelli
- Partnership
for Soft Condensed Matter, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic
University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Amanda Eriksson Skog
- Partnership
for Soft Condensed Matter, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Jephthah
- Partnership
for Soft Condensed Matter, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Rebecca J. L. Welbourn
- ISIS
Pulsed Neutron Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, STFC, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Alexey Klechikov
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Skepö
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- LINXS—Lund
Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science, Scheelevägen 19, SE-233 70 Lund, Sweden
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28
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Sarkis J, Vié V. Biomimetic Models to Investigate Membrane Biophysics Affecting Lipid-Protein Interaction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:270. [PMID: 32373596 PMCID: PMC7179690 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes are highly dynamic in their ability to orchestrate vital mechanisms including cellular protection, organelle compartmentalization, cellular biomechanics, nutrient transport, molecular/enzymatic recognition, and membrane fusion. Controlling lipid composition of different membranes allows cells to regulate their membrane characteristics, thus modifying their physical properties to permit specific protein interactions and drive structural function (membrane deformation facilitates vesicle budding and fusion) and signal transduction. Yet, how lipids control protein structure and function is still poorly understood and needs systematic investigation. In this review, we explore different in vitro membrane models and summarize our current understanding of the interplay between membrane biophysical properties and lipid-protein interaction, taken as example few proteins involved in muscular activity (dystrophin), digestion and Legionella pneumophila effector protein DrrA. The monolayer model with its movable barriers aims to mimic any membrane deformation while surface pressure modulation imitates lipid packing and membrane curvature changes. It is frequently used to investigate peripheral protein binding to the lipid headgroups. Examples of how lipid lateral pressure modifies protein interaction and organization within the membrane are presented using various biophysical techniques. Interestingly, the shear elasticity and surface viscosity of the monolayer will increase upon specific protein(s) binding, supporting the importance of such mechanical link for membrane stability. The lipid bilayer models such as vesicles are not only used to investigate direct protein binding based on the lipid nature, but more importantly to assess how local membrane curvature (vesicles with different size) influence the binding properties of a protein. Also, supported lipid bilayer model has been used widely to characterize diffusion law of lipids within the bilayer and/or protein/biomolecule binding and diffusion on the membrane. These membrane models continue to elucidate important advances regarding the dynamic properties harmonizing lipid-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Sarkis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR-UMR 6251, Rennes, France
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29
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Mukhina T, Hemmerle A, Rondelli V, Gerelli Y, Fragneto G, Daillant J, Charitat T. Attractive Interaction between Fully Charged Lipid Bilayers in a Strongly Confined Geometry. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7195-7199. [PMID: 31679335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the interaction between highly charged lipid bilayers in the presence of monovalent counterions. Neutron and X-ray reflectivity experiments show that the water layer between like-charged bilayers is thinner than for zwitterionic lipids, demonstrating the existence of counterintuitive electrostatic attractive interaction between them. Such attraction can be explained by taking into account the correlations between counterions within the Strong Coupling limit, which falls beyond the classical Poisson-Boltzmann theory of electrostatics. Our results show the limit of the Strong Coupling continuous theory in a highly confined geometry and are in agreement with a decrease in the water dielectric constant due to a surface charge-induced orientation of water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Mukhina
- UPR 22/CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron , Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047 , 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 71 av. des Martyrs, BP 156 , 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Hemmerle
- UPR 22/CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron , Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047 , 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Valeria Rondelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale , Universitá degli Studi di Milano , LITA, Via F.lli Cervi 93 , 20090 Segrate , Italy
| | - Yuri Gerelli
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 71 av. des Martyrs, BP 156 , 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Giovanna Fragneto
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 71 av. des Martyrs, BP 156 , 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Jean Daillant
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , L'Orme des Merisiers , Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Charitat
- UPR 22/CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron , Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047 , 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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30
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Sadhu RK, Chatterjee S. Interplay between surface and bending energy helps membrane protrusion formation. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:020401. [PMID: 31574594 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We consider a one-dimensional elastic membrane, which is pushed by growing filaments. The filaments tend to grow by creating local protrusions in the membrane and this process has surface energy and bending energy costs. Although it is expected that with increasing surface tension and bending rigidity, it should become more difficult to create a protrusion, we find that for a fixed bending rigidity, as the surface tension increases, protrusions are more easily formed. This effect also gives rise to nontrivial dependence of membrane velocity on the surface tension, characterized by a dip and a peak. We explain this unusual phenomenon by studying in detail the interplay of the surface and the bending energy and show that this interplay is responsible for a qualitative shape change of the membrane, which gives rise to the above effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Sadhu
