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Richard SA. Elucidating the pivotal molecular mechanisms, therapeutic and neuroprotective effects of lithium in traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3595. [PMID: 38874089 PMCID: PMC11177180 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) refers to damage to brain tissue by mechanical or blunt force via trauma. TBI is often associated with impaired cognitive abilities, like difficulties in memory, learning, attention, and other higher brain functions, that typically remain for years after the injury. Lithium is an elementary light metal that is only utilized in salt form due to its high intrinsic reactivity. This current review discusses the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic and neuroprotective effects of lithium in TBI. METHOD The "Boolean logic" was used to search for articles on the subject matter in PubMed and PubMed Central, as well as Google Scholar. RESULTS Lithium's therapeutic action is extremely complex, involving multiple effects on gene secretion, neurotransmitter or receptor-mediated signaling, signal transduction processes, circadian modulation, as well as ion transport. Lithium is able to normalize multiple short- as well as long-term modifications in neuronal circuits that ultimately result in disparity in cortical excitation and inhibition activated by TBI. Also, lithium levels are more distinct in the hippocampus, thalamus, neo-cortex, olfactory bulb, amygdala as well as the gray matter of the cerebellum following treatment of TBI. CONCLUSION Lithium attenuates neuroinflammation and neuronal toxicity as well as protects the brain from edema, hippocampal neurodegeneration, loss of hemispheric tissues, and enhanced memory as well as spatial learning after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidu A Richard
- Department of Medicine, Princefield University, Ho, Ghana
- Institute of Neuroscience, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Bortolozzi A, Fico G, Berk M, Solmi M, Fornaro M, Quevedo J, Zarate CA, Kessing LV, Vieta E, Carvalho AF. New Advances in the Pharmacology and Toxicology of Lithium: A Neurobiologically Oriented Overview. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:323-357. [PMID: 38697859 PMCID: PMC11068842 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last six decades, lithium has been considered the gold standard treatment for the long-term management of bipolar disorder due to its efficacy in preventing both manic and depressive episodes as well as suicidal behaviors. Nevertheless, despite numerous observed effects on various cellular pathways and biologic systems, the precise mechanism through which lithium stabilizes mood remains elusive. Furthermore, there is recent support for the therapeutic potential of lithium in other brain diseases. This review offers a comprehensive examination of contemporary understanding and predominant theories concerning the diverse mechanisms underlying lithium's effects. These findings are based on investigations utilizing cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have provided additional support for the significance of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibition as a crucial mechanism. Furthermore, research has shed more light on the interconnections between GSK3-mediated neuroprotective, antioxidant, and neuroplasticity processes. Moreover, recent advancements in animal and human models have provided valuable insights into how lithium-induced modifications at the homeostatic synaptic plasticity level may play a pivotal role in its clinical effectiveness. We focused on findings from translational studies suggesting that lithium may interface with microRNA expression. Finally, we are exploring the repurposing potential of lithium beyond bipolar disorder. These recent findings on the therapeutic mechanisms of lithium have provided important clues toward developing predictive models of response to lithium treatment and identifying new biologic targets. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Lithium is the drug of choice for the treatment of bipolar disorder, but its mechanism of action in stabilizing mood remains elusive. This review presents the latest evidence on lithium's various mechanisms of action. Recent evidence has strengthened glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibition, changes at the level of homeostatic synaptic plasticity, and regulation of microRNA expression as key mechanisms, providing an intriguing perspective that may help bridge the mechanistic gap between molecular functions and its clinical efficacy as a mood stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analia Bortolozzi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Giovanna Fico
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Michael Berk
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Marco Solmi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Lars V Kessing
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
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Zong P, Feng J, Legere N, Li Y, Yue Z, Li CX, Mori Y, Miller B, Hao B, Yue L. TRPM2 enhances ischemic excitotoxicity by associating with PKCγ. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113722. [PMID: 38308841 PMCID: PMC11023021 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated glutamate excitotoxicity significantly contributes to ischemic neuronal death and post-recanalization infarction expansion. Despite tremendous efforts, targeting NMDARs has proven unsuccessful in clinical trials for mitigating brain injury. Here, we show the discovery of an interaction motif for transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) and protein kinase Cγ (PKCγ) association and demonstrate that TRPM2-PKCγ uncoupling is an effective therapeutic strategy for attenuating NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity in ischemic stroke. We demonstrate that the TRPM2-PKCγ interaction allows TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ influx to promote PKCγ activation, which subsequently enhances TRPM2-induced potentiation of extrasynaptic NMDAR (esNMDAR) activity. By identifying the PKCγ binding motif on TRPM2 (M2PBM), which directly associates with the C2 domain of PKCγ, an interfering peptide (TAT-M2PBM) is developed to disrupt TRPM2-PKCγ interaction without compromising PKCγ function. M2PBM deletion or TRPM2-PKCγ dissociation abolishes both TRPM2-PKCγ and TRPM2-esNMDAR couplings, resulting in reduced excitotoxic neuronal death and attenuated ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, 337 Mansfield Road, Unit 1272, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jianlin Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Nicholas Legere
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Zhichao Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Cindy X Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, 337 Mansfield Road, Unit 1272, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Barbara Miller
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Bing Hao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Zhang L, Zhang C, Dong X, Dong Z. Highly Selective Transmembrane Transport of Exogenous Lithium Ions through Rationally Designed Supramolecular Channels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214194. [PMID: 36478069 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lithium ions have been applied in the clinic in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In this work, we report artificial supramolecular lithium channels composed of pore-containing small aromatic molecules. By adjusting the lumen size and coordination numbers, we found that one of the supramolecular channels developed shows unprecedented transmembrane transport of exogenous lithium ions with a Li+ /Na+ selectivity ratio of 23.0, which is in the same level of that of natural Na+ channels. Furthermore, four coordination sites inside channels are found to be the basic requirement for ion transport function. Importantly, this artificial lithium channel displays very low transport of physiological Na+ , K+ , Mg2+ , and Ca2+ ions. This highly selective Li+ channel may become an important tool for studying the physiological role of intracellular lithium ions, especially in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.,Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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5
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Ghanaatfar F, Ghanaatfar A, Isapour P, Farokhi N, Bozorgniahosseini S, Javadi M, Gholami M, Ulloa L, Coleman-Fuller N, Motaghinejad M. Is lithium neuroprotective? An updated mechanistic illustrated review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:4-30. [PMID: 35996185 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a pathological process characterized by progressive neuronal impairment, dysfunction, and loss due to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Many studies have shown that lithium protects against neurodegeneration. Herein, we summarize recent clinical and laboratory studies on the neuroprotective effects of lithium against neurodegeneration and its potential to modulate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent findings indicate that lithium regulates critical intracellular pathways such as phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3β) and PI3/Akt/response element-binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We queried PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Elsevier, and other related databases using search terms related to lithium and its neuroprotective effect in various neurodegenerative diseases and events from January 2000 to May 2022. We reviewed the major findings and mechanisms proposed for the effects of lithium. Lithium's neuroprotective potential against neural cell degeneration is mediated by inducing anti-inflammatory factors, antioxidant enzymes, and free radical scavengers to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction. Lithium effects are regulated by two essential pathways: PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF. Lithium acts as a neuroprotective agent against neurodegeneration by preventing inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction using PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Ghanaatfar
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanaatfar
- Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Parisa Isapour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Negin Farokhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahshid Javadi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Gholami
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalie Coleman-Fuller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hamstra SI, Roy BD, Tiidus P, MacNeil AJ, Klentrou P, MacPherson RE, Fajardo VA. Beyond its Psychiatric Use: The Benefits of Low-dose Lithium Supplementation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:891-910. [PMID: 35236261 PMCID: PMC10227915 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220302151224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is most well-known for its mood-stabilizing effects in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Due to its narrow therapeutic window (0.5-1.2 mM serum concentration), there is a stigma associated with lithium treatment and the adverse effects that can occur at therapeutic doses. However, several studies have indicated that doses of lithium under the predetermined therapeutic dose used in bipolar disorder treatment may have beneficial effects not only in the brain but across the body. Currently, literature shows that low-dose lithium (≤0.5 mM) may be beneficial for cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, metabolic, and cognitive function, as well as inflammatory and antioxidant processes of the aging body. There is also some evidence of low-dose lithium exerting a similar and sometimes synergistic effect on these systems. This review summarizes these findings with a focus on low-dose lithium's potential benefits on the aging process and age-related diseases of these systems, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, obesity and type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and the chronic low-grade inflammatory state known as inflammaging. Although lithium's actions have been widely studied in the brain, the study of the potential benefits of lithium, particularly at a low dose, is still relatively novel. Therefore, this review aims to provide possible mechanistic insights for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie I. Hamstra
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian D. Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Tiidus
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca E.K. MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Lithium Biological Action Mechanisms after Ischemic Stroke. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111680. [DOI: 10.3390/life12111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is a source of great scientific interest because although it has such a simple structure, relatively easy-to-analyze chemistry, and well-established physical properties, the plethora of effects on biological systems—which influence numerous cellular and molecular processes through not entirely explained mechanisms of action—generate a mystery that modern science is still trying to decipher. Lithium has multiple effects on neurotransmitter-mediated receptor signaling, ion transport, signaling cascades, hormonal regulation, circadian rhythm, and gene expression. The biochemical mechanisms of lithium action appear to be multifactorial and interrelated with the functioning of several enzymes, hormones, vitamins, and growth and transformation factors. The widespread and chaotic marketing of lithium salts in potions and mineral waters, always at inadequate concentrations for various diseases, has contributed to the general disillusionment with empirical medical hypotheses about the therapeutic role of lithium. Lithium salts were first used therapeutically in 1850 to relieve the symptoms of gout, rheumatism, and kidney stones. In 1949, Cade was credited with discovering the sedative effect of lithium salts in the state of manic agitation, but frequent cases of intoxication accompanied the therapy. In the 1960s, lithium was shown to prevent manic and also depressive recurrences. This prophylactic effect was first demonstrated in an open-label study using the “mirror” method and was later (after 1970) confirmed by several placebo-controlled double-blind studies. Lithium prophylaxis was similarly effective in bipolar and also unipolar patients. In 1967, the therapeutic value of lithemia was determined, included in the range of 0.5–1.5 mEq/L. Recently, new therapeutic perspectives on lithium are connected with improved neurological outcomes after ischemic stroke. The effects of lithium on the development and maintenance of neuroprotection can be divided into two categories: short-term effects and long-term effects. Unfortunately, the existing studies do not fully explain the lithium biological action mechanisms after ischemic stroke.
