1
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Chesters RA, Zhu J, Coull BM, Baidoe-Ansah D, Baumer L, Palm L, Klinghammer N, Chen S, Hahm A, Yagoub S, Cantacorps L, Bernardi D, Ritter K, Lippert RN. Fasting-induced activity changes in MC3R neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402754. [PMID: 39107065 PMCID: PMC11303869 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain controls energy homeostasis by regulating food intake through signaling within the melanocortin system. Whilst we understand the role of the hypothalamus within this system, how extra-hypothalamic brain regions are involved in controlling energy balance remains unclear. Here we show that the melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R) is expressed in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT). We tested whether fasting would change the activity of MC3R neurons in this region by assessing the levels of c-Fos and pCREB as neuronal activity markers. We determined that overnight fasting causes a significant reduction in pCREB levels within PVT-MC3R neurons. We then questioned whether perturbation of MC3R signaling, during fasting, would result in altered refeeding. Using chemogenetic approaches, we show that modulation of MC3R activity, during the fasting period, does not impact body weight regain or total food intake in the refeeding period. However, we did observe significant differences in the pattern of feeding-related behavior. These findings suggest that the PVT is a region where MC3R neurons respond to energy deprivation and modulate refeeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Chesters
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition https://ror.org/05xdczy51, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition https://ror.org/05xdczy51, Nuthetal, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bethany M Coull
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition https://ror.org/05xdczy51, Nuthetal, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Baidoe-Ansah
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition https://ror.org/05xdczy51, Nuthetal, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Baumer
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition https://ror.org/05xdczy51, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lydia Palm
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition https://ror.org/05xdczy51, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Niklas Klinghammer
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition https://ror.org/05xdczy51, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Seve Chen
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition https://ror.org/05xdczy51, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anneke Hahm
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition https://ror.org/05xdczy51, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Selma Yagoub
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition https://ror.org/05xdczy51, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lídia Cantacorps
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition https://ror.org/05xdczy51, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition https://ror.org/05xdczy51, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Katrin Ritter
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition https://ror.org/05xdczy51, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Rachel N Lippert
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition https://ror.org/05xdczy51, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Abe K. Dynamic activity changes in transcription factors: Unlocking the mechanisms regulating physiological changes in the brain. Neurosci Res 2024:S0168-0102(24)00101-9. [PMID: 39134224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate the establishment and modulation of the transcriptome within cells, thereby playing a crucial role in various aspects of cellular physiology throughout the body. Quantitative measurement of TF activity during the development, function, and dysfunction of the brain is essential for gaining a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing gene expression during these processes. Due to their role as regulators of gene expression, assessing and modulating detailed TF activity contributes to the development of practical methods to intervene in these processes, potentially offering more efficient treatments for diseases. Recent methodologies have revealed that TF activity is dynamically regulated within cells and organisms, including the adult brain. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of TF activities and the methodologies used to assess them, emphasizing their importance in both fundamental research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Abe
- Lab of Brain Development, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan; Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of the Organization for Advanced Studies, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
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3
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Huang F, Zhang F, Huang L, Zhu X, Huang C, Li N, Da Q, Huang Y, Yang H, Wang H, Zhao L, Lin Q, Chen Z, Xu J, Liu J, Ren M, Wang Y, Han Z, Ouyang K. Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors Regulate Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointima Formation in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034203. [PMID: 39023067 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is involved in many types of arterial diseases, including neointima hyperplasia, in which Ca2+ has been recognized as a key player. However, the physiological role of Ca2+ release via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) from endoplasmic reticulum in regulating VSMC proliferation has not been well determined. METHODS AND RESULTS Both in vitro cell culture models and in vivo mouse models were generated to investigate the role of IP3Rs in regulating VSMC proliferation. Expression of all 3 IP3R subtypes was increased in cultured VSMCs upon platelet-derived growth factor-BB and FBS stimulation as well as in the left carotid artery undergoing intimal thickening after vascular occlusion. Genetic ablation of all 3 IP3R subtypes abolished endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in cultured VSMCs, significantly reduced cell proliferation induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB and FBS stimulation, and also decreased cell migration of VSMCs. Furthermore, smooth muscle-specific deletion of all IP3R subtypes in adult mice dramatically attenuated neointima formation induced by left carotid artery ligation, accompanied by significant decreases in cell proliferation and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in injured vessels. Mechanistically, IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release may activate cAMP response element-binding protein, a key player in controlling VSMC proliferation, via Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and Akt. Loss of IP3Rs suppressed cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation at Ser133 in both cultured VSMCs and injured vessels, whereas application of Ca2+ permeable ionophore, ionomycin, can reverse cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in IP3R triple knockout VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated an essential role of IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum in regulating cAMP response element-binding protein activation, VSMC proliferation, and neointima formation in mouse arteries.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Mice
- Becaplermin/pharmacology
- Becaplermin/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
- Endoplasmic Reticulum/pathology
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Xiangbin Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Can Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Qingen Da
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Huihua Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Hong Wang
- Central Laboratory Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Zee Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Mingming Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology Qingdao Municipal Hospital Qingdao China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China
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4
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Peart LA, Draper M, Tarasov AI. The impact of GLP-1 signalling on the energy metabolism of pancreatic islet β-cells and extrapancreatic tissues. Peptides 2024; 178:171243. [PMID: 38788902 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 signalling impacts glucose homeostasis and appetite thereby indirectly affecting substrate availability at the whole-body level. The incretin canonically produces an insulinotropic effect, thereby lowering blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake and inhibiting the production of the sugar by peripheral tissues. Likewise, GLP-1 signalling within the central nervous system reduces the appetite and food intake, whereas its gastric effect delays the absorption of nutrients, thus improving glycaemic control and reducing the risk of postprandial hyperglycaemia. We review the molecular aspects of the GLP-1 signalling, focusing on its impact on intracellular energy metabolism. Whilst the incretin exerts its effects predominantly via a Gs receptor, which decodes the incretin signal into the elevation of intracellular cAMP levels, the downstream signalling cascades within the cell, acting on fast and slow timescales, resulting in an enhancement or an attenuation of glucose catabolism, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Peart
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Matthew Draper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.
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5
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Kim JW, Yong AJH, Aisenberg EE, Lobel JH, Wang W, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Gao R, Jan YN, Bateup HS, Ingolia NT. Molecular recording of calcium signals via calcium-dependent proximity labeling. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:894-905. [PMID: 38658655 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Calcium ions serve as key intracellular signals. Local, transient increases in calcium concentrations can activate calcium sensor proteins that in turn trigger downstream effectors. In neurons, calcium transients play a central role in regulating neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. However, it is challenging to capture the molecular events associated with these localized and ephemeral calcium signals. Here we present an engineered biotin ligase that generates permanent molecular traces in a calcium-dependent manner. The enzyme, calcium-dependent BioID (Cal-ID), biotinylates nearby proteins within minutes in response to elevated local calcium levels. The biotinylated proteins can be identified via mass spectrometry and visualized using microscopy. In neurons, Cal-ID labeling is triggered by neuronal activity, leading to prominent protein biotinylation that enables transcription-independent activity labeling in the brain. In summary, Cal-ID produces a biochemical record of calcium signals and neuronal activity with high spatial resolution and molecular specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wren Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adeline J H Yong
- Department of Physiology at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin E Aisenberg
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joseph H Lobel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruixuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen S Bateup
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas T Ingolia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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6
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Ge X, Weis K, Raetzman L. Glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 (GPHA2): A pituitary stem cell-expressed gene associated with NOTCH2 signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 586:112163. [PMID: 38246572 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
NOTCH2 is expressed in pituitary stem cells and is necessary for stem cell maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation. However, the pathways NOTCH2 engages to affect pituitary development remain unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that glycoprotein hormone subunit A2 (GPHA2), a corneal stem cell factor and ligand for the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), is downstream of NOTCH2 signaling. We found Gpha2 is expressed in quiescent pituitary stem cells by RNAscope in situ hybridization and scRNA seq. In Notch2 conditional knockout pituitaries, Gpha2 mRNA is reduced compared with control littermates. We then investigated the possible functions of GPHA2. Pituitaries treated with a GPHA2 peptide do not have a change in proliferation. However, in dissociated adult pituitary cells, GPHA2 increased pCREB expression and this induction was reversed by co-treatment with a TSHR inhibitor. These data suggest GPHA2 is a NOTCH2 related stem cell factor that activates TSHR signaling, potentially impacting pituitary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Ge
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Karen Weis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Lori Raetzman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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7
