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Lee KMC, Lupancu T, Chang L, Manthey CL, Zeeman M, Fourie AM, Hamilton JA. The mode of action of IL-23 in experimental inflammatory arthritic pain and disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:148. [PMID: 39107827 PMCID: PMC11302168 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have previously reported using gene-deficient mice that the interleukin (IL)-23p19 subunit is required for the development of innate immune-driven arthritic pain and disease. We aimed to explore here, using a number of in vivo approaches, how the IL-23p19 subunit can mechanistically control arthritic pain and disease in a T- and B- lymphocyte-independent manner. METHODS We used the zymosan-induced arthritis (ZIA) model in wild-type and Il23p19-/- mice, by a radiation chimera approach, and by single cell RNAseq and qPCR analyses, to identify the IL23p19-expressing and IL-23-responding cell type(s) in the inflamed joints. This model was also utilized to investigate the efficacy of IL-23p19 subunit blockade with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb). A novel IL-23-driven arthritis model was established, allowing the identification of putative downstream mediators of IL-23 in the control of pain and disease. Pain and arthritis were assessed by relative static weight distribution and histology, respectively. RESULTS We present evidence that (i) IL-23p19+ non-bone marrow-derived macrophages are required for the development of ZIA pain and disease, (ii) prophylactic and therapeutic blockade of the IL-23p19 subunit ameliorate ZIA pain and disease and (iii) systemically administered IL-23 can induce arthritic pain and disease in a manner dependent on TNF, GM-CSF, CCL17 and cyclooxygenase activity, but independently of lymphocytes, CGRP, NGF and substance P. CONCLUSIONS The data presented should aid IL-23 targeting both in the choice of inflammatory disease to be treated and the design of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
| | - Tanya Lupancu
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Leon Chang
- Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Martha Zeeman
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
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Lee KMC, Lupancu T, Achuthan AA, de Steiger R, Hamilton JA. IL-23p19 in osteoarthritic pain and disease. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024:S1063-4584(24)01209-3. [PMID: 38844159 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously reported that the interleukin-23 p19 subunit (IL-23p19) is required for experimental inflammatory arthritic pain-like behavior and disease. Even though inflammation is often a characteristic feature of osteoarthritis (OA), IL-23 is not usually considered as a therapeutic target in OA. We began to explore the role of IL-23p19 in OA pain and disease utilizing mouse models of OA and patient samples. DESIGN The role of IL-23p19 in two mouse models of OA, namely collagenase-induced OA and monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA, was investigated using gene-deficient male mice. Pain-like behavior and arthritis were assessed by relative static weight distribution and histology, respectively. In knee synovial tissues from a small cohort of human OA patients, a correlation analysis was performed between IL-23A gene expression and Oxford knee score (OKS), a validated Patient Reported Outcome Measure. RESULTS We present evidence that i) IL-23p19 is required for the development of pain-like behavior and optimal disease, including cartilage damage and osteophyte formation, in two experimental OA models and ii) IL-23A gene expression in OA knee synovial tissues correlates with a lower OKS (r = -0.742, p = 0.0057). CONCLUSIONS The findings support the possible targeting of IL-23 as a treatment for OA pain and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
| | - Tanya Lupancu
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Richard de Steiger
- Department of Surgery, Epworth Healthcare, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
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Amoriello R, Memo C, Ballerini L, Ballerini C. The brain cytokine orchestra in multiple sclerosis: from neuroinflammation to synaptopathology. Mol Brain 2024; 17:4. [PMID: 38263055 PMCID: PMC10807071 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is finely protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Immune soluble factors such as cytokines (CKs) are normally produced in the CNS, contributing to physiological immunosurveillance and homeostatic synaptic scaling. CKs are peptide, pleiotropic molecules involved in a broad range of cellular functions, with a pivotal role in resolving the inflammation and promoting tissue healing. However, pro-inflammatory CKs can exert a detrimental effect in pathological conditions, spreading the damage. In the inflamed CNS, CKs recruit immune cells, stimulate the local production of other inflammatory mediators, and promote synaptic dysfunction. Our understanding of neuroinflammation in humans owes much to the study of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common autoimmune and demyelinating disease, in which autoreactive T cells migrate from the periphery to the CNS after the encounter with a still unknown antigen. CNS-infiltrating T cells produce pro-inflammatory CKs that aggravate local demyelination and neurodegeneration. This review aims to recapitulate the state of the art about CKs role in the healthy and inflamed CNS, with focus on recent advances bridging the study of adaptive immune system and neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Amoriello
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136, Trieste, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Christian Memo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Ballerini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Clara Ballerini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136, Trieste, Italy.
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4
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Zong B, Yu F, Zhang X, Zhao W, Li S, Li L. Mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical exercise on multiple sclerosis: focus on immune cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260663. [PMID: 37841264 PMCID: PMC10570846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent neuroimmunological illness that leads to neurological disability in young adults. Although the etiology of MS is heterogeneous, it is well established that aberrant activity of adaptive and innate immune cells plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Several immune cell abnormalities have been described in MS and its animal models, including T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, microglia/macrophages, and astrocytes, among others. Physical exercise offers a valuable alternative or adjunctive disease-modifying therapy for MS. A growing body of evidence indicates that exercise may reduce the autoimmune responses triggered by immune cells in MS. This is partially accomplished by restricting the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma, curbing hyperactivation of immune cells, and facilitating a transition in the balance of immune cells from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state. This review provides a succinct overview of the correlation between physical exercise, immune cells, and MS pathology, and highlights the potential benefits of exercise as a strategy for the prevention and treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zong
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhi Yu
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Shichang Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Song N, Paust HJ, Asada N, Peters A, Kaffke A, Krebs CF, Panzer U, Riedel JH. Targeting Monocyte Derived CCL17 Attenuates Murine Crescentic Glomerulonephritis by Affecting Renal CCR4+ Regulatory T-Cell Recruitment. Am J Nephrol 2023; 55:214-224. [PMID: 37742620 DOI: 10.1159/000534151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The chemokine receptor CCR4 is expressed by diverse CD4+ T cell subsets including regulatory T cells (Tregs) but its functional importance for leukocyte recruitment and the relevance of its two corresponding chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 have not been studied in immune-mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis (cGN). METHODS Utilizing the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data in analyzing leukocytes isolated from both human and murine nephritic kidneys, we identified CCL17 as a potential therapeutic target in immune-mediated renal disease. Using a mouse model of murine cGN, we then delineated the effects of targeting CCL17 by neutralizing antibodies and in Ccl17 gene-deficient mice. RESULTS Unsupervised scRNAseq analyses identified the CCL17-CCR4 axis as a mechanism potentially involved in renal T-cell migration. Analyses of functional kidney impairment and histopathological kidney damage revealed an attenuation of crescentic GN in anti-CCL17 antibody-treated mice which was corroborated using in Ccl17 gene-deficient mice. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that these changes were accompanied by an affected renal Treg recruitment in both experimental approaches. CONCLUSION The chemokine receptor CCR4 and its corresponding chemokine CCL17 are expressed in human and murine cGN and targeting the CCR4-CCL17 axis by neutralizing antibodies as well as Ccl17 gene deficiency led to increased renal Treg recruitment and reduced histological and functional kidney damage in murine cGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Song
- Division of Translational Immunology, III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Paust
- Division of Translational Immunology, III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nariaki Asada
- Division of Translational Immunology, III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anett Peters
- Division of Translational Immunology, III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Kaffke
- Division of Translational Immunology, III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian F Krebs
- Division of Translational Immunology, III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- Division of Translational Immunology, III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Riedel
- Division of Translational Immunology, III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Lupancu TJ, Eivazitork M, Hamilton JA, Achuthan AA, Lee KMC. CCL17/TARC in autoimmunity and inflammation-not just a T-cell chemokine. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:600-609. [PMID: 36975092 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-C) ligand 17 (CCL17) was first identified as thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine when it was found to be constitutively expressed in the thymus and identified as a T-cell chemokine. This chemoattractant molecule has subsequently been found at elevated levels in a range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as in cancer. CCL17 is a C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) ligand, with chemokine (C-C) ligand 22 being the other major ligand and, as CCR4 is highly expressed on helper T cells, CCL17 can play a role in T-cell-driven diseases, usually considered to be via its chemotactic activity on T helper 2 cells; however, given that CCR4 is also expressed by other cell types and there is elevated expression of CCL17 in many diseases, a broader CCL17 biology is suggested. In this review, we summarize the biology of CCL17, its regulation and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of various preclinical models. Reference is made, for example, to recent literature indicating a role for CCL17 in the control of pain as part of a granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor/CCL17 pathway in lymphocyte-independent models and thus not as a T-cell chemokine. The review also discusses the potential for CCL17 to be a biomarker and a therapeutic target in human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J Lupancu
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mahtab Eivazitork
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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GM-CSF+ Tc17 cells are required to bolster vaccine immunity against lethal fungal pneumonia without causing overt pathology. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111543. [PMID: 36288707 PMCID: PMC9641983 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF co-expressing T17 cells instigate pathologic inflammation during autoimmune disorders, but their function in immunity to infections is unclear. Here, we demonstrate the role of GM-CSF+Tc17 cells for vaccine immunity against lethal fungal pneumonia and the cytokine requirements for their induction and memory homeostasis. Vaccine-induced GM-CSF+ Tc17 cells are necessary to bolster pulmonary fungal immunity without inflating pathology. Although GM-CSF expressing Tc17 cells preferentially elevate during the memory phase, their phenotypic attributes strongly suggest they are more like Tc17 cells than IFNγ-producing Tc1 cells. IL-1 and IL-23, but not GM-CSF, are necessary to elicit GM-CSF+Tc17 cells following vaccination. IL-23 is dispensable for memory Tc17 and GM-CSF+ Tc17 cell maintenance, but recall responses of effector or memory Tc17 cells in the lung require it. Our study reveals the beneficial, nonpathological role of GM-CSF+ Tc17 cells during fungal vaccine immunity. GM-CSF+ and IL-17A+ lineages of T cells are instrumental in controlling many fungal and bacterial infections and implicated in autoimmune pathology, host-microbial interactions at the mucosal surfaces, and neuro-immune nexus. Mudalagiriyappa et al. show that GM-CSF expressing Tc17 cells are necessary for mediating fungal vaccine immunity without augmenting pathology.
