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Buckley M, Jacob WP, Bortey L, McClain M, Ritter AL, Godfrey A, Munneke AS, Ramachandran S, Kenis S, Kolnik JC, Olofsson S, Adkins R, Kutoloski T, Rademacher L, Heinecke O, Alva A, Beets I, Francis MM, Kowalski JR. Cell non-autonomous signaling through the conserved C. elegans glycopeptide hormone receptor FSHR-1 regulates cholinergic neurotransmission. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.10.578699. [PMID: 38405708 PMCID: PMC10888917 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.10.578699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Modulation of neurotransmission is key for organismal responses to varying physiological contexts such as during infection, injury, or other stresses, as well as in learning and memory and for sensory adaptation. Roles for cell autonomous neuromodulatory mechanisms in these processes have been well described. The importance of cell non-autonomous pathways for inter-tissue signaling, such as gut-to-brain or glia-to-neuron, has emerged more recently, but the cellular mechanisms mediating such regulation remain comparatively unexplored. Glycoproteins and their G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are well-established orchestrators of multi-tissue signaling events that govern diverse physiological processes through both cell-autonomous and cell non-autonomous regulation. Here, we show that follicle stimulating hormone receptor, FSHR-1, the sole Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of mammalian glycoprotein hormone GPCRs, is important for cell non-autonomous modulation of synaptic transmission. Inhibition of fshr-1 expression reduces muscle contraction and leads to synaptic vesicle accumulation in cholinergic motor neurons. The neuromuscular and locomotor defects in fshr-1 loss-of-function mutants are associated with an underlying accumulation of synaptic vesicles, build-up of the synaptic vesicle priming factor UNC-10/RIM, and decreased synaptic vesicle release from cholinergic motor neurons. Restoration of FSHR-1 to the intestine is sufficient to restore neuromuscular activity and synaptic vesicle localization to fshr-1- deficient animals. Intestine-specific knockdown of FSHR-1 reduces neuromuscular function, indicating FSHR-1 is both necessary and sufficient in the intestine for its neuromuscular effects. Re-expression of FSHR-1 in other sites of endogenous expression, including glial cells and neurons, also restored some neuromuscular deficits, indicating potential cross-tissue regulation from these tissues as well. Genetic interaction studies provide evidence that downstream effectors gsa-1 / Gα S , acy-1 /adenylyl cyclase and sphk-1/ sphingosine kinase and glycoprotein hormone subunit orthologs, GPLA-1/GPA2 and GPLB-1/GPB5, are important for FSHR-1 modulation of the NMJ. Together, our results demonstrate that FSHR-1 modulation directs inter-tissue signaling systems, which promote synaptic vesicle release at neuromuscular synapses.
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2
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Sánchez-Martín P, Kriegenburg F, Alves L, Adam J, Elsaesser J, Babic R, Mancilla H, Licheva M, Tascher G, Münch C, Eimer S, Kraft C. ULK1-mediated phosphorylation regulates the conserved role of YKT6 in autophagy. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260546. [PMID: 36644903 PMCID: PMC10022743 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process during which cytosolic material is enwrapped in a newly formed double-membrane structure called the autophagosome, and subsequently targeted for degradation in the lytic compartment of the cell. The fusion of autophagosomes with the lytic compartment is a tightly regulated step and involves membrane-bound SNARE proteins. These play a crucial role as they promote lipid mixing and fusion of the opposing membranes. Among the SNARE proteins implicated in autophagy, the essential SNARE protein YKT6 is the only SNARE protein that is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. Here, we show that alterations in YKT6 function, in both mammalian cells and nematodes, produce early and late autophagy defects that result in reduced survival. Moreover, mammalian autophagosomal YKT6 is phospho-regulated by the ULK1 kinase, preventing premature bundling with the lysosomal SNARE proteins and thereby inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Together, our findings reveal that timely regulation of the YKT6 phosphorylation status is crucial throughout autophagy progression and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sánchez-Martín
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Kriegenburg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludovico Alves
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julius Adam
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jana Elsaesser
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Babic
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hector Mancilla
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mariya Licheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Eimer
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudine Kraft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Nik Akhtar S, Bunner WP, Brennan E, Lu Q, Szatmari EM. Crosstalk between the Rho and Rab family of small GTPases in neurodegenerative disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1084769. [PMID: 36779014 PMCID: PMC9911442 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1084769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is associated with defects in cytoskeletal dynamics and dysfunctions of the vesicular trafficking and sorting systems. In the last few decades, studies have demonstrated that the key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics are proteins from the Rho family GTPases, meanwhile, the central hub for vesicle sorting and transport between target membranes is the Rab family of GTPases. In this regard, the role of Rho and Rab GTPases in the induction and maintenance of distinct functional and morphological neuronal domains (such as dendrites and axons) has been extensively studied. Several members belonging to these two families of proteins have been associated with many neurodegenerative disorders ranging from dementia to motor neuron degeneration. In this analysis, we attempt to present a brief review of the potential crosstalk between the Rab and Rho family members in neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Nik Akhtar
- The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Wyatt P. Bunner
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth Brennan
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Qun Lu
- The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Erzsebet M. Szatmari Qun Lu
| | - Erzsebet M. Szatmari
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Erzsebet M. Szatmari Qun Lu
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4
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Meraş İ, Chotard L, Liontis T, Ratemi Z, Wiles B, Seo JH, Van Raamsdonk JM, Rocheleau CE. The Rab GTPase activating protein TBC-2 regulates endosomal localization of DAF-16 FOXO and lifespan. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010328. [PMID: 35913999 PMCID: PMC9371356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXO transcription factors have been shown to regulate longevity in model organisms and are associated with longevity in humans. To gain insight into how FOXO functions to increase lifespan, we examined the subcellular localization of DAF-16 in C. elegans. We show that DAF-16 is localized to endosomes and that this endosomal localization is increased by the insulin-IGF signaling (IIS) pathway. Endosomal localization of DAF-16 is modulated by endosomal trafficking proteins. Disruption of the Rab GTPase activating protein TBC-2 increases endosomal localization of DAF-16, while inhibition of TBC-2 targets, RAB-5 or RAB-7 GTPases, decreases endosomal localization of DAF-16. Importantly, the amount of DAF-16 that is localized to endosomes has functional consequences as increasing endosomal localization through mutations in tbc-2 reduced the lifespan of long-lived daf-2 IGFR mutants, depleted their fat stores, and DAF-16 target gene expression. Overall, this work identifies endosomal localization as a mechanism regulating DAF-16 FOXO, which is important for its functions in metabolism and aging. FOXO transcription factors have been shown to modulate lifespan in multiple model organisms and to be associated with longevity in humans. Here we describe a new localization of the C. elegans FOXO transcription factor, called DAF-16. We report that DAF-16 localizes to endosomes, membrane compartments internalized from the plasma membrane at the cell surface. We demonstrate that expansion of these endosome compartments by disruption of an endosomal regulator called TBC-2 results in increased localization of DAF-16 on endosomes at the expense of nuclear localization in the intestinal cells. This results in altered expression of DAF-16 target genes, reduced fat storage and decreased lifespan. These results demonstrate the importance of endosomal trafficking for proper localization of DAF-16 and suggest that the endosome is an important site of FOXO regulation. An intriguing possibility based on our results is that storage of FOXO on endosomes facilitates the mobilization of FOXO as a rapid response to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- İçten Meraş