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Kim B, Kim JS, Youn B, Moon C. Dopamine depletion alters neuroplasticity-related signaling in the rat hippocampus. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:436-446. [PMID: 38125760 PMCID: PMC10732217 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2294308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) plays a significant role in regulating hippocampal function, particularly in modulating synaptic plasticity. Despite this, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in neuroplasticity-related signaling influenced by DA remains incomplete. This study aimed to elucidate the changes in the expression of key molecules related to hippocampal neuroplasticity following DA depletion in rats. To induce DA depletion, unilateral striatal infusions of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) were administered to adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The subsequent loss of nigrostriatal DAergic signaling in these 6-OHDA-lesioned rats was confirmed using an apomorphine-induced rotation test at 4 weeks post-infusion and by assessing the expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) through immunohistochemistry and western blotting at 7 weeks post-infusion. A decrease in DAergic signaling, evidenced by reduced TH-positive immunoreactivity, was also noted in the ipsilateral hippocampus of the lesioned rats. Interestingly, 6-OHDA infusion led to increased phosphorylation of pivotal hippocampal plasticity-related proteins, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), in the ipsilateral hippocampus 7 weeks following the infusion. To extend these findings, in vitro experiments were conducted on primary hippocampal neurons exposed to DA and/or the active D1/D2 DA receptor antagonist, flupentixol (Flux). DA inhibited the constitutive phosphorylation of ERK, Akt, GSK3, and CREB, while Flux restored these phosphorylation levels. Taken together, these findings indicate that DA depletion triggers an increase in plasticity-related signaling in the hippocampus, suggesting a possible compensatory mechanism that promotes activity-independent neuroplasticity following DA depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohye Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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8
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Sharma B, Koren DT, Ghosh S. Nitric oxide modulates NMDA receptor through a negative feedback mechanism and regulates the dynamical behavior of neuronal postsynaptic components. Biophys Chem 2023; 303:107114. [PMID: 37832215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be an important regulator of neurological processes in the central nervous system which acts directly on the presynaptic neuron and enhances the release of neurotransmitters like glutamate into the synaptic cleft. Calcium influx activates a cascade of biochemical reactions to influence the production of nitric oxide in the postsynaptic neuron. This has been modeled in the present work as a system of ordinary differential equations, to explore the dynamics of the interacting components and predict the dynamical behavior of the postsynaptic neuron. It has been hypothesized that nitric oxide modulates the NMDA receptor via a feedback mechanism and regulates the dynamic behavior of postsynaptic components. Results obtained by numerical analyses indicate that the biochemical system is stimulus-dependent and shows oscillations of calcium and other components within a limited range of concentration. Some of the parameters such as stimulus strength, extracellular calcium concentration, and rate of nitric oxide feedback are crucial for the dynamics of the components in the postsynaptic neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | | | - Subhendu Ghosh
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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9
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Ma H, Khaled HG, Wang X, Mandelberg NJ, Cohen SM, He X, Tsien RW. Excitation-transcription coupling, neuronal gene expression and synaptic plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:672-692. [PMID: 37773070 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Excitation-transcription coupling (E-TC) links synaptic and cellular activity to nuclear gene transcription. It is generally accepted that E-TC makes a crucial contribution to learning and memory through its role in underpinning long-lasting synaptic enhancement in late-phase long-term potentiation and has more recently been linked to late-phase long-term depression: both processes require de novo gene transcription, mRNA translation and protein synthesis. E-TC begins with the activation of glutamate-gated N-methyl-D-aspartate-type receptors and voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels at the membrane and culminates in the activation of transcription factors in the nucleus. These receptors and ion channels mediate E-TC through mechanisms that include long-range signalling from the synapse to the nucleus and local interactions within dendritic spines, among other possibilities. Growing experimental evidence links these E-TC mechanisms to late-phase long-term potentiation and learning and memory. These advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of E-TC mean that future efforts can focus on understanding its mesoscale functions and how it regulates neuronal network activity and behaviour in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Units for Emotion and Emotional Disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Houda G Khaled
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nataniel J Mandelberg
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xingzhi He
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Units for Emotion and Emotional Disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Richard W Tsien
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Cefis M, Chaney R, Wirtz J, Méloux A, Quirié A, Leger C, Prigent-Tessier A, Garnier P. Molecular mechanisms underlying physical exercise-induced brain BDNF overproduction. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1275924. [PMID: 37868812 PMCID: PMC10585026 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1275924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports that physical exercise (EX) is the most effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve brain health. EX prevents cognitive decline associated with age and decreases the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. These positive effects of EX can be attributed to an increase in neurogenesis and neuroplastic processes, leading to learning and memory improvement. At the molecular level, there is a solid consensus to involve the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as the crucial molecule for positive EX effects on the brain. However, even though EX incontestably leads to beneficial processes through BDNF expression, cellular sources and molecular mechanisms underlying EX-induced cerebral BDNF overproduction are still being elucidated. In this context, the present review offers a summary of the different molecular mechanisms involved in brain's response to EX, with a specific focus on BDNF. It aims to provide a cohesive overview of the three main mechanisms leading to EX-induced brain BDNF production: the neuronal-dependent overexpression, the elevation of cerebral blood flow (hemodynamic hypothesis), and the exerkine signaling emanating from peripheral tissues (humoral response). By shedding light on these intricate pathways, this review seeks to contribute to the ongoing elucidation of the relationship between EX and cerebral BDNF expression, offering valuable insights into the potential therapeutic implications for brain health enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cefis
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Remi Chaney
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Wirtz
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Méloux
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Aurore Quirié
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Clémence Leger
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Prigent-Tessier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Garnier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
- Département Génie Biologique, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Dijon, France
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11
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Karpova A, Samer S, Turacak R, Yuanxiang P, Kreutz MR. Integration of nuclear Ca 2+ transients and subnuclear protein shuttling provides a novel mechanism for the regulation of CREB-dependent gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:228. [PMID: 37491479 PMCID: PMC10368568 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Ca2+ waves elicited by NMDAR and L-type voltage-gated Ca2+-channels as well as protein transport from synapse-to-nucleus are both instrumental in control of plasticity-related gene expression. At present it is not known whether fast [Ca2+]n transients converge in the nucleus with signaling of synapto-nuclear protein messenger. Jacob is a protein that translocate a signalosome from N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) to the nucleus and that docks this signalosome to the transcription factor CREB. Here we show that the residing time of Jacob in the nucleoplasm strictly correlates with nuclear [Ca2+]n transients elicited by neuronal activity. A steep increase in [Ca2+]n induces instantaneous uncoupling of Jacob from LaminB1 at the nuclear lamina and promotes the association with the transcription factor cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) in hippocampal neurons. The size of the Jacob pool at the nuclear lamina is controlled by previous activity-dependent nuclear import, and thereby captures the previous history of NMDAR-induced nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Moreover, the localization of Jacob at the nuclear lamina strongly correlates with synaptic activity and [Ca2+]n waves reflecting ongoing neuronal activity. In consequence, the resulting extension of the nuclear residing time of Jacob amplifies the capacity of the Jacob signalosome to regulate CREB-dependent gene expression and will, thereby, compensate for the relatively small number of molecules reaching the nucleus from individual synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karpova
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Samer
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rabia Turacak
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - PingAn Yuanxiang
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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Yu SP, Jiang MQ, Shim SS, Pourkhodadad S, Wei L. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in acute and chronic excitotoxicity: implications for preventive treatments of ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:43. [PMID: 37400870 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) are risk factors for each other; the comorbidity of these brain disorders in aging individuals represents a significant challenge in basic research and clinical practice. The similarities and differences between stroke and AD in terms of pathogenesis and pathophysiology, however, have rarely been comparably reviewed. Here, we discuss the research background and recent progresses that are important and informative for the comorbidity of stroke and late-onset AD and related dementia (ADRD). Glutamatergic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activity and NMDAR-mediated Ca2+ influx are essential for neuronal function and cell survival. An ischemic insult, however, can cause rapid increases in glutamate concentration and excessive activation of NMDARs, leading to swift Ca2+ overload in neuronal cells and acute excitotoxicity within hours and days. On the other hand, mild upregulation of NMDAR activity, commonly seen in AD animal models and patients, is not immediately cytotoxic. Sustained NMDAR hyperactivity and Ca2+ dysregulation lasting from months to years, nevertheless, can be pathogenic for slowly evolving events, i.e. degenerative excitotoxicity, in the development of AD/ADRD. Specifically, Ca2+ influx mediated by extrasynaptic NMDARs (eNMDARs) and a downstream pathway mediated by transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member (TRPM) are primarily responsible for excitotoxicity. On the other hand, the NMDAR subunit GluN3A plays a "gatekeeper" role in NMDAR activity and a neuroprotective role against both acute and chronic excitotoxicity. Thus, ischemic stroke and AD share an NMDAR- and Ca2+-mediated pathogenic mechanism that provides a common receptor target for preventive and possibly disease-modifying therapies. Memantine (MEM) preferentially blocks eNMDARs and was approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for symptomatic treatment of moderate-to-severe AD with variable efficacy. According to the pathogenic role of eNMDARs, it is conceivable that MEM and other eNMDAR antagonists should be administered much earlier, preferably during the presymptomatic phases of AD/ADRD. This anti-AD treatment could simultaneously serve as a preconditioning strategy against stroke that attacks ≥ 50% of AD patients. Future research on the regulation of NMDARs, enduring control of eNMDARs, Ca2+ homeostasis, and downstream events will provide a promising opportunity to understand and treat the comorbidity of AD/ADRD and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan P Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.