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8
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Freff J, Beins EC, Bröker L, Schwarte K, Leite Dantas R, Maj C, Arolt V, Dannlowski U, Nöthen MM, Baune BT, Forstner AJ, Alferink J. Chemokine receptor 4 expression on blood T lymphocytes predicts severity of major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 310:343-353. [PMID: 35526724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines and their receptors regulate inflammatory processes in major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we characterize the expression pattern of the C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) and its ligands CCL17 and CCL22 in MDD and its clinical relevance in predicting disease severity. METHODS Expression of CCR4 on peripheral blood lymphocytes and serum CCL17/CCL22 levels were measured using multiparameter flow cytometry and multiplex assays in 33 depressed inpatients at baseline (T0) and after 6-week multimodal treatment (T1) compared with 21 healthy controls (HC). Using stratified and correlation analysis, we examined the associations of CCR4-CCL17/CCL22 expression with depression severity and symptoms according to standard clinical rating scales and questionnaires. Additionally, we assessed whether polygenic risk score (PRS) for psychiatric disorders and chronotype are associated with disease status or CCR4-CCL17/CCL22 expression. Regression analysis was performed to assess the capacity of CCR4 and PRS in predicting disease severity. RESULTS Compared with HC, MDD patients showed significantly decreased CCR4 expression on T cells (T0 and T1), whereas CCL17/CCL22 serum levels were increased. Stratified and correlation analysis revealed an association of CCR4 expression on CD4+ T cells with depression severity as well as Beck Depression Inventory-II items including loss of pleasure, agitation and cognitive deficits. CCR4 expression levels on CD4+ T cells together with cross-disorder and chronotype PRS significantly predicted disease severity. LIMITATIONS This exploratory study with small sample size warrants future studies. CONCLUSIONS This newly identified CCR4-CCL17/CCL22 signature and its predictive capacity for MDD severity suggest its potential functional involvement in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Freff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Cluster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Eva C Beins
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Lisa Bröker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Cluster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Schwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Rafael Leite Dantas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Cluster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Carlo Maj
- Institute of Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Judith Alferink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Cluster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Freff J, Bröker L, Leite Dantas R, Schwarte K, Bühlmeier J, Kraft I, Hinney A, Buhlmann U, Arolt V, Dannlowski U, Romer G, Baune BT, Hebebrand J, Föcker M, Alferink J. Expression of CXCR4 on CD4 + T cells predicts body composition parameters in female adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:960905. [PMID: 36226111 PMCID: PMC9549152 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.960905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder characterized by excessive weight loss and lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight. Individuals with AN frequently exhibit an enhanced inflammatory state and altered blood levels of cytokines and chemokines. However, the expression of chemokine receptors in AN and the association with body composition parameters and treatment effects are still unknown. In this study, we examined the expression of CCR4, CCR6, CXCR3, and CXCR4 on peripheral blood T cells in female adolescents with AN before (T0, n = 24) and after 6 weeks of multimodal therapy (T1, n = 20). We also investigated their value to predict body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI) at baseline. Using multi-parameter flow cytometry, we found increased expression of CCR4, CXCR3, and CXCR4, but not CCR6, on CD4+ T cells in AN at T0 when compared to healthy controls (HC, n = 20). At T1, CXCR3 and CXCR4 expression decreased in AN. We found a close link between CCR4, CCR6 and CXCR4 expression and the adolescent mental health status in the study cohort as determined by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Specifically, CXCR4 expression correlated positively with emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems, as well as with the total sum score of the SDQ. In addition, CXCR4 expression on CD4+ T cells was a significant predictor of BMI and FMI in female adolescents. Our findings that CXCR4 expression on T cells is altered in adolescents with AN and predicts body composition parameters in adolescents suggest an impact of this chemokine receptor in the pathogenesis of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Freff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Cluster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lisa Bröker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Cluster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rafael Leite Dantas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Cluster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Judith Bühlmeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, University Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Isabelle Kraft
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Buhlmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Romer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Cluster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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10
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Radandish M, Khalilian P, Esmaeil N. The Role of Distinct Subsets of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of MS and the Impact of Different Therapeutic Agents on These Populations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667705. [PMID: 34489926 PMCID: PMC8417824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Besides the vital role of T cells, other immune cells, including B cells, innate immune cells, and macrophages (MФs), also play a critical role in MS pathogenesis. Tissue-resident MФs in the brain’s parenchyma, known as microglia and monocyte-derived MФs, enter into the CNS following alterations in CNS homeostasis that induce inflammatory responses in MS. Although the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory actions of monocyte-derived MФs and resident MФs are required to maintain CNS tolerance, they can release inflammatory cytokines and reactivate primed T cells during neuroinflammation. In the CNS of MS patients, elevated myeloid cells and activated MФs have been found and associated with demyelination and axonal loss. Thus, according to the role of MФs in neuroinflammation, they have attracted attention as a therapeutic target. Also, due to their different origin, location, and turnover, other strategies may require to target the various myeloid cell populations. Here we review the role of distinct subsets of MФs in the pathogenesis of MS and different therapeutic agents that target these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Radandish
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Khalilian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Leite Dantas R, Freff J, Ambrée O, Beins EC, Forstner AJ, Dannlowski U, Baune BT, Scheu S, Alferink J. Dendritic Cells: Neglected Modulators of Peripheral Immune Responses and Neuroinflammation in Mood Disorders? Cells 2021; 10:941. [PMID: 33921690 PMCID: PMC8072712 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders (AD) including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are common mood disorders associated with increased disability and poor health outcomes. Altered immune responses characterized by increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuroinflammation are common findings in patients with AD and in corresponding animal models. Dendritic cells (DCs) represent a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells that orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses and self-tolerance. Upon sensing exogenous and endogenous danger signals, mature DCs secrete proinflammatory factors, acquire migratory and antigen presenting capacities and thus contribute to neuroinflammation in trauma, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about the involvement of DCs in the pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on DCs in peripheral immune responses and neuroinflammation in MDD and BD. In addition, we consider the impact of DCs on neuroinflammation and behavior in animal models of AD. Finally, we will discuss therapeutic perspectives targeting DCs and their effector molecules in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Leite Dantas
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.L.D.); (J.F.); (U.D.); (B.T.B.)
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jana Freff
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.L.D.); (J.F.); (U.D.); (B.T.B.)
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Ambrée
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Eva C. Beins
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (E.C.B.); (A.J.F.)
| | - Andreas J. Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (E.C.B.); (A.J.F.)
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.L.D.); (J.F.); (U.D.); (B.T.B.)
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.L.D.); (J.F.); (U.D.); (B.T.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Judith Alferink
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.L.D.); (J.F.); (U.D.); (B.T.B.)
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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12
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Naringenin attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by protecting the intact of blood-brain barrier and controlling inflammatory cell migration. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 89:108560. [PMID: 33249188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeting pathogenic immune cell trafficking poses an attractive opportunity to attenuate autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are characterized by the immune cells-mediated demyelination and neurodegeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). Our previous study has proven that dietary naringenin ameliorates EAE clinical symptoms via reducing the CNS cell infiltration. The present study examined the beneficial effects of naringenin on maintaining the blood-brain barrier in EAE mice via dietary naringenin intervention. The results showed that naringenin-treated EAE mice had an intact blood-CNS barrier by increasing tight junction-associated factors and decreasing Evans Blue dye in the CNS. Naringenin decreased the accumulation and maturation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), CCL19, and CCR7 in the CNS. Also, naringenin blocked the chemotaxis and antigen-presenting function of cDCs that resulted in reducing T-cell secreting cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-6) in the spleen. Importantly, naringenin blocked pathogenic T cells infiltrated into the CNS and attenuates passive EAE. Therefore, by blocking chemokine-mediated migration of DCs and pathogenic T cells into the CNS, naringenin attenuates EAE pathogenesis and might be a potential candidate for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as MS and other chronic T-cell mediated autoimmune diseases.