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laëtitia Chotard
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thomas Liontis
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zakaria Ratemi
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Benjamin Wiles
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jung Hwa Seo
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jeremy M. Van Raamsdonk
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christian E. Rocheleau
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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5
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Xu H, Chang F, Jain S, Heller BA, Han X, Liu Y, Edwards RH. SNX5 targets a monoamine transporter to the TGN for assembly into dense core vesicles by AP-3. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202106083. [PMID: 35426896 PMCID: PMC9016777 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202106083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The time course of signaling by peptide hormones, neural peptides, and other neuromodulators depends on their storage inside dense core vesicles (DCVs). Adaptor protein 3 (AP-3) assembles the membrane proteins that confer regulated release of DCVs and is thought to promote their trafficking from endosomes directly to maturing DCVs. We now find that regulated monoamine release from DCVs requires sorting nexin 5 (SNX5). Loss of SNX5 disrupts trafficking of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) to DCVs. The mechanism involves a role for SNX5 in retrograde transport of VMAT from endosomes to the TGN. However, this role for SNX5 conflicts with the proposed function of AP-3 in trafficking from endosomes directly to DCVs. We now identify a transient role for AP-3 at the TGN, where it associates with DCV cargo. Thus, retrograde transport from endosomes by SNX5 enables DCV assembly at the TGN by AP-3, resolving the apparent antagonism. A novel role for AP-3 at the TGN has implications for other organelles that also depend on this adaptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Xu
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shweta Jain
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bradley Austin Heller
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Xu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robert H. Edwards
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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6
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Ivanova D, Cousin MA. Synaptic Vesicle Recycling and the Endolysosomal System: A Reappraisal of Form and Function. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:826098. [PMID: 35280702 PMCID: PMC8916035 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.826098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endolysosomal system is present in all cell types. Within these cells, it performs a series of essential roles, such as trafficking and sorting of membrane cargo, intracellular signaling, control of metabolism and degradation. A specific compartment within central neurons, called the presynapse, mediates inter-neuronal communication via the fusion of neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles (SVs). The localized recycling of SVs and their organization into functional pools is widely assumed to be a discrete mechanism, that only intersects with the endolysosomal system at specific points. However, evidence is emerging that molecules essential for endolysosomal function also have key roles within the SV life cycle, suggesting that they form a continuum rather than being isolated processes. In this review, we summarize the evidence for key endolysosomal molecules in SV recycling and propose an alternative model for membrane trafficking at the presynapse. This includes the hypotheses that endolysosomal intermediates represent specific functional SV pools, that sorting of cargo to SVs is mediated via the endolysosomal system and that manipulation of this process can result in both plastic changes to neurotransmitter release and pathophysiology via neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ivanova
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Daniela Ivanova,
| | - Michael A. Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Michael A. Cousin,
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7
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Neuman SD, Lee AR, Selegue JE, Cavanagh AT, Bashirullah A. A novel function for Rab1 and Rab11 during secretory granule maturation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs259037. [PMID: 34342349 PMCID: PMC8353522 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated exocytosis is an essential process whereby specific cargo proteins are secreted in a stimulus-dependent manner. Cargo-containing secretory granules are synthesized in the trans-Golgi network (TGN); after budding from the TGN, granules undergo modifications, including an increase in size. These changes occur during a poorly understood process called secretory granule maturation. Here, we leverage the Drosophila larval salivary glands as a model to characterize a novel role for Rab GTPases during granule maturation. We find that secretory granules increase in size ∼300-fold between biogenesis and release, and loss of Rab1 or Rab11 reduces granule size. Surprisingly, we find that Rab1 and Rab11 localize to secretory granule membranes. Rab11 associates with granule membranes throughout maturation, and Rab11 recruits Rab1. In turn, Rab1 associates specifically with immature granules and drives granule growth. In addition to roles in granule growth, both Rab1 and Rab11 appear to have additional functions during exocytosis; Rab11 function is necessary for exocytosis, while the presence of Rab1 on immature granules may prevent precocious exocytosis. Overall, these results highlight a new role for Rab GTPases in secretory granule maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arash Bashirullah
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA
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8
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Zhang W, Wang S, Yang C, Hu C, Chen D, Luo Q, He Z, Liao Y, Yao Y, Chen J, He J, Hu J, Xia T, Lin L, Shi A. LET-502/ROCK Regulates Endocytic Recycling by Promoting Activation of RAB-5 in a Distinct Subpopulation of Sorting Endosomes. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108173. [PMID: 32966783 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of Rab5/RAB-5 activation during endocytic recycling, we perform a genome-wide RNAi screen and identify a recycling regulator, LET-502/ROCK. LET-502 preferentially interacts with RAB-5(GDP) and activates RABX-5 GEF activity toward RAB-5, presumably by disrupting the self-inhibiting conformation of RABX-5. Furthermore, we find that the concomitant loss of LET-502 and another CED-10 effector, TBC-2/RAB-5-GAP, results in an endosomal buildup of RAB-5, indicating that CED-10 directs TBC-2-mediated RAB-5 inactivation and re-activates RAB-5 via LET-502 afterward. Then, we compare the functional position of LET-502 with that of RME-6/RAB-5-GEF. Loss of LET-502-RABX-5 module or RME-6 leads to diminished RAB-5 presence in spatially distinct endosome groups. We conclude that in the intestine of C. elegans, RAB-5 resides in discrete endosome subpopulations. Under the oversight of CED-10, LET-502 synergizes with RABX-5 to revitalize RAB-5 on a subset of endosomes in the deep cytosol, ensuring the progress of basolateral recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China; Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Yuhan Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China
| | - Junbo Hu
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
| | - Long Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China.