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Schepetkin IA, Chernysheva GA, Aliev OI, Kirpotina LN, Smol’yakova VI, Osipenko AN, Plotnikov MB, Kovrizhina AR, Khlebnikov AI, Plotnikov EV, Quinn MT. Neuroprotective Effects of the Lithium Salt of a Novel JNK Inhibitor in an Animal Model of Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092119. [PMID: 36140222 PMCID: PMC9495587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) regulate many physiological processes, including inflammatory responses, morphogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and cell death. Therefore, JNKs represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. In an effort to develop improved JNK inhibitors, we synthesized the lithium salt of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11-one oxime (IQ-1L) and evaluated its affinity for JNK and biological activity in vitro and in vivo. According to density functional theory (DFT) modeling, the Li+ ion stabilizes the six-membered ring with the 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11-one (IQ-1) oximate better than Na+. Molecular docking showed that the Z isomer of the IQ-1 oximate should bind JNK1 and JNK3 better than (E)-IQ-1. Indeed, experimental analysis showed that IQ-1L exhibited higher JNK1-3 binding affinity in comparison with IQ-1S. IQ-1L also was a more effective inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB/activating protein 1 (NF-κB/AP-1) transcriptional activity in THP-1Blue monocytes and was a potent inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine production by MonoMac-6 monocytic cells. In addition, IQ-1L inhibited LPS-induced c-Jun phosphorylation in MonoMac-6 cells, directly confirming JNK inhibition. In a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia (FCI), intraperitoneal injections of 12 mg/kg IQ-1L led to significant neuroprotective effects, decreasing total neurological deficit scores by 28, 29, and 32% at 4, 24, and 48 h after FCI, respectively, and reducing infarct size by 52% at 48 h after FCI. The therapeutic efficacy of 12 mg/kg IQ-1L was comparable to that observed with 25 mg/kg of IQ-1S, indicating that complexation with Li+ improved efficacy of this compound. We conclude that IQ-1L is more effective than IQ-1S in treating cerebral ischemia injury and thus represents a promising anti-inflammatory compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Galina A. Chernysheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oleg I. Aliev
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Liliya N. Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Vera I. Smol’yakova
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anton N. Osipenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovskiy tract, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mark B. Plotnikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
- Radiophysical Faculty, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Evgenii V. Plotnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-406-994-4707; Fax: +1-406-994-4303
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Almeida OP, Singulani MP, Ford AH, Hackett ML, Etherton-Beer C, Flicker L, Hankey GJ, De Paula VJR, Penteado CT, Forlenza OV. Lithium and Stroke Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Stroke Models in Rodents and Human Data. Stroke 2022; 53:2935-2944. [PMID: 35968702 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.039203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lithium has neuroprotective effects in animal models of stroke, but benefits in humans remain uncertain. This article aims to systematically review the available evidence of the neuroprotective and regenerative effects of lithium in animal models of stroke, as well as in observational and trial stroke studies in humans. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO for preclinical and clinical studies published between January 2000 and September 2021. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted from observational studies. RESULTS From 1625 retrieved studies, 42 were included in the systematic review. Of those, we identified 36 rodent models of stroke using preinsult or postinsult treatment with lithium, and 6 studies were conducted in human samples, of which 4 could be meta-analyzed. The review of animal models was stratified according to the type of stroke and outcomes. Human data were subdivided into observational and intervention studies. Treatment of rodents with lithium was associated with smaller stroke volumes, decreased apoptosis, and improved poststroke function. In humans, exposure to lithium was associated with a lower risk of stroke among adults with bipolar disorder in 2 of 4 studies. Two small trials showed equivocal clinical benefits of lithium poststroke. CONCLUSIONS Animal models of stroke show consistent biological and functional evidence of benefits associated with lithium treatment, whereas human evidence remains sparse and inconclusive. The potential role of lithium in poststroke recovery is yet to be adequately tested in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo P Almeida
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O.P.A., A.H.F., C.E.B., L.F., G.J.H.)
| | - Monique P Singulani
- Laboratory of Neuroscience LIM27, Department and Institute of Psychiatry HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (M.P.S., V.J.R.D.P., C.T.P., O.V.F.)
| | - Andrew H Ford
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O.P.A., A.H.F., C.E.B., L.F., G.J.H.)
| | - Maree L Hackett
- The George Institute for Global Health, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (M.L.H.)
| | - Christopher Etherton-Beer
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O.P.A., A.H.F., C.E.B., L.F., G.J.H.)
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O.P.A., A.H.F., C.E.B., L.F., G.J.H.)
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O.P.A., A.H.F., C.E.B., L.F., G.J.H.)
| | - Vanessa J R De Paula
- Laboratory of Neuroscience LIM27, Department and Institute of Psychiatry HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (M.P.S., V.J.R.D.P., C.T.P., O.V.F.)
| | - Camila T Penteado
- Laboratory of Neuroscience LIM27, Department and Institute of Psychiatry HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (M.P.S., V.J.R.D.P., C.T.P., O.V.F.)
| | - Orestes V Forlenza
- Laboratory of Neuroscience LIM27, Department and Institute of Psychiatry HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (M.P.S., V.J.R.D.P., C.T.P., O.V.F.)
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10
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Hung SY, Chung HY, Luo ST, Chu YT, Chen YH, MacDonald IJ, Chien SY, Kotha P, Yang LY, Hwang LL, Dun NJ, Chuang DM, Chen YH. Electroacupuncture improves TBI dysfunction by targeting HDAC overexpression and BDNF-associated Akt/GSK-3β signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:880267. [PMID: 36016833 PMCID: PMC9396337 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.880267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acupuncture or electroacupuncture (EA) appears to be a potential treatment in acute clinical traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, it remains uncertain whether acupuncture affects post-TBI histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression or impacts other biochemical/neurobiological events. Materials and methods We used behavioral testing, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analysis to evaluate the cellular and molecular effects of EA at LI4 and LI11 in both weight drop-impact acceleration (WD)- and controlled cortical impact (CCI)-induced TBI models. Results Both WD- and CCI-induced TBI caused behavioral dysfunction, increased cortical levels of HDAC1 and HDAC3 isoforms, activated microglia and astrocytes, and decreased cortical levels of BDNF as well as its downstream mediators phosphorylated-Akt and phosphorylated-GSK-3β. Application of EA reversed motor, sensorimotor, and learning/memory deficits. EA also restored overexpression of HDAC1 and HDAC3, and recovered downregulation of BDNF-associated signaling in the cortex of TBI mice. Conclusion The results strongly suggest that acupuncture has multiple benefits against TBI-associated adverse behavioral and biochemical effects and that the underlying mechanisms are likely mediated by targeting HDAC overexpression and aberrant BDNF-associated Akt/GSK-3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ya Hung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Ting Luo
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chu
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Iona J. MacDonald
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Chien
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peddanna Kotha
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ling Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nae J. Dun
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - De-Maw Chuang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yi-Hung Chen,
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11
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Zong P, Feng J, Yue Z, Li Y, Wu G, Sun B, He Y, Miller B, Yu AS, Su Z, Xie J, Mori Y, Hao B, Yue L. Functional coupling of TRPM2 and extrasynaptic NMDARs exacerbates excitotoxicity in ischemic brain injury. Neuron 2022; 110:1944-1958.e8. [PMID: 35421327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity induced by NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation is a major cause of neuronal death in ischemic stroke. However, past efforts of directly targeting NMDARs have unfortunately failed in clinical trials. Here, we reveal an unexpected mechanism underlying NMDAR-mediated neurotoxicity, which leads to the identification of a novel target and development of an effective therapeutic peptide for ischemic stroke. We show that NMDAR-induced excitotoxicity is enhanced by physical and functional coupling of NMDAR to an ion channel TRPM2 upon ischemic insults. TRPM2-NMDAR association promotes the surface expression of extrasynaptic NMDARs, leading to enhanced NMDAR activity and increased neuronal death. We identified a specific NMDAR-interacting motif on TRPM2 and designed a membrane-permeable peptide to uncouple the TRPM2-NMDAR interaction. This disrupting peptide protects neurons against ischemic injury in vitro and protects mice against ischemic stroke in vivo. These findings provide an unconventional strategy to mitigate excitotoxic neuronal death without directly targeting NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jianlin Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Zhichao Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Gongxiong Wu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Laboratory for Translational Research, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Baonan Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Barbara Miller
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Albert S Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Zhongping Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; The World Premier International Research Initiative, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Bing Hao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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12