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13
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Primaquine elicits Foxp3+ regulatory T cells with a superior ability to limit CNS autoimmune inflammation. J Autoimmun 2020; 114:102505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Karpus WJ. Cytokines and Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:316-326. [PMID: 31907274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a CD4+ T cell-mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS that serves as a model for multiple sclerosis. Cytokines and chemokines shape Th1 and Th17 effector responses as well as regulate migration of leukocytes to the CNS during disease. The CNS cellular infiltrate consists of Ag-specific and nonspecific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The mechanism of immune-mediated inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has been extensively studied in an effort to develop therapeutic modalities for multiple sclerosis and, indeed, has provided insight in modern drug discovery. The present Brief Review highlights critical pathogenic aspects of cytokines and chemokines involved in generation of effector T cell responses and migration of inflammatory cells to the CNS. Select cytokines and chemokines are certainly important in the regulatory response, which involves T regulatory, B regulatory, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. However, that discussion is beyond the scope of this brief review.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Karpus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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15
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The Roles of Monocyte and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in Common Brain Disorders. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9396021. [PMID: 32596397 PMCID: PMC7292983 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9396021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The brain is the most important and complex organ in most living creatures which serves as the center of the nervous system. The function of human brain includes controlling of the motion of the body and different organs and maintaining basic homeostasis. The disorders of the brain caused by a variety of reasons often severely impact the patients' normal life or lead to death in extreme cases. Monocyte is an important immune cell which is often recruited to the brain in a number of brain disorders. However, the role of monocytes may not be simply described as beneficial or detrimental. It significantly depends on the disease models and the stages of disease progression. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the role of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages during several common brain disorders. Major focuses include ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, and insomnia. The recruitment, differentiation, and function of monocyte in these diseases are reviewed.
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16
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Lee KMC, Zhang Z, Achuthan A, Fleetwood AJ, Smith JE, Hamilton JA, Cook AD. IL-23 in arthritic and inflammatory pain development in mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:123. [PMID: 32471485 PMCID: PMC7345543 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cytokine, interleukin-23 (IL-23), can be critical for the progression of inflammatory diseases, including arthritis, and is often associated with T lymphocyte biology. We previously showed that certain lymphocyte-independent, inflammatory arthritis and pain models have a similar requirement for tumour necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and C-C motif ligand 17 (CCL17). Given this correlation in cytokine requirements, we explored whether IL-23 might interact with this cytokine cluster in the control of arthritic and inflammatory pain. Methods The role of IL-23 in the development of pain-like behaviour was investigated using mouse arthritis models (zymosan-induced arthritis and GM-CSF-, TNF-, and CCL17-driven monoarticular arthritis) and inflammatory pain models (intraplantar zymosan, GM-CSF, TNF, and CCL17). Additionally, IL-23-induced inflammatory pain was measured in GM-CSF−/−, Tnf−/−, and Ccl17E/E mice and in the presence of indomethacin. Pain-like behaviour and arthritis were assessed by relative weight distribution in hindlimbs and histology, respectively. Cytokine mRNA expression in knees and paw skin was analysed by quantitative PCR. Blood and synovial cell populations were analysed by flow cytometry. Results We report, using Il23p19−/− mice, that innate immune (zymosan)-driven arthritic pain-like behaviour (herein referred to as pain) was completely dependent upon IL-23; optimal arthritic disease development required IL-23 (P < 0.05). Zymosan-induced inflammatory pain was also completely dependent on IL-23. In addition, we found that exogenous TNF-, GM-CSF-, and CCL17-driven arthritic pain, as well as inflammatory pain driven by each of these cytokines, were absent in Il23p19−/− mice; optimal disease in these mBSA-primed models was dependent on IL-23 (P < 0.05). Supporting this cytokine connection, it was found conversely that IL-23 (200 ng) can induce inflammatory pain at 4 h (P < 0.0001) with a requirement for each of the other cytokines as well as cyclooxygenase activity. Conclusions These findings indicate a role for IL-23 in innate immune-mediated arthritic and inflammatory pain with potential links to TNF, GM-CSF, CCL17, and eicosanoid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia.
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Adrian Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew J Fleetwood
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Julia E Smith
- Adaptive Immunity, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew D Cook
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
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17
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Lee KMC, Jarnicki A, Achuthan A, Fleetwood AJ, Anderson GP, Ellson C, Feeney M, Modis LK, Smith JE, Hamilton JA, Cook A. CCL17 in Inflammation and Pain. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:213-222. [PMID: 32461237 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that a GM-CSF→CCL17 pathway, originally identified in vitro in macrophage lineage populations, is implicated in the control of inflammatory pain, as well as arthritic pain and disease. We explore, in this study and in various inflammation models, the cellular CCL17 expression and its GM-CSF dependence as well as the function of CCL17 in inflammation and pain. This study used models allowing the convenient cell isolation from Ccl17E/+ reporter mice; it also exploited both CCL17-dependent and unique CCL17-driven inflammatory pain and arthritis models, the latter permitting a radiation chimera approach to help identify the CCL17 responding cell type(s) and the mediators downstream of CCL17 in the control of inflammation and pain. We present evidence that 1) in the particular inflammation models studied, CCL17 expression is predominantly in macrophage lineage populations and is GM-CSF dependent, 2) for its action in arthritic pain and disease development, CCL17 acts on CCR4+ non-bone marrow-derived cells, and 3) for inflammatory pain development in which a GM-CSF→CCL17 pathway appears critical, nerve growth factor, CGRP, and substance P all appear to be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia;
| | - Andrew Jarnicki
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Adrian Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew J Fleetwood
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Gary P Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Christian Ellson
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Maria Feeney
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Louise K Modis
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Julia E Smith
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom; and
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
| | - Andrew Cook
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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18
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Elevated serum chemokine CCL22 levels in first-episode psychosis: associations with symptoms, peripheral immune state and in vivo brain glial cell function. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:94. [PMID: 32179746 PMCID: PMC7075957 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of research support immune system dysregulation in psychotic disorders. However, it remains unclear whether the immunological marker alterations are stable and how they associate with brain glial cell function. This longitudinal study aimed at investigating whether peripheral immune functions are altered in the early phases of psychotic disorders, whether the changes are associated with core symptoms, remission, brain glial cell function, and whether they persist in a one-year follow-up. Two independent cohorts comprising in total of 129 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and 130 controls were assessed at baseline and at the one-year follow-up. Serum cyto-/chemokines were measured using a 38-plex Luminex assay. The FEP patients showed a marked increase in chemokine CCL22 levels both at baseline (p < 0.0001; Cohen's d = 0.70) and at the 12-month follow-up (p = 0.0007) compared to controls. The group difference remained significant (p = 0.0019) after accounting for relevant covariates including BMI, smoking, and antipsychotic medication. Elevated serum CCL22 levels were significantly associated with hallucinations (ρ = 0.20) and disorganization (ρ = 0.23), and with worse verbal performance (ρ = -0.23). Brain glial cell activity was indexed with positron emission tomography and the translocator protein radiotracer [11C]PBR28 in subgroups of 15 healthy controls and 14 FEP patients with serum CCL22/CCL17 measurements. The distribution volume (VT) of [11C]PBR28 was lower in patients compared to controls (p = 0.026; Cohen's d = 0.94) without regionally specific effects, and was inversely associated with serum CCL22 and CCL17 levels (p = 0.036). Our results do not support the over-active microglia hypothesis of psychosis, but indicate altered CCR4 immune signaling in early psychosis with behavioral correlates possibly mediated through cross-talk between chemokine networks and dysfunctional or a decreased number of glial cells.