| | - Michael Q Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Seong S Shim
- Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Soheila Pourkhodadad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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13
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Harris MP, Zeng S, Zhu Z, Lira VA, Yu L, Hodgson-Zingman DM, Zingman LV. Myokine Musclin Is Critical for Exercise-Induced Cardiac Conditioning. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6525. [PMID: 37047496 PMCID: PMC10095193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the role and mechanisms by which the myokine musclin promotes exercise-induced cardiac conditioning. Exercise is one of the most powerful triggers of cardiac conditioning with proven benefits for healthy and diseased hearts. There is an emerging understanding that muscles produce and secrete myokines, which mediate local and systemic "crosstalk" to promote exercise tolerance and overall health, including cardiac conditioning. The myokine musclin, highly conserved across animal species, has been shown to be upregulated in response to physical activity. However, musclin effects on exercise-induced cardiac conditioning are not established. Following completion of a treadmill exercise protocol, wild type (WT) mice and mice with disruption of the musclin-encoding gene, Ostn, had their hearts extracted and exposed to an ex vivo ischemia-reperfusion protocol or biochemical studies. Disruption of musclin signaling abolished the ability of exercise to mitigate cardiac ischemic injury. This impaired cardioprotection was associated with reduced mitochondrial content and function linked to blunted cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling. Genetic deletion of musclin reduced the nuclear abundance of protein kinase G (PKGI) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding (CREB), resulting in suppression of the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), and its downstream targets in response to physical activity. Synthetic musclin peptide pharmacokinetic parameters were defined and used to calculate the infusion rate necessary to maintain its plasma level comparable to that observed after exercise. This infusion was found to reproduce the cardioprotective benefits of exercise in sedentary WT and Ostn-KO mice. Musclin is essential for exercise-induced cardiac protection. Boosting musclin signaling might serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Center, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Shemin Zeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Center, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Center, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Vitor A. Lira
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Liping Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Center, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- NMR Core Facility and Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Denice M. Hodgson-Zingman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Center, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Leonid V. Zingman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Center, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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14
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Sanderson JL, Freund RK, Castano AM, Benke TA, Dell'Acqua ML. The Ca V1.2 G406R mutation decreases synaptic inhibition and alters L-type Ca 2+ channel-dependent LTP at hippocampal synapses in a mouse model of Timothy Syndrome. Neuropharmacology 2022; 220:109271. [PMID: 36162529 PMCID: PMC9644825 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alterations in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) frequently disrupt balance between synaptic excitation and inhibition and alter plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region. Individuals with Timothy Syndrome (TS), a genetic disorder caused by CaV1.2 L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) gain-of function mutations, such as G406R, exhibit social deficits, repetitive behaviors, and cognitive impairments characteristic of ASD that are phenocopied in TS2-neo mice expressing G406R. Here, we characterized hippocampal CA1 synaptic function in male TS2-neo mice and found basal excitatory transmission was slightly increased and inhibitory transmission strongly decreased. We also found distinct impacts on two LTCC-dependent forms of long-term potentiation (LTP) synaptic plasticity that were not readily consistent with LTCC gain-of-function. LTP induced by high-frequency stimulation (HFS) was strongly impaired in TS2-neo mice, suggesting decreased LTCC function. Yet, CaV1.2 expression, basal phosphorylation, and current density were similar for WT and TS2-neo. However, this HFS-LTP also required GABAA receptor activity, and thus may be impaired in TS2-neo due to decreased inhibitory transmission. In contrast, LTP induced in WT mice by prolonged theta-train (PTT) stimulation in the presence of a β-adrenergic receptor agonist to increase CaV1.2 phosphorylation was partially induced in TS2-neo mice by PTT stimulation alone, consistent with increased LTCC function. Overall, our findings provide insights regarding how altered CaV1.2 channel function disrupts basal transmission and plasticity that could be relevant for neurobehavioral alterations in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Sanderson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Mail Stop 8303, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ronald K Freund
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Mail Stop 8303, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Anna M Castano
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Mail Stop 8303, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Timothy A Benke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Mail Stop 8303, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Mail Stop 8303, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Mail Stop 8303, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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15
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Di Gregorio E, Israel S, Staelens M, Tankel G, Shankar K, Tuszyński JA. The distinguishing electrical properties of cancer cells. Phys Life Rev 2022; 43:139-188. [PMID: 36265200 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, medical research has been primarily focused on the inherited aspect of cancers, despite the reality that only 5-10% of tumours discovered are derived from genetic causes. Cancer is a broad term, and therefore it is inaccurate to address it as a purely genetic disease. Understanding cancer cells' behaviour is the first step in countering them. Behind the scenes, there is a complicated network of environmental factors, DNA errors, metabolic shifts, and electrostatic alterations that build over time and lead to the illness's development. This latter aspect has been analyzed in previous studies, but how the different electrical changes integrate and affect each other is rarely examined. Every cell in the human body possesses electrical properties that are essential for proper behaviour both within and outside of the cell itself. It is not yet clear whether these changes correlate with cell mutation in cancer cells, or only with their subsequent development. Either way, these aspects merit further investigation, especially with regards to their causes and consequences. Trying to block changes at various levels of occurrence or assisting in their prevention could be the key to stopping cells from becoming cancerous. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge regarding the electrical landscape of cells is much needed. We review four essential electrical characteristics of cells, providing a deep understanding of the electrostatic changes in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. In particular, we provide an overview of intracellular and extracellular pH modifications, differences in ionic concentrations in the cytoplasm, transmembrane potential variations, and changes within mitochondria. New therapies targeting or exploiting the electrical properties of cells are developed and tested every year, such as pH-dependent carriers and tumour-treating fields. A brief section regarding the state-of-the-art of these therapies can be found at the end of this review. Finally, we highlight how these alterations integrate and potentially yield indications of cells' malignancy or metastatic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Simone Israel
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Michael Staelens
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Gabriella Tankel
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, AB, Canada
| | - Jack A Tuszyński
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, AB, Canada.
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16
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Wesolowski LT, Semanchik PL, White-Springer SH. Beyond antioxidants: Selenium and skeletal muscle mitochondria. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1011159. [PMID: 36532343 PMCID: PMC9751202 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The element, Selenium (Se), has an essential nutritive and biological role as a trace mineral known primarily for its vital antioxidant functions as a constituent of the selenoenzyme, glutathione peroxidase. However, Se also has a much more global biological impact beyond antioxidant function. The objective of this review is to present an overview of prior research on the extra-antioxidant effects of Se with a key focus on skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics. Cognizance of these additional functions of Se is requisite when formulating and recommending dietary supplementation of Se in humans or animals. Chief amongst its myriad of biological contributions, Se influences mitochondrial capacity and function and, subsequently, muscular health. Dietary Se supplementation has been shown to increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density and within some cell lines, Se treatment increases mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory capacity. In addition, the selenoproteins H, N, W, and O and deiodinases exhibit varying effects on mitochondrial and/or skeletal muscle function. Selenoprotein H enhances mitochondrial biogenesis whereas selenoproteins N and W appear to influence muscle calcium homeostasis which impacts mitochondrial function. Moreover, selenoprotein O's intramitochondrial residence facilitates Se's redox function. Deiodinases regulate thyroid hormone activation which impacts muscle cell regeneration, metabolism, and reactive oxygen species production. Although the precise relationships between dietary Se and skeletal muscle mitochondria remain unclear, previous research constitutes a firm foundation that portends promising new discoveries by future investigations.
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17
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Estrogen as a key regulator of energy homeostasis and metabolic health. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Espasandín C, Rivero S, Bengoa L, Cal K, Romanelli G, Benech JC, Damián JP. CaMKIV/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway expression in prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice with anxious-like behavior. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2687-2699. [PMID: 35984483 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) tend to manifest anxiety and depression, which could be related to changes in the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV), transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in different brain regions. The objective of this study was to determine whether mice with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) induced with streptozotocin show a profile of anxious-type behaviors and alterations in the expression/activity of CaMKIV, CREB, pCREB and BDNF in different regions of the brain (prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus) in comparison to non-diabetic mice (NDB). Mice with 3 months of chronic DM showed an anxious-like behavioral profile in two anxiety tests (Open Field and Elevated Plus Maze), when compared to NDB. There were significant differences in the expression of cell signaling proteins: diabetic mice had a lower expression of CaMKIV in the hippocampus, a greater expression of CREB in the amygdala and hypothalamus, as well as a lower pCREB/CREB in hypothalamus than NDB mice (P < 0.05). This is the first study evaluating the expression of CaMKIV in the brain of animals with DM, who presented lower expression of this protein in the hippocampus. In addition, it is the first time that CREB was evaluated in amygdala and hypothalamus of animals with DM, who presented a higher expression. Further research is necessary to determine the possible link between expression of CaMKIV and CREB, and the behavioral profile of anxiety in diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Espasandín
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1550, 11600, Montevideo, CP, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, CP, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Rivero
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1550, 11600, Montevideo, CP, Uruguay
| | - Laura Bengoa
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1550, 11600, Montevideo, CP, Uruguay
| | - Karina Cal
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1550, 11600, Montevideo, CP, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Metabolismo y el Envejecimiento, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, CP, Uruguay
| | - Gerardo Romanelli
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, CP, Uruguay
| | - Juan Claudio Benech
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, CP, Uruguay
| | - Juan Pablo Damián
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1550, 11600, Montevideo, CP, Uruguay.
