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Folayan MO, Ayouni I, Nguweneza A, Al-Batayneh OB, Virtanen JI, Gaffar B, Duangthip D, Sun IGF, Onyejaka NK, Daryanavard H, Mfolo T, Feldens CA, Schroth RJ, Tantawi ME. A scoping review on the links between sustainable development goal 14 and early childhood caries. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:881. [PMID: 37980519 PMCID: PMC10657611 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 addresses life below the waters, an important source of protein and contributor to global food security and economic development. Our aim was to explore possible evidence on the links between life below water and early childhood caries (ECC). METHODS This scoping review identified articles on the link between life below water and caries according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were systematically searched in January 2023, using specific search terms. Studies written in English, with full text available, addressing life under water, focusing on dental caries in humans, with results that can be extrapolated to control ECC in children less than 6 years of age were included in the review. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the retrieved papers and graphical presentation was used for visualization. RESULTS There were 224 publications retrieved of which 13 studies, published between 1960 and 2022, were included in the analysis. The papers originated from Asia (7/13), North America (3/13), Europe (1/13), and 2/13 had multi-country authorship. Also, four laboratory studies extracted agents from marine products to determine their efficacy in preventing caries formation and preventing/slowing plaque formation; four letters discussed the caries prevention potential of sea salt as a source of fluoride; and two review articles about the positive effects of extracted marine products for caries prevention. Most (11/13) studies addressed target 14.1 concerned with enriching the marine environment with nutrients and minerals; two addressed target 14.4 focused on ensuring fish stocks are within biologically sustainable levels; two addressed target 14.7 aimed at increasing the economic benefits through sustainable use of marine resources such as fisheries; and one focused on target 14.5 aimed at conserving marine areas by increasing protected areas. In addition, one ecological study assessed the association between the ecosystem and ECC. CONCLUSIONS Currently, there is little known about the impact of protection of marine and coastal ecosystem from pollution and ocean acidification on the risk of ECC. Further evidence on possible associations between life below water and ECC management is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Imen Ayouni
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arthemon Nguweneza
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ola Barakat Al-Batayneh
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Preventive Dentistry Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duangporn Duangthip
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ivy Guo Fang Sun
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nneka Kate Onyejaka
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, South Africa
| | - Hamideh Daryanavard
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tshepiso Mfolo
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carlos A Feldens
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Luterana Do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Robert J Schroth
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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John T, Cordova KE, Jackson CT, Hernández-Mondragón AC, Davids BL, Raheja L, Milić JV, Borges J. Engaging Early-Career Scientists in Global Policy-Making. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217841. [PMID: 37377145 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Pressing global challenges, such as climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, or antibiotic resistance, require coordinated international responses guided by evidence-informed decisions. For this purpose, it is critical that scientists engage in providing insights during the decision-making process. However, the mechanisms for the engagement of scientists in policy-making are complex and vary internationally, which often poses significant challenges to their involvement. Herein, we address some of the mechanisms and barriers for scientists to engage in policy-making with a global perspective by early-career scientists. We highlight the importance of scientific academies, societies, universities, and early-career networks as stakeholders and how they can adapt their structures to actively contribute to shaping global policies, with representative examples from chemistry-related disciplines. We showcase the importance of raising awareness, providing resources and training, and leading discussions about connecting emerging scientists with global decision-makers to address societal challenges through policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten John
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kyle E Cordova
- Materials Discovery Research Unit, Advanced Research Centre, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, 11941, Jordan
| | - Christopher T Jackson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alma C Hernández-Mondragón
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bianca L Davids
- School of Chemistry, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Jovana V Milić
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - João Borges
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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3
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Cumming GS, Adamska M, Barnes ML, Barnett J, Bellwood DR, Cinner JE, Cohen PJ, Donelson JM, Fabricius K, Grafton RQ, Grech A, Gurney GG, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Hoey AS, Hoogenboom MO, Lau J, Lovelock CE, Lowe R, Miller DJ, Morrison TH, Mumby PJ, Nakata M, Pandolfi JM, Peterson GD, Pratchett MS, Ravasi T, Riginos C, Rummer JL, Schaffelke B, Wernberg T, Wilson SK. Research priorities for the sustainability of coral-rich western Pacific seascapes. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2023; 23:66. [PMID: 37125023 PMCID: PMC10119535 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nearly a billion people depend on tropical seascapes. The need to ensure sustainable use of these vital areas is recognised, as one of 17 policy commitments made by world leaders, in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 ('Life below Water') of the United Nations. SDG 14 seeks to secure marine sustainability by 2030. In a time of increasing social-ecological unpredictability and risk, scientists and policymakers working towards SDG 14 in the Asia-Pacific region need to know: (1) How are seascapes changing? (2) What can global society do about these changes? and (3) How can science and society together achieve sustainable seascape futures? Through a horizon scan, we identified nine emerging research priorities that clarify potential research contributions to marine sustainability in locations with high coral reef abundance. They include research on seascape geological and biological evolution and adaptation; elucidating drivers and mechanisms of change; understanding how seascape functions and services are produced, and how people depend on them; costs, benefits, and trade-offs to people in changing seascapes; improving seascape technologies and practices; learning to govern and manage seascapes for all; sustainable use, justice, and human well-being; bridging communities and epistemologies for innovative, equitable, and scale-crossing solutions; and informing resilient seascape futures through modelling and synthesis. Researchers can contribute to the sustainability of tropical seascapes by co-developing transdisciplinary understandings of people and ecosystems, emphasising the importance of equity and justice, and improving knowledge of key cross-scale and cross-level processes, feedbacks, and thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme S. Cumming
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Maja Adamska
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michele L. Barnes
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Jon Barnett
- School of Geography, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David R. Bellwood
