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Liu Z, Deligen B, Han Z, Gerile C, Da A. Integrated sequence-based genomic, transcriptomic, and methylation characterization of the susceptibility to tuberculosis in monozygous twins. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31712. [PMID: 38845983 PMCID: PMC11153169 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a complex disease with a spectrum of outcomes for more than six decades; however, the genomic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the highly heritable susceptibility to TB remain unclear. Methods Integrated sequence-based genomic, transcriptomic, and methylation analyses were conducted to identity the genetic factors associated with susceptibility to TB in two pairs of Mongolian monozygous twins. In this study, whole-genome sequencing was employed to analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions (InDels), and copy number variations (CNVs). Gene expression was assessed through RNA sequencing, and methylation patterns were examined using the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip. The gene-gene interaction network was analyzed using differentially expressed genes. Results Our study revealed no significant difference in SNP and InDel profiles between participants with and without TB. Genes with CNVs were involved in human immunity (human leukocyte antigen [HLA] family and interferon [IFN] pathway) and the inflammatory response. Different DNA methylation patterns and mRNA expression profiles were observed in genes participating in immunity (HLA family) and inflammatory responses (IFNA, interleukin 10 receptor [IL-10R], IL-12B, Toll-like receptor, and IL-1B). Conclusions The results of this study suggested that susceptibility to TB is associated with transcriptional and epigenetic alternations of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. The genes in the HLA family (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1) and IFN pathway (IFN-α and IFN-γ) may play major roles in susceptibility to TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028007, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Batu Deligen
- Institute of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028007, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Institute of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028007, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chaolumen Gerile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xilinguole Meng Mongolian General Hospital, Xilinhaote, 026000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - An Da
- Institute of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028007, Inner Mongolia, China
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Rockstrom M, Lutz R, Dickeson K, O'Rorke EV, Narita M, Amram O, Chan ED. Fulminant pulmonary tuberculosis in a previously healthy young woman from the Marshall Islands: Potential risk factors. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2023; 31:100351. [PMID: 36923241 PMCID: PMC10009541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A 19-year-old woman originally from the Republic of the Marshall Islands presented with diffuse pneumonia and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. She dies one month into her hospitalization but the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was not made until one day before her demise. A contact investigation screened a total of 155 persons with 36 (23%) found to have latent TB infection and seven (4.5%) with active pulmonary TB. This unfortunate case provided the opportunity to analyze the epidemiology of TB in the state of Washington in the context of those who emigrated from the Marshall Islands. The development of fulminant pulmonary TB in this previously healthy young woman also provides a segue to discuss potential risk factors for TB in the index case that include: (i) foreign-born in a TB-endemic country; (ii) race and genetic factors; (iii) age; (iv) body habitus; (v) pregnancy; and (vi) use of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rockstrom
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert Lutz
- Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, WA, United States
| | - Katie Dickeson
- Spokane Regional Health District, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Erin V O'Rorke
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Masahiro Narita
- Public Health - Seattle & King County Public Health, and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ofer Amram
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Edward D Chan
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
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Mhmoud NA. Association of Toll-like Receptors 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 10 Genes Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Sudanese Patients. Immunotargets Ther 2023; 12:47-75. [PMID: 37051380 PMCID: PMC10085002 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s404915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic factors are important contributors to the development of a wide range of complex disease. Polymorphisms in genes encoding for toll-like receptors (TLRs) usually influence the efficiency of the immune response to infection and are associated with disease susceptibility and progression. Therefore, we aim to describe the first association between TLR1, TLR2, TLR4 TLR6, TLR8, TLR9 and TLR10 genes polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Sudanese patients. Methodology Here we performed a case study which included 160 tuberculosis patients and 220 healthy matched controls from Sudan. In the study population, we evaluated the possible association between 86 markers in TLR1, TLR2, TLR4 TLR6, TLR8, TLR9 and TLR10 genes polymorphisms and susceptibility to PTB disease in Sudanese population using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results From our results it appeared that in the PTB population the TLR1 (rs5743557, rs4833095, rs5743596), TLR2 (rs5743704, rs5743708, rs3804099), TLR4 (rs4986790, rs4986791), TLR6 (rs5743810), TLR8 (rs3764879, rs3764880), TLR9 (rs352165, rs352167, rs187084) and TLR10 (rs4129009) were significantly more often encountered (p<0.0001) than in the control population and were associated with PTB in the Sudanese population. For the other polymorphisms tested, no association with PTB was found in the population tested. Conclusion The work describes novel mutations in TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, TLR8, TLR9 and TLR10 genes and their association with PTB infection in Sudanese population. These results will enhance our ability to determine the risk of developing the disease by targeting specific TLR pathways to reduce the severity of the disease. Future studies are needed in a larger sample to replicate our findings and understand the mechanism of association of TLR polymorphism in PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwa A Mhmoud
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Correspondence: Najwa A Mhmoud, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan, Fax +249-83-383590, Email
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Dabitao D, Bishai WR. Sex and Gender Differences in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Treatment Outcomes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 441:139-183. [PMID: 37695428 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a daunting public health concern in many countries of the world. A consistent observation in the global epidemiology of tuberculosis is an excess of cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis among males compared with females. Data from both humans and animals also suggest that males are more susceptible than females to develop active pulmonary disease. Similarly, male sex has been associated with poor treatment outcomes. Despite this growing body of evidence, little is known about the mechanisms driving sex bias in tuberculosis disease. Two dominant hypotheses have been proposed to explain the predominance of active pulmonary tuberculosis among males. The first is based on the contribution of biological factors, such as sex hormones and genetic factors, on host immunity during tuberculosis. The second is focused on non-biological factors such as smoking, professional exposure, and health-seeking behaviors, known to be influenced by gender. In this chapter, we review the literature regarding these two prevailing hypotheses by presenting human but also experimental animal studies. In addition, we presented studies aiming at examining the impact of sex and gender on other clinical forms of tuberculosis such as latent tuberculosis infection and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which both appear to have their own specificities in relation to sex. We also highlighted potential intersections between sex and gender in the context of tuberculosis and shared future directions that could guide in elucidating mechanisms of sex-based differences in tuberculosis pathogenesis and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djeneba Dabitao
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - William R Bishai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Ndong Sima CAA, Smith D, Petersen DC, Schurz H, Uren C, Möller M. The immunogenetics of tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. Immunogenetics 2022; 75:215-230. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-022-01290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Darwin KH. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: the honey badger of pathogens. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53619. [PMID: 34322986 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a fascinating object of study: it is one of the deadliest pathogens of humankind, able to fend off persistent attacks by the immune system or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Heran Darwin
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor - 794 CATT 5-8 microsatellite polymorphism and susceptibility of tuberculosis. Infection 2021; 49:457-461. [PMID: 33385298 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The establishment of candidate genetic determinants associated with tuberculosis (TB) is a challenge, considering the divergent frequencies among populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between MIF - 794 CATT 5-8 polymorphism and susceptibility to TB. METHODS Case-control study. Patients > 18 years, with pulmonary TB were included. The control group consisted of blood donors and household contacts, not relatives, healthy and > 18 years. MIF - 794 CATT 5-8 were genotyped using sequencing of PCR and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS 126 patients and 119 controls were included. The genotype 5/5 was more frequent among cases (15.1%) than in controls (5.9%) (p = 0.019). Cases had more frequently the allele 5 (29.4%) as compared with controls (19.3%) (p = 0.010). Prevalence of 7/X + 8/X genotypes was not different between cases and controls (p = 0.821). There was no difference between patients with alleles 7 and 8 and those with alleles 5 and 6 (p = 0.608). CONCLUSIONS The genotype 5/5 and the allele 5 of MIF - 794 CATT 5-8 were more frequent among TB patients than in controls.