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19
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Qin C, Yang S, Chu YH, Zhang H, Pang XW, Chen L, Zhou LQ, Chen M, Tian DS, Wang W. Signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:215. [PMID: 35794095 PMCID: PMC9259607 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow, which induces severe neural injuries, and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Thus, it is of great necessity to further detailly elucidate the mechanisms of ischemic stroke and find out new therapies against the disease. In recent years, efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, including cellular excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, cell death processes, and neuroinflammation. In the meantime, a plethora of signaling pathways, either detrimental or neuroprotective, are also highly involved in the forementioned pathophysiology. These pathways are closely intertwined and form a complex signaling network. Also, these signaling pathways reveal therapeutic potential, as targeting these signaling pathways could possibly serve as therapeutic approaches against ischemic stroke. In this review, we describe the signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke and categorize them based on the pathophysiological processes they participate in. Therapeutic approaches targeting these signaling pathways, which are associated with the pathophysiology mentioned above, are also discussed. Meanwhile, clinical trials regarding ischemic stroke, which potentially target the pathophysiology and the signaling pathways involved, are summarized in details. Conclusively, this review elucidated potential molecular mechanisms and related signaling pathways underlying ischemic stroke, and summarize the therapeutic approaches targeted various pathophysiology, with particular reference to clinical trials and future prospects for treating ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yun-Hui Chu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Pang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Luo-Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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20
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Wang ZJ, Shwani T, Liu J, Zhong P, Yang F, Schatz K, Zhang F, Pralle A, Yan Z. Molecular and cellular mechanisms for differential effects of chronic social isolation stress in males and females. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3056-3068. [PMID: 35449296 PMCID: PMC9615910 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic social isolation stress during adolescence induces susceptibility for neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we show that 5-week post-weaning isolation stress induces sex-specific behavioral abnormalities and neuronal activity changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), basal lateral amygdala (BLA), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Chemogenetic manipulation, optogenetic recording, and in vivo calcium imaging identify that the PFC to BLA pathway is causally linked to heightened aggression in stressed males, and the PFC to VTA pathway is causally linked to social withdrawal in stressed females. Isolation stress induces genome-wide transcriptional alterations in a region-specific manner. Particularly, the upregulated genes in BLA of stressed males are under the control of activated transcription factor CREB, and CREB inhibition in BLA normalizes gene expression and reverses aggressive behaviors. On the other hand, neuropeptide Hcrt (Hypocretin/Orexin) is among the top-ranking downregulated genes in VTA of stressed females, and Orexin-A treatment rescues social withdrawal. These results have revealed molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for stress-related mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Treefa Shwani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Junting Liu
- Department of Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Fengwei Yang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kelcie Schatz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Freddy Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Arnd Pralle
- Department of Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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21
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Modulation of CREB and its associated upstream signaling pathways in pesticide-induced neurotoxicity. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2581-2593. [PMID: 35596844 PMCID: PMC9618525 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human beings are exposed to various environmental xenobiotics throughout their life consisting of a broad range of physical and chemical agents that impart bodily harm. Among these, pesticide exposure that destroys insects mainly by damaging their central nervous system also exerts neurotoxic effects on humans and is implicated in the etiology of several degenerative disorders. The connectivity between CREB (cAMP Response Element Binding Protein) signaling activation and neuronal activity is of broad interest and has been thoroughly studied in various diseased states. Several genes, as well as protein kinases, are involved in the phosphorylation of CREB, including BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor), Pi3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), AKT (Protein kinase B), RAS (Rat Sarcoma), MEK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase), PLC (Phospholipase C), and PKC (Protein kinase C) that play an essential role in neuronal plasticity, long-term potentiation, neuronal survival, learning, and memory formation, cognitive function, synaptic transmission, and suppressing apoptosis. These elements, either singularly or in a cascade, can result in the modulation of CREB, making it a vulnerable target for various neurotoxic agents, including pesticides. This review provides insight into how these various intracellular signaling pathways converge to bring about CREB activation and how the activated or deactivated CREB levels can affect the gene expression of the upstream molecules. We also discuss the various target genes within the cascade vulnerable to different types of pesticides. Thus, this review will facilitate future investigations associated with pesticide neurotoxicity and identify valuable therapeutic targets.
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22
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Propolis Promotes Memantine-Dependent Rescue of Cognitive Deficits in APP-KI Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4630-4646. [PMID: 35587310 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a complex resinous substance that is relevant as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we confirmed that propolis (Brazilian green propolis) further enhances the rescue of cognitive deficits by the novel AD drug memantine in APP-KI mice. In memory-related behavior tasks, administration of a single dose of propolis at 1-100 mg/kg p.o. significantly enhanced the rescue of cognitive deficits by memantine at 1 mg/kg p.o. in APP-KI mice. In in vitro studies, propolis significantly increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) autophosphorylation in Kir6.2-overexpressed N2A cells treated with memantine. Propolis also significantly increased adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) contents and CaMKII autophosphorylation, which was impaired in Aβ-treated Kir6.2-overexpressed N2A cells. Similarly, repeated administration of propolis at 100 mg/kg p.o. for 8 weeks further enhanced the rescue of cognitive deficits by memantine in APP-KI mice. Consistent with the rescued cognitive deficits in APP-KI mice, repeated administration of propolis markedly ameliorated memantine-dependent rescue of injured long-term potentiation (LTP) in APP-KI mice, concomitant with increased CaMKII autophosphorylation and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) phosphorylation in the hippocampal CA1 region. Furthermore, repeated administration of both memantine and propolis significantly restored the decreased ATP contents in the CA1 region of APP-KI mice. Finally, we confirmed that repeated administration of memantine at 1 mg/kg p.o. and propolis at 100 mg/kg p.o. for 8 weeks failed to restore the cognitive deficits in Kir6.2-/- mice. Our study demonstrates that propolis increases ATP contents and promotes the amelioration of cognitive deficits rescued by memantine via Kir6.2 channel inhibition in the CA1 region.
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23
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Soria MA, Cervantes SA, Siemer AB. Calmodulin binds the N-terminus of the functional amyloid Orb2A inhibiting fibril formation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259872. [PMID: 35025866 PMCID: PMC8758002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein Orb2 is a key regulator of long-term memory (LTM) in Drosophila. The N-terminus of the Orb2 isoform A is required for LTM and forms cross-β fibrils on its own. However, this N-terminus is not part of the core found in ex vivo fibrils. We previously showed that besides forming cross-β fibrils, the N-terminus of Orb2A binds anionic lipid membranes as an amphipathic helix. Here, we show that the Orb2A N-terminus can similarly interact with calcium activated calmodulin (CaM) and that this interaction prevents fibril formation. Because CaM is a known regulator of LTM, this interaction could potentially explain the regulatory role of Orb2A in LTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Soria
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Silvia A. Cervantes
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ansgar B. Siemer
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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24
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Desouza LA, Benekareddy M, Fanibunda SE, Mohammad F, Janakiraman B, Ghai U, Gur T, Blendy JA, Vaidya VA. The Hallucinogenic Serotonin 2A Receptor Agonist, 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Iodoamphetamine, Promotes cAMP Response Element Binding Protein-Dependent Gene Expression of Specific Plasticity-Associated Genes in the Rodent Neocortex. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:790213. [PMID: 35002622 PMCID: PMC8739224 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.790213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychedelic compounds that target the 5-HT2A receptor are reported to evoke psychoplastogenic effects, including enhanced dendritic arborization and synaptogenesis. Transcriptional regulation of neuronal plasticity-associated genes is implicated in the cytoarchitectural effects of serotonergic psychedelics, however, the transcription factors that drive this regulation are poorly elucidated. Here, we addressed the contribution of the transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB) in the regulation of neuronal plasticity-associated genes by the hallucinogenic 5-HT2A receptor agonist, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI). In vitro studies with rat cortical neurons indicated that DOI enhances the phosphorylation of CREB (pCREB) through mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII) pathways, with both cascades contributing to the DOI-evoked upregulation of Arc, Bdnf1, Cebpb, and Egr2 expression, whilst the upregulation of Egr1 and cFos mRNA involved the MAP kinase and CaMKII pathway respectively. We observed a robust DOI-evoked increase in the expression of several neuronal plasticity-associated genes in the rat neocortex in vivo. This DOI-evoked upregulation of neuronal plasticity-associated genes was completely blocked by the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL100,907 in vitro and was also abrogated in the neocortex of 5-HT2A receptor deficient mice. Further, 5-HT2A receptor stimulation enhanced pCREB enrichment at putative cAMP response element (CRE) binding sites in the Arc, Bdnf1, Cebpb, cFos, but not Egr1 and Egr2, promoters in the rodent neocortex. The DOI-mediated transcriptional induction of Arc, cFos and Cebpb was significantly attenuated in the neocortex of CREB deficient/knockout (CREBαδ KO) mice. Collectively, these results indicate that the hallucinogenic 5-HT2A receptor agonist DOI leads to a rapid transcriptional upregulation of several neuronal plasticity-associated genes, with a subset of them exhibiting a CREB-dependent regulation. Our findings raise the intriguing possibility that similar to slow-acting classical antidepressants, rapid-action serotonergic psychedelics that target the 5-HT2A receptor may also recruit the transcription factor CREB to enhance the expression of neuronal plasticity-associated genes in the neocortex, which could in turn contribute to the rapid psychoplastogenic changes evoked by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette A Desouza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Madhurima Benekareddy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Sashaina E Fanibunda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.,Medical Research Centre, Kasturba Health Society, Mumbai, India
| | - Farhan Mohammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Balaganesh Janakiraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Utkarsha Ghai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Tamar Gur
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Julie A Blendy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Vidita A Vaidya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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25
