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Huang Y, Yang G, Yu Z, Tong T, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Hong Y, Jiang J, Zhang G, Yuan Y. Amino-Acid-Encoded Bioinspired Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Multimorphological Nanocarriers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311351. [PMID: 38453673 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly has emerged as an efficient tool to construct well-organized nanostructures for biomedical applications by small organic molecules. However, the physicochemical properties of self-assembled nanoarchitectures are greatly influenced by their morphologies, mechanical properties, and working mechanisms, making it challenging to design and screen ideal building blocks. Herein, using a biocompatible firefly-sourced click reaction between the cyano group of 2-cyano-benzothiazole (CBT) and the 1,2-aminothiol group of cysteine (Cys), an amino-acid-encoded supramolecular self-assembly platform Cys(SEt)-X-CBT (X represents any amino acid) is developed to incorporate both covalent and noncovalent interactions for building diverse morphologies of nanostructures with bioinspired response mechanism, providing a convenient and rapid strategy to construct site-specific nanocarriers for drug delivery, cell imaging, and enzyme encapsulation. Additionally, it is worth noting that the biodegradation of Cys(SEt)-X-CBT generated nanocarriers can be easily tracked via bioluminescence imaging. By caging either the thiol or amino groups in Cys with other stimulus-responsive sites and modifying X with probes or drugs, a variety of multi-morphological and multifunctional nanomedicines can be readily prepared for a wide range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Guokun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Tong Tong
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Qianzijing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yajian Hong
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Guozhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
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2
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Huang Y, Yu Z, Peng J, Yu Q, Xu H, Yang M, Yuan S, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Gao J, Yuan Y. Amino-Acid-Encoded Supramolecular Nanostructures for Persistent Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401244. [PMID: 38934340 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a powerful technique for noninvasive monitoring of biological processes and cell transplantation. Nonetheless, the application of D-luciferin, which is widely employed as a bioluminescent probe, is restricted in long-term in vivo tracking due to its short half-life. This study presents a novel approach using amino acid-encoded building blocks to accumulate and preserve luciferin within tumor cells, through a supramolecular self-assembly strategy. The building block platform called Cys(SEt)-X-CBT (CXCBT, with X representing any amino acid) utilizes a covalent-noncovalent hybrid self-assembly mechanism to generate diverse luciferin-containing nanostructures in tumor cells after glutathione reduction. These nanostructures exhibit efficient tumor-targeted delivery as well as sequence-dependent well-designed morphologies and prolonged bioluminescence performance. Among the selected amino acids (X = Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe), Cys(SEt)-Lys-CBT (CKCBT) exhibits the superior long-lasting bioluminescence signal (up to 72 h) and good biocompatibility. This study demonstrates the potential of amino-acid-encoded supramolecular self-assembly as a convenient and effective method for developing BLI probes for long-term biological tracking and disease imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jiancheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Clinical Pathology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Sijie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Qianzijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yanyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Hefei Ion Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei Ion Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, China
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Mondal B, Padhy A, Maji S, Gupta A, Sen Gupta S. Dual stimuli-responsive cross-linked nanoassemblies from an amphiphilic mannose-6-phosphate based tri-block copolymer for lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1810-1827. [PMID: 36655818 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02110b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive cross-linked nanocarriers that can induce lysosomal cell death (LCD) via lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) represent a new class of delivery platforms and have attracted the attention of researchers in the biomedical field. The advantages of such cross-linked nanocarriers are as follows (i) they remain intact during blood circulation; and (ii) they reach the target site via specific receptor-mediated endocytosis leading to the enhancement of therapeutic efficacy and reduction of side effects. Herein, we have synthesized a mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) based amphiphilic ABC type tri-block copolymer having two chains of FDA-approved poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) as the hydrophobic block, and poly(S-(o-nitrobenzyl)-L-cysteine) (NBC) acts as the photoresponsive crosslinker block. Two different tri-block copolymers, [(PCL35)2-b-NBC20-b-M6PGP20] and [(PCL35)2-b-NBC15-b-M6PGP20], were synthesized which upon successful self-assembly initially formed spherical uncross-linked "micellar-type" aggregates (UCL-M) and vesicles (UCL-V), respectively. The uncross-linked nanocarriers upon UV treatment for thirty minutes were covalently crosslinked in the middle PNBC block giving rise to the di-sulfide bonds and forming interface cross-linked "micellar-type" aggregates (ICL-M) and vesicles (ICL-V). DLS, TEM, and AFM techniques were used to successfully characterize the morphology of these nanocarriers. The dual stimuli (redox and enzyme) responsiveness of the cross-linked nanocarriers and their trafficking to the lysosome in mammalian cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis was probed using confocal microscopy images. Furthermore, the addition of a chloroquine (CQ, a known lysosomotropic agent) encapsulated cross-linked nanocarrier (CQ@ICL-V) to non-cancerous (HEK-293T) cells and liver (HepG2), and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) was found to initiate lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) followed by lysosomal destabilization which eventually led to lysosomal cell death (LCD). Due to the targeted delivery of CQ to the lysosomes of cancerous cells, almost a 90% smaller amount of CQ was able to achieve similar cell death to CQ alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Mondal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Department of Chemical Sciences, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia-741246, India.