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Olvany JM, Sausville LN, White MJ, Tacconelli A, Tavera G, Sobota RS, Ciccacci C, Bohlbro AS, Wejse C, Williams SM, Sirugo G. CLEC4E (Mincle) genetic variation associates with pulmonary tuberculosis in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104560. [PMID: 32971250 PMCID: PMC7962542 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. According to the WHO, 85% of cases in 2018 were pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), making it the most prevalent form of the disease. Although the bacillus responsible for disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is estimated to infect 1.7 billion people worldwide, only a small portion of those infected (5-10%) will transition into active TB. Because such a small fraction of infected people develop active disease, we hypothesized that underlying host genetic variation associates with developing active pulmonary disease. Variation in CLEC4E has been of interest in previous association studies showing either no effect or protection from PTB. For our study we assessed 60 SNPs in 11 immune genes, including CLEC4E, using a case-control study from Guinea-Bissau. The 289 cases and 322 controls differed in age, sex, and ethnicity all of which were included in adjusted models. Initial association analysis with unadjusted logistic regression revealed putative association with seven SNPs (p < 0.05). All SNPs were then assessed in an adjusted model. Of the six SNPs that remained significant, three of them were assigned to the CLEC4E gene (rs12302046, rs10841847, and rs11046143). Of these, only rs10841847 passed FDR adjustment for multiple testing. Adjusted regression analyses showed that the minor allele at rs10841847 associated with higher risk of developing PTB (OR = 1.55, CI = 1.22-1.96, p-value = 0.00036). Based on these initial association tests, CLEC4E seemed to be the predictor of interest for PTB risk in this population. Haplotype analysis (2-SNP and 3-SNP windows) showed that minor alleles in segments including rs10841847 were the only ones to pass the threshold of global significance, compared to other haplotypes (p-value < 0.05). Linkage disequilibrium patterns showed that rs12302046 is in high LD with rs10841847 (r2 = 0.67), and all other SNPs lost significance when adjusted for rs10841847 effects. These findings indicate that rs10841847 in CLEC4E is the single best predictor of pulmonary tuberculosis risk in our study population. These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that genetic variation of CLEC4E influences risk to TB in Guinea-Bissau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M Olvany
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lindsay N Sausville
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Marquitta J White
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Gloria Tavera
- Department of Clinical Translational Science Collaborative, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rafal S Sobota
- Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cinzia Ciccacci
- UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131, Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Anders S Bohlbro
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Christian Wejse
- Bandim Health Project, Danish Epidemiology Science Centre and Statens Serum Institute, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Scott M Williams
- Departments of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, and Genetics and Genome Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Giorgio Sirugo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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McHenry ML, Williams SM, Stein CM. Genetics and evolution of tuberculosis pathogenesis: New perspectives and approaches. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 81:104204. [PMID: 31981609 PMCID: PMC7192760 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the most lethal infectious disease globally, but the vast majority of people who are exposed to the primary causative pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), do not develop active disease. Most people do, however, show signs of infection that remain throughout their lifetimes. In this review, we develop a framework that describes several possible transitions from pathogen exposure to TB disease and reflect on the genetics studies to address many of these. The evidence strongly supports a human genetic component for both infection and active disease, but many of the existing studies, including some of our own, do not clearly delineate what transition(s) is being explicitly examined. This can make interpretation difficult in terms of why only some people develop active disease. Nonetheless, both linkage peaks and associations with either active disease or latent infection have been identified. For transition to active disease, pathways defined as active TB altered T and B cell signaling in rheumatoid arthritis and T helper cell differentiation are significantly associated. Pathways that affect transition from exposure to infection are less clear-cut, as studies of this phenotype are less common, and a primary response, if it exists, is not yet well defined. Lastly, we discuss the role that interaction between the MTB lineage and human genetics can play in TB disease, especially severity. Severity of TB is at present the only way to study putative co-evolution between MTB and humans as it is impossible in the absence of disease to know the MTB lineage(s) to which an individual has been exposed. In addition, even though severity has been defined in multiple heterogeneous ways, it appears that MTB-human co-evolution may shape pathogenicity. Further analysis of co-evolution, requiring careful analysis of paired samples, may be the best way to completely assess the genetic basis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L McHenry
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
| | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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Gehlen M, Costa ERD, Rossetti MLR, Silva DR. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor -173 G>C single nucleotide polymorphism and its association with active pulmonary tuberculosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234565. [PMID: 32525926 PMCID: PMC7289423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The establishment of candidate genes associated with susceptibility to TB is a challenge especially due to divergent frequencies among different populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) -173 G>C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and susceptibility to pulmonary TB in a population of southern Brazil. METHODS Case-control study. Patients > 18 years old, diagnosed with pulmonary TB were included. The control group consisted of blood donors and household contacts, not relatives, healthy and > 18 years old. MIF -173 G>C SNPs were genotyped using real-time PCR using a TaqMan SNP Genotyping assay. RESULTS 174 patients and 166 controls were included. There were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls regarding genotype prevalence (p>0.05). Comparing patients with normal genotype (GG) with those with at least one C allele, there was also no statistically significant difference (p = 0.135). Also, there was no statistically significant difference comparing the homozygous for the mutation (CC) with the other patients (GG and CG) (p = 0.864). CONCLUSIONS We did not find association between MIF -173 G>C polymorphism and susceptibility to pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Gehlen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elis Regina Dalla Costa
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (CDCT/SES), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Rosa Rossetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular Aplicada a Saúde (Biosaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise Rossato Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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" Bridging the Gap" Everything that Could Have Been Avoided If We Had Applied Gender Medicine, Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine in the Gender-Omics and Sex-Omics Era. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010296. [PMID: 31906252 PMCID: PMC6982247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender medicine is the first step of personalized medicine and patient-centred care, an essential development to achieve the standard goal of a holistic approach to patients and diseases. By addressing the interrelation and integration of biological markers (i.e., sex) with indicators of psychological/cultural behaviour (i.e., gender), gender medicine represents the crucial assumption for achieving the personalized health-care required in the third millennium. However, ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ are often misused as synonyms, leading to frequent misunderstandings in those who are not deeply involved in the field. Overall, we have to face the evidence that biological, genetic, epigenetic, psycho-social, cultural, and environmental factors mutually interact in defining sex/gender differences, and at the same time in establishing potential unwanted sex/gender disparities. Prioritizing the role of sex/gender in physiological and pathological processes is crucial in terms of efficient prevention, clinical signs’ identification, prognosis definition, and therapy optimization. In this regard, the omics-approach has become a powerful tool to identify sex/gender-specific disease markers, with potential benefits also in terms of socio-psychological wellbeing for each individual, and cost-effectiveness for National Healthcare systems. “Being a male or being a female” is indeed important from a health point of view and it is no longer possible to avoid “sex and gender lens” when approaching patients. Accordingly, personalized healthcare must be based on evidence from targeted research studies aimed at understanding how sex and gender influence health across the entire life span. The rapid development of genetic tools in the molecular medicine approaches and their impact in healthcare is an example of highly specialized applications that have moved from specialists to primary care providers (e.g., pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic applications in routine medical practice). Gender medicine needs to follow the same path and become an established medical approach. To face the genetic, molecular and pharmacological bases of the existing sex/gender gap by means of omics approaches will pave the way to the discovery and identification of novel drug-targets/therapeutic protocols, personalized laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures (sex/gender-omics). In this scenario, the aim of the present review is not to simply resume the state-of-the-art in the field, rather an opportunity to gain insights into gender medicine, spanning from molecular up to social and psychological stances. The description and critical discussion of some key selected multidisciplinary topics considered as paradigmatic of sex/gender differences and sex/gender inequalities will allow to draft and design strategies useful to fill the existing gap and move forward.