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Tai SH, Huang SY, Chao LC, Lin YW, Huang CC, Wu TS, Shan YS, Lee AH, Lee EJ. Lithium upregulates growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) in cultured neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and improves electrophysiological outcomes in rats subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia following a long-term recovery period. Neurol Res 2022; 44:870-878. [PMID: 35348035 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2056817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lithium has numerous neuroplastic and neuroprotective effects in patients with stroke. Here, we evaluated whether delayed and short-term lithium treatment reduces brain infarction volume and improves electrophysiological and neurobehavioral outcomes following long-term recovery after cerebral ischemia and the possible contributions of lithium-mediated mechanisms of neuroplasticity. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 min, followed by 28 days of recovery. Lithium chloride (1 mEq/kg) or vehicle was administered via intraperitoneal infusion once per day at 24 h after reperfusion onset. Neurobehavioral outcomes and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) were examined before and 28 days after ischemia-reperfusion. Brain infarction was assessed using Nissl staining. Primary cortical neuron cultures were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and treated with 2 or 20 μM lithium for 24 or 48 h; subsequent brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), and synaptosomal-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25) levels were analyzed using western blotting. RESULTS Compared to controls, lithium significantly reduced infarction volume in the ischemic brain and improved electrophysiological and neurobehavioral outcomes at 28 days post-insult. In cultured cortical neurons, BDNF, GAP-43, and PSD-95 expression were enhanced by 24- and 48-h treatment with lithium after OGD. CONCLUSION Lithium upregulates BDNF, GAP-43, and PSD-95, which partly accounts for its improvement of neuroplasticity and provision of long-term neuroprotection in the ischemic brain.Abbreviations: BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; ECM: extracellular matrix; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; GAP-43: growth-associated protein-43; GSK-3β: glycogen synthase kinase-3β; HBSS: Hank's balanced salt solution; LCBF: local cortical blood perfusion; LDF: laser-Doppler flowmetry; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartate; NMDAR: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; OCT: optimal cutting temperature compound; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; PSD-95: postsynaptic density-95; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; SNAP-25: synaptosomal-associated protein-25; SSEP: somatosensory evoked potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Huang Tai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Huang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chun Chao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Lin
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Huang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hua Lee
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - E-Jian Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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13
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Ates N, Caglayan A, Balcikanli Z, Sertel E, Beker MC, Dilsiz P, Caglayan AB, Celik S, Dasdelen MF, Caglayan B, Yigitbasi T, Ozbek H, Doeppner TR, Hermann DM, Kilic E. Phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt at Thr308, but not MAPK kinase, mediates lithium-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia in mice. Exp Neurol 2022; 351:113996. [PMID: 35122865 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.113996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lithium, in addition to its effect on acute and long-term bipolar disorder, is involved in neuroprotection after ischemic stroke. Yet, its mechanism of action is still poorly understood, which was only limited to its modulatory effect on GSK pathway. Therefore, we initially analyzed the dose-dependent effects of lithium on neurological deficits, infarct volume, brain edema and blood-brain barrier integrity, along with neuronal injury and survival in mice subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. Thereafter, we investigated the involvement of the PI3K/Akt and MEK signal transduction pathways and their components. Our observations revealed that 2 mmol/kg lithium significantly improved post-ischemic brain tissue survival. Although, 2 mmol/kg lithium had no negative effect on brain microcirculation, 5 and 20 mmol/kg lithium reduced brain perfusion. Furthermore, supratherapeutic dose of lithium in 20 mmol/kg lead to animal death. In addition, improvement of brain perfusion with L-arginine, did not change the effect of 5 mmol/kg lithium on brain injury. Additionally, post-stroke blood-brain barrier leakage, hemodynamic impairment and apoptosis have been reversed by lithium treatment. Interestingly, lithium-induced neuroprotection was associated with increased phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 and suppressed GSK-3β phosphorylation at Ser9 residue. Lithium upregulated Erk-2 and downregulated JNK-2 phosphorylation. To distinguish whether neuroprotective effects of lithium are modulated by PI3K/Akt or MEK, we sequentially blocked these pathways and demonstrated that the neuroprotective activity of lithium persisted during MEK/ERK inhibition, whereas PI3K/Akt inhibition abolished neuroprotection. Collectively, we demonstrated lithium exerts its post-stroke neuroprotective activity via the PI3K/Akt pathway, specifically via Akt phosphorylation at Thr308, but not via MEK/ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Ates
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Caglayan
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Balcikanli
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Sertel
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Caglar Beker
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Dilsiz
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Burak Caglayan
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Celik
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Furkan Dasdelen
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Caglayan
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, International School of Medicine, Dept. of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Türkan Yigitbasi
- Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hanefi Ozbek
- Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thorsten Roland Doeppner
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Matthias Hermann
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Department of Neurology, Essen, Germany
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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14
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Tai SH, Chao LC, Huang TY, Chang CC, Huang SY, Wu TS, Lee EJ. Short-term lithium treatment protects the brain against ischemia-reperfusion injury by enhancing the neuroplasticity of cortical neurons. Neurol Res 2021; 44:128-138. [PMID: 34396932 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1965427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lithium exerts a broad neuroprotective effect on the brain. This study examined whether lithium exerts therapeutic effects on stroke by restoring neural connections at the ischemic core of cortices post brain insult. METHODS We treated rats with lithium or vehicle (saline) every 24 h for the first 72 h, starting at the beginning of reperfusion after inducing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) recording and behavioral testing were employed to evaluate the beneficial effects of lithium treatment. To examine the effects of lithium-induced neuroplasticity, we evaluated the dendritic morphology in cortex pyramidal cells and the primary neuronal cell culture that underwent brain insults and oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), respectively. RESULTS The results demonstrated that rats subjected to MCAO had prolonged N1 latency and a decreased N1/P1 amplitude at the ipsilateral cortex. Four doses of lithium reduced the brain infarction volume and enhanced the SSEP amplitude. The results of neurobehavioral tests demonstrated that lithium treatment improved sensory function, as demonstrated by improved 28-point clinical scale scores. In vitro study results showed that lithium treatment increased the dendritic lengths and branches of cultured neurons and reversed the suppressive effects of OGD. The in vivo study results indicated that lithium treatment increased cortical spine density in various layers and resulted in the development of the dendritic structure in the contralateral hemisphere. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that neuroplasticity in cortical neurons is crucial for lithium-induced brain function 50 recovery after brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Huang Tai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chun Chao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chao Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - E-Jian Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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15
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Boychuk BTA, Rebecca Jeong YE, Wetmore SD. Assessment of the Accuracy of DFT-Predicted Li +-Nucleic Acid Binding Energies. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:5392-5408. [PMID: 34339194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how lithium interacts with complex biosystems is crucial for uncovering the roles of this alkali metal in biology and designing extraction techniques for battery production and environmental remediation. In this light, fundamental information about Li+ binding to nucleic acids is required. Herein, a new database of Li+-nucleic acid interactions is presented that contains CCSD(T)/CBS benchmark energies for all nucleobase and phosphate binding locations. Furthermore, the performance of 54 DFT functionals in combination with three triple-zeta (TZ) basis sets (6-311+G(3df,2p), aug-cc-pVTZ, and def2-TZVPP) is tested. The results identify a range of functionals across different families (B2-PLYP, PBE-QIDH, ωB97, ωB97X-D, MN15, B3PW91, B97-2, TPSS, BP86-D3(BJ), and PBE) that can accurately describe coordinated Li+-nucleic acid interactions, with the average mean percent error (AMPE) across binding positions and basis sets being below 2%. Nevertheless, only three functionals tested (B2-PLYP, PBE-QIDH, and ωB97X-D) preserve this accuracy for metal cation-π interactions, suggesting that caution is warranted when choosing a functional to describe a diverse range of Li+-nucleic acid complexes. Removal of counterpoise corrections has very little impact on the reliability of most functionals, while the effect of empirical dispersion corrections varies depending on the functional choice and interaction type. While increasing the basis set to quadruple-zeta quality had little impact on the AMPE, the accuracy of double-zeta basis sets varies with family. Importantly, DFT methods reproduce the CCSD(T)/CBS trend in the preferred binding position for a given nucleic acid component and the global trend across components (phosphate ≫ G > C ≫ A ∼ T = U), as well as the geometries of the metal-nucleic acid complexes. The overall top performing functional is PBE-QIDH, which results in deviations from CCSD(T)/CBS values as small as ∼0.1 kcal/mol for nucleobase contacts and ∼1 kcal/mol for phosphate interactions. The most accurate DFT methods identified in the present work are recommended for future investigations of lithium interactions in larger nucleic acid systems to provide insights into the biological roles of this metal and the design of novel biosensing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana T A Boychuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Ye Eun Rebecca Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Stacey D Wetmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
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16