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Joshua E. Cinner
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | | | - Jennifer M. Donelson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | | | - R. Quentin Grafton
- Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alana Grech
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Georgina G. Gurney
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Hoey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Mia O. Hoogenboom
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Lau
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Ryan Lowe
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David J. Miller
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - Tiffany H. Morrison
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin Nakata
- Indigenous Education and Research Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - John M. Pandolfi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Garry D. Peterson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgan S. Pratchett
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa Japan
| | - Cynthia Riginos
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jodie L. Rummer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Wernberg
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Floedevigen Research Station, Nis, Norway
| | - Shaun K. Wilson
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australia Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, Australia
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4
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Wood A, Queiroz C, Deutsch L, González-Mon B, Jonell M, Pereira L, Sinare H, Svedin U, Wassénius E. Reframing the local-global food systems debate through a resilience lens. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:22-29. [PMID: 37118580 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing knowledge that food system solutions should account for interactions and drivers across scales, broader societal debate on how to solve food system challenges is often focused on two dichotomous perspectives and associated solutions: either more localized food systems or greater global coordination of food systems. The debate has found problematic expressions in contemporary challenges, prompting us to revisit the role that resilience thinking can play when faced with complex crises that increase uncertainty. Here we identify four 'aching points' facing food systems that are central points of tension in the local-global debate. We apply the seven principles of resilience to these aching points to reframe the solution space to one that embeds resilience into food systems' management and governance at all scales, supporting transformative change towards sustainable food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Wood
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cibele Queiroz
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Resilience Partnership, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Deutsch
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Nordic Institute of Latin American Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Malin Jonell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Pereira
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Change Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hanna Sinare
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Uno Svedin
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmy Wassénius
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Carreras-Colom E, Cartes JE, Rodríguez-Romeu O, Padrós F, Solé M, Grelaud M, Ziveri P, Palet C, Soler-Membrives A, Carrassón M. Anthropogenic pollutants in Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the NW Mediterranean Sea: Uptake assessment and potential impact on health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120230. [PMID: 36155227 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution is considered one of the main threats to the marine environment, and there is an imperious need to assess its potential impact on ecologically and economically relevant species. This study characterises plastic ingestion and tissue levels of potentially toxic metallic elements in Nephrops norvegicus and their simultaneous levels in abiotic compartments from three locations of the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean Sea). A multidisciplinary assessment of the health condition of N. norvegicus through condition indices, enzymatic biomarkers and histological techniques is provided, and its relationship with anthropogenic pollutant levels explored. Plastic fibres were commonly found in stomachs of N. norvegicus (85% of the individuals), with higher abundances (13 ± 21 fibres · ind-1) in specimens captured close to Barcelona. The presence of long synthetic fibres in near-bottom waters, as well as the mirroring trends in abundance among locations for water and ingested plastics, suggest that uptake from water may be occurring potentially through suspension feeding. The spatial variability in the levels of metallic elements in N. norvegicus was poorly correlated to the variability in sediments. In any case, present levels in abdominal muscle are considered safe for human consumption. Levels of ingested plastics only showed significant, yet weak, correlations with glutathione S-transferase and catalase activities. However, no other health parameter analysed showed any trend potentially associated to anthropogenic pollutant levels. Neither the condition indices nor the histopathological assessment evidenced any signs of pathologic conditions affecting N. norvegicus. Thus, it was concluded that presently there is no evidence of a negative impact of the studied pollutants on the health condition of N. norvegicus in the studied grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Carreras-Colom
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan E Cartes
- Departament de Recursos Marins Renovables, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Rodríguez-Romeu
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Padrós
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Departament de Recursos Marins Renovables, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michaël Grelaud
- Institute of Environmental Science and Techonology (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrizia Ziveri
- Institute of Environmental Science and Techonology (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Palet
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Soler-Membrives
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Carrassón
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Chapin FS, Weber EU, Bennett EM, Biggs R, van den Bergh J, Adger WN, Crépin AS, Polasky S, Folke C, Scheffer M, Segerson K, Anderies JM, Barrett S, Cardenas JC, Carpenter SR, Fischer J, Kautsky N, Levin SA, Shogren JF, Walker B, Wilen J, de Zeeuw A. Earth stewardship: Shaping a sustainable future through interacting policy and norm shifts. AMBIO 2022; 51:1907-1920. [PMID: 35380347 PMCID: PMC8982314 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Transformation toward a sustainable future requires an earth stewardship approach to shift society from its current goal of increasing material wealth to a vision of sustaining built, natural, human, and social capital-equitably distributed across society, within and among nations. Widespread concern about earth's current trajectory and support for actions that would foster more sustainable pathways suggests potential social tipping points in public demand for an earth stewardship vision. Here, we draw on empirical studies and theory to show that movement toward a stewardship vision can be facilitated by changes in either policy incentives or social norms. Our novel contribution is to point out that both norms and incentives must change and can do so interactively. This can be facilitated through leverage points and complementarities across policy areas, based on values, system design, and agency. Potential catalysts include novel democratic institutions and engagement of non-governmental actors, such as businesses, civic leaders, and social movements as agents for redistribution of power. Because no single intervention will transform the world, a key challenge is to align actions to be synergistic, persistent, and scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Stuart Chapin