| | - Abinash Padhy
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Department of Chemical Sciences, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia-741246, India.
| | - Saptarshi Maji
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Department of Biological Sciences, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia-741246, India
| | - Arnab Gupta
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Department of Biological Sciences, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia-741246, India
| | - Sayam Sen Gupta
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Department of Chemical Sciences, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia-741246, India.
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Non-spherical Polymeric Nanocarriers for Therapeutics: The Effect of Shape on Biological Systems and Drug Delivery Properties. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010032. [PMID: 36678661 PMCID: PMC9865764 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to highlight the importance of particle shape in the design of polymeric nanocarriers for drug delivery systems, along with their size, surface chemistry, density, and rigidity. Current manufacturing methods used to obtain non-spherical polymeric nanocarriers such as filomicelles or nanoworms, nanorods and nanodisks, are firstly described. Then, their interactions with biological barriers are presented, including how shape affects nanoparticle clearance, their biodistribution and targeting. Finally, their drug delivery properties and their therapeutic efficacy, both in vitro and in vivo, are discussed and compared with the characteristics of their spherical counterparts.
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5
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Yang R, Zheng Y, Shuai X, Fan F, He X, Ding M, Li J, Tan H, Fu Q. Crosslinking Induced Reassembly of Multiblock Polymers: Addressing the Dilemma of Stability and Responsivity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902701. [PMID: 32328415 PMCID: PMC7175344 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Physical or chemical crosslinking of polymeric micelles has emerged as a straightforward approach to overcome the intrinsic instability of assemblies. However, the crosslinking process may compromise the responsivity of nanosystems and result in inefficient release of payloads. To address this dilemma, a crosslinking induced reassembly (CIRA) strategy is reported here to simultaneously increase the kinetic and thermodynamic stability and redox-responsivity of polymeric micelles. It is found that the click crosslinking of a model multiblock polyurethane at the micellar interface induces microphase separation between the soft and hard segments. The aggregation of hard domains gathers liable disulfide linkages around the interlayer of micelles, which could facilitate the attack of reducing agents and act as an intelligent on-off switch for high stability and triggered release. As a result, the CIRA approach enables an enhanced tumor targeting, improved biodistribution and excellent therapeutic efficacy in vivo. This work provides a facile and versatile platform for controlled delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Yi Zheng
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Xiaoyu Shuai
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Fan Fan
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Xueling He
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Mingming Ding
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
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6
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Lu Y, Lin J, Wang L, Zhang L, Cai C. Self-Assembly of Copolymer Micelles: Higher-Level Assembly for Constructing Hierarchical Structure. Chem Rev 2020; 120:4111-4140. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingqing Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liangshun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chunhua Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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7
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Zheng T, Feng H, van den Broek JM, Rahimi K, Kuehne AJC, de Vries R, Sprakel J. Controlling the Hierarchical Assembly of π-Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800284. [PMID: 30027644 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Here, a means of controlling the assembly pathways of p-conjugated oligoelectrolytes into supramolecular fibers and microtubes is presented, and it is shown how the addition of small end-caps to well-defined and pH-responsive conjugated oligomers can alter the balance between repulsive and attractive supramolecular forces and enables control of the morphology of the hierarchical assembly process. The assembly stages from nuclei to protofibers are evidenced and a hypothesis on the mechanism of microtubes formation using a combination of analytical methods is provided, revealing different degrees of order at different scales along the structural hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zheng
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huanhuan Feng
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M van den Broek
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Renko de Vries
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Abstract
Principles rooted in supramolecular chemistry have empowered new and highly functional therapeutics and drug delivery devices. This general approach offers elegant tools rooted in molecular and materials engineered to address the many challenges faced in treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Webber
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame IN 46556
- USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
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9
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Schoonen L, van Hest JCM. Compartmentalization Approaches in Soft Matter Science: From Nanoreactor Development to Organelle Mimics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1109-28. [PMID: 26509964 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentalization is an essential feature found in living cells to ensure that biological processes occur without being affected by undesired external influences. Over the years many scientists have designed self-assembled soft matter structures that mimic these natural catalytic compartments. The rationale behind this research is threefold. First of all, compartmentalization leads to the creation of a secluded environment for the catalytic species, which solves compatibility issues and which can improve catalyst efficiency and selectivity. Secondly, nano- and micro-compartments are constructed with the aim to obtain microenvironments that more closely mimic the cellular architecture. These biomimetic platforms are used to attain a better understanding of how cellular processes are executed. Thirdly, natural design rules are applied to create biomolecular assemblies with unusual functionality, which for example are used as artificial organelles. Here, recent developments will be discussed regarding these compartmentalized catalytic systems, with a selected number of illustrative examples to demonstrate which strategies have been followed, and to show to what extent the ambitious goals of this field of science have been reached. The focus here is on the field of soft matter science, covering the wide spectrum from polymeric assemblies to protein nanocages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Schoonen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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Truong NP, Quinn JF, Whittaker MR, Davis TP. Polymeric filomicelles and nanoworms: two decades of synthesis and application. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00639f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the substantial progress in the syntheses and applications of filomicelles, an emerging nanomaterial with distinct and useful properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghia P. Truong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - John F. Quinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, 71515 Assiut, Egypt, and Misr University for Science and Technology, 6 of October City, Egypt
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Soon-Mi Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Guorong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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12
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Yang M, Xu D, Jiang L, Zhang L, Dustin D, Lund R, Liu L, Dong H. Filamentous supramolecular peptide-drug conjugates as highly efficient drug delivery vehicles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:4827-30. [PMID: 24682213 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report here a facile approach to prepare filamentous supramolecular peptide-drug conjugates with precise drug/carrier stoichiometry, nearly 100% loading efficiency and exceptional anti-cancer drug efficacy for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.
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13
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Guo M, Sun R, Han H, Wu J, Xie M, Liao X. Metathesis Cyclopolymerization of 1,6-Heptadiyne Derivative toward Triphenylamine-Functionalized Polyacetylene with Excellent Optoelectronic Properties and Nanocylinder Morphology. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ruyi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Huijing Han
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Meiran Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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14
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Yoon KY, Shin S, Kim YJ, Kim I, Lee E, Choi TL. One-Pot Preparation of 3D Nano- and Microaggregates via In Situ Nanoparticlization of Polyacetylene Diblock Copolymers Produced by ROMP. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1069-74. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Young Yoon
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-747 Korea
| | - Suyong Shin
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-747 Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 305-764 Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 305-764 Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 305-764 Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-747 Korea
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15
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Wang L, Huang H, He T. Rayleigh Instability Induced Cylinder-to-Sphere Transition in Block Copolymer Micelles: Direct Visualization of the Kinetic Pathway. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:433-438. [PMID: 35590777 DOI: 10.1021/mz500158f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Direct visualization of morphological evolution remains extremely challenging despite its critical importance to understand the basic fundamentals behind the transition. Here we report on the detailed observation of a spontaneous cylinder-to-sphere morphological transformation of amphiphilic poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (P2VP-b-PEO) diblock copolymer micelles in aqueous solution, which first provides experimental evidence that the fragmentation pathway is driven by Rayleigh instability showing the distinctive signatures during the transition. Owing to the instability of cylindrical micelles and the fluidity of micellar cores, our results show that the cylindrical micelles spontaneously undulate and transform into spherical micelles through distinct intermediate states, including undulated cylinders and pearl-necklace-like micelles with a perfect sinusoidal wave throughout the length. Moreover, the present system with transitional morphology is proved to be able to act as a model to encapsulate hydrophobic guests in the micellar cores, which displays a relatively sustained release behavior. The specific kinetic pathway provides new insight into the mechanism of block copolymer micellar morphological transition; meanwhile, the dynamic system might serve as a promising candidate for unique nanostructure design as well as contribute to the transition-coupled guest delivery and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10039, P. R. China
| | - Haiying Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10039, P. R. China
| | - Tianbai He
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10039, P. R. China
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16
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Yoon KY, Lee IH, Choi TL. Preparation of defect-free nanocaterpillars via in situ nanoparticlisation of a well-defined polyacetylene block copolymer. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10325d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report one-pot preparation of defect-free nanocaterpillars via in situ nanoparticlisation of conjugated polymers which were prepared by ROMP to produce diblock copolymers containing polyacetylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Young Yoon
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul, Korea
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17
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Chang T, Lord MS, Bergmann B, Macmillan A, Stenzel MH. Size effects of self-assembled block copolymer spherical micelles and vesicles on cellular uptake in human colon carcinoma cells. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:2883-2891. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21751e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Block copolymers, poly(oligo ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate)-block-poly(styrene), POEGMEMA-b-PS, with various block lengths were prepared via RAFT polymerization and subsequently self-assembled into various aggregates to investigate their uptake ability into cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Chang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
