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Gholipour A, Zahedmehr A, Arabian M, Shakerian F, Maleki M, Oveisee M, Malakootian M. MiR-6721-5p as a natural regulator of Meta-VCL is upregulated in the serum of patients with coronary artery disease. Noncoding RNA Res 2025; 10:25-34. [PMID: 39296643 PMCID: PMC11406674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of mortality globally, arises from atherosclerotic blockage of the coronary arteries. Meta-vinculin (meta-VCL), a large spliced isoform of VCL, co-localizes in muscular adhesive structures and plays significant roles in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. This study aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) regulating meta-VCL expression and investigate the expression alterations of the miRNAs of interest and meta-VCL as potential biomarkers in the serum of CAD patients. Methods Bioinformatics tools were employed to select miRNAs targeting meta-VCL. Cell-based ectopic expression analysis and a dual-luciferase assay were used to examine the interactions between miRNAs and meta-VCL. An ELISA assessed the concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). MiRNA and meta-VCL expression patterns and biomarker suitability were evaluated in serum samples from CAD and non-CAD individuals using real-time PCR. A cardiac cell-line data set and CAD blood exosome samples were analyzed using bioinformatics and ROC curve analyses, respectively. Results miR-6721-5p directly interacted with the putative target sites at the 3'-UTR of meta-VCL and regulated its expression. IL-10 and TNF-α concentrations, which may act as anti-inflammatory factors, decreased following miR-6721-5p upregulation and meta-VCL downregulation. Bioinformatics and experimental expression analyses confirmed downregulated meta-VCL expression and upregulated miR-6721-5p expression in CAD samples. ROC curve analysis yielded an AUC score of 0.705 (P = 0.018), indicating the potential suitability of miR-6721-5p as a biomarker for CAD. Conclusions miR-6721-5p plays a regulatory role in meta-VCL expression and may contribute to CAD development by reducing anti-inflammatory factors. These findings suggest that miR-6721-5p could serve as a novel biomarker in the pathogenesis of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Gholipour
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zahedmehr
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Arabian
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Shakerian
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahshid Malakootian
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Song R, Zhang L. MicroRNAs and therapeutic potentials in acute and chronic cardiac disease. Drug Discov Today 2024:104179. [PMID: 39276921 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs implicated in various cardiac disorders. In this review, the role of miRNAs is discussed in relation to acute myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure. In both settings, miRNAs are altered, contributing to injury and adverse remodeling. Notably, miRNA profiles differ between acute ischemic injury and progressive heart failure. Owing to miRNA variabilities between disease stages and delivery difficulties, translation of animal studies to the clinic remains challenging. The identification of distinct miRNA signatures could lead to the development of miRNA therapies tailored to different disease stages. Here, we summarize the current understanding of miRNAs in acute and chronic cardiac diseases, identify knowledge gaps and discuss progress in developing miRNA-based treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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3
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Mun D, Kang JY, Kim H, Yun N, Joung B. Small extracellular vesicle-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 RNP delivery for cardiac-specific genome editing. J Control Release 2024; 370:798-810. [PMID: 38754633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing holds immense potential for genetic manipulation, its clinical application is hindered by the absence of an efficient heart-targeted drug delivery system. Herein, we developed CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-loaded extracellular vesicles (EVs) conjugated with cardiac-targeting peptide (T) for precise cardiac-specific genome editing. RNP complexes containing Cas9 and single guide RNA targeting miR-34a, an MI-associated molecular target, were loaded into EVs (EV@RNP). Gene editing by EV@RNP attenuated hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via miR-34a inhibition, evidenced by increased B-cell lymphoma 2 levels, decreased Bcl-2-associated X protein levels, and the cleavage of caspase-3. Additionally, to improve cardiac targeting in vivo, we used click chemistry to form functional T-EV@RNP by conjugating T peptides to EV@RNP. Consequently, T-EV@RNP-mediated miR-34a genome editing might exert a protective effect against MI, reducing apoptosis, ameliorating MI injury, and facilitating the recovery of cardiac function. In conclusion, the genome editing delivery system established by loading CRISPR/Cas9 RNP with cardiac-targeting EVs is a powerful approach for precise and tissue-specific gene therapy for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoeun Kim
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- GNTPharma Science and Technology Center for Health, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Hong J, Sim D, Lee BH, Sarangthem V, Park RW. Multifunctional elastin-like polypeptide nanocarriers for efficient miRNA delivery in cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:293. [PMID: 38802812 PMCID: PMC11131307 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exogenous delivery of miRNA to mimic and restore miRNA-34a activity in various cancer models holds significant promise in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, its effectiveness is often impeded by challenges, including a short half-life, propensity for off-target accumulation, susceptibility to inactivation by blood-based enzymes, concerns regarding patient safety, and the substantial cost associated with scaling up. As a means of overcoming these barriers, we propose the development of miRNA-loaded Tat-A86 nanoparticles by virtue of Tat-A86's ability to shield the loaded agent from external environmental factors, reducing degradation and inactivation, while enhancing circulation time and targeted accumulation. RESULTS Genetically engineered Tat-A86, featuring 16 copies of the interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R)-binding peptide (AP1), Tat for tumor penetration, and an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) for presenting target ligands and ensuring stability, served as the basis for this delivery system. Comparative groups, including Tat-E60 and A86, were employed to discern differences in binding and penetration. The designed ELP-based nanoparticle Tat-A86 effectively condensed miRNA, forming stable nanocomplexes under physiological conditions. The miRNA/Tat-A86 formulation bound specifically to tumor cells and facilitated stable miRNA delivery into them, effectively inhibiting tumor growth. The efficacy of miRNA/Tat-A86 was further evaluated using three-dimensional spheroids of lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) as in vitro model and LLC tumor-bearing mice as an in vivo model. It was found that miRNA/Tat-A86 facilitates effective cell killing by markedly improving miRNA penetration, leading to a substantial reduction in the size of LLC spheroids. Compared to other controls, Tat-A86 demonstrated superior efficacy in suppressing the growth of 3D cellular aggregates. Moreover, at equivalent doses, miRNA-34a delivered by Tat-A86 inhibited the growth of LLC cells in allograft mice. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these studies demonstrate that Tat-A86 nanoparticles can deliver miRNA systemically, overcoming the basic hurdles impeding miRNA delivery by facilitating both miRNA uptake and stability, ultimately leading to improved therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisan Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Sim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Heon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijaya Sarangthem
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Rang-Woon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Jasim SA, Al-Hawary SIS, Kaur I, Ahmad I, Hjazi A, Petkov I, Ali SHJ, Redhee AH, Shuhata Alubiady MH, Al-Ani AM. Critical role of exosome, exosomal non-coding RNAs and non-coding RNAs in head and neck cancer angiogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155238. [PMID: 38493725 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) refers to the epithelial malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract. HNCs have a constant yet slow-growing rate with an unsatisfactory overall survival rate globally. The development of new blood vessels from existing blood conduits is regarded as angiogenesis, which is implicated in the growth, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Aberrant angiogenesis is a known contributor to human cancer progression. Representing a promising therapeutic target, the blockade of angiogenesis aids in the reduction of the tumor cells oxygen and nutrient supplies. Despite the promise, the association of existing anti-angiogenic approaches with severe side effects, elevated cancer regrowth rates, and limited survival advantages is incontrovertible. Exosomes appear to have an essential contribution to the support of vascular proliferation, the regulation of tumor growth, tumor invasion, and metastasis, as they are a key mediator of information transfer between cells. In the exocrine region, various types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) identified to be enriched and stable and contribute to the occurrence and progression of cancer. Mounting evidence suggest that exosome-derived ncRNAs are implicated in tumor angiogenesis. In this review, the characteristics of angiogenesis, particularly in HNC, and the impact of ncRNAs on HNC angiogenesis will be outlined. Besides, we aim to provide an insight on the regulatory role of exosomes and exosome-derived ncRNAs in angiogenesis in different types of HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irwanjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Iliya Petkov
- Medical University - Sofia, Department of Neurology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Saad Hayif Jasim Ali
- Department of medical laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Huseen Redhee
- Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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6
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Chia SPS, Pang JKS, Soh BS. Current RNA strategies in treating cardiovascular diseases. Mol Ther 2024; 32:580-608. [PMID: 38291757 PMCID: PMC10928165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to impose a significant global health burden, necessitating the exploration of innovative treatment strategies. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising avenue to address the complex molecular mechanisms underlying CVD pathogenesis. We present a comprehensive review of the current state of RNA therapeutics in the context of CVD, focusing on the diverse modalities that bring about transient or permanent modifications by targeting the different stages of the molecular biology central dogma. Considering the immense potential of RNA therapeutics, we have identified common gene targets that could serve as potential interventions for prevalent Mendelian CVD caused by single gene mutations, as well as acquired CVDs developed over time due to various factors. These gene targets offer opportunities to develop RNA-based treatments tailored to specific genetic and molecular pathways, presenting a novel and precise approach to address the complex pathogenesis of both types of cardiovascular conditions. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with delivery strategies to achieve targeted delivery of RNA therapeutics to the cardiovascular system. This review highlights the immense potential of RNA-based interventions as a novel and precise approach to combat CVD, paving the way for future advancements in cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Pei Shan Chia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
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7
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Reddy S, Hu D, Zhao M, Ichimura S, Barnes EA, Cornfield DN, Alejandre Alcázar MA, Spiekerkoetter E, Fajardo G, Bernstein D. MicroRNA-34a-Dependent Attenuation of Angiogenesis in Right Ventricular Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e029427. [PMID: 38293915 PMCID: PMC11056115 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The right ventricle (RV) is at risk in patients with complex congenital heart disease involving right-sided obstructive lesions. We have shown that capillary rarefaction occurs early in the pressure-loaded RV. Here we test the hypothesis that microRNA (miR)-34a, which is induced in RV hypertrophy and RV failure (RVF), blocks the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) axis, leading to the attenuated angiogenic response and increased susceptibility to RV failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice underwent pulmonary artery banding to induce RV hypertrophy and RVF. Capillary rarefaction occurred immediately. Although hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression increased (0.12±0.01 versus 0.22±0.03, P=0.05), VEGF expression decreased (0.61±0.03 versus 0.22±0.05, P=0.01). miR-34a expression was most upregulated in fibroblasts (4-fold), but also in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells (2-fold). Overexpression of miR-34a in endothelial cells increased cell senescence (10±3% versus 22±2%, P<0.05) by suppressing sirtulin 1 expression, and decreased tube formation by 50% via suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, VEGF A, VEGF B, and VEGF receptor 2. miR-34a was induced by stretch, transforming growth factor-β1, adrenergic stimulation, and hypoxia in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. In mice with RVF, locked nucleic acid-antimiR-34a improved RV shortening fraction and survival half-time and restored capillarity and VEGF expression. In children with congenital heart disease-related RVF, RV capillarity was decreased and miR-34a increased 5-fold. CONCLUSIONS In summary, miR-34a from fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and endothelial cells mediates capillary rarefaction by suppressing the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-VEGF axis in RV hypertrophy/RVF, raising the potential for anti-miR-34a therapeutics in patients with at-risk RVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Dong‐Qing Hu