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Duffy AR, O'Connell JR, Pavlovich M, Ryan KA, Lowry CA, Daue M, Raheja UK, Brenner LA, Markon AO, Punzalan CM, Dagdag A, Hill DE, Pollin TI, Seyfang A, Groer MW, Mitchell BD, Postolache TT. Toxoplasma gondii Serointensity and Seropositivity: Heritability and Household-Related Associations in the Old Order Amish. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3732. [PMID: 31623376 PMCID: PMC6801611 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular parasite infecting one third of the world's population. Latent T. gondii infection has been associated with mental illness, including schizophrenia and suicidal behavior. T. gondii IgG antibody titers were measured via ELISA. The heritability of T. gondii IgG was estimated using a mixed model that included fixed effects for age and sex and random kinship effect. Of 2017 Old Order Amish participants, 1098 had positive titers (54.4%). The heritability for T. gondii serointensity was estimated to be 0.22 (p = 1.7 × 10-8 and for seropositivity, it was estimated to be 0.28 (p = 1.9 × 10-5). Shared household environmental effects (i.e., household effects) were also determined. Household effects, modeled as a random variable, were assessed as the phenotypic covariance between any two individuals who had the same current address (i.e., contemporaneous household), and nuclear household (i.e., the phenotypic covariance between parents and children only, not other siblings or spouses). Household effects did not account for a significant proportion of variance in either T. gondii serointensity or T. gondii seropositivity. Our results suggest a significant familial aggregation of T. gondii serointensity and seropositivity with significant heritability. The shared household does not contribute significantly to family aggregation with T. gondii, suggesting that there are possible unmeasured non-household shared and non-shared environmental factors that may play a significant role. Furthermore, the small but significant heritability effects justify the exploration of genetic vulnerability to T. gondii exposure, infection, virulence, and neurotropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson R Duffy
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20201, USA.
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Mary Pavlovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Melanie Daue
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Uttam K Raheja
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20201, USA.
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - André O Markon
- US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | | | - Aline Dagdag
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20201, USA.
| | - Dolores E Hill
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Andreas Seyfang
- College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Maureen W Groer
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20201, USA.
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN 5), VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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13
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Foresti S, Perego MR, Carugati M, Casati A, Malafronte C, Manzoni M, Badolato R, Gori A, Achilli F. The hidden hypothesis: A disseminated tuberculosis case. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 85:88-91. [PMID: 31150844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CASE PRESENTATION 77-year-old former smoker admitted because of fatigue and abdominal distention. Past medical history positive for two previous hospitalizations for pericardial and pleural effusions (no diagnosis achieved). At admission erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 122mm per hour. Baseline investigations revealed ascitic, pleural and pericardial effusion. Effusions were tapped: neoplastic cells and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were not identified, aerobic and mycobacterial culture resulted negative. QuantiFERON TB-Gold test was negative. Total body PET-CT and autoimmunity panel were negative. A neoplastic process was considered the most likely explanation. Before signing off the patient to comfort care, a reassessment was performed and an exposure to tuberculosis during childhood was documented. Because of constrictive pericarditis, pericardiectomy was performed: histologic examination showed chronic pericardial inflammation without granulomas, but Ziehl-Neelsen stain identified AFB and PCR was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Patient was started on anti-TB therapy with resolution of the effusions in the following months. Genes associated with defects in innate immunity were sequences and dentritic cells were studied, but no alterations were identified. DISCUSSION A Bayesian approach to clinical decision making should be recommended. Interpretation of diagnostic tests should take into account the imperfect diagnostic performance of the majority of these tests. Further studies to investigate genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Foresti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Gerardo ASST Monza, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy.
| | - Maria Rita Perego
- Division of Internal Medicine, Ospedale San Gerardo ASST Monza, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy.
| | - Manuela Carugati
- Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, Italy; Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, 300 Trent Drive, Durham, USA.
| | - Anna Casati
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale San Gerardo ASST Monza, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy.
| | - Cristina Malafronte
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale San Gerardo ASST Monza, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy.
| | - Marco Manzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology Section, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Badolato
- Division of Paediatrics, Università degli Studi di Brescia, P.le Ospedali Civili di Brescia 1, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gori
- Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, Italy.
| | - Felice Achilli
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale San Gerardo ASST Monza, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy.
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14
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Bhattacharyya C, Majumder PP, Pandit B. An exome wide association study of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and their asymptomatic household contacts. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 71:76-81. [PMID: 30898644 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death in India. To identify genetic variants associated with susceptibility or resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, we have performed an exome-wide association study with 0.2 million exonic variants among 119 pairs of tuberculosis patients and their clinically asymptomatic household contacts. The strongest association was identified for rs61104666[A], a synonymous variant (p.E292E) of exon 5 of the gene SIGLEC15 (OR = 2.4, p = 1.49 × 10-5). We also found association of non-coding variants in the 3'UTR region of a gene encoding the class II human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), HLA-DRA. rs13209234[A] (minor allele frequency (MAF) = 13.8%) (OR = 0.35, P = 2.5 × 10-4) and rs3177928[A] (minor allele frequency (MAF) = 13.7%) (OR = 0.35, P = 3.3 × 10-4) were associated with protection from tuberculosis. These two SNPs, rs13209234 and rs3177928, are in complete linkage disequilibrium. These associations remained valid when additional data on freshly recruited individuals were jointly analyzed on 250 patient-control pairs. The identified gene, HLA-DRA, suggest involvement of immune regulation, indicating pathways associated with antigen presentation in tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bhaswati Pandit
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, PO: NSS, Kalyani 741251, West Bengal, India.
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15
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Basu Roy R, Whittaker E, Seddon JA, Kampmann B. Tuberculosis susceptibility and protection in children. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 19:e96-e108. [PMID: 30322790 PMCID: PMC6464092 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Children represent both a clinically important population susceptible to tuberculosis and a key group in whom to study intrinsic and vaccine-induced mechanisms of protection. After exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, children aged under 5 years are at high risk of progressing first to tuberculosis infection, then to tuberculosis disease and possibly disseminated forms of tuberculosis, with accompanying high risks of morbidity and mortality. Children aged 5-10 years are somewhat protected, until risk increases again in adolescence. Furthermore, neonatal BCG programmes show the clearest proven benefit of vaccination against tuberculosis. Case-control comparisons from key cohorts, which recruited more than 15 000 children and adolescents in total, have identified that the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes, activated CD4 T cell count, and a blood RNA signature could be correlates of risk for developing tuberculosis. Further studies of protected and susceptible populations are necessary to guide development of novel tuberculosis vaccines that could facilitate the achievement of WHO's goal to eliminate deaths from tuberculosis in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robindra Basu Roy
- Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Vaccines and Immunity Theme MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Elizabeth Whittaker
- Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James A Seddon
- Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Vaccines and Immunity Theme MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia.