| | - Megan S. Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
| | - Björn Bergmann
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
- Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT
- 76327 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alex Macmillan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility
- University of New South Wales
- , Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
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18
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Elsabahy M, Li A, Zhang F, Sultan D, Liu Y, Wooley KL. Differential immunotoxicities of poly(ethylene glycol)- vs. poly(carboxybetaine)-coated nanoparticles. J Control Release 2013; 172:641-52. [PMID: 24056145 PMCID: PMC3858532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the careful selection of shell-forming polymers for the construction of nanoparticles is an obvious parameter to consider for shielding of core materials and their payloads, providing for prolonged circulation in vivo by limiting uptake by the immune organs, and thus, allowing accumulation at the target sites, the immunotoxicities that such shielding layers elicit is often overlooked. For instance, we have previously performed rigorous in vitro and in vivo comparisons between two sets of nanoparticles coated with either non-ionic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB), but only now report the immunotoxicity and anti-biofouling properties of both polymers, as homopolymers or nanoparticle-decorating shell, in comparison to the uncoated nanoparticles, and Cremophor-EL, a well-known low molecular weight surfactant used for formulation of several drugs. It was found that both PEG and PCB polymers could induce the expression of cytokines in vitro and in vivo, with PCB being more immunotoxic than PEG, which corroborates the in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profiles of the two sets of nanoparticles. This is the first study to report on the ability of PEG, the most commonly utilized polymer to coat nanomaterials, and PCB, an emerging zwitterionic anti-biofouling polymer, to induce the secretion of cytokines and be of potential immunotoxicity. Furthermore, we report here on the possible use of immunotoxicity assays to partially predict in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut Clinical Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
| | - Fuwu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
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19
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van Oers MCM, Rutjes FPJT, van Hest JCM. Tubular Polymersomes: A Cross-Linker-Induced Shape Transformation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16308-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ja408754z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs C. M. van Oers
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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20
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21
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Landazuri G, Fernandez VVA, Soltero JFA, Rharbi Y. Kinetics of the sphere-to-rod like micelle transition in a pluronic triblock copolymer. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:11720-7. [PMID: 22934621 DOI: 10.1021/jp3009089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of the sphere-to-rod transition was studied in aqueous micelle solutions of triblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) pluronic P103 (PEO(17)PPO(60)PEO(17)). This transition was triggered by a temperature jump from the sphere phase to the rod phase and monitored with dynamic light scattering. The combination of the scattering intensity and the hydrodynamic radius were used to show that the micelles grow steadily as rods throughout the growth process. The transition was found to exhibit a single exponential behavior even in the case of large deviations from equilibrium. The linear increase in the decay rate with increasing copolymer concentration shows that the transition is dominated by a mechanism involving fusion and fragmentation of proper micelles. The decays of the sphere-to-rod transition were simulated for two pathways: random fusion fragmentation and successive addition of spherical micelles to rods. We show that micelle growth most likely occurs via random fusion-fragmentation. The second order rate constant for fusion and the fragmentation rate are calculated for the case of random fusion-fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Landazuri
- Laboratoire de Rhéologie, UJF/INPG/CNRS, UMR 5520, B.P.53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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22
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Yoon KY, Lee IH, Kim KO, Jang J, Lee E, Choi TL. One-Pot in Situ Fabrication of Stable Nanocaterpillars Directly from Polyacetylene Diblock Copolymers Synthesized by Mild Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:14291-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja305150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Young Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - In-Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Kyung Oh Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Jihoon Jang
- Graduate School of Analytical
Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical
Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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23
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Venkataraman S, Hedrick JL, Ong ZY, Yang C, Ee PLR, Hammond PT, Yang YY. The effects of polymeric nanostructure shape on drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:1228-46. [PMID: 21777633 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polymeric nanostructures have long been well-recognized as an excellent candidate for drug delivery applications. With the recent advances in the "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches, development of well-defined polymeric nanostructures of different shapes has been possible. Such a possibility of tailoring the shape of the nanostructures has allowed for the fabrication of model systems with chemically equivalent but topologically different carriers. With these model nanostructures, evaluation of the importance of particle shape in the context of biodistribution, cellular uptake and toxicity has become a major thrust area. Since most of the current polymeric delivery systems are based upon spherical nanostructures, understanding the implications of other shapes will allow for the development of next generation drug delivery vehicles. Herein we will review different approaches to fabricate polymeric nanostructures of various shapes, provide a comprehensive summary on the current understandings of the influence of nanostructures with different shapes on important biological processes in drug delivery, and discuss future perspectives for the development of nanostructures with well-defined shapes for drug delivery.