- Professor Emeritus, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
| | - Elke U. Weber
- Andlinger Center, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Elena M. Bennett
- Bieler School of Environment, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Reinette Biggs
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeroen van den Bergh
- ICTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- SBE & IVM, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W. Neil Adger
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ UK
| | - Anne-Sophie Crépin
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen Polasky
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Carl Folke
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marten Scheffer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kathleen Segerson
- Department of Economics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1063 USA
| | - John M. Anderies
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change and School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2401 USA
| | - Scott Barrett
- Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Juan-Camilo Cardenas
- Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01002 USA
| | | | - Joern Fischer
- Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Nils Kautsky
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon A. Levin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003 USA
| | - Jason F. Shogren
- Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071-3985 USA
| | - Brian Walker
- CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - James Wilen
- Department of Agriculture and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Aart de Zeeuw
- Tilburg School of Economics and Management, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
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7
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Schmidt DN, Pieraccini M, Evans L. Marine protected areas in the context of climate change: key challenges for coastal social-ecological systems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210131. [PMID: 35574854 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate and ecological emergencies play out acutely in coastal systems with devastating impacts on biodiversity, and the livelihoods of communities and their cultural values. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are one of the key management and regulatory tools against biodiversity loss, playing a role in strengthening bio-cultural diversity and sustainability of coastal social-ecological systems. What is unclear though is the effectiveness of static protections under climate change as species move. Next to ecological uncertainty, regulatory uncertainty may play a role in weakening marine conservation. We asked whether MPAs are ecologically effective now and can sustain or improve to be so in the future while facing key climate and regulatory uncertainties. MPAs can support the protection of cultural values and have an impact on activities of sea-users and the sustainability of social-ecological systems. As such, questions surrounding their legitimacy under a changing climate and increased uncertainty are pertinent. We argue that MPA governance must be cognisant of the interdependency between natural and human systems and their joint reaction to climate change impacts based on an integrated, co-developed, and interdisciplinary approach. Focusing on the UK as a case study, we highlight some of the challenges to achieve effective, adaptive and legitimate governance of MPAs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Nurturing resilient marine ecosystems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N Schmidt
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - M Pieraccini
- School of Law, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - L Evans
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
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8
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Borges RM. Keystones to sustain life’s diversity. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Sugimoto A, Roman R, Hori J, Tamura N, Watari S, Makino M. How has the 'customary nature' of Japanese fisheries reacted to Covid-19? An interdisciplinary study examining the impacts of the pandemic in 2020. MARINE POLICY 2022; 138:105005. [PMID: 35185265 PMCID: PMC8847101 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Like many other countries, the economy and society of Japan have been deeply affected by the Covid-19 outbreak, and the fishery sector is no exception. This study takes an interdisciplinary approach to analyze the economic and social impacts of the pandemic on Japanese fisheries, gauging the extent and nature of the damages incurred from Covid-19 while helping to provide tailored post-recovery recommendations for the industry. Using results from an online survey questionnaire (N = 429) and compiling additional economic information from public sources, this study revealed the overwhelmingly negative changes in sales figures and overall financial security that survey participants experienced when compared to a year earlier. High-value and fresh fish species were also significantly affected in 2020 across Japan, in line with similar trends across the developed world. Aquaculture businesses were shown to be more vulnerable to the spread of Covid-19 than small-scale fishing operations, which tend to be more diverse and flexible. Bonding social capital was also shown to be important for mutual help and human well-being, especially among small-scale fishers. This "customary nature" of Japanese fisheries, at the same time, can be seen as a barrier to the transformation of the industry. Given these results, several policy implications are discussed to help fisheries stakeholders and their communities build back better from the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Sugimoto
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Japan
| | | | - Juri Hori
- Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute, Japan
| | - Norie Tamura
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Japan
| | - Shingo Watari
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Japan
| | - Mitsutaku Makino
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Österblom H, Folke C, Rocha J, Bebbington J, Blasiak R, Jouffray JB, Selig ER, Wabnitz CCC, Bengtsson F, Crona B, Gupta R, Henriksson PJG, Johansson KA, Merrie A, Nakayama S, Crespo GO, Rockström J, Schultz L, Sobkowiak M, Jørgensen PS, Spijkers J, Troell M, Villarrubia-Gómez P, Lubchenco J. Scientific mobilization of keystone actors for biosphere stewardship. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3802. [PMID: 35246555 PMCID: PMC8897441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosphere crisis requires changes to existing business practices. We ask how corporations can become sustainability leaders, when constrained by multiple barriers to collaboration for biosphere stewardship. We describe how scientists motivated, inspired and engaged with ten of the world's largest seafood companies, in a collaborative process aimed to enable science-based and systemic transformations (2015-2021). CEOs faced multiple industry crises in 2015 that incentivized novel approaches. New scientific insights, an invitation to collaborate, and a bold vision of transformative change towards ocean stewardship, created new opportunities and direction. Co-creation of solutions resulted in new knowledge and trust, a joint agenda for action, new capacities, international recognition, formalization of an organization, increased policy influence, time-bound goals, and convergence of corporate change. Independently funded scientists helped remove barriers to cooperation, provided means for reflection, and guided corporate strategies and actions toward ocean stewardship. By 2021, multiple individuals exercised leadership and the initiative had transitioned from preliminary and uncomfortable conversations, to a dynamic, operational organization, with capacity to perform global leadership in the seafood industry. Mobilizing transformational agency through learning, collaboration, and innovation represents a cultural evolution with potential to redirect and accelerate corporate action, to the benefit of business, people and the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Österblom
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies, Maldonado, Uruguay.
