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Amelot M, Robert M, Mouchet M, Kopp D. Boreal and Lusitanian species display trophic niche variation in temperate waters. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10744. [PMID: 38020684 PMCID: PMC10659821 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change has non-linear impacts on species distributions and abundance that have cascading effects on ecosystem structure and function. Among them are shifts in trophic interactions within communities. Sites found at the interface between two or more biogeographical regions, where species with diverse thermal preferenda are assembled, are areas of strong interest to study the impact of climate change on communities' interactions. This study examined variation in trophic structure in the Celtic Sea, a temperate environment that hosts a mixture of cold-affiliated Boreal species and warm-affiliated Lusitanian species. Using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios, trophic niche area, width, and position were investigated for 10 abundant and commercially important demersal fish species across space and time. In general, the niches of Boreal species appear to be contracting while those of Lusitanian species expand, although there are some fluctuations among species. These results provide evidence that trophic niches can undergo rapid modifications over short time periods (study duration: 2014-2021) and that this process may be conditioned by species thermal preferenda. Boreal species displayed spatial variation in trophic niche width and seem to be facing increased competition with Lusitanian species for food resources. These findings underscore the need to utilize indicators related to species trophic ecology to track the ecosystem alterations induced by climate change. Such indicators could reveal that the vulnerability of temperate ecosystems is currently being underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Amelot
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la ConservationUMR 7204 MNHN‐CNRS‐ Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de ParisParisFrance
- UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability)IFREMER, INRAE, Institut AgroPlouzaneFrance
| | - Marianne Robert
- UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability)IFREMER, INRAE, Institut AgroPlouzaneFrance
| | - Maud Mouchet
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la ConservationUMR 7204 MNHN‐CNRS‐ Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de ParisParisFrance
| | - Dorothée Kopp
- UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability)IFREMER, INRAE, Institut AgroPlouzaneFrance
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2
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Blanchfield PJ, McKee G, Guzzo MM, Chapelsky AJ, Cott PA. Seasonal variation in activity and nearshore habitat use of Lake Trout in a subarctic lake. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:54. [PMID: 37653451 PMCID: PMC10468872 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In lake ecosystems, predatory fish can move and forage across both nearshore and offshore habitats. This coupling of sub-habitats, which is important in stabilizing lake food webs, has largely been assessed from a dietary perspective and has not included movement data. As such, empirical estimates of the seasonal dynamics of these coupling movements by fish are rarely quantified, especially for northern lakes. Here we collect fine-scale fish movement data on Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush), a predatory cold-water fish known to link nearshore and offshore habitats, to test for seasonal drivers of activity, habitat use and diet in a subarctic lake. METHODS We used an acoustic telemetry positioning array to track the depth and spatial movements of 43 Lake Trout in a subarctic lake over two years. From these data we estimated seasonal 50% home ranges, movements rates, tail beat activity, depth use, and nearshore habitat use. Additionally, we examined stomach contents to quantify seasonal diet. Data from water temperature and light loggers were used to monitor abiotic lake conditions and compare to telemetry data. RESULTS Lake Trout showed repeatable seasonal patterns of nearshore habitat use that peaked each spring and fall, were lower throughout the long winter, and least in summer when this habitat was above preferred temperatures. Stomach content data showed that Lake Trout acquired the most nearshore prey during the brief spring season, followed by fall, and winter, supporting telemetry results. Activity rates were highest in spring when feeding on invertebrates and least in summer when foraging offshore, presumably on large-bodied prey fish. High rates of nearshore activity in fall were associated with spawning. Nearshore habitat use was widespread and not localized to specific regions of the lake, although there was high overlap of winter nearshore core areas between years. CONCLUSIONS We provide empirical demonstrations of the seasonal extent to which a mobile top predator links nearshore and offshore habitats in a subarctic lake. Our findings suggest that the nearshore is an important foraging area for Lake Trout for much of the year, and the role of this zone for feeding should be considered in addition to its traditional importance as spawning habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Blanchfield
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Graydon McKee
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Matthew M Guzzo
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | | | - Peter A Cott
- Environment and Climate Change, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, NT, Canada
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3
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Woolway RI. The pace of shifting seasons in lakes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2101. [PMID: 37055406 PMCID: PMC10102225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lake ecosystems are vulnerable to seasonal thermal cues, with subtle alterations in the timing of seasonal temperatures having a dramatic influence on aquatic species. Here, a measure of seasonal change in temperature is used to describe the pace of shifting seasons in lakes. Since 1980 spring and summer temperatures in Northern Hemisphere lakes have arrived earlier (2.0- and 4.3-days decade-1, respectively), whilst the arrival of autumn has been delayed (1.5-days decade-1) and the summer season lengthened (5.6-days decade-1). This century, under a high-greenhouse-gas-emission scenario, current spring and summer temperatures will arrive even earlier (3.3- and 8.3-days decade-1, respectively), autumn temperatures will arrive later (3.1-days decade-1), and the summer season will lengthen further (12.1-days decade-1). These seasonal alterations will be much slower under a low-greenhouse-gas-emission scenario. Changes in seasonal temperatures will benefit some species, by prolonging the growing season, but negatively impact others, by leading to phenological mismatches in critical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Iestyn Woolway
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, Wales.