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19
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Monaghan KL, Wan EC. The Role of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Murine Models of Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030611. [PMID: 32143326 PMCID: PMC7140439 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that predominantly impacts the central nervous system (CNS). Animal models have been used to elucidate the underpinnings of MS pathology. One of the most well-studied models of MS is experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This model was utilized to demonstrate that the cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plays a critical and non-redundant role in mediating EAE pathology, making it an ideal therapeutic target. In this review, we will first explore the role that GM-CSF plays in maintaining homeostasis. This is important to consider, because any therapeutics that target GM-CSF could potentially alter these regulatory processes. We will then focus on current findings related to the function of GM-CSF signaling in EAE pathology, including the cell types that produce and respond to GM-CSF and the role of GM-CSF in both acute and chronic EAE. We will then assess the role of GM-CSF in alternative models of MS and comment on how this informs the understanding of GM-CSF signaling in the various aspects of MS immunopathology. Finally, we will examine what is currently known about GM-CSF signaling in MS, and how this has promoted clinical trials that directly target GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Monaghan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Edwin C.K. Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+1-304-293-6293
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20
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Jiang C, Wang Y, Hu Q, Shou J, Zhu L, Tian N, Sun L, Luo H, Zuo F, Li F, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang J. Immune changes in peripheral blood and hematoma of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. FASEB J 2020; 34:2774-2791. [PMID: 31912591 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902478r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunologic changes in the hematoma of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the contribution of these changes to prognosis are unknown. We collected the blood samples and hematoma fluid from 35 patients with acute ICH (<30 hours from symptom onset) and 55 age-matched healthy controls. Using flow cytometry and ELISA, we found that the percentages of granulocytes, regulatory T cells, helper T (Th) 17 cells, and dendritic cells were higher in the peripheral blood of patients with ICH than in healthy controls, whereas the percentages of lymphocytes, M1-like macrophages, and M2-like macrophages were lower. Levels of IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β were higher in the peripheral blood of patients with ICH. The absolute counts of white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes in the hematoma tended to be greater at 12-30 hours than they were within 12 hours after ICH, but the percentage of Th cells decreased in peripheral blood. Increased levels of IL-10 in the serum and hematoma, and a reduction in M1-like macrophages in hematoma were independently associated with favorable outcome on day 90. These results indicate that immunocytes present in the hematoma may participate in the acute-phase inflammatory response after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Qiangfu Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jixin Shou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Ning Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Zuo
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, Maryland
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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21
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Monaghan KL, Zheng W, Hu G, Wan ECK. Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Antigen-Presenting Cells Have Distinct Gene Signatures in Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2779. [PMID: 31849962 PMCID: PMC6889845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by a complex interaction between the autoreactive lymphocytes and the effector myeloid cells within the central nervous system (CNS). In a murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), Ly6Chi monocytes migrate into the CNS and further differentiate into antigen-presenting cells (APCs) during disease progression. Currently, there is no information about gene signatures that can distinguish between monocytes and the monocyte-derived APCs. We developed a surface marker-based strategy to distinguish between these two cell types during the stage of EAE when the clinical symptoms were most severe, and performed transcriptome analysis to compare their gene expression. We report here that the inflammatory CNS environment substantially alters gene expression of monocytes, compared to the monocyte differentiation process within CNS. Monocytes in the CNS express genes that encode proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and their expression is mostly maintained when the cells differentiate. Moreover, monocyte-derived APCs express surface markers associated with both dendritic cells and macrophages, and have a significant up-regulation of genes that are critical for antigen presentation. Furthermore, we found that Ccl17, Ccl22, and Ccr7 are expressed in monocyte-derived APCs but not the Ly6Chi monocytes. These findings may shed light on identifying molecular signals that control monocyte differentiation and functions during EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Monaghan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Bioinformatics Core, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Edwin C. K. Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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22
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Françozo MCS, Costa FRC, Guerra-Gomes IC, Silva JS, Sesti-Costa R. Dendritic cells and regulatory T cells expressing CCR4 provide resistance to coxsackievirus B5-induced pancreatitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14766. [PMID: 31611578 PMCID: PMC6791842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type B coxsackieviruses (CVB) are enteroviruses responsible for a common infectious myocarditis and pancreatitis. DCs and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key players in controlling virus replication and regulating the immune response and tissue damage, respectively. However, the mechanisms underlying cellular migration to target tissues remain unclear. In the present study, we found that CVB5 infection induced CCL17 production and controlled the migration of CCR4+ DCs and CCR4+ Tregs to the pancreatic lymph nodes (pLN). CVB5 infection of CCR4-/- mice reduced the migration of the CD8α+ DC subset and reduced DC activation and production of IFN-β and IL-12. Consequently, CCR4-/- mice presented decreased IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, an increased viral load and more severe pancreatitis. In addition, CCR4-/- mice had impaired Treg accumulation in pLN as well as increased T lymphocyte activation. Adoptive transfer of CCR4+ Tregs but not CCR4- Tregs was able to regulate T lymphocyte activation upon CVB5 infection. The present data reveal a previously unknown role for CCR4 in coordinating immune cell migration to CVB-infected tissues and in controlling subsequent pancreatitis. These new insights may contribute to the design of future therapies for acute and chronic infection of non-polio enteroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederico R C Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel C Guerra-Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João S Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Fiocruz- Bi-Institutional Translational Medicine Project, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata Sesti-Costa
- Hematology Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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NLRP3 gain-of-function in CD4 + T lymphocytes ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1901-1916. [PMID: 31471462 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome [NLR (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing protein) Pyrin-domain-containing 3 ] functions as an innate sensor of several PAMPs and DAMPs (pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns). It has been also reported as a transcription factor related to Th2 pattern, although its role in the adaptive immunity has been controversial, mainly because the studies were performed using gene deletion approaches. In the present study, we have investigated the NLRP3 gain-of-function in the context of encephalomyelitis autoimmune disease (EAE), considered to be a Th1- and Th17-mediated disease. We took advantage of an animal model with NLRP3 gain-of-function exclusively to T CD4+ lymphocytes (CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl). These mice presented reduced clinical score, accompanied by less infiltrating T CD4+ cells expressing both IFN-γ and IL-17 at the central nervous system (CNS) during the peak of the disease. However, besides NLRP3 gain-of-function in lymphocytes, these mice lack NLRP3 expression in non-T CD4+ cells. Therefore, in order to circumvent this deficiency, we transferred naive CD4+ T cells from WT, NLRP3-/- or CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl into Rag-1-/- mice and immunized them with MOG35-55 Likewise, the animals repopulated with CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl T CD4+ cells presented reduced clinical score and decreased IFN-γ production at the peak of the disease. Additionally, primary effector CD4+ T cells derived from these mice presented reduced glycolytic profile, a metabolic profile compatible with Th2 cells. Finally, naive CD4+ T cells from CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl mice under a Th2-related cytokine milieu cocktail exhibited in vitro an increased IL-4 and IL-13 production. Conversely, naive CD4+ T cells from CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl mice under Th1 differentiation produced less IFN-γ and T-bet. Altogether, our data evidence that the NLRP3 gain-of-function promotes a Th2-related response, a pathway that could be better explored in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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24
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Li S, Wu Y, Yang D, Wu C, Ma C, Liu X, Moynagh PN, Wang B, Hu G, Yang S. Gasdermin D in peripheral myeloid cells drives neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2562-2581. [PMID: 31467036 PMCID: PMC6829591 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is critical for EAE pathogenesis; however, the role of gasdermin D (GSDMD), a newly identified pyroptosis executioner downstream of NLRP3 inflammasome, in EAE has not been well defined. Here, we observed that the levels of GSDMD protein were greatly enhanced in the CNS of EAE mice, especially near the areas surrounding blood vessels. GSDMD was required for the pathogenesis of EAE, and GSDMD deficiency in peripheral myeloid cells impaired the infiltration of immune cells into the CNS, leading to the suppression of neuroinflammation and demyelination. Furthermore, the loss of GSDMD reduced the activation and differentiation of T cell in the secondary lymphoid organs and prevented T cell infiltration into CNS of EAE. The administration of inflammasome-related cytokines partially rescued the impairment of pathogenesis of EAE in GSDMD KO mice. Collectively, these findings provide the first demonstration of GSDMD in peripheral myeloid cells driving neuroinflammation during EAE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongxue Yang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunmei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Paul N Moynagh