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Carl Folke
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Program, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Rocha
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies, Maldonado, Uruguay
- Future Earth, Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Bebbington
- Pentland Centre for Sustainability, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Robert Blasiak
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jean-Baptiste Jouffray
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Program, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth R Selig
- Stanford Centre for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Colette C C Wabnitz
- Stanford Centre for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Frida Bengtsson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Crona
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Program, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Radhika Gupta
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik J G Henriksson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Karolin A Johansson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew Merrie
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shinnosuke Nakayama
- Stanford Centre for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Johan Rockström
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A31, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lisen Schultz
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Søgaard Jørgensen
- The Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Program, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Spijkers
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Troell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jane Lubchenco
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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11
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Folke C, Kautsky N. Aquaculture and ocean stewardship : This article belongs to Ambio's 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Solutions-oriented research. AMBIO 2022; 51:13-16. [PMID: 33715093 PMCID: PMC8651929 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Folke
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nils Kautsky
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Farmery AK, Alexander K, Anderson K, Blanchard JL, Carter CG, Evans K, Fischer M, Fleming A, Frusher S, Fulton EA, Haas B, MacLeod CK, Murray L, Nash KL, Pecl GT, Rousseau Y, Trebilco R, van Putten IE, Mauli S, Dutra L, Greeno D, Kaltavara J, Watson R, Nowak B. Food for all: designing sustainable and secure future seafood systems. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2022; 32:101-121. [PMID: 34092936 DOI: 10.22541/au.160322471.16891119/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Food from the sea can make a larger contribution to healthy and sustainable diets, and to addressing hunger and malnutrition, through improvements in production, distribution and equitable access to wild harvest and mariculture resources and products. The supply and consumption of seafood is influenced by a range of 'drivers' including ecosystem change and ocean regulation, the influence of corporations and evolving consumer demand, as well as the growing focus on the importance of seafood for meeting nutritional needs. These drivers need to be examined in a holistic way to develop an informed understanding of the needs, potential impacts and solutions that align seafood production and consumption with relevant 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper uses an evidence-based narrative approach to examine how the anticipated global trends for seafood might be experienced by people in different social, geographical and economic situations over the next ten years. Key drivers influencing seafood within the global food system are identified and used to construct a future scenario based on our current trajectory (Business-as-usual 2030). Descriptive pathways and actions are then presented for a more sustainable future scenario that strives towards achieving the SDGs as far as technically possible (More sustainable 2030). Prioritising actions that not only sustainably produce more seafood, but consider aspects of access and utilisation, particularly for people affected by food insecurity and malnutrition, is an essential part of designing sustainable and secure future seafood systems. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-021-09663-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Farmery
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - K Alexander
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - K Anderson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS Australia
| | - J L Blanchard
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - C G Carter
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - K Evans
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - M Fischer
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, St Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - A Fleming
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - S Frusher
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - E A Fulton
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - B Haas
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - C K MacLeod
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - L Murray
- College of Health, Massey University, Massey, New Zealand
| | - K L Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - G T Pecl
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Y Rousseau
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - R Trebilco
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - I E van Putten
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - S Mauli
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - L Dutra
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, St Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - D Greeno
- College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - J Kaltavara
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - R Watson
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - B Nowak
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS Australia
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13
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Opinion: Transformational opportunities for an equitable ocean commons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2117033118. [PMID: 34645710 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117033118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Gephart JA, Henriksson PJG, Parker RWR, Shepon A, Gorospe KD, Bergman K, Eshel G, Golden CD, Halpern BS, Hornborg S, Jonell M, Metian M, Mifflin K, Newton R, Tyedmers P, Zhang W, Ziegler F, Troell M. Environmental performance of blue foods. Nature 2021; 597:360-365. [PMID: 34526707 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fish and other aquatic foods (blue foods) present an opportunity for more sustainable diets1,2. Yet comprehensive comparison has been limited due to sparse inclusion of blue foods in environmental impact studies3,4 relative to the vast diversity of production5. Here we provide standardized estimates of greenhouse gas, nitrogen, phosphorus, freshwater and land stressors for species groups covering nearly three quarters of global production. We find that across all blue foods, farmed bivalves and seaweeds generate the lowest stressors. Capture fisheries predominantly generate greenhouse gas emissions, with small pelagic fishes generating lower emissions than all fed aquaculture, but flatfish and crustaceans generating the highest. Among farmed finfish and crustaceans, silver and bighead carps have the lowest greenhouse gas, nitrogen and phosphorus emissions, but highest water use, while farmed salmon and trout use the least land and water. Finally, we model intervention scenarios and find improving feed conversion ratios reduces stressors across all fed groups, increasing fish yield reduces land and water use by up to half, and optimizing gears reduces capture fishery emissions by more than half for some groups. Collectively, our analysis identifies high-performing blue foods, highlights opportunities to improve environmental performance, advances data-poor environmental assessments, and informs sustainable diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Gephart
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Patrik J G Henriksson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.,WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia.,Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert W R Parker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Aquaculture Stewardship Council, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alon Shepon
- Department of Environmental Studies, The Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelvin D Gorospe
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristina Bergman
- Department of Agriculture and Food, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gidon Eshel
- Department of Environmental Science, Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY, USA
| | - Christopher D Golden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin S Halpern
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Sara Hornborg
- Department of Agriculture and Food, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Malin Jonell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.,Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency-Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), Radioecology Laboratory, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Kathleen Mifflin
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Richard Newton
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Peter Tyedmers
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Friederike Ziegler