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4
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Benoit DM, Chu C, Giacomini HC, Jackson DA. Depth and temperature drive patterns of spatial overlap among fish thermal guilds in lakes across Ontario, Canada. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Benoit
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Cindy Chu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada Burlington Ontario Canada
| | - Henrique C. Giacomini
- Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources, and Forestry, Aquatic Research and Monitoring Section Peterborough Canada
| | - Donald A. Jackson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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5
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Rainville V, Dupuch A, Pépino M, Magnan P. Intraspecific competition and temperature drive habitat-based resource polymorphism in brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis. Evol Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-022-10212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Andersson ML, Scharnweber K, Eklöv P. The interaction between metabolic rate, habitat choice, and resource use in a polymorphic freshwater species. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9129. [PMID: 35923943 PMCID: PMC9339753 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resource polymorphism is common across taxa and can result in alternate ecotypes with specific morphologies, feeding modes, and behaviors that increase performance in a specific habitat. This can result in high intraspecific variation in the expression of specific traits and the extent to which these traits are correlated within a single population. Although metabolic rate influences resource acquisition and the overall pace of life of individuals it is not clear how metabolic rate interacts with the larger suite of traits to ultimately determine individual fitness.We examined the relationship between metabolic rates and the major differences (habitat use, morphology, and resource use) between littoral and pelagic ecotypes of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from a single lake in Central Sweden.Standard metabolic rate (SMR) was significantly higher in pelagic perch but did not correlate with resource use or morphology. Maximum metabolic rate (MMR) was not correlated with any of our explanatory variables or with SMR. Aerobic scope (AS) showed the same pattern as SMR, differing across habitats, but contrary to expectations, was lower in pelagic perch.This study helps to establish a framework for future experiments further exploring the drivers of intraspecific differences in metabolism. In addition, since metabolic rates scale with temperature and determine predator energy requirements, our observed differences in SMR across habitats will help determine ecotype-specific vulnerabilities to climate change and differences in top-down predation pressure across habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda L. Andersson
- Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and AssessmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Kristin Scharnweber
- Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Peter Eklöv
- Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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7
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Mobile generalist species dominate the food web succession in a closed ecological system, Chenghai Lake, China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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8
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Gutgesell M, McMeans BC, Guzzo MM, de Groot V, Fisk AT, Johnson TB, McCann KS. Subsidy accessibility drives asymmetric food web responses. Ecology 2022; 103:e3817. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bailey C. McMeans
- Department of Biology University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga ON Canada
| | | | - Valesca de Groot
- Ocean Science Centre Memorial University of Newfoundland Logy Bay NL Canada
| | - Aaron T. Fisk
- School of the Environment University of Windsor Windsor ON Canada
| | - Timothy B. Johnson
- Ontario Ministry of Northern Development Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry, Glenora Fisheries Station Picton ON Canada
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9
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Firkowski CR, Thompson PL, Gonzalez A, Cadotte MW, Fortin M. Multi‐trophic metacommunity interactions mediate asynchrony and stability in fluctuating environments. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina R. Firkowski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Patrick L. Thompson
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 1B1 Canada
| | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto at Scarborough Scarborough Ontario M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Marie‐Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada
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10
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Impacts of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) on isotopic niche size and niche overlap among fish species in a mesotrophic lake. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Chaguaceda F, Scharnweber K, Dalman E, Tranvik LJ, Eklöv P. Short-term apparent mutualism drives responses of aquatic prey to increasing productivity. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:834-845. [PMID: 33340096 PMCID: PMC8048462 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to apparent competition theory, sharing a predator should cause indirect interactions among prey that can affect the structure and the dynamics of natural communities. Though shifts in prey dominance and predator resource use along environmental gradients are rather common, empirical evidence on the role of indirect prey-prey interactions through shared predation particularly with increasing productivity, is still scarce. In an 8-week lake mesocosm experiment, we manipulated both the addition of inorganic nutrients and the presence of generalist fish predators (crucian carp, Carassius carassius L.), to test for the effects of indirect interactions through shared predation along a productivity gradient. We found that apparent mutualism (indirect positive interaction) between benthic and pelagic prey strongly affected short-term responses of aquatic food webs to increasing productivity in the presence of a generalist fish. Increasing productivity favoured the relative abundance of benthic prey, following trends in natural productive lake systems. This led to a shift in fish selectivity from pelagic to benthic prey driven by changes in fish behaviour, which resulted in apparent mutualism due to the lower and delayed top-down control of pelagic prey at increasing productivity. Our results show empirical evidence that the coupling of multiple production pathways can lead to strong indirect interactions through shared predation, whereby prey dynamics on short time-scales are highly dependent on the foraging behaviour of generalist predators. This mechanism may play an important role in short-term responses of food webs across environmental gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Chaguaceda
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; LimnologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Present address:
Department of Aquatic Sciences and AssessmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7050Uppsala75007Sweden
| | - Kristin Scharnweber
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; LimnologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Erik Dalman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; LimnologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Lars J. Tranvik
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; LimnologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Peter Eklöv
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; LimnologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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12
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Patterns in Alpha and Beta Phytoplankton Diversity along a Conductivity Gradient in Coastal Mediterranean Lagoons. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the diversity patterns of phytoplankton assemblages in coastal lagoons is clearly important for water management. In this study, we explored alpha and beta diversity patterns in phytoplankton communities across five Mediterranean lagoons hydrologically connected to Vistonikos Gulf. We examined the phytoplankton community composition and biomass on a monthly basis from November 2018 to October 2019. For this, water samples were collected from seven inshore, brackish and coastal waters, sampling sites covering a wide range of conductivity. We found significant spatial and temporal differences in phytoplankton alpha diversity and in phytoplankton biomass metrics explained by the high variation of conductivity. Evenness remained low throughout the study period, reflecting significant dominance of several phytoplankton blooms. Harmful algal blooms of Prorocentrum minimum, Alexandrium sp., Rhizosolenia setigera and Cylindrotheca closterium occurred. The system’s species pool was characterized by relatively high phytoplankton beta diversity (average ~0.7) resulting from high temporal species turnover (90%). Overall, alpha and beta diversity components were indicative of rather heterogeneous phytoplankton communities which were associated with the high differences in conductivity among the sampling sites.