- Maynooth University Human Health Research Institute, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland.,Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Bingwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Ambrée O, Ruland C, Zwanzger P, Klotz L, Baune BT, Arolt V, Scheu S, Alferink J. Social Defeat Modulates T Helper Cell Percentages in Stress Susceptible and Resilient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143512. [PMID: 31319604 PMCID: PMC6678569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered adaptive immunity involving T lymphocytes has been found in depressed patients and in stress-induced depression-like behavior in animal models. Peripheral T cells play important roles in homeostasis and function of the central nervous system and thus modulate behavior. However, the T cell phenotype and function associated with susceptibility and resilience to depression remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized splenic T cells in susceptible and resilient mice after 10 days of social defeat stress (SDS). We found equally decreased T cell frequencies and comparably altered expression levels of genes associated with T helper (Th) cell function in resilient and susceptible mice. Interleukin (IL)-17 producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers in the spleen were significantly increased in susceptible mice. These animals further exhibited significantly reduced numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg) and decreased gene expression levels of TGF-β. Mice with enhanced Th17 differentiation induced by conditional deletion of PPARγ in CD4+ cells (CD4-PPARγKO), an inhibitor of Th17 development, were equally susceptible to SDS when compared to CD4-PPARγWT controls. These data indicate that enhanced Th17 differentiation alone does not alter stress vulnerability. Thus, SDS promotes Th17 cell and suppresses Treg cell differentiation predominantly in susceptible mice with yet unknown effects in immune responses after stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ambrée
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Christina Ruland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Zwanzger
- kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, 83512 Wasserburg am Inn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, 49149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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26
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Lotfi N, Thome R, Rezaei N, Zhang GX, Rezaei A, Rostami A, Esmaeil N. Roles of GM-CSF in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases: An Update. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1265. [PMID: 31275302 PMCID: PMC6593264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was first described as a growth factor that induces the differentiation and proliferation of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow. GM-CSF also has an important cytokine effect in chronic inflammatory diseases by stimulating the activation and migration of myeloid cells to inflammation sites, promoting survival of target cells and stimulating the renewal of effector granulocytes and macrophages. Because of these pro-cellular effects, an imbalance in GM-CSF production/signaling may lead to harmful inflammatory conditions. In this context, GM-CSF has a pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases that are dependent on cellular immune responses such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Conversely, a protective role has also been described in other autoimmune diseases where humoral responses are detrimental such as myasthenia gravis (MG), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this review, we aimed for a comprehensive analysis of literature data on the multiple roles of GM-CSF in autoimmue diseases and possible therapeutic strategies that target GM-CSF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Lotfi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rodolfo Thome
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nahid Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Abbas Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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27
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Lee MC, Lacey DC, Fleetwood AJ, Achuthan A, Hamilton JA, Cook AD. GM-CSF- and IRF4-Dependent Signaling Can Regulate Myeloid Cell Numbers and the Macrophage Phenotype during Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:3033-3040. [PMID: 30988114 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated the importance of a GM-CSF→IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4)→CCL17 pathway, first identified in monocytes/macrophages, for arthritic pain and disease development. In this study, we further investigated the involvement of this new pathway in shaping the inflammatory response using the zymosan-induced peritonitis (ZIP) model. ZIP (8 mg of zymosan, i.p., day 0) was induced in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), GM-CSF-/- , Irf4-/- , and Ccl17E/E mice. In comparison with WT mice, GM-CSF-/- and Irf4-/- mice had a reduced ZIP response, as judged by a reduced number of neutrophils and macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. Moreover, the phenotype of the ZIP macrophages was altered by a lack of GM-CSF or IRF4 (increased IL-10 secretion and Arg1 mRNA expression), with IRF4 levels being lower in GM-CSF-/- ZIP macrophages than in the WT cells. In addition, GM-CSF ̶IRF4 signaling upregulated MHC class II expression in ZIP macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Although Ccl17 mRNA expression was reduced in ZIP macrophages in the absence of either GM-CSF or IRF4, thus supporting the presence of the new pathway in inflammatory macrophages, CCL17 did not modulate the inflammatory response, both in terms of number of myeloid cells or the macrophage phenotype. Thus, during an inflammatory response, both macrophage numbers and their phenotype can depend on GM-CSF- and IRF4-dependent signaling independently of CCL17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chin Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; and
| | - Derek C Lacey
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; and
| | - Andrew J Fleetwood
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; and
| | - Adrian Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; and
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; and.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
| | - Andrew D Cook
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; and
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28
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Galvão-Filho B, de Castro JT, Figueiredo MM, Rosmaninho CG, Antonelli LRDV, Gazzinelli RT. The emergence of pathogenic TNF/iNOS producing dendritic cells (Tip-DCs) in a malaria model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is dependent on CCR4. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:312-322. [PMID: 30337650 PMCID: PMC6375779 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) are complications that cause lung damage and often leads to death. The MA-ARDS/ALI is associated with a Type 1 inflammatory response mediated by T lymphocytes and IFN-γ. Here, we used the Plasmodium berghei NK65 (PbN)-induced MA-ALI/ARDS model that resembles human disease and confirmed that lung CD4+ and CD8+ T cells predominantly expressed Tbet and IFN-γ. Surprisingly, we found that development of MA-ALI/ARDS was dependent on functional CCR4, known to mediate the recruitment of Th2 lymphocytes and regulatory T cells. However, in this Type 1 inflammation-ARDS model, CCR4 was not involved in the recruitment of T lymphocytes, but was required for the emergence of TNF-α/iNOS producing dendritic cells (Tip-DCs) in the lungs. In contrast, recruitment of Tip-DCs and development of MA-ALI/ARDS were not altered in CCR2-/- mice. Importantly, we showed that NOS2-/- mice are resistant to PbN-induced lung damage, indicating that reactive nitrogen species produced by Tip-DCs play an essential role in inducing MA-ARDS/ALI. Lastly, our experiments suggest that production of IFN-γ primarily by CD8+ T cells is required for inducing Tip-DCs differentiation in the lungs and the development of MA-ALI/ARDS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Galvão-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil,Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz –Minas, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Júlia Teixeira de Castro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz –Minas, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Marta Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz –Minas, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudio Gonçalves Rosmaninho
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz –Minas, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil,Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz –Minas, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil,Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605, Worcester, MA, USA,Plataforma de Medicinal Translacional-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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29
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Fülle L, Offermann N, Hansen JN, Breithausen B, Erazo AB, Schanz O, Radau L, Gondorf F, Knöpper K, Alferink J, Abdullah Z, Neumann H, Weighardt H, Henneberger C, Halle A, Förster I. CCL17 exerts a neuroimmune modulatory function and is expressed in hippocampal neurons. Glia 2018; 66:2246-2261. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Fülle
- Immunology & Environment; Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Nina Offermann
- Immunology & Environment; Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Jan Niklas Hansen
- Neuroimmunology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR); Bonn Germany
| | - Björn Breithausen
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences; University of Bonn Medical School; Bonn Germany
| | - Anna Belen Erazo
- Immunology & Environment; Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Oliver Schanz
- Immunology & Environment; Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Luca Radau
- Immunology & Environment; Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Fabian Gondorf
- Immunology & Environment; Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Immunology & Environment; Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Zeinab Abdullah
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Molecular Medicine; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Harald Neumann
- Neural Regeneration Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Heike Weighardt
- Immunology & Environment; Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Christian Henneberger
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences; University of Bonn Medical School; Bonn Germany
- Institute of Neurology; University College London; London United Kingdom
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
| | - Annett Halle
- Neuroimmunology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR); Bonn Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Immunology & Environment; Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
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30
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Ambrée O, Ruland C, Scheu S, Arolt V, Alferink J. Alterations of the Innate Immune System in Susceptibility and Resilience After Social Defeat Stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:141. [PMID: 30057531 PMCID: PMC6053497 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of innate immune responses has frequently been reported in stress-associated psychiatric disorders such as major depression. In mice, enhanced circulating cytokine levels as well as altered innate immune cell numbers have been found after stress exposure. In addition, stress-induced recruitment of peripheral monocytes to the brain has been shown to promote anxiety-like behavior. However, it is yet unclear whether specific differences in the innate immune system are associated with stress susceptibility or resilience in mice. Utilizing chronic social defeat, a model of depression and stress vulnerability, we characterized peripheral and brain-invading myeloid cells in stress-susceptible and resilient animals. In all defeated animals, we found reduced percentages of CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) by flow cytometry in the spleen when compared to non-defeated controls. Exclusively in susceptible mice conventional DCs of the spleen showed up-regulated expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory CD80 molecules pointing toward an enhanced maturation phenotype of these cells. Susceptible, but not resilient animals further exhibited an increase in inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes and higher numbers of spleen-derived CD11b+ cells that produced the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Increased percentages of peripheral CD45hi CD11b+ cells immigrated into the brain of defeated mice, regardless of resilience or susceptibility. However, cellular infiltrates in the brain of susceptible mice contained higher percentages of CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2+) Ly6Chi monocytes representing an inflammatory phenotype. Thus, we defined specific stress-related immune signatures involving conventional DCs and inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes in susceptible and resilient mice. Together, our findings suggest an impact of the innate immune system in vulnerability to stress-related disorders such as major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ambrée