- Department of Theoretical Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Sakuntala Chatterjee
- Department of Theoretical Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
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31
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Et-Thakafy O, Guyomarc'h F, Lopez C. Young modulus of supported lipid membranes containing milk sphingomyelin in the gel, fluid or liquid-ordered phase, determined using AFM force spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:1523-1532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Hofmann MJ, Leontidis E, Motschmann H. The influence of lanthanide-(III)-nitrates on adsorbed monolayers of dodecylphosphorylcholine at the air-water interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 548:217-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Combining scattering and computer simulation for the study of biomolecular soft interfaces. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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34
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Gumí-Audenis B, Costa L, Ferrer-Tasies L, Ratera I, Ventosa N, Sanz F, Giannotti MI. Pulling lipid tubes from supported bilayers unveils the underlying substrate contribution to the membrane mechanics. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14763-14770. [PMID: 30043793 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03249a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell processes like endocytosis, membrane resealing, signaling and transcription involve conformational changes which depend on the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of the lipid membrane. The better understanding of the mechanical role of lipids in cell membrane force-triggered and sensing mechanisms has recently become the focus of attention. Different membrane models and experimental methodologies are commonly explored. While general approaches involve controlled vesicle deformation using micropipettes or optical tweezers, due to the local and dynamic nature of the membrane, high spatial resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been widely used to study the mechanical compression and indentation of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). However, the substrate contribution remains unkown. Here, we demonstrate how pulling lipid tubes with an AFM out of model SLBs can be used to assess the nanomechanics of SLBs through the evaluation of the tube growing force (Ftube), allowing for very local evaluation with high spatial and force resolution of the lipid membrane tension. We first validate this approach to determine the contribution of different phospholipids, by varying the membrane composition, in both one-component and phase-segregated membranes. Finally, we successfully assess the contribution of the underlying substrate to the membrane mechanics, demonstrating that SLB models may represent an intermediate scenario between a free membrane (blebs) and a cytoskeleton supported membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Gumí-Audenis
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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35
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Rondelli V, Del Favero E, Brocca P, Fragneto G, Trapp M, Mauri L, Ciampa M, Romani G, Braun C, Winterstein L, Schroeder I, Thiel G, Moroni A, Cantu' L. Directional K+ channel insertion in a single phospholipid bilayer: Neutron reflectometry and electrophysiology in the joint exploration of a model membrane functional platform. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1742-1750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Nikoofard N, Maghsoodi F. Dynamic stability of nano-fibers self-assembled from short amphiphilic A 6D peptides. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:134903. [PMID: 29626855 DOI: 10.1063/1.5019766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of A6D amphiphilic peptides in explicit water is studied by using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. It is observed that the self-assembly of randomly distributed A6D peptides leads to the formation of a network of nano-fibers. Two other simulations with cylindrical nano-fibers as the initial configuration show the dynamic stability of the self-assembled nano-fibers. As a striking feature, notable fluctuations occur along the axes of the nano-fibers. Depending on the number of peptides per unit length of the nano-fiber, flat-shaped bulges or spiral shapes along the nano-fiber axis are observed at the fluctuations. Analysis of the particle distribution around the nano-fiber indicates that the hydrophobic core and the hydrophilic shell of the nano-structure are preserved in both simulations. The size of the deformations and their correlation times are different in the two simulations. This study gives new insights into the dynamics of the self-assembled nano-structures of short amphiphilic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Nikoofard
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan 51167-87317, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Maghsoodi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan 51167-87317, Iran
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37
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Gumí-Audenis B, Costa L, Redondo-Morata L, Milhiet PE, Sanz F, Felici R, Giannotti MI, Carlà F. In-plane molecular organization of hydrated single lipid bilayers: DPPC:cholesterol. NANOSCALE 2017; 10:87-92. [PMID: 29210438 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07510c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physical properties of cholesterol-phospholipid systems is essential to gain a better knowledge of the function of each membrane constituent. We present a novel, simple and user-friendly setup that allows for the straightforward grazing incidence X-ray diffraction characterization of hydrated individual supported lipid bilayers. This configuration minimizes the scattering from the liquid and allows the detection of the extremely weak diffracted signal of the membrane, enabling the differentiation of the coexisting domains in DPPC:cholesterol single bilayers.