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13
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Bellino A, Mangano MC, Baldantoni D, Russell BD, Mannino AM, Mazzola A, Vizzini S, Sarà G. Seasonal patterns of biodiversity in Mediterranean coastal lagoons. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bellino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli” (DCB) Università degli Studi di Salerno Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mangano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DISTEM) Università di Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Daniela Baldantoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli” (DCB) Università degli Studi di Salerno Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Bayden Dwight Russell
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Anna Maria Mannino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzola
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DISTEM) Università di Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Salvatrice Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DISTEM) Università di Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DISTEM) Università di Palermo Palermo Italy
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14
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Garzke J, Connor SJ, Sommer U, O’Connor MI. Trophic interactions modify the temperature dependence of community biomass and ecosystem function. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e2006806. [PMID: 31181076 PMCID: PMC6586427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems worldwide continue to experience unprecedented warming and ecological change. Warming increases metabolic rates of animals, plants, and microbes, accelerating their use of energy and materials, their population growth, and interaction rates. At a much larger biological scale, warming accelerates ecosystem-level processes, elevating fluxes of carbon and oxygen between biota and the atmosphere. Although these general effects of temperature at finer and broader biological scales are widely observed, they can lead to contradictory predictions for how warming affects the structure and function of ecological communities at the intermediate scale of biological organization. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that the presence of predators and their associated species interactions modify the temperature dependence of net ecosystem oxygen production and respiration. We tracked a series of independent freshwater ecosystems (370 L) over 9 weeks, and we found that at higher temperatures, cascading effects of predators on zooplankton prey and algae were stronger than at lower temperatures. When grazing was weak or absent, standing phytoplankton biomass declined by 85%–95% (<1-fold) over the temperature gradient (19–30 °C), and by 3-fold when grazers were present and lacked predators. These temperature-dependent species interactions and consequent community biomass shifts occurred without signs of species loss or community collapse, and only modestly affected the temperature dependence of net ecosystem oxygen fluxes. The exponential increases in net ecosystem oxygen production and consumption were relatively insensitive to differences in trophic interactions among ecosystems. Furthermore, monotonic declines in phytoplankton standing stock suggested no threshold effects of warming across systems. We conclude that local changes in community structure, including temperature-dependent trophic cascades, may be compatible with prevailing and predictable effects of temperature on ecosystem functions related to fundamental effects of temperature on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Garzke
- Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Department of Experimental Ecology – Food Webs, Germany
- Institute of the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephanie J. Connor
- Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Department of Experimental Ecology – Food Webs, Germany
| | - Mary I. O’Connor
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail:
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15
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Wilson KL, De Gisi J, Cahill CL, Barker OE, Post JR. Life‐history variation along environmental and harvest clines of a northern freshwater fish: Plasticity and adaptation. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:717-733. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L. Wilson
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
- Earth to Ocean Research GroupSimon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada
| | - Joe De Gisi
- Fish and Wildlife SectionBritish Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations Smithers BC Canada
| | | | | | - John R. Post
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
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16
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Marklund MHK, Svanbäck R, Faulks L, Breed MF, Scharnweber K, Zha Y, Eklöv P. Asymmetrical habitat coupling of an aquatic predator-The importance of individual specialization. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:3405-3415. [PMID: 30962901 PMCID: PMC6434573 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Predators should stabilize food webs because they can move between spatially separate habitats. However, predators adapted to forage on local resources may have a reduced ability to couple habitats. Here, we show clear asymmetry in the ability to couple habitats by Eurasian perch-a common polymorphic predator in European lakes. We sampled perch from two spatially separate habitats-pelagic and littoral zones-in Lake Erken, Sweden. Littoral perch showed stronger individual specialization, but they also used resources from the pelagic zone, indicating their ability to couple habitats. In contrast, pelagic perch showed weaker individual specialization but near complete reliance on pelagic resources, indicating their preference to one habitat. This asymmetry in the habitat coupling ability of perch challenges the expectation that, in general, predators should stabilize spatially separated food webs. Our results suggest that habitat coupling might be constrained by morphological adaptations, which in this case were not related to genetic differentiation but were more likely related to differences in individual specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H. K. Marklund
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Evolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of AdelaideNorth TerraceSAAustralia
| | - Richard Svanbäck
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Leanne Faulks
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Sugadaira Research StationMountain Science CenterUniversity of TsukubaUedaJapan
| | - Martin F. Breed
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of AdelaideNorth TerraceSAAustralia
| | - Kristin Scharnweber
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Evolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Yinghua Zha
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Evolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska Institutet, NKS BioClinicumSolnaSweden
| | - Peter Eklöv
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Evolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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17
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Cruz‐Font L, Shuter BJ, Blanchfield PJ, Minns CK, Rennie MD. Life at the top: Lake ecotype influences the foraging pattern, metabolic costs and life history of an apex fish predator. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:702-716. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liset Cruz‐Font
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Brian J. Shuter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Aquatic Research and Development SectionOntario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Peterborough Ontario Canada
| | | | - C. Ken Minns
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Michael D. Rennie
- Lakehead University Thunder Bay Ontario Canada
- IISD Experimental Lakes Area Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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18
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Hayden B, Harrod C, Thomas SM, Eloranta AP, Myllykangas J, Siwertsson A, Præbel K, Knudsen R, Amundsen P, Kahilainen KK. From clear lakes to murky waters – tracing the functional response of high‐latitude lake communities to concurrent ‘greening’ and ‘browning’. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:807-816. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Hayden
- Department of Biology Canadian Rivers Institute University of New Brunswick New Brunswick Canada
- Kilpisjärvi Biological Station University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - C. Harrod
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt Universidad de Antofagasta Antofagasta Chile
- Núcleo Milenio INVASAL Concepción Chile
| | - S. M. Thomas
- EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - A. P. Eloranta
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Trondheim Norway
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - J.‐P. Myllykangas
- Kilpisjärvi Biological Station University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - A. Siwertsson
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - K. Præbel
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - R. Knudsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - P.‐A. Amundsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - K. K. Kahilainen
- Kilpisjärvi Biological Station University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Campus Evenstad Norway
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19
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Bartley TJ, McCann KS, Bieg C, Cazelles K, Granados M, Guzzo MM, MacDougall AS, Tunney TD, McMeans BC. Food web rewiring in a changing world. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:345-354. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Chase TJ, Pratchett MS, Frank GE, Hoogenboom MO. Coral-dwelling fish moderate bleaching susceptibility of coral hosts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208545. [PMID: 30550591 PMCID: PMC6294555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Global environmental change has the potential to disrupt well established species interactions, with impacts on nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. On coral reefs, fish living within the branches of coral colonies can promote coral performance, and it has been hypothesized that the enhanced water flow and nutrients provided by fish to corals could ameliorate coral bleaching. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of small, aggregating damselfish on the health of their host corals (physiology, recovery, and survival) before, during, and after a thermal-bleaching event. When comparing coral colonies with and without fish, those with resident fish exhibited higher Symbiodinium densities and chlorophyll in both field and experimentally-induced bleaching conditions, and higher protein concentrations in field colonies. Additionally, colonies with damselfish in aquaria exhibited both higher photosynthetic efficiency (FV/FM) during bleaching stress and post-bleaching recovery, compared to uninhabited colonies. These results demonstrate that symbiotic damselfishes, and the services they provide, translate into measureable impacts on coral tissue, and can influence coral bleaching susceptibility/resilience and recovery. By mediating how external abiotic stressors influence coral colony health, damselfish can affect the functional responses of these interspecific interactions in a warming ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Chase
