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Chu X, Tian W, Ning J, Xiao G, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Zhai Z, Tanzhu G, Yang J, Zhou R. Cancer stem cells: advances in knowledge and implications for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:170. [PMID: 38965243 PMCID: PMC11224386 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor heterogeneity. Cancer continues to be a significant global disease burden. In the past, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were the main cancer treatments. The technology of cancer treatments continues to develop and advance, and the emergence of targeted therapy, and immunotherapy provides more options for patients to a certain extent. However, the limitations of efficacy and treatment resistance are still inevitable. Our review begins with a brief introduction of the historical discoveries, original hypotheses, and pathways that regulate CSCs, such as WNT/β-Catenin, hedgehog, Notch, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, PI3K/AKT, PPAR pathway, and their crosstalk. We focus on the role of CSCs in various therapeutic outcomes and resistance, including how the treatments affect the content of CSCs and the alteration of related molecules, CSCs-mediated therapeutic resistance, and the clinical value of targeting CSCs in patients with refractory, progressed or advanced tumors. In summary, CSCs affect therapeutic efficacy, and the treatment method of targeting CSCs is still difficult to determine. Clarifying regulatory mechanisms and targeting biomarkers of CSCs is currently the mainstream idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Chu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wentao Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jiaoyang Ning
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yunqi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhuofan Zhai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China.
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Chatterjee D, Bhattacharya S, Kumari L, Datta A. Aptamers: ushering in new hopes in targeted glioblastoma therapy. J Drug Target 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38923419 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2373306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a formidable brain cancer, has remained a therapeutic challenge due to its aggressive nature and resistance to conventional treatments. Recent data indicate that aptamers, short synthetic DNA or RNA molecules can be used in anti-cancer therapy due to their better tumour penetration, specific binding affinity, longer retention in tumour sites and their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. With the ability to modify these oligonucleotides through the selection process, and using rational design to modify them, post-SELEX aptamers offer several advantages in glioblastoma treatment, including precise targeting of cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. This review discusses the pivotal role of aptamers in glioblastoma therapy and diagnosis, emphasising their potential to enhance treatment efficacy and also highlights recent advancements in aptamer-based therapies which can transform the landscape of glioblastoma treatment, offering renewed hope to patients and clinicians alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarpan Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, India
| | - Srijan Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, India
| | - Leena Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, India
| | - Aparna Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, India
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3
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Watanabe J, Clutter MR, Gullette MJ, Sasaki T, Uchida E, Kaur S, Mo Y, Abe K, Ishi Y, Takata N, Natsumeda M, Gadd S, Zhang Z, Becher OJ, Hashizume R. BET bromodomain inhibition potentiates radiosensitivity in models of H3K27-altered diffuse midline glioma. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e174794. [PMID: 38771655 PMCID: PMC11213469 DOI: 10.1172/jci174794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) H3K27-altered is one of the most malignant childhood cancers. Radiation therapy remains the only effective treatment yet provides a 5-year survival rate of only 1%. Several clinical trials have attempted to enhance radiation antitumor activity using radiosensitizing agents, although none have been successful. Given this, there is a critical need for identifying effective therapeutics to enhance radiation sensitivity for the treatment of DMG. Using high-throughput radiosensitivity screening, we identified bromo- and extraterminal domain (BET) protein inhibitors as potent radiosensitizers in DMG cells. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of BET bromodomain activity reduced DMG cell proliferation and enhanced radiation-induced DNA damage by inhibiting DNA repair pathways. RNA-Seq and the CUT&RUN (cleavage under targets and release using nuclease) analysis showed that BET bromodomain inhibitors regulated the expression of DNA repair genes mediated by H3K27 acetylation at enhancers. BET bromodomain inhibitors enhanced DMG radiation response in patient-derived xenografts as well as genetically engineered mouse models. Together, our results highlight BET bromodomain inhibitors as potential radiosensitizer and provide a rationale for developing combination therapy with radiation for the treatment of DMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | - Takahiro Sasaki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Eita Uchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yan Mo