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16
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Schurz H, Kinnear CJ, Gignoux C, Wojcik G, van Helden PD, Tromp G, Henn B, Hoal EG, Möller M. A Sex-Stratified Genome-Wide Association Study of Tuberculosis Using a Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Array. Front Genet 2019; 9:678. [PMID: 30713548 PMCID: PMC6346682 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a complex disease with a known human genetic component. Males seem to be more affected than females and in most countries the TB notification rate is twice as high in males than in females. While socio-economic status, behavior and sex hormones influence the male bias they do not fully account for it. Males have only one copy of the X chromosome, while diploid females are subject to X chromosome inactivation. In addition, the X chromosome codes for many immune-related genes, supporting the hypothesis that X-linked genes could contribute to TB susceptibility in a sex-biased manner. We report the first TB susceptibility genome-wide association study (GWAS) with a specific focus on sex-stratified autosomal analysis and the X chromosome. A total of 810 individuals (410 cases and 405 controls) from an admixed South African population were genotyped using the Illumina Multi Ethnic Genotyping Array, specifically designed as a suitable platform for diverse and admixed populations. Association testing was done on the autosome (8,27,386 variants) and X chromosome (20,939 variants) in a sex stratified and combined manner. SNP association testing was not statistically significant using a stringent cut-off for significance but revealed likely candidate genes that warrant further investigation. A genome wide interaction analysis detected 16 significant interactions. Finally, the results highlight the importance of sex-stratified analysis as strong sex-specific effects were identified on both the autosome and X chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiko Schurz
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Tuberculosis Bioinformatics Initiative, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Craig J. Kinnear
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chris Gignoux
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Genevieve Wojcik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Paul D. van Helden
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerard Tromp
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Tuberculosis Bioinformatics Initiative, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brenna Henn
- Department of Anthropology, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Eileen G. Hoal
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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17
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Schurz H, Salie M, Tromp G, Hoal EG, Kinnear CJ, Möller M. The X chromosome and sex-specific effects in infectious disease susceptibility. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:2. [PMID: 30621780 PMCID: PMC6325731 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The X chromosome and X-linked variants have largely been ignored in genome-wide and candidate association studies of infectious diseases due to the complexity of statistical analysis of the X chromosome. This exclusion is significant, since the X chromosome contains a high density of immune-related genes and regulatory elements that are extensively involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Many diseases present with a clear sex bias, and apart from the influence of sex hormones and socioeconomic and behavioural factors, the X chromosome, X-linked genes and X chromosome inactivation mechanisms contribute to this difference. Females are functional mosaics for X-linked genes due to X chromosome inactivation and this, combined with other X chromosome inactivation mechanisms such as genes that escape silencing and skewed inactivation, could contribute to an immunological advantage for females in many infections. In this review, we discuss the involvement of the X chromosome and X inactivation in immunity and address its role in sexual dimorphism of infectious diseases using tuberculosis susceptibility as an example, in which male sex bias is clear, yet not fully explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiko Schurz
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Tuberculosis Bioinformatics Initiative (SATBBI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muneeb Salie
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Gerard Tromp
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Tuberculosis Bioinformatics Initiative (SATBBI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eileen G. Hoal
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Craig J. Kinnear
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Dallmann-Sauer M, Correa-Macedo W, Schurr E. Human genetics of mycobacterial disease. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:523-538. [PMID: 30116885 PMCID: PMC6132723 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial diseases are caused by members of the genus Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacteria characterized by the presence of mycolic acids within their cell walls. Claiming almost 2 million lives every year, tuberculosis (TB) is the most common mycobacterial disease and is caused by infection with M. tuberculosis and, in rare cases, by M. bovis or M. africanum. The second and third most common mycobacterial diseases are leprosy and buruli ulcer (BU), respectively. Both diseases affect the skin and can lead to permanent sequelae and deformities. Leprosy is caused by the uncultivable M. leprae while the etiological agent of BU is the environmental bacterium M. ulcerans. After exposure to these mycobacterial species, a majority of individuals will not progress to clinical disease and, among those who do, inter-individual variability in disease manifestation and outcome can be observed. Susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases carries a human genetic component and intense efforts have been applied over the past decades to decipher the exact nature of the genetic factors controlling disease susceptibility. While for BU this search was mostly conducted on the basis of candidate genes association studies, genome-wide approaches have been widely applied for TB and leprosy. In this review, we summarize some of the findings achieved by genome-wide linkage, association and transcriptome analyses in TB disease and leprosy and the recent genetic findings for BU susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dallmann-Sauer
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wilian Correa-Macedo
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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19
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Hsieh MH, Ou CY, Hsieh WY, Kao HF, Lee SW, Wang JY, Wu LSH. Functional Analysis of Genetic Variations in Surfactant Protein D in Mycobacterial Infection and Their Association With Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1543. [PMID: 30013576 PMCID: PMC6036787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins (SPs)-A and -D are C-type lectins of the collectin family and function in the clearance of infectious particles in the lungs. Some polymorphisms of SPs that give rise to amino acid changes have been found to affect their function. Several SP-A gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with respiratory infection diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB). However, the relationship between surfactant proteins D (SP-D) polymorphisms and TB is still unclear. To study the associations between SP-D polymorphisms and TB, the correlations of SP-D polymorphisms with TB were examined in a case-control study, which included 364 patients with TB and 177 control subjects. In addition, we cloned two major SP-D exonic polymorphism C92T (rs721917) and A538G (rs2243639) constructs and used these for in vitro assays. The effects of SP-D polymorphisms on agglutination and other interactions with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (M. bovis BCG) were evaluated. In comparison with SP-D 92C (amino acid residue 16, Threonine), our results showed that SP-D 92T (amino acid residue 16, Methionine) had a lower binding ability to M. bovis BCG, a lower capacity to inhibit phagocytosis, lesser aggregation, poorer survival of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-infected MH-S cells, and less inhibition of intracellular growth of M. bovis BCG. The case-control association study showed that the 92T homozygous genotype was a risk factor for TB. However, a lesser effect was seen for polymorphism A538G. In conclusion, the results of functional and genetic analyses of SP-D variants consistently showed that the SP-D 92T variant increased susceptibility to TB, which further confirmed the role of SP-D in pulmonary innate immunity against mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Hsi Hsieh
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Ou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fang Kao
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research (ACIR) Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Lee
- Chest Medicine, General Taoyuan Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Respiratory Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lawrence S H Wu
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research (ACIR) Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Zaki H, Gasmelseed N, Abdalla B, Yip S. Association of toll-like receptor 2 polymorphisms with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in Sudanese. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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21
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Zarifi Roodposhti S, Motalleb G, Nikokar I. Rs4073 single nucleotide polymorphism of interleukin-8 (CXCL8/IL-8) and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in Gilan, Northern Iran. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Shamaei M, Esmaeili S, Marjani M, Tabarsi P. Implementing Tuberculosis Close-contact Investigation in a Tertiary Hospital in Iran. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:48. [PMID: 29899886 PMCID: PMC5981226 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Close contact investigation is the essential key in tuberculosis (TB) case finding and an effective strategy for TB control program within any society. Methods In this prospective study, 1186 close family contacts of hospitalized TB patients (index) in a referral TB hospital in Tehran-Iran were passively studied. These people were studied to rollout TB infection and disease. Demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory data of these individuals were reviewed and summarized for analysis. Results A total of 886 (74.4%) close-family contacts completed their investigation. The index TB patients of these individuals were sputum smear negative for acid-fast bacilli in 137 cases (11.6%) and the rest were smear positive. A total of 610 (68.8%) close-family contact ruled out for TB infection or disease (Group I). A total of 244 cases (27.5%) had latent TB infection (Group II) and active TB (Group III) was confirmed in 32 cases (3.6%). A significant difference was shown for female gender, signs and symptoms, family size, and positive radiological finding between Group I and Group II. The study of index parameter including positive sputum smear/culture did not reveal any significant difference, but positive cavitary lesion significantly more has seen in active TB group (P = 0.004). Conclusions This study emphasizes on sign and symptoms and radiological finding in TB contact investigation, where index parameters including positive smear/culture, does not implicate any priority. Although cavitary lesions in index patient have more accompanied by active TB, close contact study should include all of TB indexes. This investigation should include chest radiography for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Shamaei
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Esmaeili
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Marjani
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Mekonnen E, Bekele E, Stein CM. Novel polymorphisms in TICAM2 and NOD1 associated with tuberculosis progression phenotypes in Ethiopian populations. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom 2018; 3:e1. [PMID: 29868226 PMCID: PMC5870410 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2017.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a necessary but not sufficient cause for tuberculosis (TB). Although numerous studies suggest human genetic variation may influence TB pathogenesis, there is a conspicuous lack of replication, likely due to imprecise phenotype definition. We aimed to replicate novel findings from a Ugandan cohort in Ethiopian populations. METHOD We ascertained TB cases and household controls (n = 292) from three different ethnic groups. Latent Mtb infection was determined using Quantiferon to develop reliable TB progression phenotypes. We sequenced exonic regions of TICAM2 and NOD1. RESULT Significant novel associations were observed between two variants in NOD1 and TB: rs751770147 [unadjusted p = 7.28 × 10-5] and chr7:30477156(T), a novel variant, [unadjusted p = 1.04 × 10-4]. Two SNPs in TICAM2 were nominally associated with TB, including rs2288384 [unadjusted p = 0.003]. Haplotype-based association tests supported the SNP-based results. CONCLUSION We replicated the association of TICAM2 and NOD1 with TB and identified novel genetic associations with TB in Ethiopian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Mekonnen