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Ji YB, Gao Q, Tan XX, Huang XW, Ma YZ, Fang C, Wang SN, Qiu LH, Cheng YX, Guo FY, Chang J. Lithium alleviates blood-brain barrier breakdown after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion by upregulating endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mice. Neuropharmacology 2021; 186:108474. [PMID: 33524408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although upregulation of endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling may be used to treat blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, no agents based on this mechanism are available clinically. Lithium, a medication used for treating bipolar mood disorders, upregulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, but whether lithium alleviates BBB breakdown after ischemic stroke by upregulating endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling is unclear. Here, we evaluated the BBB-protective effect of lithium in adult mice with 1-h middle cerebral artery occlusion and 48-h reperfusion (MCAO/R) by determining neurological outcomes, BBB function and related molecular components. Furthermore, we assessed the effect and dependence of lithium on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in brain microvascular endothelial cells in cell culture and in mice with conditional endothelial knockout of Wnt7 co-receptor Gpr124. Our data show that lithium treatment (3 mmol/kg) significantly decreased infarct volume (34.1 ± 1.8% versus 58.3 ± 2.8% in vehicle controls, P < 0.0001) and improved neurological outcomes of mice following MCAO/R. Importantly, lithium significantly increased BBB integrity shown by reduction of Evans blue leakage (by 45.7%, P = 0.0064) and blood IgG extravasation (by 65.8%, P < 0.0001) into infarcted brain tissue. Mechanistically, lithium upregulated the activity of endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vivo and in vitro, increased the protein levels of tight junctions (Claudin-5 and ZO-1), and reduced MMP-9 expression. Furthermore, the protective effect of lithium on cerebral damage and BBB integrity was abolished in endothelial Gpr124 knockout mice, indicating the protection of lithium on BBB was mainly dependent on the Gpr124-mediated endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Taken together, our findings indicate that lithium may serve as a therapeutic candidate for treating the BBB breakdown in the early stage of ischemic stroke following reperfusion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Bin Ji
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xi-Xi Tan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Neurology, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yin-Zhong Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lin-Hui Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518061, China
| | - Fu-You Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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17
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Chen J, Wang X, Hu J, Du J, Dordoe C, Zhou Q, Huang W, Guo R, Han F, Guo K, Ye S, Lin L, Li X. FGF20 Protected Against BBB Disruption After Traumatic Brain Injury by Upregulating Junction Protein Expression and Inhibiting the Inflammatory Response. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:590669. [PMID: 33568994 PMCID: PMC7868342 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.590669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the cerebral inflammatory response occurring after traumatic brain injury (TBI) facilitate further brain damage, which leads to long-term complications of TBI. Fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20), a neurotrophic factor, plays important roles in brain development and neuronal homeostasis. The aim of the current study was to assess the protective effects of FGF20 on TBI via BBB maintenance. In the present study, recombinant human FGF20 (rhFGF20) reduced neurofunctional deficits, brain edema, Evans blue extravasation and neuroinflammation in a TBI mouse model. In an in vitro TNF-α-induced human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) model of BBB disruption, rhFGF20 reduced paracellular permeability and increased trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Both in the TBI mouse model and in vitro, rhFGF20 increased the expression of proteins composing in BBB-associated tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs), and decreased the inflammatory response, which protected the BBB integrity. Notably, rhFGF20 preserved BBB function by activating the AKT/GSK3β pathway and inhibited the inflammatory response by regulating the JNK/NFκB pathway. Thus, FGF20 is a potential candidate treatment for TBI that protects the BBB by upregulating junction protein expression and inhibiting the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingting Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Confidence Dordoe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiulin Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruili Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fanyi Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kaiming Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou, China
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18
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Haupt M, Bähr M, Doeppner TR. Lithium beyond psychiatric indications: the reincarnation of a new old drug. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2383-2387. [PMID: 33907010 PMCID: PMC8374558 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium has been used in the treatment of bipolar disorders for decades, but the exact mechanisms of action remain elusive to this day. Recent evidence suggests that lithium is critically involved in a variety of signaling pathways affecting apoptosis, inflammation, and neurogenesis, all of which contributing to the complex pathophysiology of various neurological diseases. As a matter of fact, preclinical work reports both acute and long-term neuroprotection in distinct neurological disease models such as Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, and ischemic stroke. Lithium treatment reduces cell injury, decreases α-synuclein aggregation and Tau protein phosphorylation, modulates inflammation and even stimulates neuroregeneration under experimental conditions of Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer’s disease. The therapeutic impact of lithium under conditions of ischemic stroke was also studied in numerous preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, giving rise to a randomized double-blind clinical stroke trial. The preclinic data revealed a lithium-induced upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as B-cell lymphoma 2, heat shock protein 70, and activated protein 1, resulting in decreased neuronal cell loss. Lithium, however, does not only yield postischemic neuroprotection but also enhances endogenous neuroregeneration by stimulating neural stem cell proliferation and by regulating distinct signaling pathways such as the RE1-silencing transcription factor. In line with this, lithium treatment has been shown to modulate postischemic cytokine secretion patterns, diminishing microglial activation and stabilizing blood-brain barrier integrity yielding reduced levels of neuroinflammation. The aforementioned observations culminated in a first clinical trial, which revealed an improved motor recovery in patients with cortical stroke after lithium treatment. Beside its well-known psychiatric indications, lithium is thus a promising neuroprotective candidate for the aforementioned neurological diseases. A detailed understanding of the lithium-induced mechanisms, however, is important for prospective clinical trials which may pave the way for a successful bench-to-bedside translation in the future. In this review, we will give an overview of lithium-induced neuroprotective mechanisms under various pathological conditions, with special emphasis on ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Haupt
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Haupt M, Zheng X, Kuang Y, Lieschke S, Janssen L, Bosche B, Jin F, Hein K, Kilic E, Venkataramani V, Hermann DM, Bähr M, Doeppner TR. Lithium modulates miR-1906 levels of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles contributing to poststroke neuroprotection by toll-like receptor 4 regulation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:357-373. [PMID: 33146943 PMCID: PMC7900596 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is neuroprotective in preclinical stroke models. In addition to that, poststroke neuroregeneration is stimulated upon transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Preconditioning of MSCs with lithium further enhances the neuroregenerative potential of MSCs, which act by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs). The present work analyzed whether MSC preconditioning with lithium modifies EV secretion patterns, enhancing the therapeutic potential of such derived EVs (Li‐EVs) in comparison with EVs enriched from native MSCs. Indeed, Li‐EVs significantly enhanced the resistance of cultured astrocytes, microglia, and neurons against hypoxic injury when compared with controls and to native EV‐treated cells. Using a stroke mouse model, intravenous delivery of Li‐EVs increased neurological recovery and neuroregeneration for as long as 3 months in comparison with controls and EV‐treated mice, albeit the latter also showed significantly better behavioral test performance compared with controls. Preconditioning of MSCs with lithium also changed the secretion patterns for such EVs, modifying the contents of various miRNAs within these vesicles. As such, Li‐EVs displayed significantly increased levels of miR‐1906, which has been shown to be a new regulator of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. Li‐EVs reduced posthypoxic and postischemic TLR4 abundance, resulting in an inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) signaling pathway, decreased proteasomal activity, and declined both inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 expression, all of which culminated in reduced levels of poststroke cerebral inflammation. Conclusively, the present study demonstrates, for the first time, an enhanced therapeutic potential of Li‐EVs compared with native EVs, interfering with a novel signaling pathway that yields both acute neuroprotection and enhanced neurological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Haupt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Yaoyun Kuang
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Simone Lieschke
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Janssen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bert Bosche
- MediClin Clinic Reichshof, Department of Neurocritical Care, First Stage Rehabilitation and Weaning, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fengyan Jin
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Katharina Hein
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Lithium enhances post-stroke blood-brain barrier integrity, activates the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway and alters immune cell migration in mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 181:108357. [PMID: 33065166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lithium induces neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We have previously suggested a role for lithium in calcium regulation and (extra)cerebral vessel relaxation under non-ischemic conditions. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether or not lithium contributes to post-stroke stabilization of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mice. Using an oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) model, we first analyzed the impact of lithium treatment on endothelial cells (EC) in vitro. Indeed, such treatment of EC exposed to OGD resulted in increased cell survival as well as in enhanced expression of tight junction proteins and P-glycoprotein. Additional in vivo studies demonstrated an increased stabilization of the BBB upon lithium treatment in stroke mice, as shown by a reduced Evans blue extravasation and an elevation of tight junction protein expression. Furthermore, stabilization of the BBB as a consequence of lithium treatment was associated with an inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, independent of calveolin-1 regulation. In line with this, flow cytometry analysis revealed that lithium treatment led to a decreased neutrophil invasion and an increased T cell extravasation from the blood compartment towards the brain parenchyma. We finally identified the pro-survival MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway as the key regulator of the impact of lithium on the BBB. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that lithium is able to enhance post-stroke BBB integrity. Importantly, our work delivers novel insights into the exact mechanism of lithium-induced acute neuroprotection, providing critical information for future clinical trials involving lithium treatment in stroke patients.