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China.
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9
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Ma CIJ, Burgess J, Brill JA. Maturing secretory granules: Where secretory and endocytic pathways converge. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 80:100807. [PMID: 33866198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Secretory granules (SGs) are specialized organelles responsible for the storage and regulated release of various biologically active molecules from the endocrine and exocrine systems. Thus, proper SG biogenesis is critical to normal animal physiology. Biogenesis of SGs starts at the trans-Golgi network (TGN), where immature SGs (iSGs) bud off and undergo maturation before fusing with the plasma membrane (PM). How iSGs mature is unclear, but emerging studies have suggested an important role for the endocytic pathway. The requirement for endocytic machinery in SG maturation blurs the line between SGs and another class of secretory organelles called lysosome-related organelles (LROs). Therefore, it is important to re-evaluate the differences and similarities between SGs and LROs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-I Jonathan Ma
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL Building, Room 15.9716, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 2374, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jason Burgess
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL Building, Room 15.9716, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 4396, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Julie A Brill
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL Building, Room 15.9716, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 2374, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 4396, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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10
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Burns CH, Yau B, Rodriguez A, Triplett J, Maslar D, An YS, van der Welle REN, Kossina RG, Fisher MR, Strout GW, Bayguinov PO, Veenendaal T, Chitayat D, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Klumperman J, Kebede MA, Asensio CS. Pancreatic β-Cell-Specific Deletion of VPS41 Causes Diabetes Due to Defects in Insulin Secretion. Diabetes 2021; 70:436-448. [PMID: 33168621 PMCID: PMC7881869 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin secretory granules (SGs) mediate the regulated secretion of insulin, which is essential for glucose homeostasis. The basic machinery responsible for this regulated exocytosis consists of specific proteins present both at the plasma membrane and on insulin SGs. The protein composition of insulin SGs thus dictates their release properties, yet the mechanisms controlling insulin SG formation, which determine this molecular composition, remain poorly understood. VPS41, a component of the endolysosomal tethering homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex, was recently identified as a cytosolic factor involved in the formation of neuroendocrine and neuronal granules. We now find that VPS41 is required for insulin SG biogenesis and regulated insulin secretion. Loss of VPS41 in pancreatic β-cells leads to a reduction in insulin SG number, changes in their transmembrane protein composition, and defects in granule-regulated exocytosis. Exploring a human point mutation, identified in patients with neurological but no endocrine defects, we show that the effect on SG formation is independent of HOPS complex formation. Finally, we report that mice with a deletion of VPS41 specifically in β-cells develop diabetes due to severe depletion of insulin SG content and a defect in insulin secretion. In sum, our data demonstrate that VPS41 contributes to glucose homeostasis and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belinda Yau
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jenna Triplett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO
| | - Drew Maslar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO
| | - You Sun An
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reini E N van der Welle
- Section of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ross G Kossina
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Max R Fisher
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Gregory W Strout
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Peter O Bayguinov
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tineke Veenendaal
- Section of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David Chitayat
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Section of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Melkam A Kebede
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cedric S Asensio
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO
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11
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Chen D, Xu W, Wang Y, Ye Y, Wang Y, Yu M, Gao J, Wei J, Dong Y, Zhang H, Fu X, Ma K, Wang H, Yang Z, Zhou J, Cheng W, Wang S, Chen J, Grant BD, Myers CL, Shi A, Xia T. Revealing Functional Crosstalk between Distinct Bioprocesses through Reciprocal Functional Tests of Genetically Interacting Genes. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2646-2658.e5. [PMID: 31775035 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To systematically explore the genes mediating functional crosstalk between metazoan biological processes, we apply comparative genetic interaction (GI) mapping in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans to generate an inter-bioprocess network consisting of 178 C. elegans GIs. The GI network spans six annotated biological processes including aging, intracellular transport, microtubule-based processes, cytokinesis, lipid metabolic processes, and anatomical structure development. By proposing a strategy called "reciprocal functional test" for interacting gene pairs, we discover a group of genes that mediate crosstalk between distinct biological processes. In particular, we identify the ribosomal S6 Kinase/RSKS-1, previously characterized as an mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) effector, as a regulator of DAF-2 endosomal recycling transport, which traces a functional correlation between endocytic recycling and aging processes. Together, our results provide an alternative and effective strategy for identifying genes and pathways that mediate crosstalk between bioprocesses with little prior knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yongshen Ye
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinghu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jielin Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yiming Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhenrong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenqing Cheng
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Barth D Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 200 Union St., Minneapolis MN 55455, USA
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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12
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Ma CIJ, Yang Y, Kim T, Chen CH, Polevoy G, Vissa M, Burgess J, Brill JA. An early endosome-derived retrograde trafficking pathway promotes secretory granule maturation. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133712. [PMID: 32045479 PMCID: PMC7055004 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated secretion is a fundamental cellular process in which biologically active molecules stored in long-lasting secretory granules (SGs) are secreted in response to external stimuli. Many studies have described mechanisms responsible for biogenesis and secretion of SGs, but how SGs mature remains poorly understood. In a genetic screen, we discovered a large number of endolysosomal trafficking genes required for proper SG maturation, indicating that maturation of SGs might occur in a manner similar to lysosome-related organelles (LROs). CD63, a tetraspanin known to decorate LROs, also decorates SG membranes and facilitates SG maturation. Moreover, CD63-mediated SG maturation requires type II phosphatidylinositol 4 kinase (PI4KII)-dependent early endosomal sorting and accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) on SG membranes. In addition, the PI4P effector Past1 is needed for formation of stable PI4KII-containing endosomal tubules associated with this process. Our results reveal that maturation of post-Golgi-derived SGs requires trafficking via the endosomal system, similar to mechanisms employed by LROs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-I J Ma
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yitong Yang
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taeah Kim
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Human Biology Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chang Hua Chen
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Human Biology Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gordon Polevoy
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miluska Vissa
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Burgess
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie A Brill