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Zhao Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Wei Y. Neuronal injuries in cerebral infarction and ischemic stroke: From mechanisms to treatment (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 49:15. [PMID: 34878154 PMCID: PMC8711586 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disabilities and cognitive deficits, accounting for 5.2% of all mortalities worldwide. Transient or permanent occlusion of cerebral vessels leads to ischemic strokes, which constitutes the majority of strokes. Ischemic strokes induce brain infarcts, along with cerebral tissue death and focal neuronal damage. The infarct size and neurological severity after ischemic stroke episodes depends on the time period since occurrence, the severity of ischemia, systemic blood pressure, vein systems and location of infarcts, amongst others. Ischemic stroke is a complex disease, and neuronal injuries after ischemic strokes have been the focus of current studies. The present review will provide a basic pathological background of ischemic stroke and cerebral infarcts. Moreover, the major mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke and neuronal injuries are summarized. This review will also briefly summarize some representative clinical trials and up-to-date treatments that have been applied to stroke and brain infarcts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Shanghai Licheng Bio‑Technique Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201900, P.R. China
| | - Xinye Chen
- Shanghai Licheng Bio‑Technique Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201900, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wei
- Shanghai Licheng Bio‑Technique Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201900, P.R. China
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26
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Moriguchi S, Inagaki R, Fukunaga K. Memantine improves cognitive deficits via K ATP channel inhibition in olfactory bulbectomized mice. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 117:103680. [PMID: 34715352 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) demonstrate severely impaired olfactory systems, which occur in the early stages of the disease. Olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in mice elicits cognitive deficits, and reduces cholinergic activity in the hippocampus. Here, we confirmed that the novel AD drug memantine rescues cognitive deficits via ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel inhibition in OBX mice. Repeated memantine administration at 1-3 mg/kg p.o. for 14 days starting at 10 days after OBX surgery significantly rescued cognitive deficits in OBX mice, as assessed using Y-maze, novel object recognition, and passive avoidance tasks. Consistent with the rescued cognitive deficits in OBX mice, long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) 1 region was markedly restored with memantine administration. As demonstrated by immunoblotting, the reductions of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) α (Thr-286) autophosphorylation and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV; Thr-196) phosphorylation in the CA1 region of OBX mice were significantly restored with memantine. Conversely, pre-treatment with pinacidil, a KATP channel opener, failed to reinstate hippocampal LTP and CaMKII/CaMKIV activities in the CA1 region. Finally, improvement of cognitive deficits by memantine treatments was observed in OBX-operated Kir6.1 heterozygous (+/-) mice but not in OBX-operated Kir6.2 heterozygous (+/-) mice. Overall, our study demonstrates that memantine rescues OBX-induced cognitive deficits via Kir6.2 channel inhibition in the CA1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Moriguchi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Ryo Inagaki
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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27
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Isensee J, van Cann M, Despang P, Araldi D, Moeller K, Petersen J, Schmidtko A, Matthes J, Levine JD, Hucho T. Depolarization induces nociceptor sensitization by CaV1.2-mediated PKA-II activation. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212600. [PMID: 34431981 PMCID: PMC8404467 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202002083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Depolarization drives neuronal plasticity. However, whether depolarization drives sensitization of peripheral nociceptive neurons remains elusive. By high-content screening (HCS) microscopy, we revealed that depolarization of cultured sensory neurons rapidly activates protein kinase A type II (PKA-II) in nociceptors by calcium influx through CaV1.2 channels. This effect was modulated by calpains but insensitive to inhibitors of cAMP formation, including opioids. In turn, PKA-II phosphorylated Ser1928 in the distal C terminus of CaV1.2, thereby increasing channel gating, whereas dephosphorylation of Ser1928 involved the phosphatase calcineurin. Patch-clamp and behavioral experiments confirmed that depolarization leads to calcium- and PKA-dependent sensitization of calcium currents ex vivo and local peripheral hyperalgesia in the skin in vivo. Our data suggest a local activity-driven feed-forward mechanism that selectively translates strong depolarization into further activity and thereby facilitates hypersensitivity of nociceptor terminals by a mechanism inaccessible to opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Isensee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Translational Pain Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marianne van Cann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Translational Pain Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Despang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dioneia Araldi
- Division of Neuroscience, Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Katharina Moeller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Translational Pain Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonas Petersen
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Matthes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jon D Levine
- Division of Neuroscience, Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tim Hucho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Translational Pain Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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28
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Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) Inactivation Increases Neuronal Network Activity by Enhancing Ca 2+ Influx via L-Type Ca 2+ Channels. J Neurosci 2021; 41:8134-8149. [PMID: 34417327 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1930-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem developmental disorder characterized by hamartomas in various organs, such as the brain, lungs, and kidneys. Epilepsy, along with autism and intellectual disability, is one of the neurologic impairments associated with TSC that has an intimate relationship with developmental outcomes and quality of life. Sustained activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) via TSC1 or TSC2 mutations is known to be involved in the onset of epilepsy in TSC. However, the mechanism by which mTOR causes seizures remains unknown. In this study, we showed that, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived TSC2-deficient (TSC2 -/-) neurons exhibited elevated neuronal activity with highly synchronized Ca2+ spikes. Notably, TSC2 -/- neurons presented enhanced Ca2+ influx via L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs), which contributed to the abnormal neurite extension and sustained activation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), a critical mediator of synaptic plasticity. Expression of Cav1.3, a subtype of LTCCs, was increased in TSC2 -/- neurons, but long-term rapamycin treatment suppressed this increase and reversed the altered neuronal activity and neurite extensions. Thus, we identified Cav1.3 LTCC as a critical downstream component of TSC-mTOR signaling that would trigger enhanced neuronal network activity of TSC2 -/- neurons. We suggest that LTCCs could be potential novel targets for the treatment of epilepsy in TSC.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is a close relationship between elevated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity and epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). However, the underlying mechanism by which mTOR causes epilepsy remains unknown. In this study, using human TSC2 -/- neurons, we identified elevated Ca2+ influx via L-type Ca2+ channels as a critical downstream component of TSC-mTOR signaling and a potential cause of both elevated neuronal activity and neurite extension in TSC2 -/- neurons. Our findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized connection between sustained mTOR activation and elevated Ca2+ signaling via L-type Ca2+ channels in human TSC neurons, which could cause epilepsy in TSC.
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29
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Catanese A, Rajkumar S, Sommer D, Freisem D, Wirth A, Aly A, Massa‐López D, Olivieri A, Torelli F, Ioannidis V, Lipecka J, Guerrera IC, Zytnicki D, Ludolph A, Kabashi E, Mulaw MA, Roselli F, Böckers TM. Synaptic disruption and CREB-regulated transcription are restored by K + channel blockers in ALS. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13131. [PMID: 34125498 PMCID: PMC8261490 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, which is still missing effective therapeutic strategies. Although manipulation of neuronal excitability has been tested in murine and human ALS models, it is still under debate whether neuronal activity might represent a valid target for efficient therapies. In this study, we exploited a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, optogenetics and pharmacological approaches to investigate the activity-related pathological features of iPSC-derived C9orf72-mutant motoneurons (MN). We found that human ALSC9orf72 MN are characterized by accumulation of aberrant aggresomes, reduced expression of synaptic genes, loss of synaptic contacts and a dynamic "malactivation" of the transcription factor CREB. A similar phenotype was also found in TBK1-mutant MN and upon overexpression of poly(GA) aggregates in primary neurons, indicating a strong convergence of pathological phenotypes on synaptic dysregulation. Notably, these alterations, along with neuronal survival, could be rescued by treating ALS-related neurons with the K+ channel blockers Apamin and XE991, which, respectively, target the SK and the Kv7 channels. Thus, our study shows that restoring the activity-dependent transcriptional programme and synaptic composition exerts a neuroprotective effect on ALS disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Catanese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Sandeep Rajkumar
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Daniel Sommer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Dennis Freisem
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Alexander Wirth
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Amr Aly
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - David Massa‐López
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)Ulm siteUlmGermany
| | - Andrea Olivieri
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Federica Torelli
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Valentin Ioannidis
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Joanna Lipecka
- Proteomics platform NeckerINSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633Université de Paris – Structure Fédérative de Recherche NeckerParisFrance
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomics platform NeckerINSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633Université de Paris – Structure Fédérative de Recherche NeckerParisFrance
| | - Daniel Zytnicki
- SPPIN ‐ Saints‐Pères Paris Institute for the NeurosciencesCNRSUniversité de ParisParis, Paris
| | - Albert Ludolph
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)Ulm siteUlmGermany
- Department of NeurologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Edor Kabashi
- Institute of Translational Research for Neurological DisordersINSERM UMR 1163Imagine InstituteParisFrance
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Internal Medicine I and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell AgingMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital UlmUniversity of Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)Ulm siteUlmGermany
- Department of NeurologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Tobias M Böckers
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)Ulm siteUlmGermany
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30
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Gostolupce D, Iordanova MD, Lay BPP. Mechanisms of higher-order learning in the amygdala. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113435. [PMID: 34197867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive behaviour is under the potent control of environmental cues. Such cues can acquire value by virtue of their associations with outcomes of motivational significance, be they appetitive or aversive. There are at least two ways through which an environmental cue can acquire value, through first-order and higher-order conditioning. In first-order conditioning, a neutral cue is directly paired with an outcome of motivational significance. In higher-order conditioning, a cue is indirectly associated with motivational events via a directly conditioned first-order stimulus. The present article reviews some of the associations that support learning in first- and higher-order conditioning, as well as the role of the BLA and the molecular mechanisms involved in these two types of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Gostolupce