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville QLD, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville QLD, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - M. S. Pratchett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville QLD, Australia
| | - G. E. Frank
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville QLD, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville QLD, Australia
| | - M. O. Hoogenboom
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville QLD, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville QLD, Australia
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21
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McDevitt-Galles T, Johnson PT. Drought attenuates the impact of fish on aquatic macroinvertebrate richness and community composition. FRESHWATER BIOLOGY 2018; 63:1457-1468. [PMID: 30853728 PMCID: PMC6405237 DOI: 10.1111/fwb.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Identifying ecological niche filters that shape species community composition is a critical first step in understanding the relative contributions of deterministic and stochastic processes in structuring communities. Systems with harsh ecological filters often have a more deterministic basis to community structure. Although these filters are often treated as static, investigations into their stability through time are rare, particularly in combination with extreme forms of environmental change such as drought.We examined the richness and composition of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities from 36 ponds over four years during the onset of a megadrought to answer the following questions: (1) what are the relative influences of non-native fish presence and pond permanence in structuring communities? And (2) how do the magnitudes of such filters vary through time?As predicted, fish presence had a strong, negative effect on both alpha and gamma diversity, lowering average invertebrate richness in pond communities by 23%. However, fish presence and sample year interacted to determine both richness and taxa composition: as drought conditions intensified, the effects of fish weakened such that there were no differences in the richness or composition between fish and fishless ponds by the later sampling years. Moreover, large-bodied invertebrate groups - often considered highly vulnerable to fish predation - were detected within fish-occupied sites by the final year of the study.This pattern was associated with progressive decreases in precipitation due to a severe drought in California, emphasizing the importance of exogenous, regional factors in moderating the strength of biotic niche filters on local community structure over time. Given that all detected fish species were non-native, these results also have application to understanding and forecasting changes in the diversity of native insects and other aquatic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis McDevitt-Galles
- Corresponding author: Pleasant St. Ramaley N333, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA, , 303.492.5623 (phone); 303.492.8699 (fax)
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22
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Fey SB, Vasseur DA. Thermal variability alters the impact of climate warming on consumer-resource systems. Ecology 2018; 97:1690-1699. [PMID: 27859173 DOI: 10.1890/15-1838.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thermal variation through space and time are prominent features of ecosystems that influence processes at multiple levels of biological organization. Yet, it remains unclear how populations embedded within biological communities will respond to climate warming in thermally variable environments, particularly as climate change alters existing patterns of thermal spatial and temporal variability. As environmental temperatures increase above historical ranges, organisms may increasingly rely on extreme habitats to effectively thermoregulate. Such locations desirable in their thermal attributes (e.g., thermal refugia) are often suboptimal for resource acquisition (e.g., underground tunnels). Thus, via the expected increase in both mean temperatures and diel thermal variation, climate warming may heighten the trade-off for consumers between behaviors maximizing thermal performance and those maximizing resource acquisition. Here, we integrate behavioral, physiological, and trophic ecology to provide a general framework for understanding how temporal thermal variation, mediated by access to a thermal refugium, alters the response of consumer-resource systems to warming. We use this framework to predict how temporal variation and access to thermal refugia affect the persistence of consumers and resources during climate warming, how the quality of thermal refugia impact consumer-resource systems, and how consumer-resource systems with fast vs. slow ecological dynamics respond to warming. Our results show that the spatial thermal variability provided by refugia can elevate consumer biomass at warmer temperatures despite reducing the fraction of time consumers spend foraging, that temporal variability detrimentally impacts consumers at high environmental temperatures, and that consumer-resource systems with fast ecological dynamics are most vulnerable to climate warming. Thus, incorporating both estimates of thermal variability and species interactions may be necessary to accurately predict how populations respond to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Fey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - David A Vasseur
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
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23
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Kadoya T, Gellner G, McCann KS. Potential oscillators and keystone modules in food webs. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1330-1340. [PMID: 29952127 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Food web theory suggests that the placement of a weak interaction is critical such that under some conditions even one well-placed weak interaction can stabilise multiple strong interactions. This theory suggests that complex stable webs may be built from pivotal weak interactions such that the removal of even one to a few keystone interactions can have significant cascading impacts on whole system diversity and structure. However, the connection between weak interactions, derived from the theory of modular food web components, and keystone species, derived from empirical results, is not yet well understood. Here, we develop numerical techniques to detect potential oscillators hidden in complex food webs, and show that, both in random and real food webs, keystone consumer-resource interactions often operate to stabilise them. Alarmingly, this result suggests that nature frequently may be dangerously close to precipitous change with even the loss of one or a few weakly interacting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kadoya
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Gabriel Gellner
- Department of biology, Colorado State University, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kevin S McCann
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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24
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Hansen AG, Gardner JR, Connelly KA, Polacek M, Beauchamp DA. Trophic compression of lake food webs under hydrologic disturbance. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam G. Hansen
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife 317 West Prospect Road Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA
| | - Jennifer R. Gardner
- Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Box 355020 Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Kristin A. Connelly
- Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Box 355020 Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Matt Polacek
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 317 ½ North Pearl Street, Suite 7 Ellensburg Washington 98926 USA
| | - David A. Beauchamp
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center 6505 Northeast 65th Street Seattle Washington 98115 USA
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25
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Northward shift of the agricultural climate zone under 21 st-century global climate change. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7904. [PMID: 29784905 PMCID: PMC5962595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As agricultural regions are threatened by climate change, warming of high latitude regions and increasing food demands may lead to northward expansion of global agriculture. While socio-economic demands and edaphic conditions may govern the expansion, climate is a key limiting factor. Extant literature on future crop projections considers established agricultural regions and is mainly temperature based. We employed growing degree days (GDD), as the physiological link between temperature and crop growth, to assess the global northward shift of agricultural climate zones under 21st-century climate change. Using ClimGen scenarios for seven global climate models (GCMs), based on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and transient GHGs, we delineated the future extent of GDD areas, feasible for small cereals, and assessed the projected changes in rainfall and potential evapotranspiration. By 2099, roughly 76% (55% to 89%) of the boreal region might reach crop feasible GDD conditions, compared to the current 32%. The leading edge of the feasible GDD will shift northwards up to 1200 km by 2099 while the altitudinal shift remains marginal. However, most of the newly gained areas are associated with highly seasonal and monthly variations in climatic water balances, a critical component of any future land-use and management decisions.