- Department of Agriculture and Food, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Max Troell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.,Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Booth H, Arlidge WNS, Squires D, Milner-Gulland EJ. Bycatch levies could reconcile trade-offs between blue growth and biodiversity conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:715-725. [PMID: 33972736 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Economic activities in the ocean (that is, the 'blue economy') provide value to society, yet also jeopardize marine ecosystems. For example, fisheries are an essential source of income and food security for billions of people, yet bycatch poses a major threat to marine biodiversity, creating trade-offs between economic growth and biodiversity conservation. This Perspective explores bycatch levies as a market-based instrument for reconciling these trade-offs. We outline the theory and practice of bycatch levies to demonstrate how they could incentivize bycatch prevention and raise revenue for compensatory conservation, provided they are well designed, as part of a policy mix for sustainable and equitable ocean governance. We then explore ways forward for mainstreaming bycatch levies into the blue economy. While compensatory bycatch mitigation has been controversial, increasing adoption of net outcome approaches to biodiversity conservation suggests they could become mainstreamed within the next decade. Bycatch levies could raise billions of dollars towards closing global biodiversity financing gaps, delivering net outcomes for biodiversity under the United Nations Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework while enabling blue growth, and moving towards win-wins for economic welfare and biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Booth
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Wildlife Conservation Society, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - William N S Arlidge
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dale Squires
- Department of Economics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Southwest Fisheries Science Centre, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - E J Milner-Gulland
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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16
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Farmery AK, Alexander K, Anderson K, Blanchard JL, Carter CG, Evans K, Fischer M, Fleming A, Frusher S, Fulton EA, Haas B, MacLeod CK, Murray L, Nash KL, Pecl GT, Rousseau Y, Trebilco R, van Putten IE, Mauli S, Dutra L, Greeno D, Kaltavara J, Watson R, Nowak B. Food for all: designing sustainable and secure future seafood systems. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2021; 32:101-121. [PMID: 34092936 PMCID: PMC8164055 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-021-09663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Food from the sea can make a larger contribution to healthy and sustainable diets, and to addressing hunger and malnutrition, through improvements in production, distribution and equitable access to wild harvest and mariculture resources and products. The supply and consumption of seafood is influenced by a range of 'drivers' including ecosystem change and ocean regulation, the influence of corporations and evolving consumer demand, as well as the growing focus on the importance of seafood for meeting nutritional needs. These drivers need to be examined in a holistic way to develop an informed understanding of the needs, potential impacts and solutions that align seafood production and consumption with relevant 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper uses an evidence-based narrative approach to examine how the anticipated global trends for seafood might be experienced by people in different social, geographical and economic situations over the next ten years. Key drivers influencing seafood within the global food system are identified and used to construct a future scenario based on our current trajectory (Business-as-usual 2030). Descriptive pathways and actions are then presented for a more sustainable future scenario that strives towards achieving the SDGs as far as technically possible (More sustainable 2030). Prioritising actions that not only sustainably produce more seafood, but consider aspects of access and utilisation, particularly for people affected by food insecurity and malnutrition, is an essential part of designing sustainable and secure future seafood systems. Graphic abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-021-09663-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Farmery
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - K. Alexander
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - K. Anderson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS Australia
| | - J. L. Blanchard
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - C. G. Carter
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - K. Evans
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - M. Fischer
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, St Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - A. Fleming
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - S. Frusher
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - E. A. Fulton
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - B. Haas
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - C. K. MacLeod
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - L. Murray
- College of Health, Massey University, Massey, New Zealand
| | - K. L. Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - G. T. Pecl
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Y. Rousseau
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - R. Trebilco
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - I. E. van Putten
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - S. Mauli
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - L. Dutra
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, St Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - D. Greeno
- College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - J. Kaltavara
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resource and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - R. Watson
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - B. Nowak
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS Australia
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17
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Folke C, Polasky S, Rockström J, Galaz V, Westley F, Lamont M, Scheffer M, Österblom H, Carpenter SR, Chapin FS, Seto KC, Weber EU, Crona BI, Daily GC, Dasgupta P, Gaffney O, Gordon LJ, Hoff H, Levin SA, Lubchenco J, Steffen W, Walker BH. Our future in the Anthropocene biosphere. AMBIO 2021; 50:834-869. [PMID: 33715097 PMCID: PMC7955950 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an interconnected and tightly coupled globalized world in rapid change. This article sets the scientific stage for understanding and responding to such change for global sustainability and resilient societies. We provide a systemic overview of the current situation where people and nature are dynamically intertwined and embedded in the biosphere, placing shocks and extreme events as part of this dynamic; humanity has become the major force in shaping the future of the Earth system as a whole; and the scale and pace of the human dimension have caused climate change, rapid loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities, and loss of resilience to deal with uncertainty and surprise. Taken together, human actions are challenging the biosphere foundation for a prosperous development of civilizations. The Anthropocene reality-of rising system-wide turbulence-calls for transformative change towards sustainable futures. Emerging technologies, social innovations, broader shifts in cultural repertoires, as well as a diverse portfolio of active stewardship of human actions in support of a resilient biosphere are highlighted as essential parts of such transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Folke
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Programme (GEDB), Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Johan Rockström
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Victor Galaz
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Marten Scheffer
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Österblom
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Beatrice I Crona
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Programme (GEDB), Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Owen Gaffney
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Line J Gordon
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holger Hoff
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Will Steffen
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Rice J. Equity – the Bottleneck and the Opportunity. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.648550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a widespread tendency for diverse uses of Nature, on scales from small and local to very large, to become unsustainable. Once unsustainable, bringing a use back to sustainability and keeping it sustainable then takes substantial effort and tools appropriate to the context of the use. This Perspective first asks why is the tendency for unsustainability so pervasive, when it is an outcome that no user group has adopted as an objective, and ways to keep uses sustainable are known. I argue and present evidence that the common factor underlying the pervasiveness of unsustainable uses of Nature is inequity in the distribution of the benefits created from those uses, with both the wealthy “winners” of the distributional inequities and those disadvantaged and in poverty driving uses toward increasing unsustainability in ways that depend on the nature of the inequities. Unless the inequity of distribution of benefits from uses of Nature is addressed as an issue in its own right, there are few or no pathways to medium or long-term sustainable use. However, if inequity is addressed broadly and effectively, many pathways are available and societies can select the pathways appropriate to their cultural and ecological contexts.