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christina Ruland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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31
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Dendritic cell recruitment and activation in autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2017; 85:126-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Xu X, Bian L, Shen M, Li X, Zhu J, Chen S, Xiao L, Zhang Q, Chen H, Xu K, Yang T. Multipeptide-coupled nanoparticles induce tolerance in 'humanised' HLA-transgenic mice and inhibit diabetogenic CD8 + T cell responses in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:2418-2431. [PMID: 28887632 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Induction of antigen-specific immunological tolerance may provide an attractive immunotherapy in the NOD mouse model but the conditions that lead to the successful translation to human type 1 diabetes are limited. In this study, we covalently linked 500 nm carboxylated polystyrene beads (PSB) with a mixture of immunodominant HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitopes (peptides-PSB) that may have high clinical relevance in humans as they promote immune tolerance; we then investigated the effect of the nanoparticle-peptide complexes on T cell tolerance. METHODS PSB-coupled mixtures of HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitopes were administered to HHD II mice via intravenous injection. The effects on delaying the course of the disease were verified in NOD.β2m null HHD mice. The diabetogenic HLA-A*02:01-restricted cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) responses to treatment with peptides-PSB were validated in individuals with type 1 diabetes. RESULTS We showed that peptides-PSB could induce antigen-specific tolerance in HHD II mice. The protective immunological mechanisms were mediated through the function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, suppressive T cell activation and T cell anergy. Furthermore, the peptides-PSB induced an activation and accumulation of regulatory T cells and CD11c+ dendritic cells through a rapid production of CD169+ macrophage-derived C-C motif chemokine 22 (CCL22). Peptides-PSB also prevented diabetes in 'humanised' NOD.β2m null HHD mice and suppressed pathogenic CTL responses in people with type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings demonstrate for the first time the potential for using multipeptide-PSB complexes to induce T cell tolerance and halt the autoimmune process. These findings represent a promising platform for an antigen-specific tolerance strategy in type 1 diabetes and highlight a mechanism through which metallophilic macrophages mediate the early cell-cell interactions required for peptides-PSB-induced immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Bian
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuanfeng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Thangamani S, Hermance ME, Santos RI, Slovak M, Heinze D, Widen SG, Kazimirova M. Transcriptional Immunoprofiling at the Tick-Virus-Host Interface during Early Stages of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Transmission. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:494. [PMID: 29250492 PMCID: PMC5716978 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging diseases transmitted by blood feeding arthropods are significant global public health problems. Ticks transmit the greatest variety of pathogenic microorganisms of any blood feeding arthropod. Infectious agents transmitted by ticks are delivered to the vertebrate host together with saliva at the bite site. Tick salivary glands produce complex cocktails of bioactive molecules that facilitate blood feeding and pathogen transmission by modulating host hemostasis, pain/itch responses, wound healing, and both innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we utilized Illumina Next Generation Sequencing to characterize the transcriptional immunoprofile of cutaneous immune responses to Ixodes ricinus transmitted tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). A comparative immune gene expression analysis of TBEV-infected and uninfected tick feeding sites was performed. Our analysis reveals that ticks create an inflammatory environment at the bite site during the first 3 h of feeding, and significant differences in host responses were observed between TBEV-infected and uninfected tick feeding. Gene-expression analysis reveals modulation of inflammatory genes after 1 and 3 h of TBEV-infected tick feeding. Transcriptional levels of genes specific to chemokines and cytokines indicated a neutrophil-dominated immune response. Immunohistochemistry of the tick feeding site revealed that mononuclear phagocytes and fibroblasts are the primary target cells for TBEV infection and did not detect TBEV antigens in neutrophils. Together, the transcriptional and immunohistochemistry results suggest that early cutaneous host responses to TBEV-infected tick feeding are more inflammatory than expected and highlight the importance of inflammatory chemokine and cytokine pathways in tick-borne flavivirus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Thangamani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Center for Tropical Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Meghan E Hermance
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Rodrigo I Santos
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Mirko Slovak
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dar Heinze
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Kazimirova
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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The C-C Chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 and Their Receptor CCR4 in CNS Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112306. [PMID: 29099057 PMCID: PMC5713275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It affects more than two million people worldwide, mainly young adults, and may lead to progressive neurological disability. Chemokines and their receptors have been shown to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine disease model induced by active immunization with myelin proteins or transfer of encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells that recapitulates clinical and neuropathological features of MS. Chemokine ligand-receptor interactions orchestrate leukocyte trafficking and influence multiple pathophysiological cellular processes, including antigen presentation and cytokine production by dendritic cells (DCs). The C-C class chemokines 17 (CCL17) and 22 (CCL22) and their C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) have been shown to play an important role in homeostasis and inflammatory responses. Here, we provide an overview of the involvement of CCR4 and its ligands in CNS autoimmunity. We review key clinical studies of MS together with experimental studies in animals that have demonstrated functional roles of CCR4, CCL17, and CCL22 in EAE pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of newly developed CCR4 antagonists and a humanized anti-CCR4 antibody for treatment of MS.
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Chemokine CCL17 is expressed by dendritic cells in the CNS during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and promotes pathogenesis of disease. Brain Behav Immun 2017. [PMID: 28642092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The CC chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) and its cognate CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) are known to control leukocyte migration, maintenance of TH17 cells, and regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion in vivo. In this study we characterized the expression and functional role of CCL17 in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using a CCL17/EGFP reporter mouse model, we could show that CCL17 expression in the CNS can be found in a subset of classical dendritic cells (DCs) that immigrate into the CNS during the effector phase of MOG-induced EAE. CCL17 deficient (CCL17-/-) mice exhibited an ameliorated disease course upon MOG-immunization, associated with reduced immigration of IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells and peripheral DCs into the CNS. CCL17-/- DCs further showed equivalent MHC class II and costimulatory molecule expression and an equivalent capacity to secrete IL-23 and induce myelin-reactive TH17 cells when compared to wildtype DCs. In contrast, their transmigration in an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier was markedly impaired. In addition, peripheral Treg cells were enhanced in CCL17-/- mice at peak of disease pointing towards an immunoregulatory function of CCL17 in EAE. Our study identifies CCL17 as a unique modulator of EAE pathogenesis regulating DC trafficking as well as peripheral Treg cell expansion in EAE. Thus, CCL17 operates at distinct levels and on different cell subsets during immune response in EAE, a property harboring therapeutic potential for the treatment of CNS autoimmunity.
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Cédile O, Wlodarczyk A, Owens T. CCL2 recruits T cells into the brain in a CCR2-independent manner. APMIS 2017; 125:945-956. [PMID: 28836736 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CCL2 is a chemokine that can be induced during neuroinflammation to recruit immune cells, but its role in the central nervous system (CNS) is unclear. Our aim was to better understand its role. We induced CCL2 in CNS of naive CCL2-deficient mice using intrathecally administered replication-defective adenovirus and examined cell infiltration by flow cytometry. CCL2 expression induced pronounced and unexpected recruitment of regulatory and IFNγ-producing T cells to CNS from blood, possibly related to defective egress of monocytes from CCL2-deficient bone marrow. Infiltration also occurred in mice lacking CCR2, a receptor for CCL2. Expression of another receptor for CCL2, CCR4, and CXCR3, a receptor for CXCL10, which was also induced, were both increased in CCL2-treated CNS. CCR4 was expressed by neurons and astrocytes as well as CD4 T cells, and CXCR3 was expressed by CD4 and CD8 T cells. Chemokine-recruited T cells did not lead to CNS pathology. Our findings show a role for CCL2 in recruitment of CD4 T cells to the CNS and show that redundancy among chemokine receptors ensures optimal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Cédile
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Wlodarczyk
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trevor Owens
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Wu BC, Patel ED, Ortega-Loayza AG. Drug-induced pyoderma gangrenosum: a model to understand the pathogenesis of pyoderma gangrenosum. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:72-83. [PMID: 27864925 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare autoinflammatory condition in which the alteration of neutrophil function and the innate immune response play key roles in its pathogenesis. Cases of PG have been reported in patients being treated with certain medications, which may help us to understand some of the possible pathways involved in the aetiology of PG. The aim of this review is to review the cases of PG triggered by certain drugs and try to thoroughly understand the pathogenesis of the disease. To accomplish this, a PubMed search was completed using the following words: pyoderma gangrenosum, neutrophilic dermatosis, pathophysiology, drug-induced pyoderma gangrenosum. In total, we found 43 cases of drug-induced PG. Most of them were caused by colony-stimulating factors and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We propose that drugs induce PG through various mechanisms such as dysfunctional neutrophil migration and function, dysregulated inflammatory response, promotion of keratinocyte apoptosis and alteration of epigenetic mechanisms. PG is a rare condition with complex pathophysiology and drug-induced cases are even more scarce; this is the main limitation of this review. Understanding the possible mechanisms of drug-induced PG, via abnormal neutrophil migration and function, abnormal inflammation, keratinocyte apoptosis and alteration of epigenetic mechanisms would help to better understand the pathogenesis of PG and ultimately to optimize targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Wu
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine/Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - E D Patel
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, U.S.A
| | - A G Ortega-Loayza
- Center for Wound and Healing, Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, CHD 16D, Portland, OR, 97034, U.S.A