- Microbial, Cellular, Molecular Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box:17087, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Health Biotechnology Department, Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box:17087, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - E. Bekele
- Microbial, Cellular, Molecular Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - C. M. Stein
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Center for Proteomics & Bioinformatics, and Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, USA
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24
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Qrafli M, Asekkaj I, Bourkadi JE, El Aouad R, Sadki K. New variant identified in major susceptibility locus to tuberculosis on chromosomal region 8q12-q13 in Moroccan population: a case control study. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:712. [PMID: 29115933 PMCID: PMC5674759 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem. Several studies have implicated genetic host factors in predisposing populations to TB disease. In this study, we have selected NSMAF (Neutral Sphingomyelinase Activation Associated Factor) as a candidate gene to evaluate its level of association with TB disease in a Moroccan population for two reasons: first, this gene is located in a major susceptibility locus on chromosomal region 8q12-q13 in the Moroccan population, closely linked to the CYP7A1 gene, which was previously shown to be associated with TB disease; second, NSMAF has an important role in immune system function. Methods We conducted a case-control study including 269 genomic DNA samples extracted from pulmonary TB (PTB) patients and healthy controls (HC). We genotyped three selected SNPs (rs2228505, rs36067275 and rs10505004) using TaqMan® allelic discrimination assays. Results Only the rs1050504 C > T genotype was observed to be significantly associated with an increased risk for developing pulmonary TB (41.8% vs 27%, OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.16–3.27; p = 0.01). In contrast, the TT genotype was significantly associated with resistance to PTB (4.1% vs 15.6%, OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08–0.63; p = 0.002). Conclusion Our findings suggest that genetic variations in the NSMAF gene could modulate the risk of PTB development in a Moroccan population. Further functional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Qrafli
- Physiopathology Team, Immunogenetics and Bioinformatics Unit, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Imane Asekkaj
- Physiopathology Team, Immunogenetics and Bioinformatics Unit, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jamal Eddine Bourkadi
- Pneumo-Phtisiology Department, Moulay Youssef Hospital, CHU of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rajae El Aouad
- Académie Hassan II des Sciences et Techniques, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Sadki
- Physiopathology Team, Immunogenetics and Bioinformatics Unit, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
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Qrafli M, Najimi M, Elaouad R, Sadki K. Current immunogenetic predisposition to tuberculosis in the Moroccan population. Int J Immunogenet 2017; 44:286-304. [PMID: 29057608 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease that kills approximately two million people per year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Numerous genetic epidemiology studies have been conducted of many ethnic groups worldwide and have highlighted the critical impact of the genetic environment on TB distribution. Many candidate genes associated with resistance or susceptibility to TB have been identified. In Morocco, where TB is still a major public health problem, various observations of clinical, microbiological and incidence distribution are heavily affected by genetic background and external environment. Morocco has almost the same clinical profile as do other North African countries, mainly the increase in more extrapulmonary than pulmonary forms of the diseases, when compared to European, Asian or American populations. In addition, a linkage analysis study that examined Moroccan TB patients identified a unique chromosome region that had a strong association with the risk of contracting TB. Other genes in the Moroccan population that were found to be associated seem to be involved predominantly in modulating the innate immunity. In this review, we appraise the major candidate genes that have been reported in Moroccan immunogenetic studies and discuss their updated role in TB, particularly during the first phase of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Qrafli
- Physiopathology Team, Immunogenomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Elaouad
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - K Sadki
- Physiopathology Team, Immunogenomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Vani
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R.M. Pitchappan
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li J, Zhou Y, Zhang H, He D, Zhang R, Li Y, Guo C, Guo Q, Wang L, Yang G, Gao Q. Association of IFNG gene polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis but not with spinal tuberculosis in a Chinese Han population. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:238-243. [PMID: 28867622 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal tuberculosis (STB) is an extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which accounts for around 2% of all TB cases and can lead to spine degeneration. It is widely accepted that host genetic factors participate in the pathogenesis of active TB, but the factors controlling which TB form will manifest after Mtb infection remain unknown. We hypothesized that a genetic difference may exist between the development of STB and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Here, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFNG gene (rs2069718), IRGM gene (rs10065172), and MBL2 gene (rs11003125) were genotyped among 183 PTB patients, 177 STB patients, and 360 healthy controls from the Chinese Han population. We found that rs2069718 genotypes were significantly associated with PTB (TT, p = 0.007; CT, p = 0.008) but not STB, and the TT genotype (p = 0.046) of rs2069718 were less common in PTB than in STB. In contrast, neither PTB nor STB were found to be associated with rs10065172 and rs11003125. Overall, we found a difference in the rs2069718 genetic distribution between the STB and PTB patients in a Chinese Han population. The rs2069718 TT genotype was associated with a protective role in PTB but not STB development during active Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan He
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongmou Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofeng Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjie Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanteng Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qile Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.
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Kinnear C, Hoal EG, Schurz H, van Helden PD, Möller M. The role of human host genetics in tuberculosis resistance. Expert Rev Respir Med 2017; 11:721-737. [PMID: 28703045 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2017.1354700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem: the latest estimate of new incident cases per year is a staggering 10.4 million. Despite this overwhelming number, the majority of the immunocompetent population can control infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The human genome underlies the immune response and contributes to the outcome of TB infection. Areas covered: Investigations of TB resistance in the general population have closely mirrored those of other infectious diseases and initially involved epidemiological observations. Linkage and association studies, including studies of VDR, SLC11A1 and HLA-DRB1 followed. Genome-wide association studies of common variants, not necessarily sufficient for disease, became possible after technological advancements. Other approaches involved the identification of those individuals with rare disease-causing mutations that strongly predispose to TB, epistasis and the role of ethnicity in disease. Despite these efforts, infection outcome, on an individual basis, cannot yet be predicted. Expert commentary: The early identification of future disease progressors is necessary to stem the TB epidemic. Human genetics may contribute to this endeavour and could in future suggest pathways to target for disease prevention. This will however require concerted efforts to establish large, well-phenotyped cohorts from different ethnicities, improved genomic resources and a better understanding of the human genome architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Kinnear
- a SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Eileen G Hoal
- a SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Haiko Schurz
- a SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Paul D van Helden
- a SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- a SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa
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WITHDRAWN: Rs4073 single nucleotide polymorphism of interleukin-8 (CXCL8/IL-8) and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in Gilan, northern Iran. GENE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bhat J, Rao VG, Sharma RK, Muniyandi M, Yadav R, Bhondley MK. Investigation of the risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis: A case-control study among Saharia tribe in Gwalior district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Indian J Med Res 2017; 146:97-104. [PMID: 29168465 PMCID: PMC5719614 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1029_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is known to be high in the indigenous tribal community Saharia in Madhya Pradesh, India. The risk factors for PTB are not well known among them. This study was done to determine various risk factors associated with PTB in the indigenous community Saharia. METHODS A prevalence survey was conducted among Saharias of Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh. The population surveyed was 12,123 which was the source of cases and controls for the present study. All the bacillary-positive cases and controls in the ratio of 1:5 were included in the survey. Data were collected by the trained health workers from the patients and controls using a semi-structured pre-coded and pre-tested questionnaire which included data on risk factors including demographic factors, host-related factors and household factors. The individuals were also screened for diabetes mellitus and HIV. RESULTS Malnutrition and history of asthma were associated with an increased risk of PTB. More than 56 per cent cases were attributed to malnutrition and 12 per cent attributed to asthma. Low family income, alcohol consumption and smoking were the other contributors. The risk was higher in males as compared to females. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS The study emphasized that the main contributors were social factors. Nutrition supplementation, especially in tuberculosis (TB) patients and integrated approach to improve their living conditions are needed to control TB in this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Bhat
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute for Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - V. G. Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, National Institute for Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - R. K. Sharma
- Department of Social Sciences, National Institute for Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - M. Muniyandi
- Department of Social and behavioural research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Rajiv Yadav
- Department of Genetics, National Institute for Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - M K. Bhondley
- Department of Community Medicine, National Institute for Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