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38
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Membrane restructuring following in situ sialidase digestion of gangliosides: Complex model bilayers by synchrotron radiation reflectivity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:845-851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Khadem SMJ, Sokolov IM. Nonscaling displacement distributions as may be seen in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:052139. [PMID: 28618639 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.052139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A continuous time random walk (CTRW) model with waiting times following the Lévy-stable distribution with exponential cutoff in equilibrium is a simple theoretical model giving rise to normal, yet non-Gaussian, diffusion. The distribution of the particles' displacements is explicitly time dependent and does not scale. Since fluorescent correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is often used to investigate diffusion processes, we discuss the influence of this lack of scaling on the possible outcome of the FCS measurements and calculate the FCS autocorrelation curves for such equilibrated CTRWs. The results show that although the deviations from Gaussian behavior may be detected when analyzing the short- and long-time asymptotic behavior of the corresponding curves, their bodies are still perfectly fitted by the fit forms used for normal diffusion. The diffusion coefficients obtained from the fits may however differ considerably from the true tracer diffusion coefficients as describing the time dependence of the mean squared displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M J Khadem
- Institute of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany and School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA) Albert-Einstein-Strasse 5-9, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - I M Sokolov
- Institute of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany and School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA) Albert-Einstein-Strasse 5-9, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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40
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Le Goff T, To TBT, Pierre-Louis O. Thixotropy and shear thinning of lubricated contacts with confined membranes. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2017; 40:44. [PMID: 28389826 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2017-11532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have modeled the nonlinear dynamics and the rheological behavior of a system under shear containing a membrane confined between two attractive walls. The presence of the membrane induces additional tangential forces on the walls that always increase the global friction. At low shear rates, the membrane exhibits chaotic dynamics with slow coarsening leading to thixotropy, i.e. to a slow decrease of the membrane-induced tangential forces on the walls. At intermediate shear rates, the membrane profile presents stationary periodic patterns. At higher shear rates, membrane dynamics are governed by a nonlinear evolution equation which is similar to the Kuramoto-Sivashinski equation, but with a sixth-order stabilizing term. The membrane experiences chaotic dynamics without coarsening. As a consequence of the nonlinear dynamics of the membrane at intermediate and large shear rates, the system exhibits shear thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Le Goff
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tung B T To
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Pierre-Louis
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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41
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Bhattacharya G, Giri RP, Saxena H, Agrawal VV, Gupta A, Mukhopadhyay MK, Ghosh SK. X-ray Reflectivity Study of the Interaction of an Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid with a Soft Supported Lipid Membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1295-1304. [PMID: 28092704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are important for their antimicrobial activity and are found to be toxic to some microorganisms. To shed light on the mechanism of their activities, the interaction of an imidazolium-based IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrfluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]) with E. coli bacteria and cell-membrane-mimicking lipid mono- and bilayers has been studied. The survival of the bacteria and corresponding growth inhibition are observed to be functions of the concentration of the IL. The IL alters the pressure-area isotherm of the monolayer formed at an air-water interface by the 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid. The in-plane elasticity of the lipid layer is reduced as a consequence of the insertion of this IL. The X-ray reflectivity study from a polymer-supported lipid bilayer shows strong perturbation in the self-assembled structure of the bilayer due to the interaction. As a consequence, there is a considerable decrease in bilayer thickness and a corresponding increase in electron density. These results, however, depend on the chain configurations of the lipid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R P Giri
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | | | - V V Agrawal
- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - M K Mukhopadhyay
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
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42
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Ruiz R, Wan L, Lopez R, Albrecht TR. Line Roughness in Lamellae-Forming Block Copolymer Films. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ruiz
- HGST,
a Western
Digital Company, San Jose, California 95135, United States
| | - Lei Wan
- HGST,
a Western
Digital Company, San Jose, California 95135, United States
| | - Rene Lopez
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas R. Albrecht