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Shoko Ichimura
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) and Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCA
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Carmo HRP, Bonilha I, Barreto J, Tognolini M, Zanotti I, Sposito AC. High-Density Lipoproteins at the Interface between the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1290. [PMID: 38279290 PMCID: PMC10816227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant therapeutic advancements, morbidity and mortality following myocardial infarction (MI) remain unacceptably high. This clinical challenge is primarily attributed to two significant factors: delayed reperfusion and the myocardial injury resulting from coronary reperfusion. Following reperfusion, there is a rapid intracellular pH shift, disruption of ionic balance, heightened oxidative stress, increased activity of proteolytic enzymes, initiation of inflammatory responses, and activation of several cell death pathways, encompassing apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. The inflammatory cell death or pyroptosis encompasses the activation of the intracellular multiprotein complex known as the NLRP3 inflammasome. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are endogenous particles whose components can either promote or mitigate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this comprehensive review, we explore the role of inflammasome activation in the context of MI and provide a detailed analysis of how HDL can modulate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helison R. P. Carmo
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Aterolab), Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, SP, Brazil; (H.R.P.C.); (I.B.); (J.B.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Isabella Bonilha
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Aterolab), Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, SP, Brazil; (H.R.P.C.); (I.B.); (J.B.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Joaquim Barreto
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Aterolab), Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, SP, Brazil; (H.R.P.C.); (I.B.); (J.B.); (A.C.S.)
| | | | - Ilaria Zanotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Andrei C. Sposito
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Aterolab), Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, SP, Brazil; (H.R.P.C.); (I.B.); (J.B.); (A.C.S.)
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9
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Mandal M, Rakib A, Kiran S, Al Mamun MA, Raghavan S, Kumar S, Singla B, Park F, Leo MD, Singh UP. Inhibition of microRNA-34c reduces detrusor ROCK2 expression and urinary bladder inflammation in experimental cystitis. Life Sci 2024; 336:122317. [PMID: 38040245 PMCID: PMC10872291 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis (IC), also called painful bladder syndrome (PBS), is 2 to 5 times more common in women than in men, yet its cause and pathogenesis remain unclear. In our study using the cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced mouse model of cystitis, histological evaluation of the urinary bladder (UB) lamina propria (LP) showed immune cell infiltrations, indicating moderate to severe inflammation. In this study, we noticed a differential expression of a subset of microRNAs (miRs) in the UB cells (UBs) of CYP-induced cystitis as compared to the control. UB inflammatory scores and inflammatory signaling were also elevated in CYP-induced cystitis as compared to control. We identified eight UBs miRs that exhibited altered expression after CYP induction and are predicted to have a role in inflammation and smooth muscle function (miRs-34c-5p, -34b-3p, -212-3p, -449a-5p, -21a-3p, -376b-3p, -376b-5p and - 409-5p). Further analysis using ELISA for inflammatory markers and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) for differentially enriched miRs identified miR-34c as a potential target for the suppression of UB inflammation in cystitis. Blocking miR-34c by antagomir ex vivo reduced STAT3, TGF-β1, and VEGF expression in the UBs, which was induced during cystitis as compared to control. Interestingly, miR-34c inhibition also downregulated ROCK2 but elevated ROCK1 expression in bladder and detrusor cells. Thus, the present study shows that targeting miR-34c can mitigate the STAT3, TGF-β, and VEGF, inflammatory signaling in UB, and suppress ROCK2 expression in UBs to effectively suppress the inflammatory response in cystitis. This study highlights miR-34c as a potential biomarker and/or serves as the basis for new therapies for the treatment of cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ahmed Rakib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sonia Kiran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Md Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Somasundaram Raghavan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Bhupesh Singla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Frank Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - M Dennis Leo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Udai P Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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10
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Zalivina I, Barwari T, Yin X, Langley SR, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Wakimoto H, Zampetaki A, Mayr M, Avkiran M, Eminaga S. Inhibition of miR-199a-3p in a murine hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) model attenuates fibrotic remodeling. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2023; 6:100056. [PMID: 38143961 PMCID: PMC10739604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmccpl.2023.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte disarray and fibrosis, which has a prevalence of ∼1: 200-500 and predisposes individuals to heart failure and sudden death. The mechanisms through which diverse HCM-causing mutations cause cardiac dysfunction remain mostly unknown and their identification may reveal new therapeutic avenues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression and disease phenotype in various pathologies. We explored whether miRNAs could play a role in HCM pathogenesis and offer potential therapeutic targets. Methods and results Using high-throughput miRNA expression profiling and qPCR analysis in two distinct mouse models of HCM, we found that miR-199a-3p expression levels are upregulated in mutant mice compared to age- and treatment-matched wild-type mice. We also found that miR-199a-3p expression is enriched in cardiac non-myocytes compared to cardiomyocytes. When we expressed miR-199a-3p mimic in cultured murine primary cardiac fibroblasts and analyzed the conditioned media by proteomics, we found that several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., TSP2, FBLN3, COL11A1, LYOX) were differentially secreted (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD042904). We confirmed our proteomics findings by qPCR analysis of selected mRNAs and demonstrated that miR-199a-3p mimic expression in cardiac fibroblasts drives upregulation of ECM gene expression, including Tsp2, Fbln3, Pcoc1, Col1a1 and Col3a1. To examine the role of miR-199a-3p in vivo, we inhibited its function using lock-nucleic acid (LNA)-based inhibitors (antimiR-199a-3p) in an HCM mouse model. Our results revealed that progression of cardiac fibrosis is attenuated when miR-199a-3p function is inhibited in mild-to-moderate HCM. Finally, guided by computational target prediction algorithms, we identified mRNAs Cd151 and Itga3 as direct targets of miR-199a-3p and have shown that miR-199a-3p mimic expression negatively regulates AKT activation in cardiac fibroblasts. Conclusions Altogether, our results suggest that miR-199a-3p may contribute to cardiac fibrosis in HCM through its actions in cardiac fibroblasts. Thus, inhibition of miR-199a-3p in mild-to-moderate HCM may offer therapeutic benefit in combination with complementary approaches that target the primary defect in cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zalivina
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Temo Barwari
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah R. Langley
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Metin Avkiran
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seda Eminaga
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Khan SU, Saeed S, Sheikh AN, Arbi FM, Shahzad A, Faryal U, Lu K. Crafting a Blueprint for MicroRNA in Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:102010. [PMID: 37544621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass a range of disorders, from congenital heart malformation, cardiac valve, peripheral artery, coronary artery, cardiac muscle diseases, and arrhythmias, ultimately leading to heart failure. Despite therapeutic advancements, CVDs remain the primary cause of global mortality, highlighting the need for a thorough knowledge of CVDs at the level of molecular structure. Gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression variations significantly influence cellular pathways, impacting an organism's physiology. MiRNAs, in particular, serve as regulators of gene expression, playing critical roles in essential cellular pathways and influencing the development of various diseases, including CVD. A wealth of evidence supports the involvement of miRNAs in CVD progression. These findings highlight the potential of miRNAs as valuable diagnostic biomarkers and open new avenues for their therapeutic application in CVDs. This study focuses on the latest advancements in identifying and characterizing microRNAs, exploring their manipulation and clinical application, and discussing future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, 22020, Pakistan
| | - Sumbul Saeed
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Ayesha Nazir Sheikh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Mueen Arbi
- Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ali Shahzad
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Uzma Faryal
- Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, 22020, Pakistan
| | - Kun Lu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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12
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Gocer Z, Elek A, Caska H, Bozgeyik I. MicroRNAs and cardiac fibrosis: A comprehensive update on mechanisms and consequences. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154853. [PMID: 37857035 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological wound-healing mechanism that results by the overactivation of fibroblasts. Fibrosis can become obstructive and deleterious during regeneration of various body tissues including cardiac muscle. This ultimately results in the development of cardiac fibrosis, characterized by an excessive buildup of extracellular matrix proteins. Thus, it could lead to arrhythmias and heart failure which creates a leading public health burden worldwide. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with great potential for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Mounting evidence indicates that miRNAs are involved in the deregulation of tissue homeostasis during myocardial fibrosis. For instance, miRNAs that are implicated in the regulation of TGF-beta signaling pathway have been reported to be significantly altered in myocardial fibrosis. Accordingly, in this comprehensive review, we discuss and highlight recent available data on the role of miRNAs during myocardial fibrosis, providing valuable insights into the miRNA modulation of cardiac fibrosis and miRNAs targets that can be used in the future therapeutic interventions to cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekihan Gocer
- Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Alperen Elek
- Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Halil Caska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
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13