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Öztürk Z, O’Kane CJ, Pérez-Moreno JJ. Axonal Endoplasmic Reticulum Dynamics and Its Roles in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:48. [PMID: 32116502 PMCID: PMC7025499 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical continuity of axons over long cellular distances poses challenges for their maintenance. One organelle that faces this challenge is endoplasmic reticulum (ER); unlike other intracellular organelles, this forms a physically continuous network throughout the cell, with a single membrane and a single lumen. In axons, ER is mainly smooth, forming a tubular network with occasional sheets or cisternae and low amounts of rough ER. It has many potential roles: lipid biosynthesis, glucose homeostasis, a Ca2+ store, protein export, and contacting and regulating other organelles. This tubular network structure is determined by ER-shaping proteins, mutations in some of which are causative for neurodegenerative disorders such as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). While axonal ER shares many features with the tubular ER network in other contexts, these features must be adapted to the long and narrow dimensions of axons. ER appears to be physically continuous throughout axons, over distances that are enormous on a subcellular scale. It is therefore a potential channel for long-distance or regional communication within neurons, independent of action potentials or physical transport of cargos, but involving its physiological roles such as Ca2+ or organelle homeostasis. Despite its apparent stability, axonal ER is highly dynamic, showing features like anterograde and retrograde transport, potentially reflecting continuous fusion and breakage of the network. Here we discuss the transport processes that must contribute to this dynamic behavior of ER. We also discuss the model that these processes underpin a homeostatic process that ensures both enough ER to maintain continuity of the network and repair breaks in it, but not too much ER that might disrupt local cellular physiology. Finally, we discuss how failure of ER organization in axons could lead to axon degenerative diseases, and how a requirement for ER continuity could make distal axons most susceptible to degeneration in conditions that disrupt ER continuity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cahir J. O’Kane
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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14
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Hummer BH, Maslar D, Soltero-Gutierrez M, de Leeuw NF, Asensio CS. Differential sorting behavior for soluble and transmembrane cargoes at the trans-Golgi network in endocrine cells. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 31:157-166. [PMID: 31825717 PMCID: PMC7001476 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-10-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated secretion of neuropeptides and peptide hormones by secretory granules (SGs) is central to physiology. Formation of SGs occurs at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) where their soluble cargo aggregates to form a dense core, but the mechanisms controlling the sorting of regulated secretory cargoes (soluble and transmembrane) away from constitutively secreted proteins remain unclear. Optimizing the use of the retention using selective hooks method in (neuro-)endocrine cells, we now quantify TGN budding kinetics of constitutive and regulated secretory cargoes. We further show that, by monitoring two cargoes simultaneously, it becomes possible to visualize sorting to the constitutive and regulated secretory pathways in real time. Further analysis of the localization of SG cargoes immediately after budding from the TGN revealed that, surprisingly, the bulk of two studied transmembrane SG cargoes (phogrin and VMAT2) does not sort directly onto SGs during budding, but rather exit the TGN into nonregulated vesicles to get incorporated to SGs at a later step. This differential behavior of soluble and transmembrane cargoes suggests a more complex model of SG biogenesis than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Noah F de Leeuw
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
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15
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Inositol Hexakisphosphate Kinase-2 in Cerebellar Granule Cells Regulates Purkinje Cells and Motor Coordination via Protein 4.1N. J Neurosci 2018; 38:7409-7419. [PMID: 30006360 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1165-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) regulate various biological processes. Among pyrophosphates generated by IP6Ks, diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (IP7), and bis-diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate have been extensively characterized. IP7 is produced in mammals by a family of inositol hexakisphosphate kinases, IP6K1, IP6K2, and IP6K3, which have distinct biological functions. We report that IP6K2 binds protein 4.1.N with high affinity and specificity. Nuclear translocation of 4.1N, which is required for its principal functions, is dependent on IP6K2. Both of these proteins are highly expressed in granule cells of the cerebellum where their interaction regulates Purkinje cell morphology and cerebellar synapses. The deletion of IP6K2 in male/female mice elicits substantial defects in synaptic influences of granule cells upon Purkinje cells as well as notable impairment of locomotor function. Moreover, the disruption of IP6K2-4.1N interactions impairs cell viability. Thus, IP6K2 and its interaction with 4.1N appear to be major determinants of cerebellar disposition and psychomotor behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Inositol phosphates are produced by a family of inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks)-IP6K1, IP6K2, and IP6K3. Of these, the physiological roles of IP6K2 in the brain have been least characterized. In the present study, we report that IP6K2 binds selectively to the neuronal protein 4.1N. Both of these proteins are highly expressed in granule cells of the cerebellum. Using IP6K2 knock-out (KO) mice, we establish that IP6K2-4.1N interactions in granule cells regulate Purkinje cell morphology, the viability of cerebellar neurons, and psychomotor behavior.
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16
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Chua CEL, Tang BL. Rab 10-a traffic controller in multiple cellular pathways and locations. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6483-6494. [PMID: 29377137 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases are key regulators of eukaryotic membrane traffic, and their functions and activities are limited to particular intracellular transport steps and their membrane localization is by and large restricted. Some Rabs do participate in more than one transport steps, but broadly speaking, there is a clear demarcation between exocytic and endocytic Rabs. One Rab protein, Rab10, however, appears to be anomalous in this regard and has a diverse array of functions and subcellular localizations. Rab10 has been implicated in a myriad of activities ranging from polarized exocytosis and endosomal sorting in polarized cells, insulin-dependent Glut4 transport in adipocytes, axonal growth in neurons, and endo-phagocytic processes in macrophages. It's reported subcellular localizations include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi/TGN, the endosomes/phagosomes and the primary cilia. In this review, we summarize and discuss the multitude of known roles of Rab10 in cellular membrane transport and the molecular players and mechanisms associated with these roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle En Lin Chua
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bor L Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Chronic treatment with fluoride affects the jejunum: insights from proteomics and enteric innervation analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3180. [PMID: 29453425 PMCID: PMC5816638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms are the first signs of fluoride (F) toxicity. In the present study, the jejunum of rats chronically exposed to F was evaluated by proteomics, as well as by morphological analysis. Wistar rats received water containing 0, 10 or 50 mgF/L during 30 days. HuC/D, neuronal Nitric Oxide (nNOS), Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP), and Substance P (SP) were detected in the myenteric plexus of the jejunum by immunofluorescence. The density of nNOS-IR neurons was significantly decreased (compared to both control and 10 mgF/L groups), while the VIP-IR varicosities were significantly increased (compared to control) in the group treated with the highest F concentration. Significant morphological changes were seen observed in the density of HUC/D-IR neurons and in the area of SP-IR varicosities for F-treated groups compared to control. Changes in the abundance of various proteins correlated with relevant biological processes, such as protein synthesis, glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism were revealed by proteomics.