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Zhang J, Li Z, Hu X, Su Q, He C, Liu J, Ren H, Qian M, Liu J, Cui S, Jiang W. Knockout of P2Y 12 aggravates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice via increasing of IL-23 production and Th17 cell differentiation by dendritic cells. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 62:245-255. [PMID: 27939246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a common model of multiple sclerosis (MS), is mainly mediated by CD4+ T cells with demyelination and neurodegeneration of central nervous system (CNS). The loss of P2Y12 receptor might be associated with the pathogenesis of MS/EAE, but its potential mechanism is still not clear. In this study, more severe EAE developed in P2Y12-knockout (P2Y12-KO) mice compared to WT mice. Knockout of P2Y12 increased expression of IL-17A in the sera and proportion of Th17 cells in spleen and CNS. However, in vitro studies showed that P2Y12 did not influence cell differentiation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells. In bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), loss of P2Y12 significantly increased the production of IL-23 in contrast to the wild-type (WT) BMDCs. FACS analysis indicated that the culture supernatant from P2Y12-deficient DCs promoted more naïve CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th17 cells. Our finding demonstrated that genetic deletion of P2Y12 receptor broke the balance of Th subtypes by affecting the cytokine profile of BMDCs and resulted in the aggravated EAE, which suggested that P2Y12 may be a potential target in treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufang Cui
- Laboratory Animal Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenzheng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Gross CC, Ahmetspahic D, Ruck T, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Schwarte K, Jörgens S, Scheu S, Windhagen S, Graefe B, Melzer N, Klotz L, Arolt V, Wiendl H, Meuth SG, Alferink J. Alemtuzumab treatment alters circulating innate immune cells in multiple sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2016; 3:e289. [PMID: 27766281 PMCID: PMC5063395 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To characterize changes in myeloid and lymphoid innate immune cells in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) during a 6-month follow-up after alemtuzumab treatment. Methods: Circulating innate immune cells including myeloid cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) were analyzed before and 6 and 12 months after onset of alemtuzumab treatment. Furthermore, a potential effect on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)–23 production by myeloid cells and natural killer (NK) cell cytolytic activity was determined. Results: In comparison to CD4+ T lymphocytes, myeloid and lymphoid innate cell subsets of patients with MS expressed significantly lower amounts of CD52 on their cell surface. Six months after CD52 depletion, numbers of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) and conventional DCs were reduced compared to baseline. GM-CSF and IL-23 production in DCs remained unchanged. Within the ILC compartment, the subset of CD56bright NK cells specifically expanded under alemtuzumab treatment, but their cytolytic activity did not change. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that 6 months after alemtuzumab treatment, specific DC subsets are reduced, while CD56bright NK cells expanded in patients with MS. Thus, alemtuzumab specifically restricts the DC compartment and expands the CD56bright NK cell subset with potential immunoregulatory properties in MS. We suggest that remodeling of the innate immune compartment may promote long-term efficacy of alemtuzumab and preserve immunocompetence in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Diana Ahmetspahic
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schwarte
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Silke Jörgens
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Susanne Windhagen
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Bettina Graefe
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Nico Melzer
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany
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McGaha TL, Karlsson MCI. Apoptotic cell responses in the splenic marginal zone: a paradigm for immunologic reactions to apoptotic antigens with implications for autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2016; 269:26-43. [PMID: 26683143 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic cells drive innate regulatory responses that result in tolerogenic immunity. This is a critical aspect of cell physiology as apoptotic cells expose potentially dangerous nuclear antigens on the surface in apoptotic blebs, and failure in their recognition, phagocytosis, or destruction can cause dramatic autoimmunity in experimental models and is linked to development and progression of systemic pathology in human. The marginal zone is a specialized splenic environment that serves as a transitional site from circulation to peripheral lymphoid structures. The marginal zone serves a key role in trapping of particulates and initiation of innate responses against systemic microbial pathogens. However in recent years, it has become clear the marginal zone is also important for initiation of immune tolerance to apoptotic cells, driving a coordinated response involving multiple phagocyte and lymphocyte subsets. Recent reports linking defects in splenic macrophage function to systemic lupus erythematosus in a manner analogous to marginal zone macrophages in lupus-prone mice provide an impetus to better understand the mechanistic basis of the apoptotic cell response in the marginal zone and its general applicability to apoptotic cell-driven tolerance at other tissue sites. In this review, we discuss immune responses to apoptotic cells in the spleen in general and the marginal zone in particular, the relationship of these responses to autoimmune disease, and comparisons to apoptotic cell immunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L McGaha
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Alferink J, Specht S, Arends H, Schumak B, Schmidt K, Ruland C, Lundt R, Kemter A, Dlugos A, Kuepper JM, Poppensieker K, Findeiss M, Albayram Ö, Otte DM, Marazzi J, Gertsch J, Förster I, Maier W, Scheu S, Hoerauf A, Zimmer A. Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Modulates Susceptibility to Experimental Cerebral Malaria through a CCL17-dependent Mechanism. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19517-31. [PMID: 27474745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a severe and often fatal complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. It is characterized by parasite sequestration, a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and a strong inflammation in the brain. We investigated the role of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), an important modulator of neuroinflammatory responses, in experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Strikingly, mice with a deletion of the CB2-encoding gene (Cnr2(-/-)) inoculated with Plasmodium berghei ANKA erythrocytes exhibited enhanced survival and a diminished blood-brain barrier disruption. Therapeutic application of a specific CB2 antagonist also conferred increased ECM resistance in wild type mice. Hematopoietic derived immune cells were responsible for the enhanced protection in bone marrow (BM) chimeric Cnr2(-/-) mice. Mixed BM chimeras further revealed that CB2-expressing cells contributed to ECM development. A heterogeneous CD11b(+) cell population, containing macrophages and neutrophils, expanded in the Cnr2(-/-) spleen after infection and expressed macrophage mannose receptors, arginase-1 activity, and IL-10. Also in the Cnr2(-/-) brain, CD11b(+) cells that expressed selected anti-inflammatory markers accumulated, and expression of inflammatory mediators IFN-γ and TNF-α was reduced. Finally, the M2 macrophage chemokine CCL17 was identified as an essential factor for enhanced survival in the absence of CB2, because CCL17 × Cnr2 double-deficient mice were fully susceptible to ECM. Thus, targeting CB2 may be promising for the development of alternative treatment regimes of ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Alferink
- From the Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany, the Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, 48149 Münster, Germany,
| | - Sabine Specht
- the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology and
| | - Hannah Arends
- From the Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, and
| | - Beatrix Schumak
- the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology and
| | - Kim Schmidt
- the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology and
| | - Christina Ruland
- the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ramona Lundt
- From the Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, and
| | - Andrea Kemter
- From the Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, and
| | - Andrea Dlugos
- the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Janina M Kuepper
- the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology and
| | | | | | - Önder Albayram
- From the Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, and
| | - David-M Otte
- From the Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, and
| | - Janine Marazzi
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland, and
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland, and
| | - Irmgard Förster
- the Department of Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- the Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- the Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology and
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- From the Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, and
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Ambrée O, Klassen I, Förster I, Arolt V, Scheu S, Alferink J. Reduced locomotor activity and exploratory behavior in CC chemokine receptor 4 deficient mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 314:87-95. [PMID: 27469058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors are key regulators of immune cell trafficking and activation. Recent findings suggest that they may also play pathophysiological roles in psychiatric diseases like depression and anxiety disorders. The CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) and its two ligands, CCL17 and CCL22, are functionally involved in neuroinflammation as well as anti-infectious and autoimmune responses. However, their influence on behavior remains unknown. Here we characterized the functional role of the CCR4-CCL17 chemokine-receptor axis in the modulation of anxiety-related behavior, locomotor activity, and object exploration and recognition. Additionally, we investigated social exploration of CCR4 and CCL17 knockout mice and wild type (WT) controls. CCR4 knockout (CCR4(-/-)) mice exhibited fewer anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated plus-maze, diminished locomotor activity, exploratory behavior, and social exploration, while their recognition memory was not affected. In contrast, CCL17 deficient mice did not show an altered behavior compared to WT mice regarding locomotor activity, anxiety-related behavior, social exploration, and object recognition memory. In the dark-light and object recognition tests, CCL17(-/-) mice even covered longer distances than WT mice. These data demonstrate a mechanistic or developmental role of CCR4 in the regulation of locomotor and exploratory behaviors, whereas the ligand CCL17 appears not to be involved in the behaviors measured here. Thus, either CCL17 and the alternative ligand CCL22 may be redundant, or CCL22 is the main activator of CCR4 in these processes. Taken together, these findings contribute to the growing evidence regarding the involvement of chemokines and their receptors in the regulation of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ambrée
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Irene Klassen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Immunology and Environment, Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) lie at the heart of the innate immune system, specialised at recognising danger signals in many forms including foreign material, infection or tissue damage and initiating powerful adaptive immune and inflammatory responses. In barrier sites such as the lung, the instrumental role that DCs play at the interface between the environment and the host places them in a pivotal position in determining the severity of inflammatory disease. The past few years has seen a significant increase in our fundamental understanding of the subsets of DCs involved in pulmonary immunity, as well as the mechanisms by which they are activated and which they may use to coordinate downstream inflammation and pathology. In this review, we will summarise current understanding of the multi-faceted role that DCs play in the induction, maintenance and regulation of lung immunopathology, with an emphasis on allergic pulmonary disease.