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24
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Sun G, Cui H, Lin LY, Lee NS, Yang C, Neumann WL, Freskos JN, Shieh JJ, Dorshow RB, Wooley KL. Multicompartment polymer nanostructures with ratiometric dual-emission pH-sensitivity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8534-43. [PMID: 21574617 PMCID: PMC3108251 DOI: 10.1021/ja200182t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazine-labeled multicompartment nanostructures are shown to exhibit enhanced pH-responsive blue-shifted fluorescence emission intensities compared to their simpler core-shell spherical analogs. An amphiphilic linear triblock terpolymer of ethylene oxide, N-acryloxysuccinimide, and styrene, PEO(45)-b-PNAS(105)-b-PS(45), which lacks significant incompatibility for the hydrophobic block segments and undergoes gradual hydrolysis of the NAS units, underwent supramolecular assembly in mixtures of organic solvent and water to afford multicompartment micelles (MCMs) with a narrow size distribution. The assembly process was followed over time and found to evolve from individual polymer nanodroplets containing internally phase segregated domains, of increasing definition, and ultimately to dissociate into discrete micelles. Upon covalent cross-linking of the MCMs with pH-insensitive pyrazine-based diamino cross-linkers, pH-responsive, photonic multicompartment nanostructures (MCNs) were produced. These MCNs exhibited significant enhancement of overall structural stability, in comparison with the MCMs, and internal structural tunability through the cross-linking chemistry. Meanwhile, the complex compartmentalized morphology exerted unique pH-responsive fluorescence dual-emission properties, indicating promise in ratiometric pH-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218
| | - Lily Yun Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842
| | - Nam S. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842
| | - William L. Neumann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Pharmacy, Edwardsville, IL 62026
| | | | | | | | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842
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25
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Morikawa MA, Kim K, Kinoshita H, Yasui K, Kasai Y, Kimizuka N. Aqueous Nanospheres Self-Assembled from Hyperbranched Polymers and Silver Ions: Molecular Inclusion and Photoreduction Characteristics. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1017956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masa-aki Morikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST CREST, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kwonil Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kei Yasui
- Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., 722-1 Tsuboi-cho, Funabashi 274-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kasai
- Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., 722-1 Tsuboi-cho, Funabashi 274-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Research Center for Molecular Systems (IRCMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST CREST, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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26
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Lin W, Zheng C, Wan X, Liang D, Zhou Q. Transition of Large Compound Micelles into Cylinders in Dilute Solution: Kinetic Study. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1006057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Cui Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Dehai Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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27
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Design and stabilization of block copolymer micelles via phenol–pyridine hydrogen-bonding interactions. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Cheng H, Yuan X, Sun X, Li K, Zhou Y, Yan D. Effect of Degree of Branching on the Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Hyperbranched Multiarm Copolymers. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902452p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xijing Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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29
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Li X, Liu G. Layer-by-layer deposition of block copolymer nanofibers and porous nanofiber multilayer films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:10811-10819. [PMID: 19735136 DOI: 10.1021/la9013625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report in this paper the preparation of multilayer films from the layer-by-layer deposition of block copolymer nanofibers bearing carboxyl and amine groups in their coronas. The film formation process was followed by atomic force microscopy and UV absorbance measurements. For the large size of the nanofibers and probably also for the difficulty associated with reshuffling the positions of nanofibers once they were adsorbed by an underlying layer, nanofibers could not be packed densely. We took advantage of this "defective" feature and showed that these porous nanofiber multilayer films could be used to separate nanospheres of different sizes and probably also of different surface functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, 90 Bader Lane, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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30