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18
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Li L, Su S, Perry CJ, Elphick MR, Chittka L, Søvik E. Large-scale transcriptome changes in the process of long-term visual memory formation in the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris. Sci Rep 2018; 8:534. [PMID: 29323174 PMCID: PMC5765018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many genes have been implicated in mechanisms of long-term memory formation, but there is still much to be learnt about how the genome dynamically responds, transcriptionally, during memory formation. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to examine how transcriptome profiles change during visual memory formation in the bumblebee (Bombus terrestris). Expression of fifty-five genes changed immediately after bees were trained to associate reward with a single coloured chip, and the upregulated genes were predominantly genes known to be involved in signal transduction. Changes in the expression of eighty-one genes were observed four hours after learning a new colour, and the majority of these were upregulated and related to transcription and translation, which suggests that the building of new proteins may be the predominant activity four hours after training. Several of the genes identified in this study (e.g. Rab10, Shank1 and Arhgap44) are interesting candidates for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of long-term memory formation. Our data demonstrate the dynamic gene expression changes after associative colour learning and identify genes involved in each transcriptional wave, which will be useful for future studies of gene regulation in learning and long-term memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Songkun Su
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Clint J Perry
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Lars Chittka
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Institute for Advanced Study, Wallotstrasse 19, D-14193, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eirik Søvik
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Volda University College, 6100, Volda, Norway
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19
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Law F, Rocheleau CE. Vps34 and the Armus/TBC-2 Rab GAPs: Putting the brakes on the endosomal Rab5 and Rab7 GTPases. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2017; 7:e1403530. [PMID: 29296513 PMCID: PMC5739090 DOI: 10.1080/21592799.2017.1403530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rab5 and Rab7 GTPases are key regulators of endosome maturation and lysosome fusion. They activate the class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) Vps34 to generate pools of phosphatidylinositol-3 phosphate [PI(3)P] on endosomes. Together PI(3)P and the GTP-bound Rabs coordinate the recruitment of endosomal regulators to drive early to late endosome maturation and ultimately lysosome fusion. Counterintuitively, loss of Vps34 results in enlarged endosomes, like those seen from expressing activated Rab GTPases. Two recent papers in the Journal of Cell Science, Jaber et al., 2016 and Law, Seo et al., 2017, demonstrate that a function of Vps34 is to inactive the Rab5 and Rab7 GTPases via recruitment of the TBC1D2 family of Rab GTPase Activating Proteins (GAPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Law
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian E Rocheleau
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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20
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Liu H, Wang S, Hang W, Gao J, Zhang W, Cheng Z, Yang C, He J, Zhou J, Chen J, Shi A. LET-413/Erbin acts as a RAB-5 effector to promote RAB-10 activation during endocytic recycling. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:299-314. [PMID: 29079669 PMCID: PMC5748983 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201705136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RAB-10 is a master regulator of endocytic recycling in polarized epithelial cells. Liu et al. identify LET-413, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of Scrib/Erbin, as a RAB-5 effector that is required for the DENN-4–mediated activation of RAB-10 and the control of membrane expansion in the C. elegans intestine. RAB-10/Rab10 is a master regulator of endocytic recycling in epithelial cells. To better understand the regulation of RAB-10 activity, we sought to identify RAB-10(GDP)–interacting proteins. One novel RAB-10(GDP)–binding partner that we identified, LET-413, is the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of Scrib/Erbin. Here, we focus on the mechanistic role of LET-413 in the regulation of RAB-10 within the C. elegans intestine. We show that LET-413 is a RAB-5 effector and colocalizes with RAB-10 on endosomes, and the overlap of LET-413 with RAB-10 is RAB-5 dependent. Notably, LET-413 enhances the interaction of DENN-4 with RAB-10(GDP) and promotes DENN-4 guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity toward RAB-10. Loss of LET-413 leads to cytosolic dispersion of the RAB-10 effectors TBC-2 and CNT-1. Finally, we demonstrate that the loss of RAB-10 or LET-413 results in abnormal overextensions of lateral membrane. Hence, our studies indicate that LET-413 is required for DENN-4–mediated RAB-10 activation, and the LET-413–assisted RAB-5 to RAB-10 cascade contributes to the integrity of C. elegans intestinal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weijian Hang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinghu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zihang Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China .,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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21
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Hummer BH, de Leeuw NF, Burns C, Chen L, Joens MS, Hosford B, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Asensio CS. HID-1 controls formation of large dense core vesicles by influencing cargo sorting and trans-Golgi network acidification. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3870-3880. [PMID: 29074564 PMCID: PMC5739301 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-08-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral membrane protein HID-1 localizes to the trans-Golgi network, where it contributes to the formation of large dense core vesicles of neuroendocrine cells by influencing cargo sorting and trans-Golgi network acidification. Large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) mediate the regulated release of neuropeptides and peptide hormones. They form at the trans-Golgi network (TGN), where their soluble content aggregates to form a dense core, but the mechanisms controlling biogenesis are still not completely understood. Recent studies have implicated the peripheral membrane protein HID-1 in neuropeptide sorting and insulin secretion. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated HID-1 KO rat neuroendocrine cells, and we show that the absence of HID-1 results in specific defects in peptide hormone and monoamine storage and regulated secretion. Loss of HID-1 causes a reduction in the number of LDCVs and affects their morphology and biochemical properties, due to impaired cargo sorting and dense core formation. HID-1 KO cells also exhibit defects in TGN acidification together with mislocalization of the Golgi-enriched vacuolar H+-ATPase subunit isoform a2. We propose that HID-1 influences early steps in LDCV formation by controlling dense core formation at the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake H Hummer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Noah F de Leeuw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Christian Burns