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19
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Röös E, Bajzelj B, Weil C, Andersson E, Bossio D, Gordon LJ. Moving beyond organic – A food system approach to assessing sustainable and resilient farming. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Virdin J, Vegh T, Jouffray JB, Blasiak R, Mason S, Österblom H, Vermeer D, Wachtmeister H, Werner N. The Ocean 100: Transnational corporations in the ocean economy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/3/eabc8041. [PMID: 33523873 PMCID: PMC7806236 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The ocean economy is growing as commercial use of the ocean accelerates, while progress toward achieving international goals for ocean conservation and sustainability is lagging. In this context, the private sector is increasingly recognized as having the capacity to hamper efforts to achieve aspirations of sustainable ocean-based development or alternatively to bend current trajectories of ocean use by taking on the mantle of corporate biosphere stewardship. Here, we identify levels of industry concentration to assess where this capacity rests. We show that the 10 largest companies in eight core ocean economy industries generate, on average, 45% of each industry's total revenues. Aggregating across all eight industries, the 100 largest corporations (the "Ocean 100") account for 60% of total revenues. This level of concentration in the ocean economy presents both risks and opportunities for ensuring sustainability and equity of global ocean use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Virdin
- Duke University Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - T Vegh
- Duke University Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J-B Jouffray
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Blasiak
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Mason
- Duke University Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Durham, NC, USA
| | - H Österblom
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Vermeer
- Duke University Fuqua School of Business, Durham, NC, USA
| | - H Wachtmeister
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N Werner
- Duke University Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, USA
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21
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Hileman J, Kallstenius I, Häyhä T, Palm C, Cornell S. Keystone actors do not act alone: A business ecosystem perspective on sustainability in the global clothing industry. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241453. [PMID: 33125411 PMCID: PMC7598521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global industries are typically dominated by a few disproportionately large and influential transnational corporations, or keystone actors. While concentration of economic production is not a new phenomenon, in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world, the scale of the impacts of keystone actors on diverse social-ecological systems continues to grow. In this article, we investigate how keystone actors in the global clothing industry engage in collaboration with a variety of other organizations to address nine interrelated biophysical and socioeconomic sustainability challenges. We expand on previous theoretical and empirical research by focusing on the larger business ecosystem in which keystone actors are embedded, and use network analysis to assess the contributions of different actor types to the architecture of the ecosystem. This systemic approach to the study of keystone actors and sustainability challenges highlights an important source of influence largely not addressed in previous research: the presence of organizations that occupy strategic positions around keystone actors. Such knowledge can help identify governance strategies for advancing industry-wide transformation towards sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Hileman
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Kallstenius
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Häyhä
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Celinda Palm
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Cornell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Stenseth NC, Payne MR, Bonsdorff E, Dankel DJ, Durant JM, Anderson LG, Armstrong CW, Blenckner T, Brakstad A, Dupont S, Eikeset AM, Goksøyr A, Jónsson S, Kuparinen A, Våge K, Österblom H, Paasche Ø. Attuning to a changing ocean. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20363-20371. [PMID: 32817527 PMCID: PMC7456143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915352117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ocean is a lifeline for human existence, but current practices risk severely undermining ocean sustainability. Present and future social-ecological challenges necessitate the maintenance and development of knowledge and action by stimulating collaboration among scientists and between science, policy, and practice. Here we explore not only how such collaborations have developed in the Nordic countries and adjacent seas but also how knowledge from these regions contributes to an understanding of how to obtain a sustainable ocean. Our collective experience may be summarized in three points: 1) In the absence of long-term observations, decision-making is subject to high risk arising from natural variability; 2) in the absence of established scientific organizations, advice to stakeholders often relies on a few advisors, making them prone to biased perceptions; and 3) in the absence of trust between policy makers and the science community, attuning to a changing ocean will be subject to arbitrary decision-making with unforeseen and negative ramifications. Underpinning these observations, we show that collaboration across scientific disciplines and stakeholders and between nations is a necessary condition for appropriate actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Chr Stenseth
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway;
- Centre for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, NO-4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Mark R Payne
- Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Erik Bonsdorff
- Environmental and Marine Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Dorothy J Dankel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
- Nordic Marine Think Tank, DK-4300 Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Joël M Durant
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Leif G Anderson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claire W Armstrong
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Thorsten Blenckner
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ailin Brakstad
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-45178 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Anne M Eikeset
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Steingrímur Jónsson
- Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, University of Akureyri, 600 Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Anna Kuparinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kjetil Våge
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Henrik Österblom
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Øyvind Paasche
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
- Climate, Norwegian Research Center AS (NORCE), NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
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Abstract
Human wellbeing relies on the Biosphere, including natural resources provided by ocean ecosystems. As multiple demands and stressors threaten the ocean, transformative change in ocean governance is required to maintain the contributions of the ocean to people. Here we illustrate how transition theory can be applied to ocean governance. We demonstrate how current economic and social systems can adapt to existing pressures and shift towards ocean stewardship through incorporation of niche innovations within and across economic sectors and stakeholder communities. These novel approaches support an emergent but purposeful transition and suggest a clear path to a thriving and vibrant relationship between humans and the ocean. Oceans provide important natural resources, but the management and governance of the ocean is complex and the ecosystem is suffering as a result. The authors discuss current barriers to sustainable ocean governance and suggest pathways forward. Oceans provide important natural resources, but the management and governance of the ocean is complex and the ecosystem is suffering as a result. The authors discuss current barriers to sustainable ocean governance and suggest pathways forward.
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Dundas SJ, Levine AS, Lewison RL, Doerr AN, White C, Galloway AWE, Garza C, Hazen EL, Padilla‐Gamiño J, Samhouri JF, Spalding A, Stier A, White JW. Integrating oceans into climate policy: Any green new deal needs a splash of blue. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Dundas
- Department of Applied Economics Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon
- Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station Oregon State University Newport Oregon
| | - Arielle S. Levine
- Department of Geography San Diego State University San Diego California
| | | | - Angee N. Doerr
- Oregon Sea Grant Oregon State University Extension Service Newport Oregon
| | - Crow White
- Department of Biological Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California
| | | | - Corey Garza
- Department of Marine Science California State University Monterey Bay Monterey California
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center NOAA Fisheries Monterey California
| | | | - Jameal F. Samhouri
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Seattle Washington
| | - Ana Spalding
- School of Public Policy Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama
- Coiba Scientific Station (COIBA‐AIP) Panama City Panama
| | - Adrian Stier
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California
| | - J. Wilson White
- Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station Oregon State University Newport Oregon
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25
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Zipper SC, Jaramillo F, Wang‐Erlandsson L, Cornell SE, Gleeson T, Porkka M, Häyhä T, Crépin A, Fetzer I, Gerten D, Hoff H, Matthews N, Ricaurte‐Villota C, Kummu M, Wada Y, Gordon L. Integrating the Water Planetary Boundary With Water Management From Local to Global Scales. EARTH'S FUTURE 2020; 8:e2019EF001377. [PMID: 32715010 PMCID: PMC7375053 DOI: 10.1029/2019ef001377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The planetary boundaries framework defines the "safe operating space for humanity" represented by nine global processes that can destabilize the Earth System if perturbed. The water planetary boundary attempts to provide a global limit to anthropogenic water cycle modifications, but it has been challenging to translate and apply it to the regional and local scales at which water problems and management typically occur. We develop a cross-scale approach by which the water planetary boundary could guide sustainable water management and governance at subglobal contexts defined by physical features (e.g., watershed or aquifer), political borders (e.g., city, nation, or group of nations), or commercial entities (e.g., corporation, trade group, or financial institution). The application of the water planetary boundary at these subglobal contexts occurs via two approaches: (i) calculating fair shares, in which local water cycle modifications are compared to that context's allocation of the global safe operating space, taking into account biophysical, socioeconomic, and ethical considerations; and (ii) defining a local safe operating space, in which interactions between water stores and Earth System components are used to define local boundaries required for sustaining the local water system in stable conditions, which we demonstrate with a case study of the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta wetlands in Colombia. By harmonizing these two approaches, the water planetary boundary can ensure that water cycle modifications remain within both local and global boundaries and complement existing water management and governance approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Zipper