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mihaela D Iordanova
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Belinda P P Lay
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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31
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Li J, Xiao L, Yan N, Li Y, Wang Y, Qin X, Zhao D, Liu M, Li N, Lin Y. The Neuroprotective Effect of MicroRNA‐22‐3p Modified Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids on Damaged Retinal Neurons Via TrkB/BDNF Signaling Pathway. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Lirong Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Naihong Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yanjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Mengting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Ophthalmology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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Sridharan PS, Lu Y, Rice RC, Pieper AA, Rajadhyaksha AM. Loss of Cav1.2 channels impairs hippocampal theta burst stimulation-induced long-term potentiation. Channels (Austin) 2021; 14:287-293. [PMID: 32799605 PMCID: PMC7515572 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1807851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CACNA1 C, which codes for the Cav1.2 isoform of L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs), is a prominent risk gene in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. A role forLTCCs, and Cav1.2 in particular, in transcription-dependent late long-term potentiation (LTP) has long been known. Here, we report that elimination of Cav1.2 channels in glutamatergic neurons also impairs theta burst stimulation (TBS)-induced LTP in the hippocampus, known to be transcription-independent and dependent on N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and local protein synthesis at synapses. Our expansion of the established role of Cav1.2channels in LTP broadens understanding of synaptic plasticity and identifies a new cellular phenotype for exploring treatment strategies for cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethy S Sridharan
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center , Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard C Rice
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center , Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, IA, USA.,Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center , Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anjali M Rajadhyaksha
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind and Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA
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Congenital hypothyroidism impairs spine growth of dentate granule cells by downregulation of CaMKIV. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:143. [PMID: 34127648 PMCID: PMC8203692 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), a common neonatal endocrine disorder, can result in cognitive deficits if delay in diagnose and treatment. Dentate gyrus (DG) is the severely affected subregion of the hippocampus by the CH, where the dentate granule cells (DGCs) reside in. However, how CH impairs the cognitive function via affecting DGCs and the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In the present study, the CH model of rat pups was successfully established, and the aberrant dendrite growth of the DGCs and the impaired cognitive behaviors were observed in the offspring. Transcriptome analysis of hippocampal tissues following rat CH successfully identified that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) was the prominent regulator involved in mediating deficient growth of DGC dendrites. CaMKIV was shown to be dynamically regulated in the DG subregion of the rats following drug-induced CH. Interference of CaMKIV expression in the primary DGCs significantly reduced the spine density of dendrites, while addition of T3 to the primary DGCs isolated from CH pups could facilitate the spine growth of dendrites. Insights into relevant mechanisms revealed that CH-mediated CaMKIV deficiency resulted in the significant decrease of phosphorylated CREB in DGCs, in association with the abnormality of dendrites. Our results have provided a distinct cell type in hippocampus that is affected by CH, which would be beneficial for the treatment of CH-induced cognitive deficiency.
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Transcription factors regulated by cAMP in smooth muscle of the myometrium at human parturition. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:997-1011. [PMID: 33860781 PMCID: PMC8106496 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) contributes to maintenance of a quiescent (relaxed) state in the myometrium (i.e. uterine smooth muscle) during pregnancy, which most commonly has been attributed to activation of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA-mediated phosphorylation of cytosolic contractile apparatus components in myometrial smooth muscle cells (mSMCs) are known to promote relaxation. Additionally, PKA also regulates nuclear transcription factor (TF) activity to control expression of genes important to the labour process; these are mostly involved in actin-myosin interactions, cell-to-cell connectivity and inflammation, all of which influence mSMC transition from a quiescent to a contractile (pro-labour) phenotype. This review focuses on the evidence that cAMP modulates the activity of TFs linked to pro-labour gene expression, predominantly cAMP response element (CRE) binding TFs, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), activator protein 1 (AP-1) family and progesterone receptors (PRs). This review also considers the more recently described exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) that may oppose the pro-quiescent effects of PKA, as well as explores findings from other cell types that have the potential to be of novel relevance to cAMP action on TF function in the myometrium.
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Kale S, Sarode LP, Kharat A, Ambulkar S, Prakash A, Sakharkar AJ, Ugale RR. Protocatechuic Acid Prevents Early Hour Ischemic Reperfusion Brain Damage by Restoring Imbalance of Neuronal Cell Death and Survival Proteins. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105507. [PMID: 33285352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effect of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on cell death/survival protein imbalance in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. METHODS Focal ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult male Wistar rats and confirmed by measuring infarction of brain by 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Rats were treated with vehicle or PCA at 10, 30 or 50 mg/kg dose intraperitoneally and subjected to neurological deficits or beam walk assessment at 24 h of reperfusion. Effective dose of PCA (50 mg/kg) was administered at 1, 2 and 3 h time point of post-ictus ischemia. Cellular damage and nuclear condensation was observed by haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining and Hoechst 33342 staining respectively. Additionally, immunohistochemical expression of caspase 3 and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and their mRNA's were observed. RESULTS PCA at 30 and 50 mg/kg significantly improved behavioural performance and reduced infarction. Maximum neuroprotective effect of PCA (50 mg/kg) was found at 1 h (early hours) post-ictus ischemia along with reduction in cellular damage and nuclear condensation. PCA increased CREB protein and it's mRNA, while suppressed caspase-3 protein and mRNA at 1 h of reperfusion injury. CONCLUSION PCA exhibit the potential to prevent early hour (1h) reperfusion injury restoring balance of survival and death protein may offer a cost effective adjuvant therapy in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Kale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
| | - Lopmudra P Sarode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
| | - Amol Kharat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
| | - Saurabh Ambulkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
| | - Anand Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India.
| | - Amul J Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Rajesh R Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
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Active Transition of Fear Memory Phase from Reconsolidation to Extinction through ERK-Mediated Prevention of Reconsolidation. J Neurosci 2020; 41:1288-1300. [PMID: 33293359 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1854-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The retrieval of fear memory induces two opposite memory process, i.e., reconsolidation and extinction. Brief retrieval induces reconsolidation to maintain or enhance fear memory, while prolonged retrieval extinguishes this memory. Although the mechanisms of reconsolidation and extinction have been investigated, it remains unknown how fear memory phases are switched from reconsolidation to extinction during memory retrieval. Here, we show that an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent memory transition process after retrieval regulates the switch of memory phases from reconsolidation to extinction by preventing induction of reconsolidation in an inhibitory avoidance (IA) task in male mice. First, the transition memory phase, which cancels the induction of reconsolidation, but is insufficient for the acquisition of extinction, was identified after reconsolidation, but before extinction phases. Second, the reconsolidation, transition, and extinction phases after memory retrieval showed distinct molecular and cellular signatures through cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and ERK phosphorylation in the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The reconsolidation phase showed increased CREB phosphorylation, while the extinction phase displayed several neural populations with various combinations of CREB and/or ERK phosphorylation, in these brain regions. Interestingly, the three memory phases, including the transition phase, showed transient ERK activation immediately after retrieval. Most importantly, the blockade of ERK in the amygdala, hippocampus, or mPFC at the transition memory phase disinhibited reconsolidation-induced enhancement of IA memory. These observations suggest that the ERK-signaling pathway actively regulates the transition of memory phase from reconsolidation to extinction and this process functions as a switch that cancels reconsolidation of fear memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Retrieval of fear memory induces two opposite memory process; reconsolidation and extinction. Reconsolidation maintains/enhances fear memory, while extinction weakens fear memory. It remains unknown how memory phases are switched from reconsolidation to extinction during retrieval. Here, we identified an active memory transition process functioning as a switch that inhibits reconsolidation. This memory transition phase showed a transient increase of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in the amygdala, hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Interestingly, inhibition of ERK in these regions at the transition phase disinhibited the reconsolidation-mediated enhancement of inhibitory avoidance (IA) memory. These findings suggest that the transition memory process actively regulates the switch of fear memory phases of fear memory by preventing induction of reconsolidation through the activation of the ERK-signaling pathway.
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So-Ochim-Tang-Gamibang, a Traditional Herbal Formula, Ameliorates Depression by Regulating Hyperactive Glucocorticoid Signaling In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8834556. [PMID: 33224257 PMCID: PMC7671797 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8834556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
So-ochim-tang-gamibang (SOCG) is a Korean traditional medicine; it has previously been shown to be safe and effective against depression. Persistently increased levels of circulating glucocorticoids have been considered as a pathological mechanism for depression and associated with decreased neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus. This study investigated whether SOCG controls the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects in vivo and in vitro. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were subjected to restraint stress, where SOCG was orally administered to the animals for 2 weeks. An open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT) were performed to explore the antidepressant activity of SOCG in WKY rats. Plasma levels of HPA axis hormones were measured by ELISA or western blotting analysis. The expression levels or activation of HPA axis-related signaling molecules such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the brain were determined by real-time PCR and western blotting analysis. Furthermore, a corticosterone- (CORT-) induced cell injury model was established using SH-SY5Y cells to explore the antidepressive effects of SOCG in vitro. The results of the OFT, FST, and SPT revealed that SOCG ameliorated depressive-like behaviors in the WKY rats. The blood plasma levels of HPA axis hormones such as CORT, CORT-releasing hormone (CRH), and adrenocorticotrophic hormone were downregulated by SOCG. On the other hand, SOCG upregulated the phosphorylation of CREB and ERK in both the rat hippocampus and CORT-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, it also increased the GR expression. These results suggested that SOCG may improve depression by controlling hyperactive glucocorticoid signaling via the downregulation of HPA axis hormones and upregulation of GR.