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Zheng X, Li T, Chen Y, Pan H, Zhang Z, Dai Y, Wang J. Genetic polymorphisms of the P2X7 gene associated with susceptibility to and prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 53:24-29. [PMID: 28495473 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this population-based case control study, we recruited 1601 pulmonary tuberculosis cases and 1526 healthy controls, aiming to investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of the P2X7 gene with the susceptibility to and prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a Chinese Han population. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2X7 gene were genotyped. The odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) together with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimated the effect of genetic polymorphisms on the disease. After correction for multiple comparisons, the SNP rs1718119 remained significant. The allele A of rs1718119 was related to a reduced risk for all active tuberculosis (OR for each additional allele A: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69-0.94) and sputum smear-positive cases (OR for each additional allele A: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66-0.93). The effects of these genetic variations were more evident among smokers. Survival analysis showed a weak association between rs7958311 and treatment outcome, where each additional allele A of the SNP rs7958311 contributed to a 59% increase in the probability of a successful treatment outcome (adjusted RR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.05-2.40, P=0.028); but it wasn't significant after the Bonferroni correction. We demonstrated that genetic variations of the P2X7 gene might be involved in the risk and prognosis of human tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tiecheng Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, the Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Yongzhong Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, the Third Hospital of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang 212005, China
| | - Hongqiu Pan
- Department of Tuberculosis, the Third Hospital of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang 212005, China
| | - Zhihai Zhang
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Yaoyao Dai
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Uren C, Henn BM, Franke A, Wittig M, van Helden PD, Hoal EG, Möller M. A post-GWAS analysis of predicted regulatory variants and tuberculosis susceptibility. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174738. [PMID: 28384278 PMCID: PMC5383035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilizing data from published tuberculosis (TB) genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we use a bioinformatics pipeline to detect all polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with variants previously implicated in TB disease susceptibility. The probability that these variants had a predicted regulatory function was estimated using RegulomeDB and Ensembl's Variant Effect Predictor. Subsequent genotyping of these 133 predicted regulatory polymorphisms was performed in 400 admixed South African TB cases and 366 healthy controls in a population-based case-control association study to fine-map the causal variant. We detected associations between tuberculosis susceptibility and six intronic polymorphisms located in MARCO, IFNGR2, ASHAS2, ACACA, NISCH and TLR10. Our post-GWAS approach demonstrates the feasibility of combining multiple TB GWAS datasets with linkage information to identify regulatory variants associated with this infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Uren
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brenna M. Henn
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Wittig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul D. van Helden
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eileen G. Hoal
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Pharmacogenomic implications of the evolutionary history of infectious diseases in Africa. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 17:112-120. [PMID: 27779243 PMCID: PMC5380847 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As the common birthplace of all human populations, modern humans have lived longer on the African continent than in any other geographical region of the world. This long history, along with the evolutionary need to adapt to environmental challenges such as exposure to infectious agents, has led to greater genetic variation in Africans. The vast genetic variation in Africans also extends to genes involved in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of pharmaceuticals. Ongoing cataloging of these clinically relevant variants reveals huge allele-frequency differences within and between African populations. Here, we examine Africa's large burden of infectious disease, discuss key examples of known genetic variation modulating disease risk, and provide examples of clinically relevant variants critical for establishing dosing guidelines. We propose that a more systematic characterization of the genetic diversity of African ancestry populations is required if the current benefits of precision medicine are to be extended to these populations.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Familial risk of tuberculosis (TB) has been recognized for centuries. Largely through studies of mono- and dizygotic twin concordance rates, studies of families with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, and candidate gene studies performed in the 20th century, it was recognized that susceptibility to TB disease has a substantial host genetic component. Limitations in candidate gene studies and early linkage studies made the robust identification of specific loci associated with disease challenging, and few loci have been convincingly associated across multiple populations. Genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies, based on microarray (commonly known as genechip) technologies, conducted in the past decade have helped shed some light on pathogenesis but only a handful of new pathways have been identified. This apparent paradox, of high heritability but few replicable associations, has spurred a new wave of collaborative global studies. This review aims to comprehensively review the heritability of TB, critically review the host genetic and transcriptomic correlates of disease, and highlight current studies and future prospects in the study of host genomics in TB. An implicit goal of elucidating host genetic correlates of susceptibility to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection or TB disease is to identify pathophysiological features amenable to translation to new preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic interventions. The translation of genomic insights into new clinical tools is therefore also discussed.
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The genetics of susceptibility to tuberculosis: Progress and challenges. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ebonyi AO, Oguche S, Ejeliogu EU, Agbaji OO, Shehu NY, Abah IO, Sagay AS, Ugoagwu PO, Okonkwo PI, Idoko JA, Kanki PJ. Prevalence of and risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected Nigerian children. Germs 2016; 6:21-8. [PMID: 27019829 DOI: 10.11599/germs.2016.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies on the prevalence of and risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce and in Nigeria there is paucity of reported data. We determined the prevalence of and risk factors for pulmonary TB (PTB) in newly diagnosed (treatment-naïve) HIV-1 infected children at the pediatric HIV clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) in Nigeria. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 876 children, aged 2 months - 13 years, diagnosed with HIV-1 infection between July 2005 and December 2012, of which 286 were diagnosed with PTB at presentation after TB screening. The study site was the AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN)-supported Pediatric HIV clinic at JUTH, Jos. A multivariate forward logistic regression modelling was used to identify risk factors for PTB-HIV co-infection. RESULTS The prevalence of PTB-HIV co-infection was 32% (286/876). Severe immunosuppression (SI) and World Health Organization (WHO) HIV clinical stage 3/4 were identified as independent risk factors for PTB-HIV co-infection in HIV infected children. The odds of PTB-HIV co-infection was increased two-fold in HIV-infected children with WHO clinical stage 3/4 compared to those with stage 1/2 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.76 [1.31-2.37], p<0.001) and 1.5-fold in children with SI compared to those without SI (AOR 1.52 [1.12-2.06], p=0.007). CONCLUSION In our setting, the burden of PTB was high among newly diagnosed HIV-infected children, and late WHO HIV clinical stage and severe immunosuppression were associated with PTB-HIV co-infection. Therefore there is a clear need to improve strategies for early diagnosis of both HIV and PTB to optimize clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine O Ebonyi
- MBBS, MSc, Department of Pediatrics, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Oguche
- BM. Bch, Department of Pediatrics, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Emeka U Ejeliogu
- MBBS, Department of Pediatrics, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Oche O Agbaji
- MBBS, Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Nathan Y Shehu
- MBBS, Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Isaac O Abah
- BPharm, MSc, Pharmacy Department, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Atiene S Sagay
- BSc, MBChB, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Jos/ Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Placid O Ugoagwu
- BSc, MSc, AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN), Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Prosper I Okonkwo
- MBBS, AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN) Ltd. Gte, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - John A Idoko
- MBBS, National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Phyllis J Kanki
- DVM, SD, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Wamala D, Buteme HK, Kirimunda S, Kallenius G, Joloba M. Association between human leukocyte antigen class II and pulmonary tuberculosis due to mycobacterium tuberculosis in Uganda. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:23. [PMID: 26803588 PMCID: PMC4724396 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is reported to infect about a third of the world's population but only 10% are thought to develop active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Host immunity regulated by human leukocyte antigens (HLA) is an important determinant of the outcome of the disease. Here we investigate HLA class II gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to TB, and whether particular HLA class II alleles were associated with TB in Uganda. METHODS HIV negative patients with pulmonary TB (n = 43) and genetically related healthy household controls (n = 42) were typed for their HLA II class alleles using polymerase chain reaction sequence specific primer amplification. RESULTS The HLA-DQB1*03:03 allele was significantly less frequent in patients compared to healthy controls (10% in controls versus 0% in patients, p = 0.003). After correction for multiple comparisons the difference remained significant (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the HLA-DQB1*03:03 allele may be associated with resistance to TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wamala
- Department of Pathology, Mulago Hospital and Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. .,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Helen Koyokoyo Buteme
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Samuel Kirimunda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gunilla Kallenius
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moses Joloba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Network Analysis of Human Genes Influencing Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Infections. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146585. [PMID: 26751573 PMCID: PMC4713433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections constitute a high burden of pulmonary disease in humans, resulting in over 1.5 million deaths per year. Building on the premise that genetic factors influence the instance, progression, and defense of infectious disease, we undertook a systems biology approach to investigate relationships among genetic factors that may play a role in increased susceptibility or control of mycobacterial infections. We combined literature and database mining with network analysis and pathway enrichment analysis to examine genes, pathways, and networks, involved in the human response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. This approach allowed us to examine functional relationships among reported genes, and to identify novel genes and enriched pathways that may play a role in mycobacterial susceptibility or control. Our findings suggest that the primary pathways and genes influencing mycobacterial infection control involve an interplay between innate and adaptive immune proteins and pathways. Signaling pathways involved in autoimmune disease were significantly enriched as revealed in our networks. Mycobacterial disease susceptibility networks were also examined within the context of gene-chemical relationships, in order to identify putative drugs and nutrients with potential beneficial immunomodulatory or anti-mycobacterial effects.