- Kansas Geological SurveyUniversity of KansasLawrenceKSUSA
- Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Fernando Jaramillo
- Department of Physical GeographyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Baltic Sea CentreStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | | | | | - Tom Gleeson
- Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Miina Porkka
- Stockholm Resilience CentreStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Tiina Häyhä
- Stockholm Resilience CentreStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- International Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisLaxenburgAustria
| | - Anne‐Sophie Crépin
- Stockholm Resilience CentreStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Beijer Institute of Ecological EconomicsRoyal Swedish Academy of SciencesStockholmSweden
| | - Ingo Fetzer
- Stockholm Resilience CentreStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Dieter Gerten
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
- Department of GeographyHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Holger Hoff
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
- Stockholm Environment InstituteStockholmSweden
| | | | | | - Matti Kummu
- Water and Development Research GroupAalto UniversityEspooFinland
| | - Yoshihide Wada
- International Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisLaxenburgAustria
| | - Line Gordon
- Stockholm Resilience CentreStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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26
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Jouffray JB, Blasiak R, Norström AV, Österblom H, Nyström M. The Blue Acceleration: The Trajectory of Human Expansion into the Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Morrison TH, Adger N, Barnett J, Brown K, Possingham H, Hughes T. Advancing Coral Reef Governance into the Anthropocene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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28
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Nyström M, Jouffray JB, Norström AV, Crona B, Søgaard Jørgensen P, Carpenter SR, Bodin Ö, Galaz V, Folke C. Anatomy and resilience of the global production ecosystem. Nature 2019; 575:98-108. [PMID: 31695208 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Much of the Earth's biosphere has been appropriated for the production of harvestable biomass in the form of food, fuel and fibre. Here we show that the simplification and intensification of these systems and their growing connection to international markets has yielded a global production ecosystem that is homogenous, highly connected and characterized by weakened internal feedbacks. We argue that these features converge to yield high and predictable supplies of biomass in the short term, but create conditions for novel and pervasive risks to emerge and interact in the longer term. Steering the global production ecosystem towards a sustainable trajectory will require the redirection of finance, increased transparency and traceability in supply chains, and the participation of a multitude of players, including integrated 'keystone actors' such as multinational corporations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nyström
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - J-B Jouffray
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A V Norström
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Crona
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Søgaard Jørgensen
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S R Carpenter
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ö Bodin
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Galaz
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Folke
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.,Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Jouffray JB, Crona B, Wassénius E, Bebbington J, Scholtens B. Leverage points in the financial sector for seafood sustainability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax3324. [PMID: 31616789 PMCID: PMC6774725 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Can finance contribute to seafood sustainability? This is an increasingly relevant question given the projected growth of seafood markets and the magnitude of social and environmental challenges associated with seafood production. As more capital enters the seafood industry, it becomes crucial that investments steer the sector toward improved sustainability, as opposed to fueling unsustainable working conditions and overexploitation of resources. Using a mixed-methods approach, we map where different financial mechanisms are most salient along a seafood firm's development trajectory and identify three leverage points that can redirect capital toward more sustainable practices: loan covenants, stock exchange listing rules, and shareholder activism. We argue that seafood sustainability requirements need to be integrated into traditional financial services and propose key research avenues for academic, policy, and practice communities. While our study focuses on the role of finance in seafood sustainability, the insights developed are also of high relevance to other extractive industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Jouffray
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
| | - Beatrice Crona
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmy Wassénius
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Bebbington
- University of Birmingham Business School, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bert Scholtens
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- School of Management, University of St Andrews, Gateway, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK
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30
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Transnational corporations and the challenge of biosphere stewardship. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:1396-1403. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Hrozanova M, Moen F, Pallesen S. Unique Predictors of Sleep Quality in Junior Athletes: The Protective Function of Mental Resilience, and the Detrimental Impact of Sex, Worry and Perceived Stress. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1256. [PMID: 31214076 PMCID: PMC6554288 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since athletic development and functioning are heavily dependent on sufficient recuperation, sleep in athletes is becoming a topic of increasing interest. Still, existing scientific evidence points to inadequate sleep in athletes, especially in females. This may be due to the fact that sleep is vulnerable to disturbances caused by stress and cognitive and emotional reactions to stress, such as worry and negative affect, which may exacerbate and prolong the stress response. Such disturbing factors are frequently experienced by junior athletes aiming for performance development and rise in the rankings, but may be damaging to athletic progression. Based on limited research in non-athletic samples, mental resilience may protect individuals against the detrimental effects of stress on sleep. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the extent to which sex, mental resilience, emotional (negative affect) and cognitive (worry) reactions to stress, and perceived stress, uniquely contributed to sleep quality in a cross-sectional study including 632 junior athletes. A multiple hierarchical linear regression showed that females had poorer sleep quality than males, while the mental resilience sub-components Social Resources and Structured Style were positively associated with sleep quality, providing a protective function and thus preventing sleep quality from deteriorating. Simultaneously, worry, as well as perceived stress, were negatively associated with sleep quality. Together, the independent variables explained 28% of the variance in sleep quality. A dominance analysis showed that perceived stress had the largest relative relationship with sleep quality. Based on these results, close attention should be paid to athletes' abilities to manage worry and perceived stress, and the potential of mental resilience as a protective factor that could prevent sleep from deteriorating. The latter might be especially relevant for female athletes. Since performance margins are progressively becoming smaller and smaller, every improvement that adequate sleep can provide will be beneficial in terms of improved functioning and athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hrozanova
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frode Moen
- Department of Education and Lifelong Learning, Faculty of Social an Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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32
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices of the Largest Seafood Suppliers in the Wild Capture Fisheries Sector: From Vision to Action. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11082254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the seafood industry is on the rise. Because of increasing public awareness and non-governmental organization (NGO) campaigns, seafood buyers have made various commitments to improve the sustainability of their wild seafood sourcing. As part of this effort, seafood suppliers have developed their own CSR programs in order to meet buyers’ sourcing requirements. However, the CSR of these companies, many of which are mid-supply chain or vertically integrated, remain largely invisible and unstudied. In order to better understand how mid-chain seafood suppliers engage in sustainability efforts, we reviewed the CSR practices of the 25 largest seafood companies globally (by revenue) that deal with wild seafood products. Based on literature, existing frameworks, and initial data analysis, we developed a structured framework to identify and categorize practices based on the issues addressed and the approach used. We found companies implement CSR to address four key areas, and through various activities that fit into five categories: Power; Practices; Partnerships; Public policy; and Philanthropy. One of the biggest gaps identified in this study is the lack of accountability mechanisms, as well as robust and consistent accounting of impacts. Indeed, many companies express commitments without clear goals and structures in place to ensure implementation. Therefore, improvements in seafood company performance on social and environmental aspects may not only require creating a better business case for CSR, but also require ensuring that companies have the necessary processes and structures in place through public oversights and regulations.