- HGST,
a Western
Digital Company, San Jose, California 95135, United States
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43
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The Molecular Structure of Human Red Blood Cell Membranes from Highly Oriented, Solid Supported Multi-Lamellar Membranes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39661. [PMID: 28045119 PMCID: PMC5206716 DOI: 10.1038/srep39661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We prepared highly oriented, multi-lamellar stacks of human red blood cell (RBC) membranes applied on silicon wafers. RBC ghosts were prepared by hemolysis and applied onto functionalized silicon chips and annealed into multi-lamellar RBC membranes. High resolution X-ray diffraction was used to determine the molecular structure of the stacked membranes. We present direct experimental evidence that these RBC membranes consist of nanometer sized domains of integral coiled-coil peptides, as well as liquid ordered (lo) and liquid disordered (ld) lipids. Lamellar spacings, membrane and hydration water layer thicknesses, areas per lipid tail and domain sizes were determined. The common drug aspirin was added to the RBC membranes and found to interact with RBC membranes and preferably partition in the head group region of the lo domain leading to a fluidification of the membranes, i.e., a thinning of the bilayers and an increase in lipid tail spacing. Our results further support current models of RBC membranes as patchy structures and provide unprecedented structural details of the molecular organization in the different domains.
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44
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Hughes AV, Ciesielski F, Kalli AC, Clifton LA, Charlton TR, Sansom MSP, Webster JRP. On the interpretation of reflectivity data from lipid bilayers in terms of molecular-dynamics models. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 72:1227-1240. [PMID: 27917824 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798316016235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutron and X-ray reflectivity of model membranes is increasingly used as a tool for the study of membrane structures and dynamics. As the systems under study become more complex, and as long, all-atom molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of membranes become more available, there is increasing interest in the use of MD simulations in the analysis of reflectometry data from membranes. In order to perform this, it is necessary to produce a model of the complete interface, including not only the MD-derived structure of the membrane, but also the supporting substrate and any other interfacial layers that may be present. Here, it is shown that this is best performed by first producing a model of the occupied volume across the entire interface, and then converting this into a scattering length density (SLD) profile, rather than by splicing together the separate SLD profiles from the substrate layers and the membrane, since the latter approach can lead to discontinuities in the SLD profile and subsequent artefacts in the reflectivity calculation. It is also shown how the MD-derived membrane structure should be corrected to account for lower than optimal coverage and out-of-plane membrane fluctuations. Finally, the method of including the entire membrane structure in the reflectivity calculation is compared with an alternative approach in which the membrane components are approximated by functional forms, with only the component volumes being extracted from the simulation. It is shown that using only the fragment volumes is insufficient for a typical neutron data set of a single deuteration measured at several water contrasts, and that either weighting the model by including more structural information from the fit, or a larger data set involving a range of deuterations, are required to satisfactorily define the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwel V Hughes
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell OX11 0QX, England
| | - Fillip Ciesielski
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell OX11 0QX, England
| | - Antreas C Kalli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, England
| | - Luke A Clifton
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell OX11 0QX, England
| | - Timothy R Charlton
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell OX11 0QX, England
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, England
| | - John R P Webster
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell OX11 0QX, England
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45
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Koutsioubas A. Combined Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics and Neutron Reflectivity Characterization of Supported Lipid Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11474-11483. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Koutsioubas
- Jülich Centre for
Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Hazell G, Gee AP, Arnold T, Edler KJ, Lewis SE. Langmuir monolayers composed of single and double tail sulfobetaine lipids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 474:190-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Takechi-Haraya Y, Sakai-Kato K, Abe Y, Kawanishi T, Okuda H, Goda Y. Atomic Force Microscopic Analysis of the Effect of Lipid Composition on Liposome Membrane Rigidity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6074-6082. [PMID: 27232007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical rigidity of the liposome membrane is often defined by the membrane bending modulus and is one of the determinants of liposome stability, but the quantitative experimental data are still limited to a few kinds of liposomes. Here, we used atomic force microscopy to investigate the membrane bending moduli of liposomes by immobilizing them on bovine serum albumin-coated glass in aqueous medium. The following lipids were used for liposome preparation: egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane, cholesterol, and N-(carbonylmethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) 2000)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. By using liposomes of various compositions, we showed that the thermodynamic phase state of the membrane rather than the electric potential or liposome surface modification with poly(ethylene glycol) is the predominant determinant of the bending modulus, which decreased in the following order: solid ordered > liquid ordered > liquid disordered. By using the generalized polarization value of the Laurdan fluorescent probe, we investigated membrane rigidity in terms of membrane fluidity. Atomic force microscopic analysis was superior to the Laurdan method, especially in evaluating the membrane rigidity of liposomes containing hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Positively charged liposomes with a large bending modulus were taken up by cells more efficiently than those with a small bending modulus. These findings offer a quantitative method of analyzing the membrane rigidity of nanosized liposomes with different lipid compositions and will contribute to the control of liposome stability and cellular uptake efficiency of liposomal formulations intended for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takechi-Haraya
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences , 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Sakai-Kato
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences , 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Abe
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences , 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Kawanishi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Okuda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences , 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Hemmerle A, Fragneto G, Daillant J, Charitat T. Reduction in Tension and Stiffening of Lipid Membranes in an Electric Field Revealed by X-Ray Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:228101. [PMID: 27314739 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.228101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ac electric fields on the elasticity of supported lipid bilayers is investigated at the microscopic level using grazing incidence synchrotron x-ray scattering. A strong decrease in the membrane tension up to 1 mN/m and a dramatic increase of its effective rigidity up to 300 k_{B}T are observed for local electric potentials seen by the membrane ≲1 V. The experimental results are analyzed using detailed electrokinetic modeling and nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann theory. Based on a modeling of the electromagnetic stress, which provides an accurate description of the bilayer separation versus pressure curves, we show that the decrease in tension results from the amplification of charge fluctuations on the membrane surface whereas the increase in bending rigidity results from the direct interaction between charges in the electric double layer. These effects eventually lead to a destabilization of the bilayer and vesicle formation. Similar effects are expected at the tens of nanometers length scale in cell membranes with lower tension, and could explain a number of electrically driven processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Hemmerle
- UPR 22/CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Giovanna Fragneto
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Jean Daillant
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Charitat
- UPR 22/CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Gumí-Audenis B, Carlà F, Vitorino MV, Panzarella A, Porcar L, Boilot M, Guerber S, Bernard P, Rodrigues MS, Sanz F, Giannotti MI, Costa L. Custom AFM for X-ray beamlines: in situ biological investigations under physiological conditions. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:1364-71. [PMID: 26524300 PMCID: PMC4787838 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515016318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A fast atomic force microscope (AFM) has been developed that can be installed as a sample holder for grazing-incidence X-ray experiments at solid/gas or solid/liquid interfaces. It allows a wide range of possible investigations, including soft and biological samples under physiological conditions (hydrated specimens). The structural information obtained using the X-rays is combined with the data gathered with the AFM (morphology and mechanical properties), providing a unique characterization of the specimen and its dynamics in situ during an experiment. In this work, lipid monolayers and bilayers in air or liquid environment have been investigated by means of AFM, both with imaging and force spectroscopy, and X-ray reflectivity. In addition, this combination allows the radiation damage induced by the beam on the sample to be studied, as has been observed on DOPC and DPPC supported lipid bilayers under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Gumí-Audenis
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Physical Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Carlà
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - M. V. Vitorino
- University of Lisboa, Falculty of Science, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute – BIOISI, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - L. Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - P. Bernard
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - M. S. Rodrigues
- University of Lisboa, Falculty of Science, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute – BIOISI, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - F. Sanz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Physical Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. I. Giannotti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Physical Chemistry Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Costa
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
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