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26
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MacDougall AS, Harvey E, McCune JL, Nilsson KA, Bennett J, Firn J, Bartley T, Grace JB, Kelly J, Tunney TD, McMeans B, Matsuzaki SIS, Kadoya T, Esch E, Cazelles K, Lester N, McCann KS. Context-dependent interactions and the regulation of species richness in freshwater fish. Nat Commun 2018; 9:973. [PMID: 29511186 PMCID: PMC5840330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Species richness is regulated by a complex network of scale-dependent processes. This complexity can obscure the influence of limiting species interactions, making it difficult to determine if abiotic or biotic drivers are more predominant regulators of richness. Using integrative modeling of freshwater fish richness from 721 lakes along an 11o latitudinal gradient, we find negative interactions to be a relatively minor independent predictor of species richness in lakes despite the widespread presence of predators. Instead, interaction effects, when detectable among major functional groups and 231 species pairs, were strong, often positive, but contextually dependent on environment. These results are consistent with the idea that negative interactions internally structure lake communities but do not consistently ‘scale-up’ to regulate richness independently of the environment. The importance of environment for interaction outcomes and its role in the regulation of species richness highlights the potential sensitivity of fish communities to the environmental changes affecting lakes globally. Species richness patterns are driven by biotic and abiotic factors, the relative strengths of which are unclear. Here, the authors test how species interactions or environmental traits influence fish richness across over 700 Canadian lakes, showing a surprisingly small role of negative interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.
| | - Eric Harvey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.,Institute Of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Ch-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department Of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University Of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Jenny L McCune
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.,Department Of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Karin A Nilsson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.,Department of Ecology And Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Joseph Bennett
- Department Of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Queensland University Of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Timothy Bartley
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - James B Grace
- US Geological Survey, Wetland And Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, Los Angeles, 70506, USA
| | - Jocelyn Kelly
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Tyler D Tunney
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.,Fisheries And Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada, NB EC 9B6
| | - Bailey McMeans
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.,University Of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1C6
| | | | - Taku Kadoya
- National Institute For Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-0053, Japan
| | - Ellen Esch
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Kevin Cazelles
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Nigel Lester
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, K9J 8M5
| | - Kevin S McCann
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
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27
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Tunney TD, McCann KS, Jarvis L, Lester NP, Shuter BJ. Blinded by the light? Nearshore energy pathway coupling and relative predator biomass increase with reduced water transparency across lakes. Oecologia 2018; 186:1031-1041. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-4049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Selden RL, Batt RD, Saba VS, Pinsky ML. Diversity in thermal affinity among key piscivores buffers impacts of ocean warming on predator-prey interactions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:117-131. [PMID: 28731569 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetries in responses to climate change have the potential to alter important predator-prey interactions, in part by altering the location and size of spatial refugia for prey. We evaluated the effect of ocean warming on interactions between four important piscivores and four of their prey in the U.S. Northeast Shelf by examining species overlap under historical conditions (1968-2014) and with a doubling in CO2 . Because both predator and prey shift their distributions in response to changing ocean conditions, the net impact of warming or cooling on predator-prey interactions was not determined a priori from the range extent of either predator or prey alone. For Atlantic cod, an historically dominant piscivore in the region, we found that both historical and future warming led to a decline in the proportion of prey species' range it occupied and caused a potential reduction in its ability to exert top-down control on these prey. In contrast, the potential for overlap of spiny dogfish with prey species was enhanced by warming, expanding their importance as predators in this system. In sum, the decline in the ecological role for cod that began with overfishing in this ecosystem will likely be exacerbated by warming, but this loss may be counteracted by the rise in dominance of other piscivores with contrasting thermal preferences. Functional diversity in thermal affinity within the piscivore guild may therefore buffer against the impact of warming on marine ecosystems, suggesting a novel mechanism by which diversity confers resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Selden
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ryan D Batt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Vincent S Saba
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Malin L Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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29
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Nielsen JM, Clare EL, Hayden B, Brett MT, Kratina P. Diet tracing in ecology: Method comparison and selection. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens M. Nielsen
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Elizabeth L. Clare
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Brian Hayden
- Canadian Rivers InstituteBiology DepartmentUniversity of New Brunswick Fredericton NB Canada
| | - Michael T. Brett
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Pavel Kratina
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of London London UK
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30
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Behavioral responses to annual temperature variation alter the dominant energy pathway, growth, and condition of a cold-water predator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9912-9917. [PMID: 28808011 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702584114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need to understand how ecosystems will respond to climate change. To date, no long-term empirical studies have confirmed that fish populations exhibit adaptive foraging behavior in response to temperature variation and the potential implications this has on fitness. Here, we use an unparalleled 11-y acoustic telemetry, stable isotope, and mark-recapture dataset to test if a population of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), a cold-water stenotherm, adjusted its use of habitat and energy sources in response to annual variations in lake temperatures during the open-water season and how these changes translated to the growth and condition of individual fish. We found that climate influenced access to littoral regions in spring (data from telemetry), which in turn influenced energy acquisition (data from isotopes), and growth (mark-recapture data). In more stressful years, those with shorter springs and longer summers, lake trout had reduced access to littoral habitat and assimilated less littoral energy, resulting in reduced growth and condition. Annual variation in prey abundance influenced lake trout foraging tactics (i.e., the balance of the number and duration of forays) but not the overall time spent in littoral regions. Lake trout greatly reduced their use of littoral habitat and occupied deep pelagic waters during the summer. Together, our results provide clear evidence that climate-mediated behavior can influence the dominant energy pathways of top predators, with implications ranging from individual fitness to food web stability.