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Zeitler S, Schumacher F, Monti J, Anni D, Guhathakurta D, Kleuser B, Friedland K, Fejtová A, Kornhuber J, Rhein C. Acid Sphingomyelinase Impacts Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Channels 6 (TRPC6) Activity in Primary Neuronal Systems. Cells 2020; 9:E2502. [PMID: 33218173 PMCID: PMC7698877 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
: The acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system exhibits a crucial role in the pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). ASM hydrolyzes the abundant membrane lipid sphingomyelin to ceramide that regulates the clustering of membrane proteins via microdomain and lipid raft organization. Several commonly used antidepressants, such as fluoxetine, rely on the functional inhibition of ASM in terms of their antidepressive pharmacological effects. Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) ion channels are located in the plasma membrane of neurons and serve as receptors for hyperforin, a phytochemical constituent of the antidepressive herbal remedy St. John's wort. TRPC6 channels are involved in the regulation of neuronal plasticity, which likely contributes to their antidepressant effect. In this work, we investigated the impact of reduced ASM activity on the TRPC6 function in neurons. A lipidomic analysis of cortical brain tissue of ASM deficient mice revealed a decrease in ceramide/sphingomyelin molar ratio and an increase in sphingosine. In neurons with ASM deletion, hyperforin-mediated Ca2+-influx via TRPC6 was decreased. Consequently, downstream activation of nuclear phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) was changed, a transcriptional factor involved in neuronal plasticity. Our study underlines the importance of balanced ASM activity, as well as sphingolipidome composition for optimal TRPC6 function. A better understanding of the interaction of the ASM/ceramide and TRPC6 systems could help to draw conclusions about the pathology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Zeitler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Juliana Monti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Daniela Anni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Debarpan Guhathakurta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Anna Fejtová
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Smolen P, Wood MA, Baxter DA, Byrne JH. Modeling suggests combined-drug treatments for disorders impairing synaptic plasticity via shared signaling pathways. J Comput Neurosci 2020; 49:37-56. [PMID: 33175283 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-020-00771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic disorders such as Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) and Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS) cause lifelong cognitive disability, including deficits in learning and memory. Can pharmacological therapies be suggested that improve learning and memory in these disorders? To address this question, we simulated drug effects within a computational model describing induction of late long-term potentiation (L-LTP). Biochemical pathways impaired in these and other disorders converge on a common target, histone acetylation by acetyltransferases such as CREB binding protein (CBP), which facilitates gene induction necessary for L-LTP. We focused on four drug classes: tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) agonists, cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and ampakines. Simulations suggested each drug type alone may rescue deficits in L-LTP. A potential disadvantage, however, was the necessity of simulating strong drug effects (high doses), which could produce adverse side effects. Thus, we investigated the effects of six drug pairs among the four classes described above. These combination treatments normalized impaired L-LTP with substantially smaller individual drug 'doses'. In addition three of these combinations, a TrkB agonist paired with an ampakine and a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor paired with a TrkB agonist or an ampakine, exhibited strong synergism in L-LTP rescue. Therefore, we suggest these drug combinations are promising candidates for further empirical studies in animal models of genetic disorders that impair histone acetylation, L-LTP, and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Smolen
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W.M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Douglas A Baxter
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W.M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John H Byrne
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W.M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Zhang X, Peng K, Zhang X. The Function of the NMDA Receptor in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:567665. [PMID: 33117117 PMCID: PMC7573650 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.567665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the main forms of neonatal brain injury which could lead to neonatal disability or even cause neonatal death. Therefore, HIE strongly affects the health of newborns and brings heavy burden to the family and society. It has been well studied that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in the excitotoxicity induced by hypoxia ischemia in adult brain. Recently, it has been shown that the NMDA receptor also plays important roles in HIE. In the present review, we made a summary of the molecular mechanism of NMDA receptor in the pathological process of HIE, focusing on the distinct role of GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor subtypes and aiming to provide some insights into the clinical treatment and drug development of HIE.
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Posada-Duque RA, Cardona-Gómez GP. CDK5 Targeting as a Therapy for Recovering Neurovascular Unit Integrity in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 82:S141-S161. [PMID: 33016916 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is responsible for synchronizing the energetic demand, vasodynamic changes, and neurochemical and electrical function of the brain through a closed and interdependent interaction of cell components conforming to brain tissue. In this review, we will focus on cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) as a molecular pivot, which plays a crucial role in the healthy function of neurons, astrocytes, and the endothelium and is implicated in the cross-talk of cellular adhesion signaling, ion transmission, and cytoskeletal remodeling, thus allowing the individual and interconnected homeostasis of cerebral parenchyma. Then, we discuss how CDK5 overactivation affects the integrity of the NVU in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive impairment; we emphasize how CDK5 is involved in the excitotoxicity spreading of glutamate and Ca2+ imbalance under acute and chronic injury. Additionally, we present pharmacological and gene therapy strategies for producing partial depletion of CDK5 activity on neurons, astrocytes, or endothelium to recover neuroplasticity and neurotransmission, suggesting that the NVU should be the targeted tissue unit in protective strategies. Finally, we conclude that CDK5 could be effective due to its intervention on astrocytes by its end feet on the endothelium and neurons, acting as an intermediary cell between systemic and central communication in the brain. This review provides integrated guidance regarding the pathogenesis of and potential repair strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Andrés Posada-Duque
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, SIU, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, SIU, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Electroacupuncture Pretreatment Elicits Tolerance to Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion through Inhibition of the GluN2B/m-Calpain/p38 MAPK Proapoptotic Pathway. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8840675. [PMID: 33061951 PMCID: PMC7542475 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8840675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the first steps in the pathology of cerebral ischemia, glutamate-induced excitotoxicity progresses too fast to be the target of postischemic intervention. However, ischemic preconditioning including electroacupuncture (EA) might elicit cerebral ischemic tolerance through ameliorating excitotoxicity. Objective To investigate whether EA pretreatment based on TCM theory could elicit cerebral tolerance against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and explore its potential excitotoxicity inhibition mechanism from regulating proapoptotic pathway of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor (GluN2B). Methods The experimental procedure included 5 consecutive days of pretreatment stage and the subsequent modeling stage for one day. All rats were evenly randomized into three groups: sham MCAO/R, MCAO/R, and EA+MCAO/R. During pretreatment procedure, only rats in the EA+MCAO/R group received EA intervention on GV20, SP6, and PC6 once a day for 5 days. Model preparation for MCAO/R or sham MCAO/R started 2 hours after the last pretreatment. 24 hours after model preparation, the Garcia neurobehavioral scoring criteria was used for the evaluation of neurological deficits, TTC for the measurement of infarct volume, TUNEL staining for determination of neural cell apoptosis at hippocampal CA1 area, and WB and double immunofluorescence staining for expression and the cellular localization of GluN2B and m-calpain and p38 MAPK. Results This EA pretreatment regime could improve neurofunction, decrease cerebral infarction volume, and reduce neuronal apoptosis 24 hours after cerebral I/R injury. And EA pretreatment might inhibit the excessive activation of GluN2B receptor, the GluN2B downstream proapoptotic mediator m-calpain, and the phosphorylation of its transcription factor p38 MAPK in the hippocampal neurons after cerebral I/R injury. Conclusion The EA regime might induce tolerance against I/R injury partially through the regulation of the proapoptotic GluN2B/m-calpain/p38 MAPK pathway of glutamate.