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Sarlak Z, Eidi A, Ghorbanzadeh V, Moghaddasi M, Mortazavi P. miR-34a/SIRT1/HIF-1α axis is involved in cardiac angiogenesis of type 2 diabetic rats: The protective effect of sodium butyrate combined with treadmill exercise. Biofactors 2023; 49:1085-1098. [PMID: 37560982 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide. Recent research has indicated that sodium butyrate (NaB) affects glucose metabolism and exercise has an anti-hyperglycemic effect in diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of NaB and treadmill exercise on heart angiogenesis through the miR-34a/SIRT1/FOXO1-HIF-1α pathway. Diabetic animals received NaB (400 mg/kg daily, orally) and treadmill exercise for 6 weeks. The effect of NaB and treadmill exercise, alone or combined, on miR-34a expression, SIRT1, FOXO1, HIF-1α levels, and angiogenesis in diabetic heart tissue was measured. Diabetes caused increased miR-34a (p < 0.01) and FOXO1 (p < 0.001) expression levels. Also, SIRT1 (p < 0.001) and HIF-1α (not significant) expression levels were reduced in diabetic rats. NaB and treadmill exercise decreased miR-34a (respectively p < 0.05 and not significant) and FOXO1 (both p < 0.001) expression levels and improved SIRT1 (both not significant) and HIF-1α (respectively p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) levels. Also, NaB combined with treadmill exercise decreased miR-34a (p < 0.001) and FOXO1 (p < 0.001) expression levels, and elevated SIRT1 (p < 0.05) and HIF-1α (p < 0.001) levels in comparison with the diabetic group. NaB and treadmill exercises modulate the expression of miR-34a and the levels of SIRT1, FOXO1, and HIF-1α proteins, thus increasing angiogenesis in the heart tissue of diabetic rats. It can be concluded that NaB and treadmill exercise, alone or combined, may be useful in the treatment of diabetes through the miR-34a/SIRT1/FOXO1-HIF-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Sarlak
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajihe Ghorbanzadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Moghaddasi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Pejman Mortazavi
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Salvatori F, D’Aversa E, Serino ML, Singh AV, Secchiero P, Zauli G, Tisato V, Gemmati D. miRNAs Epigenetic Tuning of Wall Remodeling in the Early Phase after Myocardial Infarction: A Novel Epidrug Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13268. [PMID: 37686073 PMCID: PMC10487654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death in Western countries. An early diagnosis decreases subsequent severe complications such as wall remodeling or heart failure and improves treatments and interventions. Novel therapeutic targets have been recognized and, together with the development of direct and indirect epidrugs, the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) yields great expectancy. ncRNAs are a group of RNAs not translated into a product and, among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most investigated subgroup since they are involved in several pathological processes related to MI and post-MI phases such as inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. These processes and pathways are finely tuned by miRNAs via complex mechanisms. We are at the beginning of the investigation and the main paths are still underexplored. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the recent findings on epigenetic changes involved in the first phases after MI as well as on the role of the several miRNAs. We focused on miRNAs function and on their relationship with key molecules and cells involved in healing processes after an ischemic accident, while also giving insight into the discrepancy between males and females in the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salvatori
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
| | - Elisabetta D’Aversa
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
| | - Maria Luisa Serino
- Centre Haemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Environmental Science and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- University Centre for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
- Centre Haemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- University Centre for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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15
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Das D, Shruthi NR, Banerjee A, Jothimani G, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. Endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome: molecular insights and combating strategies. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1221438. [PMID: 37614749 PMCID: PMC10442661 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1221438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifaceted condition that increases the possibility of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. MetS includes obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet hyperactivity. There is a concerning rise in the occurrence and frequency of MetS globally. The rising incidence and severity of MetS need a proactive, multipronged strategy for identifying and treating those affected. For many MetS patients, achieving recommended goals for healthy fat intake, blood pressure control, and blood glucose management may require a combination of medicine therapy, lifestyles, nutraceuticals, and others. However, it is essential to note that lifestyle modification should be the first-line therapy for MetS. In addition, MetS requires pharmacological, nutraceutical, or other interventions. This review aimed to bring together the etiology, molecular mechanisms, and dietary strategies to combat hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet dysfunction in individuals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptimayee Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagainallur Ravichandran Shruthi
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesan Jothimani
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Elsakka EGE, Abulsoud AI, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail A, Elballal MS, Mageed SSA, Khidr EG, Mohammed OA, Sarhan OM, Elkhawaga SY, El-Husseiny AA, Abdelmaksoud NM, El-Demerdash AA, Shahin RK, Midan HM, Elrebehy MA, Doghish AA, Doghish AS. miRNAs orchestration of cardiovascular diseases - Particular emphasis on diagnosis, and progression. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154613. [PMID: 37327567 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) are small non-coding ribonucleic acids sequences vital in regulating gene expression. They are significant in many biological and pathological processes and are even detectable in various body fluids such as serum, plasma, and urine. Research has demonstrated that the irregularity of miRNA in multiplying cardiac cells is linked to developmental deformities in the heart's structure. It has also shown that miRNAs are crucial in diagnosing and progressing several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The review covers the function of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of CVD. Additionally, the review provides an overview of the potential role of miRNAs as disease-specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for human CVD, as well as their biological implications in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Omnia M Sarhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Samy Y Elkhawaga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829 Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Aya A El-Demerdash
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Reem K Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Heba M Midan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Doghish
- Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery, Ain-Shams University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt.
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17
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Qiao XR, Zheng T, Xie Y, Yao X, Yuan Z, Wu Y, Zhou D, Chen T. MiR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) polymorphism is associated with the development and prognosis of acute coronary syndromes: an observational study including case control and validation cohort. J Transl Med 2023; 21:325. [PMID: 37189131 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The purpose of this study was to assess the association of miR-146a rs2910164 and miR-34b rs4938723 polymorphisms with the development and prognosis of ACS and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A case-control study of 1171 subjects was included to determine the association of miR-146a rs2910164 and miR-34b rs4938723 polymorphisms with ACS risk. An additional 612 patients with different miR-146a rs2910164 genotypes, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included in the validation cohort and followed for 14 to 60 months. The endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). A luciferase reporter gene assay was used to validate the interaction of oxi-miR-146a(G) with the IKBA 3'UTR. Potential mechanisms were validated using immunoblotting and immunostaining. RESULTS The miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of ACS (Dominant model: CG + GG vs. CC, OR = 1.270, 95% CI (1.000-1.613), P = 0.049; Recessive model: GG vs. CC + CG, OR = 1.402, 95% CI (1.017-1.934), P = 0.039). Serum inflammatory factor levels were higher in patients with the miR-146a rs2910164 G allele than in those with the C allele. MiR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism in dominant model was associated with the incidence of MACE in post-PCI patients (CG + GG vs. CC, HR = 1.405, 95% CI (1.018-1.939), P = 0.038). However, the miR-34b rs4938723 polymorphism was not associated with the prevalence and prognosis of ACS. The G allele of miR-146a rs2910164 tends to be oxidized in ACS patients. The miRNA fractions purified from monocytes isolated from ACS patients were recognized by the 8OHG antibody. Mispairing of Oxi-miR-146a(G) with the 3'UTR of IKBA results in decreased IκBα protein expression and activation of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway. P65 expression was higher in atherosclerotic plaques from patients carrying the miR-146a rs2910164 G allele. CONCLUSION The variant of miR-146a rs2910164 is closely associated with the risk of ACS in Chinese Han population. Patients carrying miR-146a rs2910164 G allele may have worse pathological change and poorer post-PCI prognosis, partly due to the oxidatively modified miR-146a mispairing with 3'UTR of IKBA and activating NF-κB inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Rui Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yifei Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xinyi Yao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 439 XuanHua Road, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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18
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li X, Gao H, Chen X, Li P. CircRNA-miRNA-VEGFA: an important pathway to regulate cancer pathogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1049742. [PMID: 37234708 PMCID: PMC10206052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1049742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers, especially malignant tumors, contribute to high global mortality rates, resulting in great economic burden to society. Many factors are associated with cancer pathogenesis, including vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) and circular RNAs (circRNA). VEGFA is a pivotal regulator of vascular development such as angiogenesis, which is an important process in cancer development. CircRNAs have covalently closed structures, making them highly stable. CircRNAs are widely distributed and participate in many physiological and pathological processes, including modulating cancer pathogenesis. CircRNAs act as transcriptional regulators of parental genes, microRNA (miRNA)/RNA binding protein (RBP) sponges, protein templates. CircRNAs mainly function via binding to miRNAs. CircRNAs have been shown to influence different diseases such as coronary artery diseases and cancers by regulating VEGFA levels via binding to miRNAs. In this paper, we explored the origin and functional pathways of VEGFA, reviewed the current understanding of circRNA properties and action mechanisms, and summarized the role of circRNAs in regulating VEGFA during cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang, ; Peifeng Li,
| | | | | | | | | | - Peifeng Li
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang, ; Peifeng Li,
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19
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Pérez-Cremades D, Chen J, Assa C, Feinberg MW. MicroRNA-mediated control of myocardial infarction in diabetes. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2023; 33:195-201. [PMID: 35051592 PMCID: PMC9288556 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global public health problem whose cases will continue to rise along with the progressive increase in obesity and the aging of the population. People with diabetes exhibit higher risk of cardiovascular complications, especially myocardial infarction (MI). microRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionary conserved small non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of biological processes by interfering in gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Accumulating studies in the last two decades have uncovered the role of stage-specific miRNAs associated with key pathobiological events observed in the hearts of people with diabetes and MI, including cardiomyocyte death, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, myocardial remodeling, and myocardial lipotoxicity. A better understanding of the importance of these miRNAs and their targets may provide novel opportunities for RNA-based therapeutic interventions to address the increased risk of MI in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pérez-Cremades
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain 46010
| | - Jingshu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Carmel Assa
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115.