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31
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Tunney TD, Carpenter SR, Vander Zanden MJ. The consistency of a species’ response to press perturbations with high food web uncertainty. Ecology 2017; 98:1859-1868. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Tunney
- Center for Limnology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 680 North Park Street Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Stephen R. Carpenter
- Center for Limnology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 680 North Park Street Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - M. Jake Vander Zanden
- Center for Limnology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 680 North Park Street Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
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32
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Bonebrake TC, Brown CJ, Bell JD, Blanchard JL, Chauvenet A, Champion C, Chen IC, Clark TD, Colwell RK, Danielsen F, Dell AI, Donelson JM, Evengård B, Ferrier S, Frusher S, Garcia RA, Griffis RB, Hobday AJ, Jarzyna MA, Lee E, Lenoir J, Linnetved H, Martin VY, McCormack PC, McDonald J, McDonald-Madden E, Mitchell N, Mustonen T, Pandolfi JM, Pettorelli N, Possingham H, Pulsifer P, Reynolds M, Scheffers BR, Sorte CJB, Strugnell JM, Tuanmu MN, Twiname S, Vergés A, Villanueva C, Wapstra E, Wernberg T, Pecl GT. Managing consequences of climate-driven species redistribution requires integration of ecology, conservation and social science. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:284-305. [PMID: 28568902 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is driving a pervasive global redistribution of the planet's species. Species redistribution poses new questions for the study of ecosystems, conservation science and human societies that require a coordinated and integrated approach. Here we review recent progress, key gaps and strategic directions in this nascent research area, emphasising emerging themes in species redistribution biology, the importance of understanding underlying drivers and the need to anticipate novel outcomes of changes in species ranges. We highlight that species redistribution has manifest implications across multiple temporal and spatial scales and from genes to ecosystems. Understanding range shifts from ecological, physiological, genetic and biogeographical perspectives is essential for informing changing paradigms in conservation science and for designing conservation strategies that incorporate changing population connectivity and advance adaptation to climate change. Species redistributions present challenges for human well-being, environmental management and sustainable development. By synthesising recent approaches, theories and tools, our review establishes an interdisciplinary foundation for the development of future research on species redistribution. Specifically, we demonstrate how ecological, conservation and social research on species redistribution can best be achieved by working across disciplinary boundaries to develop and implement solutions to climate change challenges. Future studies should therefore integrate existing and complementary scientific frameworks while incorporating social science and human-centred approaches. Finally, we emphasise that the best science will not be useful unless more scientists engage with managers, policy makers and the public to develop responsible and socially acceptable options for the global challenges arising from species redistributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Bonebrake
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | | | - Johann D Bell
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Conservation International, Arlington, VA, 22202, U.S.A
| | - Julia L Blanchard
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Alienor Chauvenet
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Curtis Champion
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - I-Ching Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Republic of China
| | - Timothy D Clark
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Hobart, 7000, Australia
| | - Robert K Colwell
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, U.S.A.,University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, CO, 80309, U.S.A.,Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74.001-970, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Finn Danielsen
- Nordic Foundation for Development and Ecology (NORDECO), Copenhagen, DK-1159, Denmark
| | - Anthony I Dell
- National Great Rivers Research and Education Center (NGRREC), East Alton, IL, 62024, U.S.A.,Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 631303, USA
| | - Jennifer M Donelson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, 2007, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Birgitta Evengård
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umea University, 90187, Umea, Sweden
| | | | - Stewart Frusher
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Raquel A Garcia
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Ecology, the Environment and Conservation, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.,Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Roger B Griffis
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, U.S.A
| | - Alistair J Hobday
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, 7000, Australia
| | - Marta A Jarzyna
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A
| | - Emma Lee
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR « Ecologie et dynamique des systèmes anthropisés » (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, FR-80037, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Hlif Linnetved
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Victoria Y Martin
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, U.S.A
| | | | - Jan McDonald
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Eve McDonald-Madden
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.,School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicola Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Tero Mustonen
- Snowchange Cooperative, University of Eastern Finland, 80130, Joensuu, Finland
| | - John M Pandolfi
- School of Biological Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Hugh Possingham
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.,Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment, Silwood Park, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter Pulsifer
- National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, U.S.A
| | - Mark Reynolds
- The Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA, 94105, U.S.A
| | - Brett R Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida/IFAS, Gainesville, FL, 32611, U.S.A
| | - Cascade J B Sorte
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, U.S.A
| | - Jan M Strugnell
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Mao-Ning Tuanmu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Republic of China
| | - Samantha Twiname
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Cecilia Villanueva
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Erik Wapstra
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia.,UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Gretta T Pecl
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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Svensson F, Karlsson E, Gårdmark A, Olsson J, Adill A, Zie J, Snoeijs P, Eklöf JS. In situ warming strengthens trophic cascades in a coastal food web. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Svensson
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm Univ., Svante Arrhenius v g 20A; SE-114 18 Stockholm Sweden
- Dept of Aquatic Resources; Inst. of Marine Research, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; Lysekil Sweden
| | - Erik Karlsson
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm Univ., Svante Arrhenius v g 20A; SE-114 18 Stockholm Sweden
- Dept of Aquatic Resources; Inst. of Coastal Research; Öregrund Sweden
| | - Anna Gårdmark
- Dept of Aquatic Resources; Inst. of Coastal Research; Öregrund Sweden
| | - Jens Olsson
- Dept of Aquatic Resources; Inst. of Coastal Research; Öregrund Sweden
| | - Anders Adill
- Dept of Aquatic Resources; Inst. of Coastal Research; Öregrund Sweden
| | - Jenny Zie