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Ouali Alami N, Tang L, Wiesner D, Commisso B, Bayer D, Weishaupt J, Dupuis L, Wong P, Baumann B, Wirth T, Boeckers TM, Yilmazer-Hanke D, Ludolph A, Roselli F. Multiplexed chemogenetics in astrocytes and motoneurons restore blood-spinal cord barrier in ALS. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/11/e201900571. [PMID: 32900826 PMCID: PMC7479971 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemogenetic motoneuron excitation and astrocyte GPCR-Gi signaling restore blood–spinal cord barrier, disrupted in four ALS mouse models, revealing its role in disease progression but not initiation. Blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption is thought to contribute to motoneuron (MN) loss in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is currently unclear whether impairment of the BSCB is the cause or consequence of MN dysfunction and whether its restoration may be directly beneficial. We revealed that SOD1G93A, FUSΔNLS, TDP43G298S, and Tbk1+/− ALS mouse models commonly shared alterations in the BSCB, unrelated to motoneuron loss. We exploit PSAM/PSEM chemogenetics in SOD1G93A mice to demonstrate that the BSCB is rescued by increased MN firing, whereas inactivation worsens it. Moreover, we use DREADD chemogenetics, alone or in multiplexed form, to show that activation of Gi signaling in astrocytes restores BSCB integrity, independently of MN firing, with no effect on MN disease markers and dissociating them from BSCB disruption. We show that astrocytic levels of the BSCB stabilizers Wnt7a and Wnt5a are decreased in SOD1G93A mice and strongly enhanced by Gi signaling, although further decreased by MN inactivation. Thus, we demonstrate that BSCB impairment follows MN dysfunction in ALS pathogenesis but can be reversed by Gi-induced expression of astrocytic Wnt5a/7a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwa Ouali Alami
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroanatomy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Linyun Tang
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Diana Wiesner
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | | | - David Bayer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,CEMMA Graduate School, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Luc Dupuis
- Inserm U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Phillip Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bernd Baumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Albert Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
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Fleischer M, Endres H, Sendtner M, Volkmann J. Development of a Fully Implantable Stimulator for Deep Brain Stimulation in Mice. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:726. [PMID: 32792895 PMCID: PMC7385305 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deep brain stimulation is an established method for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. To elicit the underlying mechanisms and explore new stimulation targets, rodent models are necessary. Cable bound external stimulation or portable devices limit movement of the animals and influence behavioral experiments. Therefore, implantable, individually programmed devices are required. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The stimulator consists of an 8bit-microcontroller mounted on a square electrical board (10 × 10 mm). External control is enabled by a magnetic reed contact, as running control serves a white LED, running modes are displayed by flash codes. Stimulation parameters could be programmed in the range of pulse width: 60-500 μs, amplitude: up to 300 μA and frequency: 10-500 Hz. Power is supplied by two standard batteries. The device was implanted in 8-10 weeks old BALBc-mice. Functionality was examined by electrical stimulation of nucleus accumbens area with standard parameters for mice and determination of c-fos levels in vitro in brain slices. RESULTS The implanted microstimulators were well-tolerated by the mice, without impairment of free movement. Coating, external control, and monitoring of function with LED flash code proved to be fully adequate. Stimulation with standard stimulating parameters of nucleus accumbens elicited strong c-fos elevation on simulation site. CONCLUSION We present a fully implantable stimulator for freely moving mice that meets the urgent need for further research on the effects of deep brain stimulation in rodent models. It offers the possibility to conduct behavioral experiments for up to 30 days of stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fleischer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Heinz Endres
- University of Applied Science Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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45
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Heinz DA, Bloodgood BL. Mechanisms that communicate features of neuronal activity to the genome. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 63:131-136. [PMID: 32416470 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-driven gene expression is a ubiquitous feature of biological systems, allowing cells and organisms to adapt their function in a stimulus-driven manner. Neurons exhibit complex and heterogeneous activity-dependent gene expression, but many of the canonical mechanisms that transduce electrical activity into gene regulation are promiscuous and convergent. We discuss literature that describes mechanisms that drive activity-dependent gene expression with a focus on those that allow the nucleus to decode complex stimulus-features into appropriate transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Heinz
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Brenda L Bloodgood
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
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46
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Dinh TA, Sritharan R, Smith FD, Francisco AB, Ma RK, Bunaciu RP, Kanke M, Danko CG, Massa AP, Scott JD, Sethupathy P. Hotspots of Aberrant Enhancer Activity in Fibrolamellar Carcinoma Reveal Candidate Oncogenic Pathways and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107509. [PMID: 32294439 PMCID: PMC7474926 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare, therapeutically intractable liver cancer that disproportionately affects youth. Although FLC tumors exhibit a distinct gene expression profile, the chromatin regulatory landscape and the genes most critical for tumor cell survival remain unclear. Here, we use chromatin run-on sequencing to discover ∼7,000 enhancers and 141 enhancer hotspots activated in FLC relative to nonmalignant liver. Bioinformatic analyses reveal aberrant ERK/MEK signaling and candidate master transcriptional regulators. We also define the genes most strongly associated with hotspots of FLC enhancer activity, including CA12 and SLC16A14. Treatment of FLC cell models with inhibitors of CA12 or SLC16A14 independently reduce cell viability and/or significantly enhance the effect of the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib. These findings highlight molecular targets for drug development, as well as drug combination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Dinh
- Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ramja Sritharan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - F Donelson Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adam B Francisco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rosanna K Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rodica P Bunaciu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Charles G Danko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrew P Massa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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47
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NMDARs in Cell Survival and Death: Implications in Stroke Pathogenesis and Treatment. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:533-551. [PMID: 32470382 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs) have important roles in stroke pathology and recovery. Depending on their subtypes and locations, these NMDARs may promote either neuronal survival or death. Recently, the functions of previously overlooked NMDAR subtypes during stroke were characterized, and NMDARs expressed at different subcellular locations were found to have synergistic rather than opposing functions. Moreover, the complexity of the neuronal survival and death signaling pathways following NMDAR activation was further elucidated. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in these areas and discuss how delineating the dual roles of NMDARs in stroke has directed the development of novel neuroprotective therapeutics for stroke.
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48
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Wruck W, Adjaye J. Meta-analysis of human prefrontal cortex reveals activation of GFAP and decline of synaptic transmission in the aging brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:26. [PMID: 32138778 PMCID: PMC7059712 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite ongoing research efforts, mechanisms of brain aging are still enigmatic and need to be elucidated for a better understanding of age-associated cognitive decline. The aim of this study is to investigate aging in the prefrontal cortex region of human brain in a meta-analysis of transcriptome datasets. We analyzed 591 gene expression datasets pertaining to female and male human prefrontal cortex biopsies of distinct ages. We used hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the influence of sex and age on global transcriptome levels. In sex-specific analysis we identified genes correlating with age and differentially expressed between groups of young, middle-aged and aged. Pathways and gene ontologies (GOs) over-represented in the resulting gene sets were calculated. Potential causal relationships between genes and between GOs were explored employing the Granger test of gene expression time series over the range of ages. The most outstanding results were the age-related decline of synaptic transmission and activated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in both sexes. We found an antagonistic relationship between calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV (CAMK4) and GFAP which may include regulatory mechanisms involving cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, alias ERK). Common to both sexes was a decline in synaptic transmission, neurogenesis and an increased base-level of inflammatory and immune-related processes. Furthermore, we detected differences in dendritic spine morphogenesis, catecholamine signaling and cellular responses to external stimuli, particularly to metal (Zinc and cadmium) ions which were higher in female brains.
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49
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Haghmorad D, Mahmoudi MB, Haghighi P, Alidadiani P, Shahvazian E, Tavasolian P, Hosseini M, Mahmoudi M. Improvement of fertility parameters with Tribulus Terrestris and Anacyclus Pyrethrum treatment in male rats. Int Braz J Urol 2019; 45:1043-1054. [PMID: 31626524 PMCID: PMC6844349 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anacyclus Pyrethrum (AP) and Tribulus Terrestris (TT) have been reported as male infertility treatment in several studies; however, in Iranian traditional medicine these two plants are prescribed simultaneously. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of AP and TT extracts both separately and simultaneously on the male Wistar rat fertility parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS 32 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Control, TT, AP, and AT treated groups. Treatment continued for 25 days and rats were weighed daily. Their testes were dissected for histological studies. Sperm analysis including sperm count, viability and motility were performed. Serum was obtained to evaluate testosterone, LH and FSH levels. Histological studies were conducted to study Leydig, and Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and spermatid cell numbers, and to measure seminiferous diameter and epithelium thickness. RESULTS Sperm count increased in all the treatment groups. Sperm viability and motility in AT and AP groups were elevated. TT and AT groups showed signifi cantly increased testosterone level compared to control group (P=004, P=0.000, respectively) and TT, AP and AT treatment groups showed increased LH level (P=0.002, P=0.03 and P=0.000, respectively) compared to control, while only AT group showed increased FSH (p=0.006) compared to control. Histological studies showed signifi cant increase of spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli cell numbers and epithelial thickness in AT group compared to other groups. All the treatment groups had higher number of Leydig, spermatogonia and spermatid cells. CONCLUSION TT and AP improved sexual parameters; however, their simultaneous administration had higher improving effects on studied parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Pardis Haghighi
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
| | - Paria Alidadiani
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
| | - Ensieh Shahvazian
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
| | - Parsova Tavasolian
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
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50
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Kim H, Hur SW, Park JB, Seo J, Shin JJ, Kim S, Kim M, Han DH, Park J, Park JM, Kim SJ, Chun Y. Histone demethylase PHF2 activates CREB and promotes memory consolidation. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e45907. [PMID: 31359606 PMCID: PMC6726911 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term memory formation is attributed to experience-dependent gene expression. Dynamic changes in histone methylation are essential for the epigenetic regulation of memory consolidation-related genes. Here, we demonstrate that the plant homeodomain finger protein 2 (PHF2) histone demethylase is upregulated in the mouse hippocampus during the experience phase and plays an essential role in memory formation. PHF2 promotes the expression of memory-related genes by epigenetically reinforcing the TrkB-CREB signaling pathway. In behavioral tests, memory formation is enhanced by transgenic overexpression of PHF2 in mice, but is impaired by silencing PHF2 in the hippocampus. Electrophysiological studies reveal that PHF2 elevates field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) and NMDA receptor-mediated evoked excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) in CA1 pyramidal neurons, suggesting that PHF2 promotes long-term potentiation. This study provides insight into the epigenetic regulation of learning and memory formation, which advances our knowledge to improve memory in patients with degenerative brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye‐Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic disease InstitutesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Sung Won Hur
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jun Bum Park
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jieun Seo
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jae Jin Shin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Center for cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)DaejeonKorea
| | - Seon‐Young Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Myoung‐Hwan Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Do Hyun Han
- Proteomics Core FacilityBiomedical Research InstituteSeoul National University HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Jong‐Wan Park
- Ischemic/Hypoxic disease InstitutesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Joo Min Park
- Center for cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)DaejeonKorea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic disease InstitutesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Yang‐Sook Chun
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical ScienceSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic disease InstitutesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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