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20
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Dimasi CG, Darby JRT, Morrison JL. A change of heart: understanding the mechanisms regulating cardiac proliferation and metabolism before and after birth. J Physiol 2023; 601:1319-1341. [PMID: 36872609 PMCID: PMC10952280 DOI: 10.1113/jp284137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes undergo major maturational changes in preparation for birth and postnatal life. Immature cardiomyocytes contribute to cardiac growth via proliferation and thus the heart has the capacity to regenerate. To prepare for postnatal life, structural and metabolic changes associated with increased cardiac output and function must occur. This includes exit from the cell cycle, hypertrophic growth, mitochondrial maturation and sarcomeric protein isoform switching. However, these changes come at a price: the loss of cardiac regenerative capacity such that damage to the heart in postnatal life is permanent. This is a significant barrier to the development of new treatments for cardiac repair and contributes to heart failure. The transitional period of cardiomyocyte growth is a complex and multifaceted event. In this review, we focus on studies that have investigated this critical transition period as well as novel factors that may regulate and drive this process. We also discuss the potential use of new biomarkers for the detection of myocardial infarction and, in the broader sense, cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G. Dimasi
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
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21
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Nicolini G, Balzan S, Forini F. Activated fibroblasts in cardiac and cancer fibrosis: An overview of analogies and new potential therapeutic options. Life Sci 2023; 321:121575. [PMID: 36933828 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease and cancer are two major causes of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized countries, and their increasingly recognized connections are shifting the focus from single disease studies to an interdisciplinary approach. Fibroblast-mediated intercellular crosstalk is critically involved in the evolution of both pathologies. In healthy myocardium and in non-cancerous conditions, resident fibroblasts are the main cell source for synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and important sentinels of tissue integrity. In the setting of myocardial disease or cancer, quiescent fibroblasts activate, respectively, into myofibroblasts (myoFbs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), characterized by increased production of contractile proteins, and by a highly proliferative and secretory phenotype. Although the initial activation of myoFbs/CAFs is an adaptive process to repair the damaged tissue, massive deposition of ECM proteins leads to maladaptive cardiac or cancer fibrosis, a recognized marker of adverse outcome. A better understanding of the key mechanisms orchestrating fibroblast hyperactivity may help developing innovative therapeutic options to restrain myocardial or tumor stiffness and improve patient prognosis. Albeit still unappreciated, the dynamic transition of myocardial and tumor fibroblasts into myoFbs and CAFs shares several common triggers and signaling pathways relevant to TGF-β dependent cascade, metabolic reprogramming, mechanotransduction, secretory properties, and epigenetic regulation, which might lay the foundation for future antifibrotic intervention. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight emerging analogies in the molecular signature underlying myoFbs and CAFs activation with the purpose of identifying novel prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers, and to elucidate the potential of drug repositioning strategies to mitigate cardiac/cancer fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvana Balzan
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Forini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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22
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D’Agostino M, Mauro D, Zicarelli M, Carullo N, Greco M, Andreucci M, Coppolino G, Bolignano D. miRNAs in Uremic Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5425. [PMID: 36982497 PMCID: PMC10049249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Uremic Cardiomyopathy (UCM) is an irreversible cardiovascular complication that is highly pervasive among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, particularly in End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) individuals undergoing chronic dialysis. Features of UCM are an abnormal myocardial fibrosis, an asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy with subsequent diastolic dysfunction and a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis where underlying biological mechanisms remain partly undefined. In this paper, we reviewed the key evidence available on the biological and clinical significance of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in UCM. miRNAs are short, noncoding RNA molecules with regulatory functions that play a pivotal role in myriad basic cellular processes, such as cell growth and differentiation. Deranged miRNAs expression has already been observed in various diseases, and their capacity to modulate cardiac remodeling and fibrosis under either physiological or pathological conditions is well acknowledged. In the context of UCM, robust experimental evidence confirms a close involvement of some miRNAs in the key pathways that are known to trigger or worsen ventricular hypertrophy or fibrosis. Moreover, very preliminary findings may set the stage for therapeutic interventions targeting specific miRNAs for ameliorating heart damage. Finally, scant but promising clinical evidence may suggest a potential future application of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for improving risk stratification in UCM as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Davide Bolignano
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna-Graecia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa SNC, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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23
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Sun J, Ge Y, Chao T, Bai R, Wang C. The Role of miRNA in the Regulation of Angiogenesis in Ischemic Heart Disease. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101637. [PMID: 36773949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite continued improvements in primary prevention and treatment, ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the most common cause of mortality in both developing and developed countries. Promoting angiogenesis and reconstructing vascular network in ischemic myocardium are critical process of postischemic tissue repair. Effective strategies to promote survival and avoid apoptosis of endothelial cells in the ischemic myocardium can help to achieve long-term cardiac angiogenesis. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate the molecular pathophysiology of angiogenesis in-depth and to find the key targets that promote angiogenesis. Recently years, many studies have found that microRNAs play important regulatory roles in almost all process of angiogenesis, including vascular sprouting, proliferation, survival and migration of vascular endothelial cells, recruitment of vascular progenitor cells, and control of angiopoietin expression. This review presents detailed information about the regulatory role of miRNAs in the angiogenesis of IHD in recent years, and provides new therapeutic ideas for the treatment of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaru Ge
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Chao
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruina Bai
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chenglong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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24
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Yarmohammadi F, Ebrahimian Z, Karimi G. MicroRNAs target the PI3K/Akt/p53 and the Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathways in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23261. [PMID: 36416353 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is used as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of solid tumors. Irreversible cardiotoxicity is the major limitation in the clinical use of DOX. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) with diversified functions are identified that participate in exacerbating or suppressing DOX-induced cardiac damage. The miRNAs are small noncoding regulatory RNAs that modify the expression of the native genes. Studies have demonstrated that miRNAs by modifying the expression of proteins such as PTEN, Akt, and survivin can affect DOX-induced cardiac apoptosis. Moreover, miRNAs can modulate cardiac oxidative stress in DOX treatment through the posttranscriptional regulation of Sirt1, p66shc, and Nrf2 expressions. This manuscript has reviewed the regulation of the PI3K/Akt/p53 and the Sirt1/Nrf2 pathways by miRNAs in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zainab Ebrahimian
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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25
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Shaharyar MA, Bhowmik R, Al-Abbasi FA, AlGhamdi SA, Alghamdi AM, Sarkar A, Kazmi I, Karmakar S. Vaccine Formulation Strategies and Challenges Involved in RNA Delivery for Modulating Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Race from Laboratory to Market. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020241. [PMID: 36851119 PMCID: PMC9963957 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that noncoding RNAs have significant physiological and pathological roles. Modulation of noncoding RNAs may offer therapeutic approaches as per recent findings. Small RNAs, mostly long noncoding RNAs, siRNA, and microRNAs make up noncoding RNAs. Inhibiting or promoting protein breakdown by binding to 3' untranslated regions of target mRNA, microRNAs post-transcriptionally control the pattern of gene expression. Contrarily, long non-coding RNAs perform a wider range of tasks, including serving as molecular scaffolding, decoys, and epigenetic regulators. This article provides instances of long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs that may be a biomarker of CVD (cardiovascular disease). In this paper we highlight various RNA-based vaccine formulation strategies designed to target these biomarkers-that are either currently in the research pipeline or are in the global pharmaceutical market-along with the physiological hurdles that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Adil Shaharyar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shareefa A. AlGhamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.K.); Tel.: +966-543970731 (I.K.); +91-8017136385 (S.K.)
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.K.); Tel.: +966-543970731 (I.K.); +91-8017136385 (S.K.)