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21
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Gu XK, Li XR, Lu ML, Xu H. Lithium promotes proliferation and suppresses migration of Schwann cells. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1955-1961. [PMID: 32246645 PMCID: PMC7513976 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.280324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell proliferation, migration and remyelination of regenerating axons contribute to regeneration after peripheral nervous system injury. Lithium promotes remyelination by Schwann cells and improves peripheral nerve regeneration. However, whether lithium modulates other phenotypes of Schwann cells, especially their proliferation and migration remains elusive. In the current study, primary Schwann cells from rat sciatic nerve stumps were cultured and exposed to 0, 5, 10, 15, or 30 mM lithium chloride (LiCl) for 24 hours. The effects of LiCl on Schwann cell proliferation and migration were examined using the Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, Transwell and wound healing assays. Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays showed that 5, 10, 15, and 30 mM LiCl significantly increased the viability and proliferation rate of Schwann cells. Transwell-based migration assays and wound healing assays showed that 10, 15, and 30 mM LiCl suppressed the migratory ability of Schwann cells. Furthermore, the effects of LiCl on the proliferation and migration phenotypes of Schwann cells were mostly dose-dependent. These data indicate that lithium treatment significantly promotes the proliferation and inhibits the migratory ability of Schwann cells. This conclusion will inform strategies to promote the repair and regeneration of peripheral nerves. All of the animal experiments in this study were ethically approved by the Administration Committee of Experimental Animal Center of Nantong University, China (approval No. 20170320-017) on March 2, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin-Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei-Ling Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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22
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Ni M, Zhou H, Zhang J, Jin D, Lu T, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Wang X, Zhai Y. Isoform- and Cell Type-Specific Roles of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 N-Terminal Serine Phosphorylation in Liver Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1147-1156. [PMID: 32680958 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (Gsk3) α and β are both constitutively active and inhibited upon stimulation by N-terminal serine phosphorylation. Although roles of active Gsk3 in liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) have been well appreciated, whether Gsk3 N-terminal serine phosphorylation has any functional significance in the disease process remains unclear. In a murine liver partial warm ischemia model, we studied Gsk3 N-terminal serine mutant knock-in (KI) mice and showed that liver IRI was decreased in Gsk3αS21A but increased in Gsk3βS9A mutant KI mice. Bone marrow chimeric experiments revealed that the Gsk3α, but not β, mutation in liver parenchyma protected from IRI, and both mutations in bone marrow-derived cells exacerbated liver injuries. Mechanistically, mutant Gsk3α protected hepatocytes from inflammatory (TNF-α) cell death by the activation of HIV-1 TAT-interactive protein 60 (TIP60)-mediated autophagy pathway. The pharmacological inhibition of TIP60 or autophagy diminished the protection of the Gsk3α mutant hepatocytes from inflammatory cell death in vitro and the Gsk3α mutant KI mice from liver IRI in vivo. Thus, Gsk3 N-terminal serine phosphorylation inhibits liver innate immune activation but suppresses hepatocyte autophagy in response to inflammation. Gsk3 αS21, but not βS9, mutation is sufficient to sustain Gsk4 activities in hepatocytes and protect livers from IRI via TIP60 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ni
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Dan Jin
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China; and
| | - Tianfei Lu
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ronald W Busuttil
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China;
| | - Yuan Zhai
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
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Ciftci E, Karacay R, Caglayan A, Altunay S, Ates N, Altintas MO, Doeppner TR, Yulug B, Kilic E. Neuroprotective effect of lithium in cold- induced traumatic brain injury in mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 392:112719. [PMID: 32479849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apart from its well-established therapeutic activity on bipolar disorder and depression, lithium exerts neuroprotective activity upon neurodegenerative disorders, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the cellular signaling mechanisms mediating lithium's neuroprotective activity and long-term dose- and time-dependent effects on close and remote proximity are largely unknown. Herein, we tested prophylactic and acute effects of lithium (2 mmol/kg) after cold- induced TBI. In both conditions, treatments with lithium resulted in reduced infarct volume and apoptosis. Its acute treatment resulted in the increase of Akt, ERK-1/2 and GSK-3 α/β phosphoylations. Interestingly, its prophylactic treatment instead resulted in decreased phosphorylations of Akt, ERK-1/2, p38, JNK-1 moderately and GSK-3 α/β significantly. Then, we tested subacute (35-day follow-up) role of low (0.2 mmol/kg) and high dose (2 mmol/kg) lithium and revealed that high dose lithium group was the most mobile so the least depressed in the tail suspension test. Anxiety level was assessed by light-dark test, all groups' anxiety levels were decreased with time, but lithium had no effect on anxiety like behavior. When subacute effects of injury and drug treatment were evaluated on the defined brain regions, infarct volume was decreased in the high dose lithium group significantly. In contrast to other brain regions, hippocampal atrophies were observed in both lithium treatment groups, which were significant in the low dose lithium group in both hemispheres, which was associated with the reduced cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Our data demonstrate that lithium treatment protects neurons from TBI. However, long term particularly low-dose lithium causes hippocampal atrophy and decreased neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Ciftci
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reyda Karacay
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Caglayan
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Altunay
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilay Ates
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet O Altintas
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- University of Göttingen Medical School, Dept. of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Burak Yulug
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Neurology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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24
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Plotnikov EV, Litvak MM. [Lithium ascorbate as a cerebroprotective agent in a model of ischemic stroke]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:29-32. [PMID: 32307427 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012003229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic stroke is one of the most severe neurological pathologies with high mortality and disability. In this connection, the development and study of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of stroke is an extremely important task. A new approach to neuroprotection is the use of lithium salts with antioxidant activity. AIM To study the cerebroprotective effect of lithium ascorbate on a rat model of ischemic stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS Test samples of lithium ascorbate were synthesized ex tempore for an experiment using reagents of ACS qualification (Sigma-Aldrich). The ischemic stroke model was realized using the filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats of the Sprague Dawley line according to standardized procedure. Neurological examination of the animals, histological study of brain tissue with staining of brain sections, and calculating the volume of cerebral infarction were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION There is a significant cerebroprotective effect of lithium ascorbate expressed in a multiple decrease in the volume of the zone of cerebral infarction (by 75% of the control group indicator) and the absence of mortality in the experimental group of animals. Newly discovered distinct anti-stroke effect of lithium ascorbate in combination with low toxicity could be considered promising for further clinical studies and practical application in neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Plotnikov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Technologies, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M M Litvak
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Technologies, Tomsk, Russia
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25
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Electroacupuncture pretreatment prevents ischemic stroke and inhibits Wnt signaling-mediated autophagy through the regulation of GSK-3β phosphorylation. Brain Res Bull 2020; 158:90-98. [PMID: 32142833 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA), a traditional Chinese replacement therapy, is widely accepted to treat ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence show that autophagy is involved in the process of cerebral ischemia injury and the Wnt/GSK3β pathway, playing an important role in protecting central nervous system. In this study, rats were treated with EA prior to focal ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Deficit score, infarct volumes and levels of autophagy markers, such as LC3I, LC3II and p62, were assessed with either PI3K inhibitor wortmannin or a GSK-3β inhibitor LiCl. Oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) was made in the primitive neuron in vitro, and was respectively treated with autophagy inhibitors 3-MA, LiCl, GSK3β siRNA, or mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. The results indicated that EA pretreatment increased the levels of autophagy marker LC3-II and reduced the levels of p62. Meanwhile, deficit outcome was improved, and infarct volumes were reduced by EA pretreatment. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of EA pretreatment were reversed by wortmannin. LiCl and GSK3β siRNA can mimic the neuroprotective effects of EA pretreatment by downregulating autophagy, and increasing protein levels of p-mTOR, p-GSK3β and β-catenin in OGD/R neurons. However, the protective effects of GSK3β siRNA were blocked by rapamycin. These results suggest that EA pretreatment induces tolerance to cerebral ischemia by inhibiting autophagy via the Wnt pathway through the inhibition of GSK3β.
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Guttuso T, Andrzejewski KL, Lichter DG, Andersen JK. Targeting kinases in Parkinson's disease: A mechanism shared by LRRK2, neurotrophins, exenatide, urate, nilotinib and lithium. J Neurol Sci 2019; 402:121-130. [PMID: 31129265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several kinases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), most notably leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), as LRRK2 mutations are the most common genetic cause of a late-onset parkinsonism that is clinically indistinguishable from sporadic PD. More recently, several other kinases have emerged as promising disease-modifying targets in PD based on both preclinical studies and clinical reports on exenatide, the urate precursor inosine, nilotinib and lithium use in PD patients. These kinases include protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinases-3β and -3α (GSK-3β and GSK-3α), c-Abelson kinase (c-Abl) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5). Activities of each of these kinases are involved either directly or indirectly in phosphorylating tau or increasing α-synuclein levels, intracellular proteins whose toxic oligomeric forms are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. GSK-3β, GSK-3α and cdk5 are the principle kinases involved in phosphorylating tau at sites critical for the formation of tau oligomers. Exenatide analogues, urate, nilotinib and lithium have been shown to affect one or more of the above kinases, actions that can decrease the formation and increase the clearance of intraneuronal phosphorylated tau and α-synuclein. Here we review the current preclinical and clinical evidence supporting kinase-targeting agents as potential disease-modifying therapies for PD patients enriched with these therapeutic targets and incorporate LRRK2 physiology into this novel model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Guttuso
- Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
| | - Kelly L Andrzejewski
- Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
| | - David G Lichter
- Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
| | - Julie K Andersen
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America.
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Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition as a potential pharmacological target for vascular dementia: In silico and in vivo evidence. Comput Biol Med 2019; 108:305-316. [PMID: 31022582 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia is a serious problem as it creates significant disability and dependency in the affected person. Lives of these patients can be improved through the advent of novel drug targets which can be targeted by pharmacological therapies. However, finding a precise and druggable target for vascular dementia is experimentally impossible and challenging task owing to a complex and mostly unknown interplay between the cognitive abilities of the brain with a diversity of vascular diseases. To address this issue, we have systematically analyzed the literature reports by using well-known methods and approaches of bioinformatics (viz. network pharmacology, reverse pharmacology, enrichment analysis of KEGG pathways, biological processes of Gene Ontology and DIAMOnD algorithm). Because glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) seems to be one of the most promising targets, therefore, we have tested the capacity of lithium carbonate, a classical inhibitor of GSK-3, for treatment of dementia resulting from mild chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in mice. To this end, our study shows in-vivo validation of predicted target, i.e., pharmacological deactivation of GSK-3 enzyme and its impact on cognitive abilities employing a behavioral test battery, i.e., object recognition task, step-through passive avoidance task, elevated plus maze task and water maze task. In this framework, we observed that lithium carbonate attenuates recognition, emotion, spatial and fear-motivated learning and memory impairments along with attenuation of oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. In conclusion, we propose GSK-3 as a promising drug target for vascular dementia in light of experimental results and in-silico predictions.