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Hu CY, Zhang XA, Meyer CG, Thye T, Liu W, Cao WC. Polymorphism of X-linked CD40 ligand gene associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Han Chinese population. Genes Immun 2015; 16:399-404. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bulat-Kardum LJ, Etokebe GE, Lederer P, Balen S, Dembic Z. Genetic Polymorphisms in the Toll-like Receptor 10, Interleukin (IL)17A and IL17F Genes Differently Affect the Risk for Tuberculosis in Croatian Population. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:63-9. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Bulat-Kardum
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory; Department of Oral Biology; Dental Faculty; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Pulmology; Clinic for Internal Medicine; Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka; School of Medicine; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | - G. E. Etokebe
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory; Department of Oral Biology; Dental Faculty; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - P. Lederer
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory; Department of Oral Biology; Dental Faculty; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - S. Balen
- Clinical Institute for Transfusion Medicine; Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka; School of Medicine; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Z. Dembic
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory; Department of Oral Biology; Dental Faculty; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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Gao X, Chen J, Tong Z, Yang G, Yao Y, Xu F, Zhou J. Interleukin-10 promoter gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127496. [PMID: 26030829 PMCID: PMC4452516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As an update to other recent meta-analyses, the purpose of this study was to explore whether interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms and their haplotypes contribute to tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. Methods We searched for published case-control studies examining IL-10 polymorphisms and TB in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Wanfang databases and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the strengths of the associations. Results A total of 28 studies comprising 8,242 TB patients and 9,666 controls were included in the present study. There were no significant associations between the -1082G/A, -819C/T, and -592A/C polymorphisms and TB in the pooled samples. Subgroup analyses revealed that the -819T allele was associated with an increased TB risk in Asians in all genetic models (T vs. C: OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.05-1.29, P=0.003; TT vs. CC: OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.09-1.72, P=0.006; CT+TT vs. CC: OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.09-1.63, P=0.006; TT vs. CT+CC: OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.02-1.35, P=0.03) and that the -592A/C polymorphism was significantly associated with TB in Europeans under two genetic models (A vs. C: OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.60-0.98, P=0.03; AA vs. CC: OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.30-0.95, P=0.03). Furthermore, the GCC IL-10 promoter haplotype was associated with an increased risk of TB (GCC vs. others: P=1.42, 95% CI=1.02-1.97, P=0.04). Subgroup analyses based on ethnicity revealed that the GCC haplotype was associated with a higher risk of TB in Europeans, whereas the ACC haplotype was associated with a lower TB risk in both Asians and Europeans. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that the IL-10-819T/C polymorphism is associated with the risk of TB in Asians and that the IL-10-592A/C polymorphism may be a risk factor for TB in Europeans. Furthermore, these data indicate that IL-10 promoter haplotypes play a vital role in the susceptibility to or protection against the development of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
| | - Zhongkai Tong
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
| | - Guangdie Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) polymorphisms and expression are associated with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:497-504. [PMID: 25937126 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem and host genetic factors play a critical role in susceptibility and resistance to TB. The aim of this study was to identify novel candidate genes associated with TB susceptibility. We performed a population-based case-control study to genotype 13 tag SNPs spanning Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3), colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), IL-4, interferon beta 1 (IFNB1), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14) and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88) genes in 435 pulmonary TB patients and 375 health donors from China. We observed that EBI3 gene rs4740 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and the allele G was associated with a protective effect against PTB. Furthermore, EBI3 deficiency led to reduced bacterial burden and histopathological impairment in the lung of mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Meanwhile, higher abundance of EBI3 was observed in the granuloma of PTB patients and in the lung tissue of BCG-infected mice. Of note, the expression of EBI3 in macrophages was remarkably induced by mycobacteria infection at both mRNA and protein level. In conclusion, EBI3 gene rs4740 polymorphism is closely associated with susceptibility to PTB and the elevation and enrichment of EBI3 in the lung which at least partially derived from macrophages may contribute to the exacerbation of mycobacterial infection.
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Abstract
Mycobacterial infections can cause a variety of different manifestations. The increasing incidence of these infections worldwide brought another medical dilemma: immunological manifestations characterized by the presence of many autoantibodies and concomitant presence of autoimmune diseases. The burden of tuberculosis reactivation that emerged with immunosuppressive therapy worsened with the growing use of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). This review will address the relationship between the immune system and mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Machado Ribeiro
- Department of Rheumatology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T Goldenberg
- Department of Pneumology/ENSP-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, Brazil
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Daya M, van der Merwe L, Gignoux CR, van Helden PD, Möller M, Hoal EG. Using multi-way admixture mapping to elucidate TB susceptibility in the South African Coloured population. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1021. [PMID: 25422094 PMCID: PMC4256931 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The admixed South African Coloured population is ideally suited to the discovery of tuberculosis susceptibility genetic variants and their probable ethnic origins, but previous attempts at finding such variants using genome-wide admixture mapping were hampered by the inaccuracy of local ancestry inference. In this study, we infer local ancestry using the novel algorithm implemented in RFMix, with the emphasis on identifying regions of excess San or Bantu ancestry, which we hypothesize may harbour TB susceptibility genes. Results Using simulated data, we demonstrate reasonable accuracy of local ancestry inference by RFMix, with a tendency towards miss-calling San ancestry as Bantu. Regions with either excess San ancestry or excess African (San or Bantu) ancestry are less likely to be affected by this bias, and we therefore proceeded to identify such regions, found in cases but not in controls (642 cases and 91 controls). A number of promising regions were found (overall p-values of 7.19×10-5 for San ancestry and <2.00×10-16 for African ancestry), including chromosomes 15q15 and 17q22, which are close to genomic regions previously implicated in TB. Promising immune-related susceptibility genes such as the GADD45A, OSM and B7-H5 genes are also harboured in the identified regions. Conclusion Admixture mapping is feasible in the South African Coloured population and a number of novel TB susceptibility genomic regions were uncovered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1021) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eileen G Hoal
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for TB Research and the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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Meyer CG, Thye T. Host genetic studies in adult pulmonary tuberculosis. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:445-53. [PMID: 25307123 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Early observations, candidate gene studies and, more recently, genome-wide association studies have shown that susceptibility to tuberculosis has a host genetic component. Because the value of candidate gene studies has been doubted due to major limitations such as lack of sufficient power and small study groups, lack of reproducibility in independent groups and, often, ambiguous or even contrasting results in attempts of replication, much hope and expectancy has been put on the progress the genome-wide association approach has created. However, much less than initially expected became clear by the results obtained in genome-wide studies, emphasizing the need of increasing sample sizes, e.g. through meta-analyses, and of increasing the density of genetic variants studied across the human genome. A further reason why a rather low number of associated genetic variants were identified to date in infectious diseases in general and tuberculosis in particular might be the fact that selection acts strongly in diseases that affect the reproductive success. As in most genome-wide association studies performed so far, significant signals, often most likely surrogate marker only, have been found in non-coding regions of genomes, the identification of truly causative genetic variation and of the functionality of associated factors needs urgent attention. In the following we briefly discuss genetic studies in tuberculosis and describe new technologies that are currently employed in the search for responsible genetic elements involved in tuberculosis susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Meyer
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Thye
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