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26
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Li T, Yan Z, Fan Y, Fan X, Li A, Qi Z, Zhang J. Cardiac repair after myocardial infarction: A two-sided role of inflammation-mediated. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1077290. [PMID: 36698953 PMCID: PMC9868426 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1077290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and the development of new treatments can help reduce the size of myocardial infarction and prevent adverse cardiovascular events. Cardiac repair after myocardial infarction can effectively remove necrotic tissue, induce neovascularization, and ultimately replace granulation tissue. Cardiac inflammation is the primary determinant of whether beneficial cardiac repair occurs after myocardial infarction. Immune cells mediate inflammatory responses and play a dual role in injury and protection during cardiac repair. After myocardial infarction, genetic ablation or blocking of anti-inflammatory pathways is often harmful. However, enhancing endogenous anti-inflammatory pathways or blocking endogenous pro-inflammatory pathways may improve cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. A deficiency of neutrophils or monocytes does not improve overall cardiac function after myocardial infarction but worsens it and aggravates cardiac fibrosis. Several factors are critical in regulating inflammatory genes and immune cells' phenotypes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Therefore, strict control and timely suppression of the inflammatory response, finding a balance between inflammatory cells, preventing excessive tissue degradation, and avoiding infarct expansion can effectively reduce the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. This article reviews the involvement of neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and regulatory T cells in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. After myocardial infarction, neutrophils are the first to be recruited to the damaged site to engulf necrotic cell debris and secrete chemokines that enhance monocyte recruitment. Monocytes then infiltrate the infarct site and differentiate into macrophages and they release proteases and cytokines that are harmful to surviving myocardial cells in the pre-infarct period. As time progresses, apoptotic neutrophils are cleared, the recruitment of anti-inflammatory monocyte subsets, the polarization of macrophages toward the repair phenotype, and infiltration of regulatory T cells, which secrete anti-inflammatory factors that stimulate angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation for cardiac repair. We also explored how epigenetic modifications regulate the phenotype of inflammatory genes and immune cells to promote cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. This paper also elucidates the roles of alarmin S100A8/A9, secreted frizzled-related protein 1, and podoplanin in the inflammatory response and cardiac repair after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajie Fan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinbiao Fan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Aolin Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongwen Qi
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhongwen Qi,
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China,Junping Zhang,
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27
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Belkin TG, Tham YK, McMullen JR. Lipids regulated by exercise and PI3K: potential role as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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28
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Magnuson JT, Leads RR, McGruer V, Qian L, Tanabe P, Roberts AP, Schlenk D. Transcriptomic profiling of miR-203a inhibitor and miR-34b-injected zebrafish (Danio rerio) validates oil-induced neurological, cardiovascular and eye toxicity response pathways. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 254:106356. [PMID: 36423467 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The global sequencing of microRNA (miRNA; miR) and integration to downstream mRNA expression profiles in early life stages (ELS) of fish following exposure to crude oil determined consistently dysregulated miRNAs regardless of the oil source or fish species. The overlay of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs into in silico software determined that the key roles of these miRNAs were predicted to be involved in cardiovascular, neurological and visually-mediated pathways. Of these, altered expression of miRNAs, miR-203a and miR-34b were predicted to be primary targets of crude oil. To better characterize the effect of these miRNAs to downstream transcript changes, zebrafish embryos were microinjected at 1 h post fertilization (hpf) with either a miR-203a inhibitor or miR-34b. Since both miRs have been shown to be associated with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) function, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a potent AhR agonist, was used as a potential positive control. Transcriptomic profiling was conducted on injected and exposed larvae at 7 and 72 hpf, and eye morphology assessed following exposure at 72 hpf. The top predicted physiological system disease and functions between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared with miR-203a inhibitor-injected and miR-34b-injected embryos were involved in brain formation, and the development of the central nervous system and neurons. When DEGs of miR-203a inhibitor-injected embryos were compared with BaP-exposed DEGs, alterations in nervous system development and function, and abnormal morphology of the neurosensory retina, eye and nervous tissue were predicted, consistent with both AhR and non-AhR pathways. When assessed morphologically, the eye area of miR-203a inhibitor and miR-34b-injected and BaP-exposed embryos were significantly reduced. These results suggest that miR-203a inhibition and miR-34b overexpression contribute to neurological, cardiovascular and eye toxicity responses that are caused by oil and PAH exposure in ELS fish, and are likely mediated through both AhR and non-AhR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Magnuson
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America.
| | - Rachel R Leads
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental, Research Institute, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Victoria McGruer
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Le Qian
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Philip Tanabe
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental, Research Institute, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Rokavec M, Huang Z, Hermeking H. Meta-analysis of miR-34 target mRNAs using an integrative online application. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:267-274. [PMID: 36582442 PMCID: PMC9764205 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the microRNA-34/miR-34 family are induced by the p53 tumor suppressor and themselves possess tumor suppressive properties, as they inhibit the translation of mRNAs that encode proteins involved in processes, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Here we performed a comprehensive integrative meta-analysis of multiple computational and experimental miR-34 related datasets and developed tools to identify and characterize novel miR-34 targets. A miR-34 target probability score was generated for every mRNA to estimate the likelihood of representing a miR-34 target. Experimentally validated miR-34 targets were strongly enriched among mRNAs with the highest scores providing a proof of principle for our analysis. We integrated the results from the meta-analysis in a user-friendly METAmiR34TARGET website (www.metamir34target.com/) that allows to graphically represent the meta-analysis results for every mRNA. Moreover, the website harbors a screen function, which allows to select multiple miR-34-related criteria/analyses and cut-off values to facilitate the stringent and comprehensive prediction of relevant miR-34 targets in expression data obtained from cell lines and tumors/tissues. Furthermore, information on more than 200 miR-34 target mRNAs, that have been experimentally validated so far, has been integrated in the web-tool. The website and datasets provided here should facilitate further investigation into the mechanisms of tumor suppression by the p53/miR-34 connection and identification of potential cancer drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaz Rokavec
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany,Corresponding authors at: Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, D-80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Zekai Huang
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Heiko Hermeking
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Corresponding authors at: Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, D-80337 Munich, Germany.
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30
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Shah AM, Giacca M. Small non-coding RNA therapeutics for cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:4548-4561. [PMID: 36106499 PMCID: PMC9659475 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel bio-therapeutic agents that harness the properties of small, non-coding nucleic acids hold great promise for clinical applications. These include antisense oligonucleotides that inhibit messenger RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), or long non-coding RNAs; positive effectors of the miRNA pathway (short interfering RNAs and miRNA mimics); or small RNAs that target proteins (i.e. aptamers). These new therapies also offer exciting opportunities for cardiovascular diseases and promise to move the field towards more precise approaches based on disease mechanisms. There have been substantial advances in developing chemical modifications to improve the in vivo pharmacological properties of antisense oligonucleotides and reduce their immunogenicity. Carrier methods (e.g. RNA conjugates, polymers, and lipoplexes) that enhance cellular uptake of RNA therapeutics and stability against degradation by intracellular nucleases are also transforming the field. A number of small non-coding RNA therapies for cardiovascular indications are now approved. Moreover, there is a large pipeline of therapies in clinical development and an even larger list of putative therapies emerging from pre-clinical studies. Progress in this area is reviewed herein along with the hurdles that need to be overcome to allow a broader clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay M Shah
- King’s College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Mauro Giacca
- King’s College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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31
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Bernardo BC, Yildiz GS, Kiriazis H, Harmawan CA, Tai CMK, Ritchie RH, McMullen JR. In Vivo Inhibition of miR-34a Modestly Limits Cardiac Enlargement and Fibrosis in a Mouse Model with Established Type 1 Diabetes-Induced Cardiomyopathy, but Does Not Improve Diastolic Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193117. [PMID: 36231079 PMCID: PMC9563608 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA 34a (miR-34a) is elevated in the heart in a setting of cardiac stress or pathology, and we previously reported that inhibition of miR-34a in vivo provided protection in a setting of pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Prior work had also shown that circulating or cardiac miR-34a was elevated in a setting of diabetes. However, the therapeutic potential of inhibiting miR-34a in vivo in the diabetic heart had not been assessed. In the current study, type 1 diabetes was induced in adult male mice with 5 daily injections of streptozotocin (STZ). At 8 weeks post-STZ, when mice had established type 1 diabetes and diastolic dysfunction, mice were administered locked nucleic acid (LNA)-antimiR-34a or saline-control with an eight-week follow-up. Cardiac function, cardiac morphology, cardiac fibrosis, capillary density and gene expression were assessed. Diabetic mice presented with high blood glucose, elevated liver and kidney weights, diastolic dysfunction, mild cardiac enlargement, cardiac fibrosis and reduced myocardial capillary density. miR-34a was elevated in the heart of diabetic mice in comparison to non-diabetic mice. Inhibition of miR-34a had no significant effect on diastolic function or atrial enlargement, but had a mild effect on preventing an elevation in cardiac enlargement, fibrosis and ventricular gene expression of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the anti-angiogenic miRNA (miR-92a). A miR-34a target, vinculin, was inversely correlated with miR-34a expression, but other miR-34a targets were unchanged. In summary, inhibition of miR-34a provided limited protection in a mouse model with established type 1 diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy and failed to improve diastolic function. Given diabetes represents a systemic disorder with numerous miRNAs dysregulated in the diabetic heart, as well as other organs, strategies targeting multiple miRNAs and/or earlier intervention is likely to be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C. Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gunes S. Yildiz
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | | | - Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Julie R. McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-8532-1194
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32
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Chen S, Zhang C, Shen L, Hu J, Chen X, Yu Y. Noncoding RNAs in cataract formation: star molecules emerge in an endless stream. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106417. [PMID: 36038044 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For decades, research on the pathological mechanism of cataracts has usually focused on the abnormal protein changes caused by a series of risk factors. However, an entire class of molecules, termed non-coding RNA (ncRNA), was discovered in recent years and proven to be heavily involved in cataract formation. Recent studies have recognized the key regulatory roles of ncRNAs in cataracts by shaping cellular activities such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This review summarizes our current insight into the biogenesis, properties and functions of ncRNAs and then discusses the development of research on ncRNAs in cataracts. Considering the significant role of ncRNA in cataract formation, research on novel associated regulatory mechanisms is urgently needed, and the development of therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of cataracts seems promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silong Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengshou Zhang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifang Shen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Hu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Jiande Branch, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 268 Kaixuan Road, China.
| | - Yibo Yu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China.