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28
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Xing G, Ren M, Verma A. Divergent Induction of Branched-Chain Aminotransferases and Phosphorylation of Branched Chain Keto-Acid Dehydrogenase Is a Potential Mechanism Coupling Branched-Chain Keto-Acid-Mediated-Astrocyte Activation to Branched-Chain Amino Acid Depletion-Mediated Cognitive Deficit after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2482-2494. [PMID: 29764289 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are implicated in cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The mechanism remains unknown. BCAAs are catabolized by neuron-specific cytosolic and astrocyte-specific mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferases (BCATc, BCATm) to generate glutamate and branched-chain keto-acids (BCKAs) that are metabolized by the mitochondrial branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) whose activity is regulated by its phosphorylation state. BCKD phosphorylation by BCKD kinase (BCKDK) inactivates BCKD and cause neurocognitive dysfunction, whereas dephosphorylation by specific phosphatase restores BCKD activity. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed rapidly and significantly decreased BCATc messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, but significantly increased BCATm mRNA level post-CCI (controlled cortical impact). BCKD and BCKDK mRNA decreased significantly immediately after CCI-induced TBI (CCI) in the rat. Phosphorylated BCKD proteins (pBCKD) increased significantly in the ipsilateral-CCI hemisphere. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly increased pBCKD proteins in ipsilateral astrocytes post-CCI. BCKD protein expression is higher in primarily cultured cortical neurons than in astrocytes, whereas pBCKD protein level is higher in astrocytes than in cortical neurons. Transforming growth factor beta treatment (10 μg/mL for 48 h) significantly increased pBCKD protein expression in astrocytes, whereas glutamate treatment (25 μM for 24 h) significantly decreased pBCKD protein in neurons. Because increased pBCKD would lead to increased BCKA accumulation, BCKA-mediated astrocyte activation, cell death, and cognitive dysfunction as found in maple syrup urine disease; thus, TBI may potentially induce cognitive deficit through diverting BCAA from glutamate production in neurons to BCKA production in astrocytes through the pBCKD-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xing
- 1 Department of Radiology and Imaging, Institute of Rehabilitation and Development of Brain Function , The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Ming Ren
- 2 Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
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29
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Parikh P, Juul SE. Neuroprotective Strategies in Neonatal Brain Injury. J Pediatr 2018; 192:22-32. [PMID: 29031859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Parikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sandra E Juul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
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30
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Qi C, Yang P, Chen X, Liu Y. Activation of Wnt3α/β-catenin signal pathway attenuates apoptosis of the cerebral microvascular endothelial cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Induction of autophagy reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury in steatotic rat livers. J Surg Res 2017; 216:207-218. [PMID: 28807209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steatotic livers are particularly vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). One of the reasons is an underlying impairment of autophagy. Autophagy is regulated by glycogen synthase kinase 3b (GSK3b) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) pathways. Both of them are target proteins of a cell-protective drug, lithium chloride. Lithium chloride treatment reduces IRI in many organs including liver. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of lithium chloride treatment on autophagy induction in steatotic rat livers. We also wanted to evaluate the related cell-protective effects on the enhanced hepatic IRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS After inducing hepatic steatosis, rats were injected with lithium chloride or normal saline for 3 d before being subjected to 70% selective warm ischemia for 60 min. After reperfusion, rats were observed for 30 min, 6, 24, and 48 h. RESULTS Lithium chloride appeared to protect hepatocytes from IRI via its ability to induce autophagy by modulation of both GSK3b and ERK1/2 pathways. Hepatic damage was significantly decreased in the treatment group as indicated by a reduced inflammatory response, less apoptosis, less necrosis, and lower liver enzyme levels. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous modulation of GSK3b and ERK1/2 pathways might be an interesting strategy to reduce IRI in steatotic livers with an impairment of autophagy.
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32
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Mezni A, Aoua H, Limam F, Aouani E. Neuroprotective effect of grape seed and skin extract on lithium-induced oxidative stress in healthy rat brain. NEUROCHEM J+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712417010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Doeppner TR, Kaltwasser B, Sanchez-Mendoza EH, Caglayan AB, Bähr M, Hermann DM. Lithium-induced neuroprotection in stroke involves increased miR-124 expression, reduced RE1-silencing transcription factor abundance and decreased protein deubiquitination by GSK3β inhibition-independent pathways. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:914-926. [PMID: 27126323 PMCID: PMC5363471 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16647738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithium promotes acute poststroke neuronal survival, which includes mechanisms that are not limited to GSK3β inhibition. However, whether lithium induces long-term neuroprotection and enhanced brain remodeling is unclear. Therefore, mice were exposed to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and lithium (1 mg/kg bolus followed by 2 mg/kg/day over up to 7 days) was intraperitoneally administered starting 0-9 h after reperfusion onset. Delivery of lithium no later than 6 h reduced infarct volume on day 2 and decreased brain edema, leukocyte infiltration, and microglial activation, as shown by histochemistry and flow cytometry. Lithium-induced neuroprotection persisted throughout the observation period of 56 days and was associated with enhanced neurological recovery. Poststroke angioneurogenesis and axonal plasticity were also enhanced by lithium. On the molecular level, lithium increased miR-124 expression, reduced RE1-silencing transcription factor abundance, and decreased protein deubiquitination in cultivated cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and in brains of mice exposed to cerebral ischemia. Notably, this effect was not mimicked by pharmacological GSK3β inhibition. This study for the first time provides efficacy data for lithium in the postacute ischemic phase, reporting a novel mechanism of action, i.e. increased miR-124 expression facilitating REST degradation by which lithium promotes postischemic neuroplasticity and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten R Doeppner
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,2 Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,3 Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Kaltwasser
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Ahmet B Caglayan
- 2 Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mathias Bähr
- 3 Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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34
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Lithium promotes DNA stability and survival of ischemic retinal neurocytes by upregulating DNA ligase IV. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2473. [PMID: 27853172 PMCID: PMC5260892 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurons display genomic fragility and show fragmented DNA in pathological degeneration. A failure to repair DNA breaks may result in cell death or apoptosis. Lithium protects retinal neurocytes following nutrient deprivation or partial nerve crush, but the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. Here we demonstrate that pretreatment with lithium protects retinal neurocytes from ischemia-induced damage and enhances light response in rat retina following ischemia–reperfusion injury. Moreover, we found that DNA nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair is implicated in this process because in ischemic retinal neurocytes, lithium significantly reduces the number of γ-H2AX foci (well-characterized markers of DNA double-strand breaks in situ) and increases the DNA ligase IV expression level. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf-1) and phosphorylated cyclic AMP-response element binding protein-1 (P-CREB1) bind to ligase IV promoter to cause upregulation of ligase IV in neurocytes. The ischemic upregulation of Nrf-1 and lithium-induced increase of P-CREB1 cooperate to promote transcription of ligase IV. Short hairpin RNAs against Nrf-1 and CREB1 could significantly inhibit the increase in promoter activity and expression of ligase IV observed in the control oligos following lithium treatment in retinal neurocytes. More importantly, ischemic stimulation triggers the expression of ligase IV. Taken together, our results thus reveal a novel mechanism that lithium offers neuroprotection from ischemia-induced damage by enhancing DNA NHEJ repair.
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35
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Prosser JM, Fieve RR. Patients receiving lithium therapy have a reduced prevalence of neurological and cardiovascular disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 71:39-44. [PMID: 27328427 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A variety of evidence from laboratory and animal studies suggests that lithium has neurotrophic and cytoprotective properties, and may ameliorate or prevent some disease states. We investigated whether such a protective effect can be observed in human psychiatric patients receiving lithium therapy. We carried out a retrospective chart review of 1028 adult psychiatric male and female outpatients attending four lithium clinics in metropolitan New York City. Patients were divided into two groups based on lithium usage, and the prevalence of neurological and cardiovascular disorders was compared. The main outcome measures were the occurrence in the two patient groups of a variety of neurological disorders and myocardial infarction. Odds ratios were calculated to assess the risk of having a disorder for patients receiving lithium compared to patients not receiving lithium: for seizures, the odds ratio was 0.097; for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the odds ratio was 0.112; for dementia not otherwise specified, the odds ratio was 0.112; and for myocardial infarction, the odds ratio was 0.30. Logistical regression analysis showed that lithium treatment is a significant negative predictive factor in the prevalence of each of these disease states, when age, duration of clinic attendance, and use of anti-psychotic medications are taken into account. Our results show that patients receiving regular lithium treatment have a reduced prevalence of some neurological disorders and myocardial infarctions. One possible explanation of these results is that a protective effect of lithium observed in laboratory and animal studies may also be present in human patients receiving regular lithium therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Prosser
- The Foundation for Mood Disorders, 952 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1A, New York City, New York 10075, USA.