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm Univ., Svante Arrhenius v g 20A; SE-114 18 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Pauline Snoeijs
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm Univ., Svante Arrhenius v g 20A; SE-114 18 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Johan S. Eklöf
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm Univ., Svante Arrhenius v g 20A; SE-114 18 Stockholm Sweden
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34
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Losing Legacies, Ecological Release, and Transient Responses: Key Challenges for the Future of Northern Ecosystem Science. Ecosystems 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-016-0055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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McMeans BC, McCann KS, Tunney TD, Fisk AT, Muir AM, Lester N, Shuter B, Rooney N. The adaptive capacity of lake food webs: from individuals to ecosystems. ECOL MONOGR 2016. [DOI: 10.1890/15-0288.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bailey C. McMeans
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Kevin S. McCann
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Tyler D. Tunney
- Center for Limnology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Aaron T. Fisk
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Andrew M. Muir
- Great Lakes Fisheries Commission; Ann Arbor Michigan 48105 USA
| | - Nigel Lester
- Harkness Laboratory of Fisheries Research; Aquatic Research and Monitoring Section; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; Peterborough Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada
| | - Brian Shuter
- Harkness Laboratory of Fisheries Research; Aquatic Research and Monitoring Section; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; Peterborough Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada
| | - Neil Rooney
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
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36
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Nagelkerken I, Munday PL. Animal behaviour shapes the ecological effects of ocean acidification and warming: moving from individual to community-level responses. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:974-89. [PMID: 26700211 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological communities are shaped by complex interactions between organisms and their environment as well as interactions with other species. Humans are rapidly changing the marine environment through increasing greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in ocean warming and acidification. The first response by animals to environmental change is predominantly through modification of their behaviour, which in turn affects species interactions and ecological processes. Yet, many climate change studies ignore animal behaviour. Furthermore, our current knowledge of how global change alters animal behaviour is mostly restricted to single species, life phases and stressors, leading to an incomplete view of how coinciding climate stressors can affect the ecological interactions that structure biological communities. Here, we first review studies on the effects of warming and acidification on the behaviour of marine animals. We demonstrate how pervasive the effects of global change are on a wide range of critical behaviours that determine the persistence of species and their success in ecological communities. We then evaluate several approaches to studying the ecological effects of warming and acidification, and identify knowledge gaps that need to be filled, to better understand how global change will affect marine populations and communities through altered animal behaviours. Our review provides a synthesis of the far-reaching consequences that behavioural changes could have for marine ecosystems in a rapidly changing environment. Without considering the pervasive effects of climate change on animal behaviour we will limit our ability to forecast the impacts of ocean change and provide insights that can aid management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nagelkerken
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, DX 650 418, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, 4811, Australia
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37
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Tuff KT, Tuff T, Davies KF. A framework for integrating thermal biology into fragmentation research. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:361-74. [PMID: 26892491 PMCID: PMC4794773 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation changes thermal conditions in remnant patches, and thermal conditions strongly influence organism morphology, distribution, and activity patterns. However, few studies explore temperature as a mechanism driving ecological responses to fragmentation. Here we offer a conceptual framework that integrates thermal biology into fragmentation research to better understand individual, species, community, and ecosystem-level responses to fragmentation. Specifically, the framework addresses how fragmentation changes temperature and how the effects of those temperature changes spread through the ecosystem, from organism response via thermal sensitivity, to changes in species distribution and activity patterns, to shifts in community structure following species' responses, and ultimately to changes in ecosystem functions. We place a strong emphasis on future research directions by outlining "Critical gaps" for each step of the framework. Empirical efforts to apply and test this framework promise new understanding of fragmentation's ecological consequences and new strategies for conservation in an increasingly fragmented and warmer world.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Tuff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - T Tuff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - K F Davies
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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38
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Predator Diet and Trophic Position Modified with Altered Habitat Morphology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147759. [PMID: 26824766 PMCID: PMC4732677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical patterns that emerge from an examination of food webs over gradients of environmental variation can help to predict the implications of anthropogenic disturbance on ecosystems. This “dynamic food web approach” is rarely applied at the coastal margin where aquatic and terrestrial systems are coupled and human development activities are often concentrated. We propose a simple model of ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) feeding that predicts changing dominant prey (Emerita talpoida, Talorchestia sp., Donax variablis) along a gradient of beach morphology and test this model using a suite of 16 beaches along the Florida, USA coast. Assessment of beaches included quantification of morphological features (width, sediments, slope), macrophyte wrack, macro-invertebrate prey and active ghost crab burrows. Stable isotope analysis of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) and the SIAR mixing model were used to determine dietary composition of ghost crabs at each beach. The variation in habitat conditions displayed with increasing beach width was accompanied by quantifiable shifts in ghost crab diet and trophic position. Patterns of ghost crab diet were consistent with differences recorded across the beach width gradient with respect to the availability of preferred micro-habitats of principal macro-invertebrate prey. Values obtained for trophic position also suggests that the generalist ghost crab assembles and augments its diet in fundamentally different ways as habitat morphology varies across a highly dynamic ecosystem. Our results offer support for a functional response in the trophic architecture of a common food web compartment (ghost crabs, macro-invertebrate prey) across well-known beach morphologies. More importantly, our “dynamic food web approach” serves as a basis for evaluating how globally wide-spread sandy beach ecosystems should respond to a variety of anthropogenic impacts including beach grooming, beach re-nourishment, introduction of non-native or feral predators and human traffic on beaches.