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33
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The role of human rights in implementing socially responsible seafood. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210241. [PMID: 30682056 PMCID: PMC6347265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainability standards for seafood mainly address environmental performance criteria and are less concerned with the welfare of fisheries workers who produce the seafood. Yet human rights violations such as slavery and human trafficking are widespread in fisheries around the world, and underscore the need for certification bodies and other seafood supply chain actors to improve social performance, in addition to addressing environmental challenges. Calls for socially responsible seafood have referenced human rights law and policy frameworks to shape the guiding principles of socially responsible seafood and to provide the legal machinery to implement these aspirations, but practical guidance on how to achieve this is lacking. To provide clarity on this challenge, we reviewed the literature concerning human rights in the seafood supply chain, and prepared an analysis of opportunities and challenges to implement socially responsible seafood through relevant human rights, legal and policy instruments. We observe that human rights laws are generally framed in favour of addressing violations of civil and political rights, but there remains considerable scope for applying economic, social and cultural (ESC) rights in this context. Other challenges include weakly defined ESC rights infringements, a lack of straightforward mechanisms to enforce human rights entitlements, and practical difficulties such as resources to support and secure rights. On the positive side, governments can draw on international instruments to inspire national policies and legislation to eliminate illegalities from the seafood supply chain. However, for socially responsible seafood principles to translate into tangible actions, these objectives must be rooted in clear legal obligations and be supported by sufficient national capacity and political will.
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Abstract
Marine fisheries are in crisis, requiring twice the fishing effort of the 1950s to catch the same quantity of fish, and with many fleets operating beyond economic or ecological sustainability. A possible consequence of diminishing returns in this race to fish is serious labour abuses, including modern slavery, which exploit vulnerable workers to reduce costs. Here, we use the Global Slavery Index (GSI), a national-level indicator, as a proxy for modern slavery and labour abuses in fisheries. GSI estimates and fisheries governance are correlated at the national level among the major fishing countries. Furthermore, countries having documented labour abuses at sea share key features, including higher levels of subsidised distant-water fishing and poor catch reporting. Further research into modern slavery in the fisheries sector is needed to better understand how the issue relates to overfishing and fisheries policy, as well as measures to reduce risk in these labour markets. There have been growing concerns about the exploitation of workers in the fisheries sectors. Here, Tickler et al. use a country-level metric of slavery to determine the risk of fisheries-level slavery across 20 countries, and find it rises as unreported catch increases and mean value of catch decreases.
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35
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Cerullo GR, Edwards DP. Actively restoring resilience in selectively logged tropical forests. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David P. Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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Barbier EB, Burgess JC, Dean TJ. Response-Conservation accord. Science 2018; 360:1196-1197. [PMID: 29903969 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Barbier
- Department of Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80253, USA. .,School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80253, USA
| | - Joanne C Burgess
- Department of Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80253, USA.,School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80253, USA
| | - Thomas J Dean
- School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80253, USA.,College of Business, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80253, USA
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Blasiak R, Jouffray JB, Wabnitz CCC, Sundström E, Österblom H. Corporate control and global governance of marine genetic resources. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar5237. [PMID: 29881777 PMCID: PMC5990308 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar5237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Who owns ocean biodiversity? This is an increasingly relevant question, given the legal uncertainties associated with the use of genetic resources from areas beyond national jurisdiction, which cover half of the Earth's surface. We accessed 38 million records of genetic sequences associated with patents and created a database of 12,998 sequences extracted from 862 marine species. We identified >1600 sequences from 91 species associated with deep-sea and hydrothermal vent systems, reflecting commercial interest in organisms from remote ocean areas, as well as a capacity to collect and use the genes of such species. A single corporation registered 47% of all marine sequences included in gene patents, exceeding the combined share of 220 other companies (37%). Universities and their commercialization partners registered 12%. Actors located or headquartered in 10 countries registered 98% of all patent sequences, and 165 countries were unrepresented. Our findings highlight the importance of inclusive participation by all states in international negotiations and the urgency of clarifying the legal regime around access and benefit sharing of marine genetic resources. We identify a need for greater transparency regarding species provenance, transfer of patent ownership, and activities of corporations with a disproportionate influence over the patenting of marine biodiversity. We suggest that identifying these key actors is a critical step toward encouraging innovation, fostering greater equity, and promoting better ocean stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Blasiak
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jean-Baptiste Jouffray
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colette C. C. Wabnitz
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Emma Sundström
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Österblom
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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