| | - Ronald R Fieve
- The Foundation for Mood Disorders, 952 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1A, New York City, New York 10075, USA
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36
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Anderson SJ, Feye KM, Schmidt-McCormack GR, Malovic E, Mlynarczyk GSA, Izbicki P, Arnold LF, Jefferson MA, de la Rosa BM, Wehrman RF, Luna KC, Hu HZ, Kondru NC, Kleinhenz MD, Smith JS, Manne S, Putra MR, Choudhary S, Massey N, Luo D, Berg CA, Acharya S, Sharma S, Kanuri SH, Lange JK, Carlson SA. Off-Target drug effects resulting in altered gene expression events with epigenetic and "Quasi-Epigenetic" origins. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:229-233. [PMID: 27025785 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review synthesizes examples of pharmacological agents who have off-target effects of an epigenetic nature. We expand upon the paradigm of epigenetics to include "quasi-epigenetic" mechanisms. Quasi-epigenetics includes mechanisms of drugs acting upstream of epigenetic machinery or may themselves impact transcription factor regulation on a more global scale. We explore these avenues with four examples of conventional pharmaceuticals and their unintended, but not necessarily adverse, biological effects. The quasi-epigenetic drugs identified in this review include the use of beta-lactam antibiotics to alter glutamate receptor activity and the action of cyclosporine on multiple transcription factors. In addition, we report on more canonical epigenome changes associated with pharmacological agents such as lithium impacting autophagy of aberrant proteins, and opioid drugs whose chronic use increases the expression of genes associated with addictive phenotypes. By expanding our appreciation of transcriptomic regulation and the effects these drugs have on the epigenome, it is possible to enhance therapeutic applications by exploiting off-target effects and even repurposing established pharmaceuticals. That is, exploration of "pharmacoepigenetic" mechanisms can expand the breadth of the useful activity of a drug beyond the traditional drug targets such as receptors and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Kristina M Feye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Garrett R Schmidt-McCormack
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Emir Malovic
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Gregory S A Mlynarczyk
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Patricia Izbicki
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Larissa F Arnold
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Matthew A Jefferson
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Bierlein M de la Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Rita F Wehrman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - K C Luna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Hilary Z Hu
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Naveen C Kondru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Michael D Kleinhenz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Joe S Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Sireesha Manne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Marson R Putra
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Shivani Choudhary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Nyzil Massey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Diou Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Carrie A Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Sreemoyee Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Shaunik Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Sri Harsha Kanuri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Jennifer K Lange
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Steve A Carlson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
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Dell'Osso L, Del Grande C, Gesi C, Carmassi C, Musetti L. A new look at an old drug: neuroprotective effects and therapeutic potentials of lithium salts. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:1687-703. [PMID: 27468233 PMCID: PMC4946830 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlights bipolar disorder as being associated with impaired neurogenesis, cellular plasticity, and resiliency, as well as with cell atrophy or loss in specific brain regions. This has led most recent research to focus on the possible neuroprotective effects of medications, and particularly interesting findings have emerged for lithium. A growing body of evidence from preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies has in fact documented its neuroprotective effects from different insults acting on cellular signaling pathways, both preventing apoptosis and increasing neurotrophins and cell-survival molecules. Furthermore, positive effects of lithium on neurogenesis, brain remodeling, angiogenesis, mesenchymal stem cells functioning, and inflammation have been revealed, with a key role played through the inhibition of the glycogen synthase kinase-3, a serine/threonine kinase implicated in the pathogenesis of many neuropsychiatric disorders. These recent evidences suggest the potential utility of lithium in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, and hypoxic-ischemic/traumatic brain injury, with positive results at even lower lithium doses than those traditionally considered to be antimanic. The aim of this review is to briefly summarize the potential benefits of lithium salts on neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, emphasizing preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting new therapeutic potentials of this drug beyond its mood stabilizing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Grande
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Gesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Musetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Lan CC, Liu CC, Lin CH, Lan TY, McInnis MG, Chan CH, Lan TH. A reduced risk of stroke with lithium exposure in bipolar disorder: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:705-14. [PMID: 26394555 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The risk of stroke is increased in patients with bipolar disorder. Lithium exhibits neuroprotective effects but the association between lithium use and the risk of stroke is unknown. METHODS A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted by utilizing the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Subjects who had first been diagnosed with bipolar disorder between 2001 and 2006 were identified. A propensity score (PS) for receiving lithium was calculated with variables of age, gender, and comorbidities. The patients with bipolar disorder receiving lithium within the period from diagnosis through to December 2011 were designated as the lithium group (n = 635). A 1:2 ratio was used to select PS-matched subjects with bipolar disorder without lithium use (n = 1,250). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to explore the association, rather than causal inference, of lithium exposure and the risk of stroke. RESULTS Of the 1,885 subjects, 86 (4.6%) experienced stroke, including 2.8% of the lithium group and 5.4% of the non-lithium group. Lithium use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of stroke [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22-0.68]. Reduced risks of stroke were also associated with the highest cumulative lithium dose [≥720 defined daily dose (DDD), HR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10-0.59], the longest cumulative exposure period (≥720 days, HR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.06-0.64), and the highest exposure rate (≥2 DDD/day, HR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.21-0.70). CONCLUSIONS Lithium use was significantly related to a reduced risk of stroke in patients with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chia Lan
- Division of Psychiatry, Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chien Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzuo-Yun Lan
- Institute of Hospital Management, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chin-Hong Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsuo-Hung Lan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Fan M, Jin W, Zhao H, Xiao Y, Jia Y, Yin Y, Jiang X, Xu J, Meng N, Lv P. Lithium chloride administration prevents spatial learning and memory impairment in repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice by depressing apoptosis and increasing BDNF expression in hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2015; 291:399-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Duarte-Silva S, Neves-Carvalho A, Soares-Cunha C, Teixeira-Castro A, Oliveira P, Silva-Fernandes A, Maciel P. Lithium chloride therapy fails to improve motor function in a transgenic mouse model of Machado-Joseph disease. THE CEREBELLUM 2015; 13:713-27. [PMID: 25112410 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of misfolded proteins in neurons, leading to the formation of cytoplasmic and nuclear aggregates, is a common theme in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, possibly due to disturbances of the proteostasis and insufficient activity of cellular protein clearance pathways. Lithium is a well-known autophagy inducer that exerts neuroprotective effects in different conditions and has been proposed as a promising therapeutic agent for several neurodegenerative diseases. We tested the efficacy of chronic lithium (10.4 mg/kg) treatment in a transgenic mouse model of Machado-Joseph disease, an inherited neurodegenerative disease, caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine tract within the protein ataxin-3. A battery of behavioral tests was used to assess disease progression. In spite of activating autophagy, as suggested by the increased levels of Beclin-1, Atg7, and LC3-II, and a reduction in the p62 protein levels, lithium administration showed no overall beneficial effects in this model concerning motor performance, showing a positive impact only in the reduction of tremors at 24 weeks of age. Our results do not support lithium chronic treatment as a promising strategy for the treatment of Machado-Joseph disease (MJD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Duarte-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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Yang Y, Li X, Zhang L, Liu L, Jing G, Cai H. Ginsenoside Rg1 suppressed inflammation and neuron apoptosis by activating PPARγ/HO-1 in hippocampus in rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:2484-2494. [PMID: 26045754 PMCID: PMC4440063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Generally accepted, inflammation and neuron apoptosis are two characterized pathological features of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Ginsenoside Rg1 was reported showing distinct neuroprotective effect in cerebral IR injury but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. PPARγ/Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling was proved effective in suppressing both apoptosis and inflammation. This study was aimed to investigate whether PPARγ/HO-1 signaling was involved in cerebral IR injury and ginsenoside Rg1's neuroprotective effect in cerebral IR injury. Cerebral IR injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. The PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (ROZ) and the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPP) and ginsenoside Rg1 at various concentrations were used to treat the modeled rats. Neurological deficits, apoptosis and inflammation in hippocampus were evaluated. Furthermore, HO-1 enzymatic activity, expression levels of apoptosis-related and inflammation-related proteins, concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were also determined. The results showed that PPARγ activation by ROZ significantly attenuated neurological deficits, apoptosis and inflammation in hippocampus in cerebral IR rats. However, the neuroprotective effect of ROZ was then impaired by HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP. This effect was evidenced by changes of expression levels of PPARγ, bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, IL-1β, TNF-α, HMGB1, and RAGE in hippocampus of modeled animals. Ginsenoside Rg1 showed similar effect to ROZ in activating PPARγ/HO-1 in protecting against apoptosis and inflammation but also impaired by ZnPP administration. In conclusion, PPARγ/HO-1 signaling was critical in mediating apoptosis and inflammation, which was also the therapeutic target of ginsenoside Rg1 in cerebral IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandong Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingmin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guixia Jing
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Abstract
One of the remarkable discoveries in the field of psychopharmacology from late 1940s is Lithium (Li) that reminds of old but still gold. It continues to be a distinctive mood stabilizer that matches various standards recommended for mood stabilizers. Apart from this Li is also known to affect immune cell functions. Lithium response and regulations of different immune cells in bipolar patients, related immune disorders are not well defined. Here, we provide an overview of literature with regard to Li's effects on different immune cells. However, the use of Li is currently limited to bipolar disorders and there is no empirical evidence for immune cell disorders. The objective of this article is to provide the evaluations of Li responses towards the different immune cells based on the existing studies. Further, more studies are needed to understand the mechanistic basis and heterogeneous responses of Li's effect in bipolar, also unravel relative immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Maddu
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University , Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh , India and