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Cornejo PJ, Vergoni B, Ohanna M, Angot B, Gonzalez T, Jager J, Tanti JF, Cormont M. The Stress-Responsive microRNA-34a Alters Insulin Signaling and Actions in Adipocytes through Induction of the Tyrosine Phosphatase PTP1B. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162581. [PMID: 36010657 PMCID: PMC9406349 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic stresses alter the signaling and actions of insulin in adipocytes during obesity, but the molecular links remain incompletely understood. Members of the microRNA-34 (miR-34 family play a pivotal role in stress response, and previous studies showed an upregulation of miR-34a in adipose tissue during obesity. Here, we identified miR-34a as a new mediator of adipocyte insulin resistance. We confirmed the upregulation of miR-34a in adipose tissues of obese mice, which was observed in the adipocyte fraction exclusively. Overexpression of miR-34a in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or in fat pads of lean mice markedly reduced Akt activation by insulin and the insulin-induced glucose transport. This was accompanied by a decreased expression of VAMP2, a target of miR-34a, and an increased expression of the tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B. Importantly, PTP1B silencing prevented the inhibitory effect of miR-34a on insulin signaling. Mechanistically, miR-34a decreased the NAD+ level through inhibition of Naprt and Nampt, resulting in an inhibition of Sirtuin-1, which promoted an upregulation of PTP1B. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of Nampt and Naprt was decreased in adipose tissue of obese mice. Collectively, our results identify miR-34a as a new inhibitor of insulin signaling in adipocytes, providing a potential pathway to target to fight insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Jean Cornejo
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes”, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Bastien Vergoni
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes”, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Mickaël Ohanna
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, “Team Microenvironnement, Signalisation et Cancer”, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Brice Angot
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes”, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Teresa Gonzalez
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes”, 06204 Nice, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, INRAE, C2VN, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jennifer Jager
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes”, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes”, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Mireille Cormont
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes”, 06204 Nice, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-89-15-38-31
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New Insights into the Functions of MicroRNAs in Cardiac Fibrosis: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081390. [PMID: 36011301 PMCID: PMC9407613 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a significant global health problem associated with almost all types of heart disease. Extensive cardiac fibrosis reduces tissue compliance and contributes to adverse outcomes, such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and even heart failure. It is mainly associated with pathological myocardial remodeling, characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in cardiac parenchymal tissues. In recent years, a growing body of evidence demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) have a crucial role in the pathological development of cardiac fibrosis. More than sixty miRNAs have been associated with the progression of cardiac fibrosis. In this review, we summarized potential miRNAs and miRNAs-related regulatory mechanisms for cardiac fibrosis and discussed the potential clinical application of miRNAs in cardiac fibrosis.
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Woudenberg T, Kruyt ND, Quax PHA, Nossent AY. Change of Heart: the Epitranscriptome of Small Non-coding RNAs in Heart Failure. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2022; 19:255-266. [PMID: 35876969 PMCID: PMC9534797 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-022-00561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Small non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression and are highly implicated in heart failure. Recently, an additional level of post-transcriptional regulation has been identified, referred to as the epitranscriptome, which encompasses the body of post-transcriptional modifications that are placed on RNA molecules. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the small non-coding RNA epitranscriptome in heart failure. Recent Findings With the rise of new methods to study RNA modifications, epitranscriptome research has begun to take flight. Over the past 3 years, the number of publications on the epitranscriptome in heart failure has significantly increased, and we expect many more highly relevant publications to come out over the next few years. Summary Currently, at least six modifications on small non-coding RNAs have been investigated in heart failure-relevant studies, namely N6-adenosine, N5-cytosine and N7-guanosine methylation, 2’-O-ribose-methylation, adenosine-to-inosine editing, and isomiRs. Their potential role in heart failure is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Woudenberg
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, D6-P, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nyika D Kruyt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, D6-P, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A Yaël Nossent
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, D6-P, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands. .,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Soci UPR, Cavalcante BRR, Improta-Caria AC, Roever L. The Epigenetic Role of MiRNAs in Endocrine Crosstalk Between the Cardiovascular System and Adipose Tissue: A Bidirectional View. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:910884. [PMID: 35859891 PMCID: PMC9289671 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.910884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity (OBT) is a serious health condition worldwide, and one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the main reason for morbidity and mortality worldwide. OBT is the proportional increase of Adipose Tissue (AT) compared with other tissue and fluids, associated with pathological changes in metabolism, hemodynamic overload, cytokine secretion, systemic inflammatory profile, and cardiac metabolism. In turn, AT is heterogeneous in location, and displays secretory capacity, lipolytic activation, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic status, performing anatomic, metabolic, and endocrine functions. Evidence has emerged on the bidirectional crosstalk exerted by miRNAs as regulators between the heart and AT on metabolism and health conditions. Here, we discuss the bidirectional endocrine role of miRNAs between heart and AT, rescuing extracellular vesicles’ (EVs) role in cell-to-cell communication, and the most recent results that show the potential of common therapeutic targets through the elucidation of parallel and ⁄or common epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Paula Reno Soci
- Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement Department, School of Physical Education and Sports, São Paulo University–USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Raphael Ribeiro Cavalcante
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, Salvador University (UNIFACS), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Roever
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Leonardo Roever,
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Kim S, Han J, Ahn YH, Ha CH, Hwang JJ, Lee SE, Kim JJ, Kim N. Protective Role of miR-34c in Hypoxia by Activating Autophagy through BCL2 Repression. Mol Cells 2022; 45:403-412. [PMID: 35611688 PMCID: PMC9200661 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia leads to significant cellular stress that has diverse pathological consequences such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one of regulators of the adaptive pathway in hypoxia. We identified a hypoxia-induced miRNA, miR-34c, that was significantly upregulated in hypoxic human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in murine blood vessels on day 3 of hindlimb ischemia (HLI). miR-34c directly inhibited BCL2 expression, acting as a toggle switch between apoptosis and autophagy in vitro and in vivo. BCL2 repression by miR-34c activated autophagy, which was evaluated by the expression of LC3-II. Overexpression of miR-34c inhibited apoptosis in HUVEC as well as in a murine model of HLI, and increased cell viability in HUVEC. Importantly, the number of viable cells in the blood vessels following HLI was increased by miR-34c overexpression. Collectively, our findings show that miR-34c plays a protective role in hypoxia, suggesting a novel therapeutic target for hypoxic and ischemic diseases in the blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine & Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Han
- Department of Convergence Medicine & Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Asan Medical Institute for Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Ha
- Department of Convergence Medicine & Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jung Jin Hwang
- Department of Convergence Medicine & Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jae-Joong Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine & Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
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38
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Li QH, Ge ZW, Xiang Y, Tian D, Tang Y, Zhang YC. Upregulation of microRNA-34a enhances myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:229-244. [PMID: 35703738 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1953004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative injury can result in many cardiovascular diseases including cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study was designed to investigate whether microRNA-34a (miR-34a) influences cardiac I/R or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury by regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway from oxidative injury.In vivo, myocardial infarction size was examined by Evan blue/TTC staining. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Heart function was measured by echocardiography. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were evaluated. In vitro, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to H/R stimulation. Cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 assay and apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI staining. Mitochondrial superoxide, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP production was evaluated by detection kits, and related proteins were detected by western blotting analysis. We observed that the level of miR-34a was significantly upregulated in I/R rats compared to the sham group. Injection of adenovirus inhibiting miR-34a into the left ventricular anterior wall improved heart function and decreased I/R injury. H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to H/R stimulation displayed an obvious increase in miR-34a expression. In addition, miR-34a inhibitor alleviated, whereas miR-34a mimic aggravated H/R-induced mitochondrial injury. Bcl-2 was identified as a target gene of miR-34a by dual-luciferase reporter gene detection. Knockdown of Bcl-2 abolished the cardioprotection of the miR-34a inhibitor in H9c2 cells. In summary,our study demonstrates that inhibition of miR-34a exhibits therapeutic potential in treatment of myocardial I/R injury by restraining mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hui Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuo-Wang Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Chen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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González A, Richards AM, de Boer RA, Thum T, Arfsten H, Hülsmann M, Falcao-Pires I, Díez J, Foo RSY, Chan MY, Aimo A, Anene-Nzelu CG, Abdelhamid M, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Belenkov Y, Ben Gal T, Cohen-Solal A, Böhm M, Chioncel O, Delgado V, Emdin M, Jankowska EA, Gustafsson F, Hill L, Jaarsma T, Januzzi JL, Jhund PS, Lopatin Y, Lund LH, Metra M, Milicic D, Moura B, Mueller C, Mullens W, Núñez J, Piepoli MF, Rakisheva