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Matthew S Joens
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Bethany Hosford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Cedric S Asensio
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
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22
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Rewiring a Rab regulatory network reveals a possible inhibitory role for the vesicle tether, Uso1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8637-E8645. [PMID: 28973856 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708394114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ypt1 and Sec4 are essential Rab GTPases that control the early and late stages of the yeast secretory pathway, respectively. A chimera consisting of Ypt1 with the switch I domain of Sec4, Ypt1-SW1Sec4, is efficiently activated in vitro by the Sec4 exchange factor, Sec2. This should lead to its ectopic activation in vivo and thereby disrupt membrane traffic. Nonetheless early studies found that yeast expressing Ypt1-SW1Sec4 as the sole copy of YPT1 exhibit no growth defect. To resolve this conundrum, we have analyzed yeast expressing various levels of Ypt1-SW1Sec4 We show that even normal expression of Ypt1-SW1Sec4 leads to kinetic transport defects at a late stage of the pathway, with secretory vesicles accumulating near exocytic sites. Higher levels are toxic. Toxicity is suppressed by truncation of Uso1, a vesicle tether required for endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi traffic. The globular head of Uso1 binds to Ypt1 and its coiled-coil tail binds to the Golgi-associated SNARE, Sed5. We propose that when Uso1 is inappropriately recruited to secretory vesicles by Ypt1-SW1Sec4, the extended coiled-coil tail blocks docking to the plasma membrane. This putative inhibitory function could serve to increase the fidelity of vesicle docking.
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23
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Cattin-Ortolá J, Topalidou I, Dosey A, Merz AJ, Ailion M. The dense-core vesicle maturation protein CCCP-1 binds RAB-2 and membranes through its C-terminal domain. Traffic 2017; 18:720-732. [PMID: 28755404 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dense-core vesicles (DCVs) are secretory organelles that store and release modulatory neurotransmitters from neurons and endocrine cells. Recently, the conserved coiled-coil protein CCCP-1 was identified as a component of the DCV biogenesis pathway in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. CCCP-1 binds the small GTPase RAB-2 and colocalizes with it at the trans-Golgi. Here, we report a structure-function analysis of CCCP-1 to identify domains of the protein important for its localization, binding to RAB-2, and function in DCV biogenesis. We find that the CCCP-1 C-terminal domain (CC3) has multiple activities. CC3 is necessary and sufficient for CCCP-1 localization and for binding to RAB-2, and is required for the function of CCCP-1 in DCV biogenesis. In addition, CCCP-1 binds membranes directly through its CC3 domain, indicating that CC3 may comprise a previously uncharacterized lipid-binding motif. We conclude that CCCP-1 is a coiled-coil protein that binds an activated Rab and localizes to the Golgi via its C-terminus, properties similar to members of the golgin family of proteins. CCCP-1 also shares biophysical features with golgins; it has an elongated shape and forms oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irini Topalidou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Annie Dosey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alexey J Merz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Ailion
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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24
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Ohno H, Yoshida M, Sato T, Kato J, Miyazato M, Kojima M, Ida T, Iino Y. Luqin-like RYamide peptides regulate food-evoked responses in C. elegans. eLife 2017; 6:e28877. [PMID: 28847365 PMCID: PMC5576490 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide signaling controls many processes involving coordinated actions of multiple organs, such as hormone-mediated appetite regulation. However, the extent to which the mode of action of peptide signaling is conserved in different animals is largely unknown, because many peptides and receptors remain orphan and many undiscovered peptides still exist. Here, we identify two novel Caenorhabditis elegans neuropeptides, LURY-1-1 and LURY-1-2, as endogenous ligands for the neuropeptide receptor-22 (NPR-22). Both peptides derive from the same precursor that is orthologous to invertebrate luqin/arginine-tyrosine-NH2 (RYamide) proneuropeptides. LURY-1 peptides are secreted from two classes of pharyngeal neurons and control food-related processes: feeding, lifespan, egg-laying, and locomotory behavior. We propose that LURY-1 peptides transmit food signals to NPR-22 expressed in feeding pacemaker neurons and a serotonergic neuron. Our results identified a critical role for luqin-like RYamides in feeding-related processes and suggested that peptide-mediated negative feedback is important for satiety regulation in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayao Ohno
- Department of Biological SciencesGraduate School of Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Morikatsu Yoshida
- Department of BiochemistryNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Molecular GeneticsInstitute of Life Sciences, Kurume UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Johji Kato
- Department of Bioactive PeptidesFrontier Science Research Center, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Mikiya Miyazato
- Department of BiochemistryNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Masayasu Kojima
- Molecular GeneticsInstitute of Life Sciences, Kurume UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takanori Ida
- Department of Bioactive PeptidesFrontier Science Research Center, University of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
- Center for Animal Disease ControlUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Yuichi Iino
- Department of Biological SciencesGraduate School of Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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25
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Abstract