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Binzer A, Guill C, Rall BC, Brose U. Interactive effects of warming, eutrophication and size structure: impacts on biodiversity and food-web structure. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:220-227. [PMID: 26365694 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Warming and eutrophication are two of the most important global change stressors for natural ecosystems, but their interaction is poorly understood. We used a dynamic model of complex, size-structured food webs to assess interactive effects on diversity and network structure. We found antagonistic impacts: Warming increases diversity in eutrophic systems and decreases it in oligotrophic systems. These effects interact with the community size structure: Communities of similarly sized species such as parasitoid-host systems are stabilized by warming and destabilized by eutrophication, whereas the diversity of size-structured predator-prey networks decreases strongly with warming, but decreases only weakly with eutrophication. Nonrandom extinction risks for generalists and specialists lead to higher connectance in networks without size structure and lower connectance in size-structured communities. Overall, our results unravel interactive impacts of warming and eutrophication and suggest that size structure may serve as an important proxy for predicting the community sensitivity to these global change stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrei Binzer
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Berliner Str. 28, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Guill
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Berliner Str. 28, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Björn C Rall
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Berliner Str. 28, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Berliner Str. 28, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
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40
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Eloranta AP, Helland IP, Sandlund OT, Hesthagen T, Ugedal O, Finstad AG. Community structure influences species’ abundance along environmental gradients. J Anim Ecol 2015; 85:273-82. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antti P. Eloranta
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA); P.O. Box 5685 Sluppen NO-7485 Trondheim Norway
| | - Ingeborg P. Helland
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA); P.O. Box 5685 Sluppen NO-7485 Trondheim Norway
| | - Odd T. Sandlund
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA); P.O. Box 5685 Sluppen NO-7485 Trondheim Norway
| | - Trygve Hesthagen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA); P.O. Box 5685 Sluppen NO-7485 Trondheim Norway
| | - Ola Ugedal
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA); P.O. Box 5685 Sluppen NO-7485 Trondheim Norway
| | - Anders G. Finstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA); P.O. Box 5685 Sluppen NO-7485 Trondheim Norway
- Department of Natural History; NTNU University Museum; Erling Skakkes gate 47A NO-7013 Trondheim Norway
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41
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Koussoroplis AM, Wacker A. Covariance modulates the effect of joint temperature and food variance on ectotherm life-history traits. Ecol Lett 2015; 19:143-152. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Wacker
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology; Potsdam University; Potsdam Germany
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42
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Where and When do Species Interactions Set Range Limits? Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:780-792. [PMID: 26525430 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A long-standing theory, originating with Darwin, suggests that abiotic forces set species range limits at high latitude, high elevation, and other abiotically 'stressful' areas, while species interactions set range limits in apparently more benign regions. This theory is of considerable importance for both basic and applied ecology, and while it is often assumed to be a ubiquitous pattern, it has not been clearly defined or broadly tested. We review tests of this idea and dissect how the strength of species interactions must vary across stress gradients to generate the predicted pattern. We conclude by suggesting approaches to better test this theory, which will deepen our understanding of the forces that determine species ranges and govern responses to climate change.
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43
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Eloranta AP, Kahilainen KK, Amundsen PA, Knudsen R, Harrod C, Jones RI. Lake size and fish diversity determine resource use and trophic position of a top predator in high-latitude lakes. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:1664-75. [PMID: 25937909 PMCID: PMC4409414 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prey preference of top predators and energy flow across habitat boundaries are of fundamental importance for structure and function of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as they may have strong effects on production, species diversity, and food-web stability. In lakes, littoral and pelagic food-web compartments are typically coupled and controlled by generalist fish top predators. However, the extent and determinants of such coupling remains a topical area of ecological research and is largely unknown in oligotrophic high-latitude lakes. We analyzed food-web structure and resource use by a generalist top predator, the Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.), in 17 oligotrophic subarctic lakes covering a marked gradient in size (0.5–1084 km2) and fish species richness (2–13 species). We expected top predators to shift from littoral to pelagic energy sources with increasing lake size, as the availability of pelagic prey resources and the competition for littoral prey are both likely to be higher in large lakes with multispecies fish communities. We also expected top predators to occupy a higher trophic position in lakes with greater fish species richness due to potential substitution of intermediate consumers (prey fish) and increased piscivory by top predators. Based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses, the mean reliance of Arctic charr on littoral energy sources showed a significant negative relationship with lake surface area, whereas the mean trophic position of Arctic charr, reflecting the lake food-chain length, increased with fish species richness. These results were supported by stomach contents data demonstrating a shift of Arctic charr from an invertebrate-dominated diet to piscivory on pelagic fish. Our study highlights that, because they determine the main energy source (littoral vs. pelagic) and the trophic position of generalist top predators, ecosystem size and fish diversity are particularly important factors influencing function and structure of food webs in high-latitude lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti P Eloranta
- Aquatic Ecology Department, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research P.O. Box 5685 Sluppen, NO-7485, Trondheim, Norway ; University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kimmo K Kahilainen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland ; Kilpisjärvi Biological Station, University of Helsinki Käsivarrentie 14622, FIN-99490, Kilpisjärvi, Finland
| | - Per-Arne Amundsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rune Knudsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Chris Harrod
- Universidad de Antofagasta, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Roger I Jones
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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44
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Francis TB, Wolkovich EM, Scheuerell MD, Katz SL, Holmes EE, Hampton SE. Shifting regimes and changing interactions in the Lake Washington, U.S.A., plankton community from 1962-1994. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110363. [PMID: 25338087 PMCID: PMC4206405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how changing climate, nutrient regimes, and invasive species shift food web structure is critically important in ecology. Most analytical approaches, however, assume static species interactions and environmental effects across time. Therefore, we applied multivariate autoregressive (MAR) models in a moving window context to test for shifting plankton community interactions and effects of environmental variables on plankton abundance in Lake Washington, U.S.A. from 1962–1994, following reduced nutrient loading in the 1960s and the rise of Daphnia in the 1970s. The moving-window MAR (mwMAR) approach showed shifts in the strengths of interactions between Daphnia, a dominant grazer, and other plankton taxa between a high nutrient, Oscillatoria-dominated regime and a low nutrient, Daphnia-dominated regime. The approach also highlighted the inhibiting influence of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria on other plankton taxa in the community. Overall community stability was lowest during the period of elevated nutrient loading and Oscillatoria dominance. Despite recent warming of the lake, we found no evidence that anomalous temperatures impacted plankton abundance. Our results suggest mwMAR modeling is a useful approach that can be applied across diverse ecosystems, when questions involve shifting relationships within food webs, and among species and abiotic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa B. Francis
- University of Washington Tacoma, Puget Sound Institute, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth M. Wolkovich
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- The Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark D. Scheuerell
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen L. Katz
- Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth E. Holmes
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephanie E. Hampton
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
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