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Kabanov A, Vinogradov S. Nanogele als pharmazeutische Trägersysteme: winzige Netzwerke mit großen Möglichkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Kabanov AV, Vinogradov SV. Nanogels as pharmaceutical carriers: finite networks of infinite capabilities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:5418-29. [PMID: 19562807 PMCID: PMC2872506 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 889] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels are swollen nanosized networks composed of hydrophilic or amphiphilic polymer chains. They are developed as carriers for the transport of drugs, and can be designed to spontaneously incorporate biologically active molecules through formation of salt bonds, hydrogen bonds, or hydrophobic interactions. Polyelectrolyte nanogels can readily incorporate oppositely charged low-molecular-mass drugs and biomacromolecules such as oligo- and polynucleotides (siRNA, DNA) as well as proteins. The guest molecules interact electrostatically with the ionic polymer chains of the gel and become bound within the finite nanogel. Multiple chemical functionalities can be employed in the nanogels to introduce imaging labels and to allow targeted drug delivery. The latter can be achieved, for example, with degradable or cleavable cross-links. Recent studies suggest that nanogels have a very promising future in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830 (United States); Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Serguei V. Vinogradov
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830 (United States)
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32
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Zhang K, Fang H, Chen Z, Taylor JSA, Wooley KL. Shape effects of nanoparticles conjugated with cell-penetrating peptides (HIV Tat PTD) on CHO cell uptake. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1880-7. [PMID: 18690739 PMCID: PMC2697497 DOI: 10.1021/bc800160b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to probe the nanoparticle shape/size effect on cellular uptake, a spherical and two cylindrical nanoparticles, whose lengths were distinctively varied, were constructed by the selective cross-linking of amphiphilic block copolymer micelles. Herein, we demonstrate that, when the nanoparticles were functionalized with the protein transduction domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein (HIV Tat PTD), the smaller, spherical nanoparticles had a higher rate of cell entry into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells than did the larger, cylindrical nanoparticles. It was also found that nanoparticles were released after internalization and that the rate of cell exit was dependent on both the nanoparticle shape and the amount of surface-bound PTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University School of Arts and Sciences, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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33
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Zhang K, Yu X, Gao L, Chen Y, Yang Z. Mesostructured spheres of organic/inorganic hybrid from gelable block copolymers and arched nano-objects thereof. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:6542-6548. [PMID: 18507405 DOI: 10.1021/la800096w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mesostructured microspheres formed by aerosol-assisted self-assembly of a gelable block copolymer, poly(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate)- block-polystyrene (PTEPM -b-PS), were studied by a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). When the copolymer composition was changed, the spheres with different internal patterns, such as onion-like lamella and curved cylinder, were obtained. Through a self-gelation process of PTEPM domains, novel organic/inorganic hybrid spheres with an internal tunable patterned structure were prepared. Since only PTEMP domains were cross-linked, the hybrid spheres could be further disintegrated by dispersion in a good solvent of PS. As a result, novel organic/inorganic hybrid nano-objects such as arched plates and cylinders were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Sciences and Materials, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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34
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Zhang K, Rossin R, Hagooly A, Chen Z, Welch MJ, Wooley KL. Folate-mediated Cell Uptake of Shell-crosslinked Spheres and Cylinders. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART A, POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2008; 46:7578-7583. [PMID: 19855851 PMCID: PMC2765714 DOI: 10.1002/pola.23020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis of shell crosslinked nanoparticles (SCKs) of spherical and cylindrical shapes, and their functionalization with folate using a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) construct that has folate and an amine group as the opposing chain termini. By use of confocal microscopy, we demonstrate the selective delivery of folate conjugated SCKs to human KB cells, a cell line that overexpresses the folate receptor (FR). A higher extent of polymer uptake by the cells occurred with the cylindrical SCK morphology, relative to the spherical SCKs, when both samples had the same fluorescein-5-thiosemicarbazide and polymer concentrations. In both cases, by using excess free folic acid as a block or SCKs lacking the folate-PEG conjugate, cell uptake was significantly reduced. These results suggest that particle shape may play an important role in receptor-mediated cell uptake, and may be exploited in the targeted delivery of nanoscopic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Raffaella Rossin
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Aviv Hagooly
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Michael J. Welch