Synaptic connections in the brain are continuously weakened or strengthened in response to changes in neuronal activity. This process, known as synaptic plasticity, is the cellular basis for learning and memory, and is thought to be altered in several neuronal disorders. An important aspect of synaptic plasticity is the tightly controlled trafficking and synaptic targeting of the AMPA-type glutamate receptors, which are the major mediators of fast excitatory transmission in the brain. This review addresses the role of Rab GTPases in AMPA receptor trafficking in neurons under basal conditions and during activity-induced synaptic plasticity, especially during long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). We highlight the importance of the tight spatio-temporal control of Rab activity and suggest that this is critical for proper neuronal functions. We also discuss how abnormal AMPA receptor trafficking and malfunctioning of Rabs can lead to neurologic disorders or memory problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Katalin Schlett
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary.,MTA-ELTE NAP B Neuronal Cell Biology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
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26
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Law F, Seo JH, Wang Z, DeLeon JL, Bolis Y, Brown A, Zong WX, Du G, Rocheleau CE. The VPS34 PI3K negatively regulates RAB-5 during endosome maturation. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2007-2017. [PMID: 28455411 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.194746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The GTPase Rab5 and phosphatidylinositol-3 phosphate [PI(3)P] coordinately regulate endosome trafficking. Rab5 recruits Vps34, the class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), to generate PI(3)P and recruit PI(3)P-binding proteins. Loss of Rab5 and loss of Vps34 have opposite effects on endosome size, suggesting that our understanding of how Rab5 and PI(3)P cooperate is incomplete. Here, we report a novel regulatory loop whereby Caenorhabditis elegans VPS-34 inactivates RAB-5 via recruitment of the TBC-2 Rab GTPase-activating protein. We found that loss of VPS-34 caused a phenotype with large late endosomes, as with loss of TBC-2, and that Rab5 activity (mice have two Rab5 isoforms, Rab5a and Rab5b) is increased in Vps34-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (Vps34 is also known as PIK3C3 in mammals). We found that VPS-34 is required for TBC-2 endosome localization and that the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of TBC-2 bound PI(3)P. Deletion of the PH domain enhanced TBC-2 localization to endosomes in a VPS-34-dependent manner. Thus, PI(3)P binding of the PH domain might be permissive for another PI(3)P-regulated interaction that recruits TBC-2 to endosomes. Therefore, VPS-34 recruits TBC-2 to endosomes to inactivate RAB-5 to ensure the directionality of endosome maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Law
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, and the Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Jung Hwa Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, and the Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer L DeLeon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Yousstina Bolis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, and the Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Ashley Brown
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, and the Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Wei-Xing Zong
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christian E Rocheleau
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, and the Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1
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27
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RAB-10 Regulates Dendritic Branching by Balancing Dendritic Transport. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005695. [PMID: 26633194 PMCID: PMC4669152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of a large dendritic arbor requires robust growth and the precise delivery of membrane and protein cargoes to specific subcellular regions of the developing dendrite. How the microtubule-based vesicular trafficking and sorting systems are regulated to distribute these dendritic development factors throughout the dendrite is not well understood. Here we identify the small GTPase RAB-10 and the exocyst complex as critical regulators of dendrite morphogenesis and patterning in the C. elegans sensory neuron PVD. In rab-10 mutants, PVD dendritic branches are reduced in the posterior region of the cell but are excessive in the distal anterior region of the cell. We also demonstrate that the dendritic branch distribution within PVD depends on the balance between the molecular motors kinesin-1/UNC-116 and dynein, and we propose that RAB-10 regulates dendrite morphology by balancing the activity of these motors to appropriately distribute branching factors, including the transmembrane receptor DMA-1. Building a complex dendritic arbor requires tremendous cellular growth, and how membrane and protein components are transported to support a rapidly growing, polarized dendrite remains unclear. We have identified the small GTPase RAB-10 as a key regulator of this process, providing insight into both dendritic development and the control of trafficking by small GTPases.
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28
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Basolateral Endocytic Recycling Requires RAB-10 and AMPH-1 Mediated Recruitment of RAB-5 GAP TBC-2 to Endosomes. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005514. [PMID: 26393361 PMCID: PMC4578947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RAB-5/Rab5 is a master regulator of the early endosome, required for a myriad of coordinated activities, including the degradation and recycling of internalized cargo. Here we focused on the recycling function of the early endosome and the regulation of RAB-5 by GAP protein TBC-2 in the basolateral C. elegans intestine. We demonstrate that downstream basolateral recycling regulators, GTPase RAB-10/Rab10 and BAR domain protein AMPH-1/Amphiphysin, bind to TBC-2 and help to recruit it to endosomes. In the absence of RAB-10 or AMPH-1 binding to TBC-2, RAB-5 membrane association is abnormally high and recycling cargo is trapped in early endosomes. Furthermore, the loss of TBC-2 or AMPH-1 leads to abnormally high spatial overlap of RAB-5 and RAB-10. Taken together our results indicate that RAB-10 and AMPH-1 mediated down-regulation of RAB-5 is an important step in recycling, required for cargo exit from early endosomes and regulation of early endosome–recycling endosome interactions. When cargo is internalized from the cell surface by endocytosis, it enters a series of intracellular organelles called endosomes. Endosomes sort cargo, such that some cargos are sent to the lysosome for degradation, while others are recycled to the plasma membrane. Small GTPase proteins of the Rabs family are master regulators of endosomes, functioning by acting as molecular switches. As cargo moves through the endosomal system, it must pass from the domain controlled by one Rab-GTPase to the domain controlled by another. Little is known about how transitions along the recycling pathway are controlled. Here we analyze a group of protein interactions that act along the early-to-recycling pathway. Our work shows that RAB-5 deactivation mediated by TBC-2 and its recruiters RAB-10 and AMPH-1 is important for cargo recycling. This work provides mechanistic insight into how Rab proteins controlling different steps of trafficking interact during endocytic recycling.