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44
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Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Laaksonen H, Flytzani S, N'diaye M, Olsson T, Jagodic M. Translational utility of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: recent developments. J Inflamm Res 2015; 8:211-25. [PMID: 26622189 PMCID: PMC4654535 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s76707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune condition with firmly established genetic and environmental components. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed a large number of genetic polymorphisms in the vicinity of, and within, genes that associate to disease. However, the significance of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms in disease and possible mechanisms of action remain, with a few exceptions, to be established. While the animal model for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), has been instrumental in understanding immunity in general and mechanisms of MS disease in particular, much of the translational information gathered from the model in terms of treatment development (glatiramer acetate and natalizumab) has been extensively summarized. In this review, we would thus like to cover the work done in EAE from a GWAS perspective, highlighting the research that has addressed the role of different GWAS genes and their pathways in EAE pathogenesis. Understanding the contribution of these pathways to disease might allow for the stratification of disease subphenotypes in patients and in turn open the possibility for new and individualized treatment approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Ortlieb Guerreiro-Cacais
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Laaksonen
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sevasti Flytzani
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie N'diaye
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ludewig P, Gallizioli M, Urra X, Behr S, Brait VH, Gelderblom M, Magnus T, Planas AM. Dendritic cells in brain diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:352-67. [PMID: 26569432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ludewig
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mattia Gallizioli
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xabier Urra
- Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Behr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa H Brait
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna M Planas
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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Niven J, Hoare J, McGowan D, Devarajan G, Itohara S, Gannagé M, Teismann P, Crane I. S100B Up-Regulates Macrophage Production of IL1β and CCL22 and Influences Severity of Retinal Inflammation. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26204512 PMCID: PMC4512682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
S100B is a Ca2+ binding protein and is typically associated with brain and CNS disorders. However, the role of S100B in an inflammatory situation is not clear. The aim of the study was to determine whether S100B is likely to influence inflammation through its effect on macrophages. A murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and primary bone marrow derived macrophages were used for in vitro studies and a model of retinal inflammatory disease in which pathogenesis is highly dependent on macrophage infiltration, Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis, for in vitro study. Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis is a model for the human disease posterior endogenous uveoretinitis, a potentially blinding condition, with an autoimmune aetiology, that mainly affects the working age group. To date the involvement of S100B in autoimmune uveoretinitis has not been investigated. Real-time PCR array analysis on RAW 246.7 cells indicated up-regulation of gene expression for various cytokines/chemokines in response to S100B, IL-1β and CCL22 in particular and this was confirmed by real-time PCR. In addition flow cytometry and ELISA confirmed up-regulation of protein production in response to S100B for pro-IL-1β and CCL22 respectively. This was the case for both RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow derived macrophages. Induction of EAU with retinal antigen in mice in which S100B had been deleted resulted in a significantly reduced level of disease compared to wild-type mice, as determined by topical endoscopic fundus imaging and histology grading. Macrophage infiltration was also significantly reduced in S100B deleted mice. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that this was associated with reduction in CCL22 and IL-1β in retinas from S100B knock-out mice. In conclusion S100B augments the inflammatory response in uveoretinitis and this is likely to be, at least in part, via a direct effect on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Niven
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Hoare
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie McGowan
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gayathri Devarajan
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Monique Gannagé
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Teismann
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Crane
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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van Nieuwenhuijze AEM, van de Loo FA, Walgreen B, Bennink M, Helsen M, van den Bersselaar L, Wicks IP, van den Berg WB, Koenders MI. Complementary action of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-17A induces interleukin-23, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, and matrix metalloproteinases and drives bone and cartilage pathology in experimental arthritis: rationale for combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:163. [PMID: 26081345 PMCID: PMC4496892 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 17 T helper cells and interleukin (IL)-17 play important roles in the pathogenesis of human and murine arthritis. Although there is a clear link between IL-17 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the inflammatory cascade, details about their interaction in arthritic synovial joints are unclear. In view of the introduction of GM-CSF and IL-17 inhibitors to the clinic, we studied how IL-17 and GM-CSF orchestrate the local production of inflammatory mediators during experimental arthritis. Methods To allow detection of additive, complementary or synergistic effects of IL-17 and GM-CSF, we used two opposing experimental approaches: treatment of arthritic mice with neutralising antibodies to IL-17 and GM-CSF and local overexpression of these cytokines in naive synovial joints. Mice were treated for 2 weeks with antibodies against IL-17 and/or GM-CSF after onset of collagen-induced arthritis. Naive mice were injected intraarticularly with adenoviral vectors for IL-17 and/or GM-CSF, resulting in local overexpression. Joint inflammation was monitored by macroscopic scoring, X-rays and histology. Joint washouts, synovial cell and lymph node cultures were analysed for cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators by Luminex analysis, flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Combined therapeutic anti-IL-17 and anti-GM-CSF ameliorated arthritis progression, and joint damage was dramatically reduced compared with treatment with anti-IL-17 or anti-GM-CSF alone. Anti-IL-17 specifically reduced synovial IL-23 transcription, whereas anti-GM-CSF reduced transcription of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Overexpression of IL-17 or GM-CSF in naive knee joints elicited extensive inflammatory infiltrate, cartilage damage and bone destruction. Combined overexpression revealed additive and synergistic effects on the production of MMPs, RANKL and IL-23 in the synovium and led to complete destruction of the joint structure within 7 days. Conclusions IL-17 and GM-CSF differentially mediate the inflammatory process in arthritic joints and show complementary and local additive effects. Combined blockade in arthritic mice reduced joint damage not only by direct inhibition of IL-17 and GM-CSF but also by indirect inhibition of IL-23 and RANKL. Our results provide a rationale for combination therapy in autoinflammatory conditions, especially for patients who do not fully respond to inhibition of the separate cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie E M van Nieuwenhuijze
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Reid Rheumatology Laboratory, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, Melbourne, Australia. .,Autoimmune Genetics Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Fons A van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Birgitte Walgreen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Miranda Bennink
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique Helsen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Liduine van den Bersselaar
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ian P Wicks
- Reid Rheumatology Laboratory, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Wim B van den Berg
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marije I Koenders
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Altered activation of innate immunity associates with white matter volume and diffusion in first-episode psychosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125112. [PMID: 25970596 PMCID: PMC4430522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
First-episode psychosis (FEP) is associated with inflammatory and brain structural changes, but few studies have investigated whether systemic inflammation associates with brain structural changes in FEP. Thirty-seven FEP patients (median 27 days on antipsychotic medication), and 19 matched controls were recruited. Serum levels of 38 chemokines and cytokines, and cardiovascular risk markers were measured at baseline and 2 months later. We collected T1- and diffusion-weighted MRIs with a 3 T scanner from the patients at baseline. We analyzed the association of psychosis-related inflammatory markers with gray and white matter (WM) volume using voxel-based morphometry and WM diffusion using tract-based spatial statistics with whole-brain and region-of-interest (ROI) analyses. FEP patients had higher CCL22 and lower TGFα, CXCL1, CCL7, IFN-α2 and ApoA-I than controls. CCL22 decreased significantly between baseline and 2 months in patients but was still higher than in controls. The association between inflammatory markers and FEP remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, smoking and BMI. We did not observe a correlation of inflammatory markers with any symptoms or duration of antipsychotic treatment. Baseline CCL22 levels correlated negatively with WM volume and positively with mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity bilaterally in the frontal lobes in ROI analyses. Decreased serum level of ApoA-I was associated with smaller volume of the medial temporal WM. In whole-brain analyses, CCL22 correlated positively with mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity, and CXCL1 associated negatively with fractional anisotropy and positively with mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity in several brain regions. This is the first report to demonstrate an association between circulating chemokine levels and WM in FEP patients. Interestingly, CCL22 has been previously implicated in autoimmune diseases associated with WM pathology. The results suggest that an altered activation of innate immunity may contribute to WM damage in psychotic disorders.
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Kemter AM, Scheu S, Hüser N, Ruland C, Schumak B, Findeiß M, Cheng Z, Assfalg V, Arolt V, Zimmer A, Alferink J. The cannabinoid receptor 2 is involved in acute rejection of cardiac allografts. Life Sci 2015; 138:29-34. [PMID: 25744392 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute rejection of cardiac allografts is a major risk factor limiting survival of heart transplant recipients. Rejection is triggered by dendritic cell (DC) mediated activation of host T cells, amongst others CD4(+) T helper (TH)1- and TH17 cells. The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) is an important modulator of cellular immune responses. However, its role in cardiac allograft rejection has not been studied so far. MAIN METHODS Here, we examined the effect of CB2 on cytokine release by mature DCs and its impact on CD4(+) T cell differentiation by utilizing in vitro generated bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) and CD4(+) T cells from CB2 knockout (Cnr2(-/-)) mice. We further assessed the functional role of CB2 in acute allograft rejection using Cnr2(-/-) mice in a fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched mouse cardiac transplantation model. KEY FINDINGS Cardiac allograft rejection was accelerated in Cnr2(-/-) mice compared to wild type recipients. In vitro stimulation of BM-DCs showed enhanced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the immunomodulatory cytokine TGF-β. Furthermore, secretion of the TH1/TH17 promoting cytokines IL-12 and IL-23 was increased in Cnr2(-/-) BM-DCs. In addition, Cnr2(-/-) CD4(+) T cells showed an enhanced capacity to differentiate into interferon (IFN)-γ- or IL-17-producing effector cells. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that CB2 modulates in vitro cytokine responses via DCs and directly via its influence on TH1/TH17 differentiation. These findings and the fact that allograft rejection is enhanced in Cnr2(-/-) mice suggest that CB2 may be a promising therapeutic target in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Kemter
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Ruland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Beatrix Schumak
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Findeiß
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zhangjun Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Volker Assfalg
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, University of Münster, Münster , Germany.
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50
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Yan HX, Li WW, Zhang Y, Wei XW, Fu LX, Shen GB, Yin T, Li XY, Shi HS, Wan Y, Zhang QY, Li J, Yang SY, Wei YQ. Accumulation of FLT3+ CD11c+ dendritic cells in psoriatic lesions and the anti-psoriatic effect of a selective FLT3 inhibitor. Immunol Res 2014; 60:112-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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