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Sharma S, Taliyan R. Synergistic effects of GSK-3β and HDAC inhibitors in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced cognitive deficits in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 388:337-49. [PMID: 25547373 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest the importance of combined treatment of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition in various in vitro and in vivo models of neurological diseases. Lithium chloride (LiCl) and valproate (VPA), two well-known mood stabilizers, have been reported to act through GSK-3β and HDAC inhibition, respectively. The present study was designed to investigate the potential of low-dose combination of LiCl and VPA in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced cognitive deficits in rats. STZ was injected twice (3 mg/kg ICV) on alternate days (day 1 and day 3) in rats. The ICV-STZ-treated rats received LiCl (60 mg/kg, i.p.), VPA (200 mg/kg, i.p.), and combination of both LiCl (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and VPA (200 mg/kg, i.p.) drugs for a period of 3 weeks. The ICV-STZ administration results in significant memory impairment, elevated oxidative-nitrosative stress, and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Using a battery of behavioral and biochemical tests, we observed that co-treatment of both drugs showed synergistic effect in improving the spatial learning and memory impairment as well as significantly attenuated the oxidative stress markers in STZ-treated rats as compared to either drug alone. Moreover, the combination of both drugs reversed the hyperinsulinemic brain condition and improved the BDNF levels in STZ-treated rats. Based upon these results, it could be suggested that a low-dose combination of LiCl and VPA produces synergistic and more consistent neuroprotective effects in ICV-STZ-induced cognitive deficits in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorabh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
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Ratilal BO, Rocha JPF, Fernandes AMA, Arroja MMC, Barateiro AP, Brites DMTO, Pinto RMA, Sepodes BMN, Mota-Filipe HD. TDZD-8 pre-treatment in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Xie C, Zhou K, Wang X, Blomgren K, Zhu C. Therapeutic benefits of delayed lithium administration in the neonatal rat after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107192. [PMID: 25211332 PMCID: PMC4161387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim We have previously shown that lithium treatment immediately after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in neonatal rats affords both short- and long-term neuroprotection. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible therapeutic benefits when lithium treatment was delayed 5 days, a time point when most cell death is over. Methods Eight-day-old male rats were subjected to unilateral HI and 2 mmol/kg lithium chloride was injected intraperitoneally 5 days after the insult. Additional lithium injections of 1 mmol/kg were administered at 24 h intervals for the next 14 days. Brain injury was evaluated 12 weeks after HI. Serum cytokine measurements and behavioral analysis were performed before sacrificing the animals. Results Brain injury, as indicated by tissue loss, was reduced by 38.7%, from 276.5±27.4 mm3 in the vehicle-treated group to 169.3±25.9 mm3 in the lithium-treated group 12 weeks after HI (p<0.01). Motor hyperactivity and anxiety-like behavior after HI were normalized by lithium treatment. Lithium treatment increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus as indicated by doublecortin labeling. Serum cytokine levels, including IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were still elevated as late as 5 weeks after HI, but lithium treatment normalized these cytokine levels. Conclusions Delayed lithium treatment conferred long-term neuroprotection in neonatal rats after HI, and this opens a new avenue for future development of treatment strategies for neonatal brain injury that can be administered after the acute injury phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Xie
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kai Zhou
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Perinatal Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Nciri R, Bourogaa E, Jbahi S, Allagui MS, Elfeki A, Vincent C, Croute F. Chronic neuroprotective effects of low concentration lithium on SH-SY5Y cells: possible involvement of stress proteins and gene expression. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:735-40. [PMID: 25206881 PMCID: PMC4146276 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.131578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of lithium on cells, in this study, we exposed SH-SY5Y cells to 0.5 mmol/L lithium carbonate (Li2CO2) for 25-50 weeks and then detected the expression levels of some neurobiology related genes and post-translational modifications of stress proteins in SH-SY5Y cells. cDNA arrays showed that pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) and calmodulin 3 (CaM 3) expression levels were significantly down-regulated, phosphatase protein PP2A expression was lightly down-regulated, and casein kinase II (CK2), threonine/tyrosine phosphatase 7 (PYST2), and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) expression levels were significantly up-regulated. Besides, western blot analysis of stress proteins (HSP27, HSP70, GRP78 and GRP94) showed an over-expression of two proteins: a 105 kDa protein which is a hyper-phosphorylated isoform of GRP94, and a 108 kDa protein which is a phosphorylated tetramer of HSP27. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of lithium are likely related to gene expressions and post-translational modifications of proteins cited above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Nciri
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Purpan Medicine Faculty, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France ; Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, Tunisia, France
| | | | - Samira Jbahi
- Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, Tunisia, France
| | - Mohamed Salah Allagui
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Purpan Medicine Faculty, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France ; Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, Tunisia, France
| | | | - Christian Vincent
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Purpan Medicine Faculty, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Croute
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Purpan Medicine Faculty, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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Scheuing L, Chiu CT, Liao HM, Linares GR, Chuang DM. Preclinical and clinical investigations of mood stabilizers for Huntington's disease: what have we learned? Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:1024-38. [PMID: 25285035 PMCID: PMC4183923 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.9898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a lethal, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG repeat expansions at exon 1 of the huntingtin (Htt) gene, which encodes for a mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt). Prominent symptoms of HD include motor dysfunction, characterized by chorea; psychiatric disturbances such as mood and personality changes; and cognitive decline that may lead to dementia. Pathologically multiple complex processes and pathways are involved in the development of HD, including selective loss of neurons in the striatum and cortex, dysregulation of cellular autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased neurotrophic and growth factor levels, and aberrant regulation of gene expression and epigenetic patterns. No cure for HD presently exists, nor are there drugs that can halt the progression of this devastating disease. Therefore, the need to discover neuroprotective modalities to combat HD is critical. In basic and preclinical studies using cellular and animal HD models, the mood stabilizers lithium and valproic acid (VPA) have shown multiple beneficial effects, including behavioral and motor improvement, enhanced neuroprotection, and lifespan extension. Recent studies in transgenic HD mice support the notion that combined lithium/VPA treatment is more effective than treatment with either drug alone. In humans, several clinical studies of HD patients found that lithium treatment improved mood, and that VPA treatment both stabilized mood and moderately reduced chorea. In contrast, other studies observed that the hallmark features of HD were unaffected by treatment with either lithium or VPA. The current review discusses preclinical and clinical investigations of the beneficial effects of lithium and VPA on HD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Scheuing
- Molecular Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1363, Bethesda, MD 20892-1363, USA
| | - Chi-Tso Chiu
- Molecular Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1363, Bethesda, MD 20892-1363, USA
| | - Hsiao-Mei Liao
- Molecular Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1363, Bethesda, MD 20892-1363, USA
| | - Gabriel R Linares
- Molecular Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1363, Bethesda, MD 20892-1363, USA
| | - De-Maw Chuang
- Molecular Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1363, Bethesda, MD 20892-1363, USA
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Namekata K, Kimura A, Kawamura K, Harada C, Harada T. Dock GEFs and their therapeutic potential: neuroprotection and axon regeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 43:1-16. [PMID: 25016980 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dedicator of cytokinesis (Dock) family is composed of atypical guanine exchange factors (GEFs) that activate the Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. Rho GTPases are best documented for their roles in actin polymerization and they regulate important cellular functions, including morphogenesis, migration, neuronal development, and cell division and adhesion. To date, 11 Dock family members have been identified and their roles have been reported in diverse contexts. There has been increasing interest in elucidating the roles of Dock proteins in recent years and studies have revealed that they are potential therapeutic targets for various diseases, including glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and combined immunodeficiency. Among the Dock proteins, Dock3 is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system and recent studies have revealed that Dock3 plays a role in protecting retinal ganglion cells from neurotoxicity and oxidative stress as well as in promoting optic nerve regeneration. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the 11 Dock GEFs and their therapeutic potential, with a particular focus on Dock3 as a novel target for the treatment of glaucoma and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kimura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kawamura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Chikako Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
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Wu X, Bai Y, Tan T, Li H, Xia S, Chang X, Zhou Z, Zhou W, Li T, Wang YT, Dong Z. Lithium ameliorates autistic-like behaviors induced by neonatal isolation in rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:234. [PMID: 25018711 PMCID: PMC4071979 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal isolation is a widely accepted model to study the long-term behavioral changes produced by the early life events. However, it remains unknown whether neonatal isolation can induce autistic-like behaviors, and if so, whether pharmacological treatment can overcome it. Here, we reported that newborn rats subjected to individual isolations from their mother and nest for 1 h per day from postnatal days 1–9 displayed apparent autistic-like symptoms including social deficits, excessive repetitive self-grooming behavior, and increased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors tested in young adult (postnatal days 42–56) compared to normal reared controls. Furthermore, these behavioral changes were accompanied by impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis and reduced the ratio of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic transmissions, as reflected by an increase in spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSC) and normal spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron. More importantly, chronic administration of lithium, a clinically used mood stabilizer, completely overcame neonatal isolation-induced autistic-like behaviors, and restored adult hippocampal neurogenesis as well as the balance between excitatory and inhibitory activities to physiological levels. These findings indicate that neonatal isolation may produce autistic-like behaviors, and lithium may be a potential therapeutic agent against autism spectrum disorders (ASD) during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China ; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Yanrui Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China ; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China ; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China ; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Shuting Xia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxia Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Zikai Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Weihui Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China ; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China ; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Tian Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China ; Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China ; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Lithium, a drug used to treat bipolar disorders, has a variety of neuroprotective mechanisms, including autophagy regulation, in various neuropsychiatric conditions. In neurodegenerative diseases, lithium enhances degradation of aggregate-prone proteins, including mutated huntingtin, phosphorylated tau, and α-synuclein, and causes damaged mitochondria to degrade, while in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease autophagy downregulation by lithium is observed. The signaling pathway of lithium as an autophagy enhancer might be associated with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-independent pathway, which is involved in myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) in Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, the mTOR-dependent pathway might be involved in inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) in other diseases. Lithium's autophagy-enhancing property may contribute to the therapeutic benefit of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Motoi
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention
and Treatment of Dementia, ‡Department of Neurology, and §Department of
Pharmacy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kohei Shimada
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention
and Treatment of Dementia, ‡Department of Neurology, and §Department of
Pharmacy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koichi Ishiguro
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention
and Treatment of Dementia, ‡Department of Neurology, and §Department of
Pharmacy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention
and Treatment of Dementia, ‡Department of Neurology, and §Department of
Pharmacy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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