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29
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Zhang Q, Pan Y, Yan R, Zeng B, Wang H, Zhang X, Li W, Wei H, Liu Z. Commensal bacteria direct selective cargo sorting to promote symbiosis. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:918-26. [PMID: 26237551 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity protects a host from intestinal inflammation and infection and is profoundly influenced by symbiotic bacteria. Here we report that in mice symbiotic bacteria directed selective cargo sorting in Paneth cells to promote symbiosis through Nod2, a cytosolic bacterial sensor, and the multifunctional protein kinase LRRK2, both encoded by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated genes. Commensals recruited Nod2 onto lysozyme-containing dense core vesicles (DCVs), which was required for DCV localization of LRRK2 and a small GTPase, Rab2a. Deficiency of Nod2, LRRK2 or Rab2a or depletion of commensals resulted in lysosomal degradation of lysozyme. Thus, commensal bacteria and host factors orchestrate the lysozyme-sorting process to protect the host from enteric infection, implicating Paneth cell dysfunction in IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Benhua Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- 1] Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [2] CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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30
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Cousin MA. Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis and Endosomal Recycling in Central Nerve Terminals: Discrete Trafficking Routes? Neuroscientist 2014; 21:413-23. [PMID: 25027635 DOI: 10.1177/1073858414542251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle (SV) retrieval from the presynaptic plasma membrane occurs via a variety of different and complementary modes. The dominant retrieval mode during high-intensity stimulation is activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE). ADBE involves the generation of endosomes direct from the plasma membrane which then donate membrane and cargo to form SVs that replenish the reserve SV pool. Recent evidence has suggested that ADBE may involve an additional endosomal processing step to produce a mature, functional SV. This suggests that ADBE may utilize key molecules or indeed whole pathways from classical endocytic recycling routes that are ubiquitous across all cell types. This review will assess the current evidence for a contribution of endocytic recycling to the SV life cycle, with a particular focus on ADBE. In doing so it highlights points where both routes may either converge or exploit existing mechanisms to ensure efficient generation of SVs during high-intensity stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Cousin
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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31
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The small GTPase RAB-11 directs polarized exocytosis of the intracellular pathogen N. parisii for fecal-oral transmission from C. elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:8215-20. [PMID: 24843160 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400696111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen exit is a key stage in the spread and propagation of infectious disease, with the fecal-oral route being a common mode of disease transmission. However, it is poorly understood which molecular pathways provide the major modes for intracellular pathogen exit and fecal-oral transmission in vivo. Here, we use the transparent nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate intestinal cell exit and fecal-oral transmission by the natural intracellular pathogen Nematocida parisii, which is a recently identified species of microsporidia. We show that N. parisii exits from polarized host intestinal cells by co-opting the host vesicle trafficking system and escaping into the lumen. Using a genetic screen, we identified components of the host endocytic recycling pathway that are required for N. parisii spore exit via exocytosis. In particular, we show that the small GTPase RAB-11 localizes to apical spores, is required for spore-containing compartments to fuse with the apical plasma membrane, and is required for spore exit. In addition, we find that RAB-11-deficient animals exhibit impaired contagiousness, supporting an in vivo role for this host trafficking factor in microsporidia disease transmission. Altogether, these findings provide an in vivo example of the major mode of exit used by a natural pathogen for disease spread via fecal-oral transmission.
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32
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Abstract
The counterbalancing action of the endocytosis and secretory pathways maintains a dynamic equilibrium that regulates the composition of the plasma membrane, allowing it to maintain homeostasis and to change rapidly in response to alterations in the extracellular environment and/or intracellular metabolism. These pathways are intimately integrated with intercellular signaling systems and play critical roles in all cells. Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans have revealed diverse roles of membrane trafficking in physiology and development and have also provided molecular insight into the fundamental mechanisms that direct cargo sorting, vesicle budding, and membrane fisson and fusion. In this review, we summarize progress in understanding membrane trafficking mechanisms derived from work in C. elegans, focusing mainly on work done in non-neuronal cell-types, especially the germline, early embryo, coelomocytes, and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan. ;
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33
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D'Adamo P, Masetti M, Bianchi V, Morè L, Mignogna ML, Giannandrea M, Gatti S. RAB GTPases and RAB-interacting proteins and their role in the control of cognitive functions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 2:302-14. [PMID: 24412241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A RAS-related class of small monomeric G proteins, the RAB GTPases, is emerging as of key biological importance in compartment specific directional control of vesicles formation, transport and fusion. Thanks to human genetic observation and to the consequent dedicated biochemical work, substantial progress has been made on the understanding of the role played by RAB GTPases and their effector proteins on neuronal development and the shaping of cognitive functions. This review is highlighting these initial elements to broaden the current scope of research on developmental cognitive deficits and take the point of view of RAB GTPases control on membrane transport in neurons and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia D'Adamo
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Michela Masetti
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Bianchi
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Morè
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lidia Mignogna
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maila Giannandrea
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA Neuroscience Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel CH4070, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Gatti
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA Neuroscience Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel CH4070, Switzerland
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34
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Abstract
Amphisomes are intermediate organelles, formed during autophagy through the fusion between autophagosomes and endosomes. Complex multivesicular vacuoles that resemble amphisomes have been observed in various cell types, but whether they have cellular roles other than being a precursor structure is still enigmatic. While autophagy-related (ATG) proteins interact with the endocytic pathways in other processes different from autophagy, Patel and colleagues now report that these factors come together to generate amphisome-like compartments that regulate mucin secretion in goblet cells.
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Goyal U, Blackstone C. Untangling the web: mechanisms underlying ER network formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1833:2492-8. [PMID: 23602970 PMCID: PMC3729797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ER is a continuous membrane system consisting of the nuclear envelope, flat sheets often studded with ribosomes, and a polygonal network of highly-curved tubules extending throughout the cell. Although protein and lipid biosynthesis, protein modification, vesicular transport, Ca(2+)dynamics, and protein quality control have been investigated in great detail, mechanisms that generate the distinctive architecture of the ER have been uncovered only recently. Several protein families including the reticulons and REEPs/DP1/Yop1p harbor hydrophobic hairpin domains that shape high-curvature ER tubules and mediate intramembrane protein interactions. Members of the atlastin/RHD3/Sey1p family of dynamin-related GTPases interact with the ER-shaping proteins and mediate the formation of three-way junctions responsible for the polygonal structure of the tubular ER network, with Lunapark proteins acting antagonistically. Additional classes of tubular ER proteins including some REEPs and the M1 spastin ATPase interact with the microtubule cytoskeleton. Flat ER sheets possess a different complement of proteins such as p180, CLIMP-63 and kinectin implicated in shaping, cisternal stacking and cytoskeletal interactions. The ER is also in constant motion, and numerous signaling pathways as well as interactions among cytoskeletal elements, the plasma membrane, and organelles cooperate to position and shape the ER dynamically. Finally, many proteins involved in shaping the ER network are mutated in the most common forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia, indicating a particular importance for proper ER morphology and distribution in large, highly-polarized cells such as neurons. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Functional and structural diversity of endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Goyal
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a heterogeneous organelle with distinct morphologies of sheets and an interconnected network of tubules sharing a common lumen. An ER domain marked by the Rab10 GTPase and several lipid-synthesizing enzymes is implicated in dynamic ER tubule formation and fusion events in cells.
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