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Mboowa G. Genetics of Sub-Saharan African Human Population: Implications for HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2014; 2014:108291. [PMID: 25202468 PMCID: PMC4151494 DOI: 10.1155/2014/108291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa has continued leading in prevalence and incidence of major infectious disease killers such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. Epidemiological triad of infectious diseases includes susceptible host, pathogen, and environment. It is imperative that all aspects of vertices of the infectious disease triad are analysed to better understand why this is so. Studies done to address this intriguing reality though have mainly addressed pathogen and environmental components of the triad. Africa is the most genetically diverse region of the world as well as being the origin of modern humans. Malaria is relatively an ancient infection in this region as compared to TB and HIV/AIDS; from the evolutionary perspective, we would draw lessons that this ancestrally unique population now under three important infectious diseases both ancient and exotic will be skewed into increased genetic diversity; moreover, other evolutionary forces are also still at play. Host genetic diversity resulting from many years of malaria infection has been well documented in this population; we are yet to account for genetic diversity from the trio of these infections. Effect of host genetics on treatment outcome has been documented. Host genetics of sub-Saharan African population and its implication to infectious diseases are an important aspect that this review seeks to address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Mboowa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- School of Allied Health Sciences, International Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 7782, Kampala, Uganda
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Etokebe GE, Bulat-Kardum L, Munthe LA, Balen S, Dembic Z. Association of variable number of tandem repeats in the coding region of the FAM46A gene, FAM46A rs11040 SNP and BAG6 rs3117582 SNP with susceptibility to tuberculosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91385. [PMID: 24625963 PMCID: PMC3953334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed for association between the Family with sequence similarity 46, member A (FAM46A) gene (located on chromosome 6q14.1), BCL2-Associated Athanogene 6 (BAG6) gene (located on chromosome 6p21.3) and tuberculosis in Croatian Caucasian. We genotyped the FAM46A rs11040 SNP, FAM46A VNTR and BAG6 rs3117582 polymorphisms in a case-control study with 257 tuberculosis patients and 493 healthy individuals in a Croatian Caucasian population. We found that genotype FAM46A 3/3 (three VNTR repeats homozygote) was associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis (p<0.0015, Pcorr.<0.029, Odds ratio = 2.42, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.34–4.3). This association suggests that the protein domain encoded by the VNTR might be important for the function of the FAM46A protein, which, in turn, could be relevant in developing tuberculosis. In addition, we found that FAM46A rs11040 SNP:FAM46A VNTR:BAG6 haplotype 132 (G-3-C) is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis (p<0.012, pcorr.<0.024, Odds ratio 3.45, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.26–9.74). This may suggests that the interaction between the FAM46A and BAG6 proteins may be involved in tuberculosis etiology. We found also that infection of human macrophages with heat-killed M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) led to over-expression of FAM46A (VNTR 3/4) transcript. This is the first study to show associations between the FAM46A gene VNTR polymorphisms, FAM46A rs11040 SNP:FAM46A VNTR:BAG6 haplotypes and any disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Essien Etokebe
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Ljiljana Bulat-Kardum
- Section of Pulmology, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Sanja Balen
- Clinical Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Universal Hospital Center Rijeka, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Dembic
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Association of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Lineages with IFN-γ and TNF-α Gene Polymorphisms among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patient. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2014; 6:e2014015. [PMID: 24678392 PMCID: PMC3965727 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2014.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The six major lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis [MTB] are found to be strongly associated with specific geographical outbreaks. But whether these bacterial lineages influence the host genetic polymorphism is uncertain. The present study was designed to evaluate the relevance of strain diversity and host genetic polymorphisms in susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis [PTB]. For this reason, single –nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in interferon- γ [IFN-γ] receptor-1[G-611A], IFNG [G+ 2109A] and tumor necrosis factors [TNF-α] genes [at −238, 308,−857position] in patients [n=151] were analyzed and compared with controls [n=83]. The genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis isolates was performed using spacer oligonucleotide typing. Thereafter, the profile of IFN-γ and TNF-α allele frequency were investigated in each subtype of M.tuberculosis. The results showed C allele of TNF 857 and A allele of TNF 238 were more frequent in PTB cases [[TNF 857 C allele OR [CI95%] 0.6[0.4–0.9], p= 0.02] for TNF 238 A allele OR [CI95%] 5.5[3.4–9.0], p= 0.00]]. Similarly, G allele in IFNG+ 2109 A/G polymorphism were significantly more in patients than control subject[OR[CI95%] 0.3; p< 0.05]. The major identified clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis were EAI[42; 27.8% ], Haarlem[ 31; 20.5% ], CAS [ 23;15.2% ], Beijing[14; 9.2%], and T [11; 7.2% ] lineages. No correction was observed between strains diversity and frequency of SNPs in studied PTB cases. In conclusions, we exclude the possibility of genetic mutation in IFN-γ and TNF-α gene by different subtypes of M. tuberculosis. Although, our results supports a positive correlation between host SNPs and susceptibility to PTB.
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Akanbi MO, Achenbach CJ, Feinglass J, Taiwo B, Onu A, Pho MT, Agbaji O, Kanki P, Murphy RL. Tuberculosis after one year of combination antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria: a retrospective cohort study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2013; 29:931-7. [PMID: 23316724 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2012.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to determine tuberculosis (TB) incidence and evaluate TB risk in adults after one or more years of use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) through a retrospective cohort study in Jos, Nigeria. We studied a cohort of HIV-infected adults treated with ART for at least 1 year. Based on immunologic and virologic responses to ART, patients were categorized into four groups: CD4 T cell count ≥350 cells/mm(3) and HIV-1 RNA level ≤400 copies/ml (group 1), CD4 T cell count ≥350 cells/mm(3) and HIV-1 RNA level >400 copies/ml (group 2), CD4 T cell count <350 cells/mm(3) and HIV-1 RNA level ≤400 copies/ml (group 3), and CD4 T cell count <350 cells/mm(3) and HIV-1 RNA level >400 copies/ml (group 4). Time to incident TB for the four groups was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression models were used to evaluate predictors of incident TB. In this cohort of 5,093 HIV-infected adults, of which 68.4% were female, with a mean age 35.1 years (standard deviation 9.1 years), we observed 98 cases of incident TB during 4 years and 3 months of follow-up. The overall TB incidence rate was 8.7 cases/1,000 patient-years of follow-up. Adjusted hazards for incident TB were 2.11 (95% CI 0.97-4.61), 2.05 (95% CI 1.10-3.79), and 3.65 (95% CI 1.15-5.06) in group 2, 3, and 4 patients, respectively, compared to group 1. Tuberculosis incidence in patients on ART is driven by poor immunologic and/or virologic response. Optimization of HIV treatment should be prioritized to reduce the burden of TB in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell O. Akanbi
- APIN Center, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
- University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Chad J. Achenbach
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joe Feinglass
- Division of General Internal Medicine and the Institute of Healthcare Studies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Babafemi Taiwo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Adamu Onu
- APIN Center, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Mai T. Pho
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hospital Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Oche Agbaji
- APIN Center, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
- University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Phyllis Kanki
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert L. Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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da Cruz HLA, da Silva RC, Segat L, de Carvalho MSZDMG, Brandão LAC, Guimarães RL, Santos FCF, de Lira LAS, Montenegro LML, Schindler HC, Crovella S. MBL2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in a northeastern Brazilian population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 19:323-9. [PMID: 23524205 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system represents the first line of host defense against pathogens. Genetics factors regulating the immune responses play a role in the susceptibility to infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB). We analyzed MBL2 promoter and exon 1 functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a group of 155TB patients and 148 healthy controls in order to evaluate their influence on the onset of infection and TB development. There was no association between MBL2 -550 HL promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility to develop TB, but heterozygous -221 Y/X genotype was significantly more frequent in pulmonary TB patients than controls. Moreover, MBL2 exon 1 O allele, was significantly associated with susceptibility to TB development in general (p=0.023, OR=1.61, 95% CI 1.05-2.49) and pulmonary TB (p=0.0008, OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.35-3.46); C allele at codon 57, as well as A/C genotype, were significantly more frequent in TB patients than in controls. Our results indicate that MBL2 polymorphisms, especially at codon 57, could be considered as risk factors for TB development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Lacerda Alves da Cruz
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center-CPqAM/FIOCRUZ, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n°, CEP 50.670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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