A, Ristić AD, Rossignol P, Savarese G, Tocchetti CG, Van Linthout S, Volterrani M, Seferovic P, Rosano G, Coats AJS, Bayés-Genís A. Cardiac remodelling - Part 1: From cells and tissues to circulating biomarkers. A review from the Study Group on Biomarkers of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2022; 24:927-943. [PMID: 35334137 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodelling refers to changes in left ventricular structure and function over time, with a progressive deterioration that may lead to heart failure (HF) development (adverse remodelling) or vice versa a recovery (reverse remodelling) in response to HF treatment. Adverse remodelling predicts a worse outcome, whilst reverse remodelling predicts a better prognosis. The geometry, systolic and diastolic function and electric activity of the left ventricle are affected, as well as the left atrium and on the long term even right heart chambers. At a cellular and molecular level, remodelling involves all components of cardiac tissue: cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and leucocytes. The molecular, cellular and histological signatures of remodelling may differ according to the cause and severity of cardiac damage, and clearly to the global trend toward worsening or recovery. These processes cannot be routinely evaluated through endomyocardial biopsies, but may be reflected by circulating levels of several biomarkers. Different classes of biomarkers (e.g. proteins, non-coding RNAs, metabolites and/or epigenetic modifications) and several biomarkers of each class might inform on some aspects on HF development, progression and long-term outcomes, but most have failed to enter clinical practice. This may be due to the biological complexity of remodelling, so that no single biomarker could provide great insight on remodelling when assessed alone. Another possible reason is a still incomplete understanding of the role of biomarkers in the pathophysiology of cardiac remodelling. Such role will be investigated in the first part of this review paper on biomarkers of cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Mark Richards
- Department of medicine, Yong Loo-Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS) and Rebirth Center for Translational Regenerative Therapies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henrike Arfsten
- Clinical Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Clinical Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Inês Falcao-Pires
- Department od Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Departments of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, and Nephrology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- Department of medicine, Yong Loo-Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Y Chan
- Department of medicine, Yong Loo-Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chukwuemeka G Anene-Nzelu
- Department of medicine, Yong Loo-Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Stamatis Adamopoulos
- 2nd Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Tuvia Ben Gal
- Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson, Israel
| | | | - Michael Böhm
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ovidiu Chioncel
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases 'Prof. C.C. Iliescu' Bucharest, University of Medicine Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Institut del Cor, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ewa A Jankowska
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Finn Gustafsson
- Rigshospitalet-Copenhagen University Hospital, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - James L Januzzi
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Yuri Lopatin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Lars H Lund
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davor Milicic
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Brenda Moura
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Porto Armed Forces Hospital, Portugal
| | | | | | - Julio Núñez
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Massimo F Piepoli
- Cardiology Division, Castelsangiovanni Hospital, Castelsangiovanni, Italy
| | - Amina Rakisheva
- Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Arsen D Ristić
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Université de Lorraine, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques- Plurithématique 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Cardio-Oncology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Sciences (CIRCET), Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Petar Seferovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- St. George's Hospitals, NHS Trust, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Institut del Cor, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Walkowski B, Kleibert M, Majka M, Wojciechowska M. Insight into the Role of the PI3K/Akt Pathway in Ischemic Injury and Post-Infarct Left Ventricular Remodeling in Normal and Diabetic Heart. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091553. [PMID: 35563860 PMCID: PMC9105930 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant decline in mortality, cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death worldwide. Among them, myocardial infarction (MI) seems to be the most important. A further decline in the death rate may be achieved by the introduction of molecularly targeted drugs. It seems that the components of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway are good candidates for this. The PI3K/Akt pathway plays a key role in the regulation of the growth and survival of cells, such as cardiomyocytes. In addition, it has been shown that the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway results in the alleviation of the negative post-infarct changes in the myocardium and is impaired in the state of diabetes. In this article, the role of this pathway was described in each step of ischemia and subsequent left ventricular remodeling. In addition, we point out the most promising substances which need more investigation before introduction into clinical practice. Moreover, we present the impact of diabetes and widely used cardiac and antidiabetic drugs on the PI3K/Akt pathway and discuss the molecular mechanism of its effects on myocardial ischemia and left ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Walkowski
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (B.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Marcin Kleibert
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (B.W.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Miłosz Majka
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (B.W.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Wojciechowska
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (B.W.); (M.W.)
- Invasive Cardiology Unit, Independent Public Specialist Western Hospital John Paul II, Daleka 11, 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
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Roohaninasab M, Yavari SF, Babazadeh M, Hagh RA, Pazoki M, Amrovani M. Evaluating the Role of lncRNAs in the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Androgenetic Alopecia Patients. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:603-619. [PMID: 35507254 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hair loss occurs in patients with Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA). The pattern of hair loss is different between men and women. The main cause of hair loss is increased cell apoptosis and decreased regeneration, proliferation and differentiation processes in hair follicles. Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are one of the most important molecules that regulate the processes of apoptosis, regeneration, proliferation and differentiation in hair follicles. Since studies have shown that lncRNAs can be effective in the development of cardiotoxicity and induction of cardiovascular disease (CVD); so effective lncRNAs in the regulation of regeneration, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of hair follicles can be involved in the development of CVD in AGA patients with. Therefore, this study investigated the lncRNAs involved in increasing apoptosis and reducing the processes of regeneration, proliferation and differentiation of hair follicles. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of lncRNAs as a risk factor in the incidence of CVD in AGA patients; it will help to design treatment strategies by targeting signaling pathways without any cardiotoxicity complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Roohaninasab
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Sattarkhan St, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran
| | - Shadnaz Fakhteh Yavari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Parvaz Research Ideas Supporter Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Babazadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mahboubeh Pazoki
- Department of Cardiology, Rasoul Akram General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehran Amrovani
- High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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Jusic A, Thomas PB, Wettinger SB, Dogan S, Farrugia R, Gaetano C, Tuna BG, Pinet F, Robinson EL, Tual-Chalot S, Stellos K, Devaux Y. Noncoding RNAs in age-related cardiovascular diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 77:101610. [PMID: 35338919 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the adult population worldwide and represent a severe economic burden and public health concern. The majority of human genes do not code for proteins. However, noncoding transcripts play important roles in ageing that significantly increases the risk for CVDs. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical regulators of multiple biological processes related to ageing such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation. NcRNAs are also involved in pathophysiological developments within the cardiovascular system including arrhythmias, cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, myocardial infarction and heart failure. In this review article, we cover the roles of ncRNAs in cardiovascular ageing and disease as well as their potential therapeutic applications in CVDs.
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Zhang Y, Ding Y, Li M, Yuan J, Yu Y, Bi X, Hong H, Ye J, Liu P. MicroRNA-34c-5p provokes isoprenaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy by modulating autophagy via targeting ATG4B. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2374-2390. [PMID: 35646533 PMCID: PMC9136534 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy serves as a significant foundation for cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Recently, growing evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play multiple roles in biological processes and participate in cardiovascular diseases. In the present research, we investigate the impact of miRNA-34c-5p on cardiac hypertrophy and the mechanism involved. The expression of miR-34c-5p was proved to be elevated in heart tissues from isoprenaline (ISO)-infused mice. ISO also promoted miR-34c-5p level in primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). Transfection with miR-34c-5p mimic enhanced cell surface area and expression levels of foetal-type genes atrial natriuretic factor (Anf) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-Mhc) in NRCMs. In contrast, treatment with miR-34c-5p inhibitor attenuated ISO-induced hypertrophic responses. Enforced expression of miR-34c-5p by tail intravenous injection of its agomir led to cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy in mice, whereas inhibiting miR-34c-5p by specific antagomir could protect the animals against ISO-triggered hypertrophic abnormalities. Mechanistically, miR-34c-5p suppressed autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes, which contributed to the development of hypertrophy. Furthermore, the autophagy-related gene 4B (ATG4B) was identified as a direct target of miR-34c-5p, and miR-34c-5p was certified to interact with 3' untranslated region of Atg4b mRNA by dual-luciferase reporter assay. miR-34c-5p reduced the expression of ATG4B, thereby resulting in decreased autophagy activity and induction of hypertrophy. Inhibition of miR-34c-5p abolished the detrimental effects of ISO by restoring ATG4B and increasing autophagy. In conclusion, our findings illuminate that miR-34c-5p participates in ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy, at least partly through suppressing ATG4B and autophagy. It suggests that regulation of miR-34c-5p may offer a new way for handling hypertrophy-related cardiac dysfunction.