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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NARITA A, CHUJO Y. Functionalization of Inorganic Nanoparticles with Organic Molecules. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2008. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.65.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asako NARITA
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
- Advanced Software Technology & Mechatronics Research Institute of Kyoto (ASTEM)
| | - Yoshiki CHUJO
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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Kim YH, Ford WT, Mourey TH. Branched poly(styrene-b-tert-butyl acrylate) and poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid) by ATRP from a dendritic poly(propylene imine)(NH2)64core. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Tung PH, Kuo SW, Chen SC, Lin CL, Chang FC. Micellar morphologies of self-associated diblock copolymers in acetone solution. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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GENG YAN, DALHAIMER PAUL, CAI SHENSHEN, TSAI RICHARD, TEWARI MANORAMA, MINKO TAMARA, DISCHER DENNISE. Shape effects of filaments versus spherical particles in flow and drug delivery. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 2:249-55. [PMID: 18654271 PMCID: PMC2740330 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2007.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1830] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of spherical particles with cells and within animals has been studied extensively, but the effects of shape have received little attention. Here we use highly stable, polymer micelle assemblies known as filomicelles to compare the transport and trafficking of flexible filaments with spheres of similar chemistry. In rodents, filomicelles persisted in the circulation up to one week after intravenous injection. This is about ten times longer than their spherical counterparts and is more persistent than any known synthetic nanoparticle. Under fluid flow conditions, spheres and short filomicelles are taken up by cells more readily than longer filaments because the latter are extended by the flow. Preliminary results further demonstrate that filomicelles can effectively deliver the anticancer drug paclitaxel and shrink human-derived tumours in mice. Although these findings show that long-circulating vehicles need not be nanospheres, they also lend insight into possible shape effects of natural filamentous viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- YAN GENG
- NanoBioPolymers and Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - PAUL DALHAIMER
- NanoBioPolymers and Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - SHENSHEN CAI
- NanoBioPolymers and Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - RICHARD TSAI
- NanoBioPolymers and Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - MANORAMA TEWARI
- NanoBioPolymers and Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - TAMARA MINKO
- Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - DENNIS E. DISCHER
- NanoBioPolymers and Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Correspondence and requests for material should be addressed to D.E.D. e-mail:
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Ding K, Alemdaroglu FE, Börsch M, Berger R, Herrmann A. Engineering the Structural Properties of DNA Block Copolymer Micelles by Molecular Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:1172-5. [PMID: 17211912 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ding
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Ding K, Alemdaroglu F, Börsch M, Berger R, Herrmann A. Einstellen der strukturellen Eigenschaften von DNA-Blockcopolymermicellen durch molekulare Erkennung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200603064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Koh K, Liu G, Willson CG. Grafting and Patterned Grafting of Block Copolymer Nanotubes onto Inorganic Substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:15921-7. [PMID: 17147405 DOI: 10.1021/ja066684d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical patterning of inorganic substrates by soft lithography has enabled various high-tech applications and cutting-edge fundamental research. In this paper, we report on methods for the grafting and patterned grafting of block copolymer nanotubes onto glass and mica surfaces. Under optimized conditions the density of such grafted nanotubes can be high, and most of the grafted tubes are in a standing position even after solvent evaporation. Surfaces modified with exotic reagents such as block copolymer nanofibers or nanotubes may find applications in biosensing, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmoo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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Zubarev ER, Sone ED, Stupp SI. The Molecular Basis of Self-Assembly of Dendron–Rod–Coils into One-Dimensional Nanostructures. Chemistry 2006; 12:7313-27. [PMID: 16892475 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a comprehensive study of solution and solid-state properties of self-assembling triblock molecules composed of a hydrophilic dendron covalently linked to an aromatic rigid rod segment, which is in turn connected to a hydrophobic flexible coil. These dendron-rod-coil (DRC) molecules form well-defined supramolecular structures that possess a ribbonlike morphology as revealed by transmission-electron and atomic-force microscopy. In a large variety of aprotic solvents, the DRC ribbons create stable networks that form gels at concentrations as low as 0.2% by weight DRC. The gels are thermally irreversible and do not melt at elevated temperatures, indicating high stability as a result of strong noncovalent interactions among DRC molecules. NMR experiments show that the strong interactions leading to aggregation involve mainly the dendron and rodlike blocks, whereas oligoisoprene coil segments remain solvated after gelation. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) profiles of different DRC molecules demonstrate an excellent correlation between the degree-of-order in the solid-state and the stability of gels. Studies on two series of analogous molecules suggest that self-assembly is very sensitive to subtle structural changes and requires the presence of at least four hydroxyl groups in the dendron, two biphenyl units in the rod, and a coil segment with a size comparable to that of the rodlike block. A detailed analysis of crystal structures of model compounds revealed the formation of stable one-dimensional structures that involve two types of noncovalent interactions, aromatic pi-pi stacking and hydrogen bonding. Most importantly, the crystal structure of the rod-dendron compound shows that hydrogen bonding not only drives the formation of head-to-head cyclic structures, but also generates multiple linkages between them along the stacking direction. The cyclic structures are tetrameric in nature and stack into ribbonlike objects. We believe that DRC molecules utilize the same arrangement of hydrogen bonds and stacking of aromatic blocks observed in the crystals, explaining the exceptional stability of the nanostructures in extremely dilute solutions as well the thermal stability of the gels they form. This study provides mechanistic insights on self-assembly of triblock molecules, and unveils general strategies to create well-defined one-dimensional supramolecular objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene R Zubarev
- Department of Chemistry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Anomalous dilute solution properties of segmented polydimethylsiloxane–polyurea copolymers in isopropyl alcohol. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sunintaboon P, Ho KM, Li P, Cheng SZD, Harris FW. Formation of Nanostructured Materials via Coalescence of Amphiphilic Hollow Particles. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:2168-9. [PMID: 16478143 DOI: 10.1021/ja056065p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new, simplified route to amphiphilic core-shell nanotubes, microfibers, and microrods has been developed that does not involve the traditional utilization of well-defined block copolymers. Thus, amphiphilic graft copolymers (PEI-g-PMMA) are prepared by an aqueous free radical polymerization that self-assemble in situ to form uniform core-shell nanoparticles. The hydrophobic homopolymer (PMMA) that is also formed is incorporated in the cores. Slight cross-linking of the shells followed by extraction of the homopolymer results in hollow nanoparticles that coalesce to form nanotubes. When the shells are not cross-linked, the hollow particles coalesce to form microrods and microfibers. The sizes and shapes of the micromaterials can be controlled by varying the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panya Sunintaboon
- Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, USA
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Song L, Lam YM. Selective betainization of PS-P4VP and solution properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:319-24. [PMID: 16378438 DOI: 10.1021/la0514415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the structure and function of supramolecular self-assemblies gives rise to many patterning possibilities. Making use of the interactions between the copolymers and solvent provides a neat way of controlling the structures. The pyridine residues of each of the diblock copolymer polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-P4VP) was selectively betainized using 1,3-propane sultone under mild conditions to yield a series of novel betaine diblock copolymers in chloroform and toluene, respectively. The solution properties were studied using dynamic light scattering, static light scattering, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The morphology of the resulting micellar film was studied using transmission electron microscopy. The size of the micelles formed was found to be strongly dependent on the amount of sultone grafted and the shape of PS-P4VP-sultone micelle changed from spherical to elongated with different PS-P4VP-to-sultone ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
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Abstract
The last decade of research in the physical sciences has seen a dramatic increase in the study of nanoscale materials. Today, "nanoscience" has emerged as a multidisciplinary effort, wherein obtaining a fundamental understanding of the optical, electrical, magnetic, and mechanical properties of nanostructures promises to deliver the next generation of functional materials for a wide range of applications. While this range of efforts is extremely broad, much of the work has focused on "hard" materials, such as Buckyballs, carbon nanotubes, metals, semiconductors, and organic or inorganic dielectrics. Meanwhile, the soft materials of current interest typically include conducting or emissive polymers for "plastic electronics" applications. Despite the continued interest in these established areas of nanoscience, new classes of soft nanomaterials are being developed from more traditional polymeric constructs. Specifically, nanostructured hydrogels are emerging as a promising group of materials for multiple biotechnology applications as the need for advanced materials in the post-genomic era grows. This review will present some of the recent advances in the marriage between water-swellable networks and nanoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Nayak
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, 30332-0400, USA
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