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Key Words
- 3-MA, 3-methyladenine
- 3′ UTR, 3′ untranslated region
- ANF, atrial natriuretic factor
- ATG4B
- ATG4B, autophagy related gene 4B
- Autophagic flux
- Autophagy
- BNP, brain natriuretic polypeptide
- Baf A1, bafilomycin A1
- CQ, Chloroquine
- EF, ejection fraction
- FS, fractional shortening
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HE, hematoxylin–eosin
- ISO, isoprenaline
- IVS,d: interventricular septal wall dimension at end-diastole, IVS,s: interventricular septal well dimension at end-systole
- Isoprenaline
- LC3
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- LV Vol,d, left ventricular end-diastolic volume
- LV Vol,s, left ventricular end-systolic volume
- LVID,d, left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter
- LVID,s, left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter
- LVPW,d, left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness
- LVPW,s, left ventricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness
- Mice
- NS, normal saline
- Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
- PSR, Picric–Sirius red
- Pathological cardiac hypertrophy
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- miR-34c-5p
- miRNA, microRNA
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- β-AR, β-adrenergic receptor
- β-MHC, beta-myosin heavy chain
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Signaling cascades in the failing heart and emerging therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:134. [PMID: 35461308 PMCID: PMC9035186 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is the end stage of cardiac diseases. With a high prevalence and a high mortality rate worldwide, chronic heart failure is one of the heaviest health-related burdens. In addition to the standard neurohormonal blockade therapy, several medications have been developed for chronic heart failure treatment, but the population-wide improvement in chronic heart failure prognosis over time has been modest, and novel therapies are still needed. Mechanistic discovery and technical innovation are powerful driving forces for therapeutic development. On the one hand, the past decades have witnessed great progress in understanding the mechanism of chronic heart failure. It is now known that chronic heart failure is not only a matter involving cardiomyocytes. Instead, chronic heart failure involves numerous signaling pathways in noncardiomyocytes, including fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells, and crosstalk among these cells. The complex regulatory network includes protein-protein, protein-RNA, and RNA-RNA interactions. These achievements in mechanistic studies provide novel insights for future therapeutic targets. On the other hand, with the development of modern biological techniques, targeting a protein pharmacologically is no longer the sole option for treating chronic heart failure. Gene therapy can directly manipulate the expression level of genes; gene editing techniques provide hope for curing hereditary cardiomyopathy; cell therapy aims to replace dysfunctional cardiomyocytes; and xenotransplantation may solve the problem of donor heart shortages. In this paper, we reviewed these two aspects in the field of failing heart signaling cascades and emerging therapeutic strategies based on modern biological techniques.
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Jin X, Yu W, Ye P. MiR-125b enhances doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing the nucleus-cytoplasmic translocation of YAP via targeting STARD13. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:730-740. [PMID: 34921586 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The clinical application of doxorubicin (Dox) is limited due to its cardiotoxicity, while the pathogenesis remains to be fully understood. Recent studies have suggested that microRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. This work aims to investigate the effects of miR-125b in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, mice model combined with cell line analysis were used, and cell viability assay, detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and histopathological changes were performed to characterize miR-125b effects; real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and western blot analysis were subjected to reveal the underlying mechanisms. It was found that miR-125b level was upregulated in myocardial cell line H9C2 treated with Dox and miR-125b overexpression enhanced Dox-induced cytotoxicology of H9C2 cells, while miR-125b inhibition exhibited a protective effect by measuring ROS level and cell viability. In consistent, in vivo experiments with miR-125b agomir or antagomir obtained a consistent result through examining the activity of MDA, LDH, GSH, GSH-Px, SOD, and histopathological changes. Furthermore, we found that miR-125b could target STARD13 and thus suppressed the nucleus-cytoplasmic translocation of yes-associated protein (YAP). Additionally, this STARD13/YAP axis is necessary for miR-125b-mediated regulation on Dox-induced cytotoxicology of H9C2 cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that miR-125b could enhance Dox-induced cardiotoxicity through targeting the STARD13/YAP axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wande Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Reily-Bell M, Bahn A, Katare R. Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Diabetic Heart Disease: Mechanisms and Therapies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:608-630. [PMID: 34011169 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Diabetic heart disease (DHD) is the primary cause of mortality in people with diabetes. A significant contributor to the development of DHD is the disruption of redox balance due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction resulting from sustained high glucose levels. Therapies specifically focusing on the suppression of ROS will hugely benefit patients with DHD. Recent Advances: In addition to the gold standard pharmacological therapies, the recent development of gene therapy provides an exciting avenue for developing new therapeutics to treat ROS-mediated DHD. In particular, microRNAs (miRNAs) are gaining interest due to their crucial role in several physiological and pathological processes, including DHD. Critical Issues: miRNAs have many targets and differential function depending on the environment. Therefore, a proper understanding of the function of miRNAs in specific cell types and cell states is required for the successful application of this technology. In the present review, we first provide an overview of the role of ROS in contributing to DHD and the currently available treatments. We then discuss the newer gene therapies with a specific focus on the role of miRNAs as the causative factors and therapeutic targets to combat ROS-mediated DHD. Future Directions: The future of miRNA therapeutics in tackling ROS-mediated DHD is dependent on a complete understanding of how miRNAs behave in different cells and environments. Future research should also aim to develop conditional miRNA therapeutic platforms capable of switching on and off in response to disruptions in the redox state. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 608-630.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Reily-Bell
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Bahn
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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MicroRNA-34a Promotes Ischemia-Induced Cardiomyocytes Apoptosis through Targeting Notch1. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1388415. [PMID: 35265142 PMCID: PMC8901351 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1388415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial apoptosis occurs during myocardial ischemia. This study aimed to determine the effect of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) in ischemia-induced myocardial apoptosis. Mainly, SD rats were subjected to myocardial ischemia by ligaturing the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery. After rats had myocardial infarction, HE staining and TUNEL staining confirmed a significant increase in apoptosis. The expression of miR-34a was noticeably upregulated, while the expression of Notch1 was downregulated. An increase in caspase-3 and a decrease in Bcl-2/Bax ratio were observed in myocardium. Similar results were observed in the in vitro model of cardiomyocyte ischemia and anoxia of this study. When rat cardiomyocytes were administered with serum starvation and microaerophilic system, apoptosis-related proteins were significantly increased. However, transfecting the miR-34a inhibitor into the cardiomyocyte before the serum starvation and hypoxia treatment could increase the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and downregulate the expression of caspase-3, as well as prevent cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. As opposed to the abovementioned points, the upregulation of miR-34a expression by transfecting miR-34a mimics induced Notch1 reduce and apoptosis-related proteins increase apparently, while upregulation of Notch1 could stimulate apoptosis attributed to miR-34a. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Notch1 is a direct target of miR-34a. In conclusion, our current results suggested that miR-34a significantly stimulates ischemia-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis by targeting Notch1.
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Desai VG, Vijay V, Lee T, Han T, Moland CL, Phanavanh B, Herman EH, Stine K, Fuscoe JC. MicroRNA-34a-5p as a promising early circulating preclinical biomarker of doxorubicin-induced chronic cardiotoxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1477-1490. [PMID: 35199358 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a serious adverse effect of an anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), which can occur within a year or decades after completion of therapy. The present study was designed to address a knowledge gap concerning a lack of circulating biomarkers capable of predicting the risk of cardiotoxicity induced by DOX. Profiling of 2083 microRNAs (miRNAs) in mouse plasma revealed 81 differentially expressed miRNAs one week after 6, 9, 12, 18, or 24 mg/kg total cumulative DOX doses (early-onset model) or saline (SAL). Among these, the expression of 7 miRNAs were altered prior to the onset of myocardial injury at 12 mg/kg and higher cumulative doses. The expression of only miR-34a-5p was significantly (FDR<0.1) elevated at all total cumulative doses compared to concurrent SAL-treated controls and showed a statistically significant dose-related response. The trend in plasma miR-34a-5p expression levels during DOX exposures also correlated with a significant dose-related increase in cardiac expression of miR-34a-5p in these mice. Administration of a cardioprotective drug, dexrazoxane, to mice before DOX treatment, significantly mitigated miR-34a-5p expression in both plasma and heart in conjunction with attenuation of cardiac pathology. This association between plasma and heart may suggest miR-34a-5p as a potential early circulating marker of early-onset DOX cardiotoxicity. In addition, higher expression of miR-34a-5p (FDR<0.1) in plasma and heart compared to SAL-treated controls 24 weeks after 24 mg/kg total cumulative DOX dose, when cardiac function was altered in our recently established delayed-onset cardiotoxicity model, indicated its potential as an early biomarker of delayed-onset cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha G Desai
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Vikrant Vijay
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Taewon Lee
- Division of Applied Mathematical Sciences, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Tao Han
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Carrie L Moland
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Bounleut Phanavanh
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Eugene H Herman
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, The National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Kimo Stine
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - James C Fuscoe
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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Yao J, Ma R, Wang C, Zhao G. LncRNA-HOTAIR Inhibits H9c2 Apoptosis After Acute Myocardial Infarction via miR-206/FN1 Axis. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:1781-1792. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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50
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Hua CC, Liu XM, Liang LR, Wang LF, Zhong JC. Targeting the microRNA-34a as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:784044. [PMID: 35155600 PMCID: PMC8828972 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.784044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and include a group of disorders varying from vasculature, myocardium, arrhythmias and cardiac development. MicroRNAs (miRs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs with 18–23 nucleotides that regulate gene expression. The miR-34 family, including miR-34a/b/c, plays a vital role in the regulation of myocardial physiology and pathophysiological processes. Recently, miR-34a has been implicated in cardiovascular fibrosis, dysfunction and related cardiovascular disorders as an essential regulator. Interestingly, there is a pivotal link among miR-34a, cardiovascular fibrosis, and Smad4/TGF-β1 signaling. Notably, both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches identified the critical roles of miR-34a in cardiovascular apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, senescence and remodeling by modulating multifunctional signaling pathways. In this article, we focus on the current understanding of miR-34a in biogenesis, its biological effects and its implications for cardiac pathologies including myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischaemia reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Thus, further understanding of the effects of miR-34a on cardiovascular diseases will aid the development of effective interventions. Targeting for miR-34a has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular dysfunction and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Cun Hua
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ming Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Rong Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Le-Feng Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiu-Chang Zhong
| | - Jiu-Chang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Le-Feng Wang
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