- Institute for Cancer Genetics
- Department of Pediatrics, and
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kouki Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yukitomo Ishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nozomu Takata
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, and
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Manabu Natsumeda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Samantha Gadd
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics
- Department of Pediatrics, and
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Oren J. Becher
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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4
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Lee BWL, Chuah YH, Yoon J, Grinchuk OV, Liang Y, Hirpara JL, Shen Y, Wang LC, Lim YT, Zhao T, Sobota RM, Yeo TT, Wong ALA, Teo K, Nga VDW, Tan BWQ, Suda T, Toh TB, Pervaiz S, Lin Z, Ong DST. METTL8 links mt-tRNA m 3C modification to the HIF1α/RTK/Akt axis to sustain GBM stemness and tumorigenicity. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:338. [PMID: 38744809 PMCID: PMC11093979 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Epitranscriptomic RNA modifications are crucial for the maintenance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the most malignant cells in glioblastoma (GBM). 3-methylcytosine (m3C) is a new epitranscriptomic mark on RNAs and METTL8 represents an m3C writer that is dysregulated in cancer. Although METTL8 has an established function in mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) m3C modification, alternative splicing of METTL8 can also generate isoforms that localize to the nucleolus where they may regulate R-loop formation. The molecular basis for METTL8 dysregulation in GBM, and which METTL8 isoform(s) may influence GBM cell fate and malignancy remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of METTL8 in regulating GBM stemness and tumorigenicity. In GSC, METTL8 is exclusively localized to the mitochondrial matrix where it installs m3C on mt-tRNAThr/Ser(UCN) for mitochondrial translation and respiration. High expression of METTL8 in GBM is attributed to histone variant H2AZ-mediated chromatin accessibility of HIF1α and portends inferior glioma patient outcome. METTL8 depletion impairs the ability of GSC to self-renew and differentiate, thus retarding tumor growth in an intracranial GBM xenograft model. Interestingly, METTL8 depletion decreases protein levels of HIF1α, which serves as a transcription factor for several receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes, in GSC. Accordingly, METTL8 loss inactivates the RTK/Akt axis leading to heightened sensitivity to Akt inhibitor treatment. These mechanistic findings, along with the intimate link between METTL8 levels and the HIF1α/RTK/Akt axis in glioma patients, guided us to propose a HIF1α/Akt inhibitor combination which potently compromises GSC proliferation/self-renewal in vitro. Thus, METTL8 represents a new GBM dependency that is therapeutically targetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Woon Li Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - You Heng Chuah
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeehyun Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oleg V Grinchuk
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yajing Liang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Jayshree L Hirpara
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Yating Shen
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Loo Chien Wang
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Ting Lim
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tianyun Zhao
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radoslaw M Sobota
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tseng Tsai Yeo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kejia Teo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent Diong Weng Nga
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bryce Wei Quan Tan
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhewang Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derrick Sek Tong Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Hardebeck S, Jácobo Goebbels N, Michalski C, Schreiber S, Jose J. Identification of a potent PCNA-p15-interaction inhibitor by autodisplay-based peptide library screening. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14471. [PMID: 38646975 PMCID: PMC11033925 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is an essential factor for DNA metabolism. The influence of PCNA on DNA replication and repair, combined with the high expression rate of PCNA in various tumours renders PCNA a promising target for cancer therapy. In this context, an autodisplay-based screening method was developed to identify peptidic PCNA interaction inhibitors. A 12-mer randomized peptide library consisting of 2.54 × 106 colony-forming units was constructed and displayed at the surface of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells by autodisplay. Cells exhibiting an enhanced binding to fluorescent mScarlet-I-PCNA were enriched in four sorting rounds by flow cytometry. This led to the discovery of five peptide variants with affinity to mScarlet-I-PCNA. Among these, P3 (TCPLRWITHDHP) exhibited the highest binding signal. Subsequent flow cytometric analysis revealed a dissociation constant of 0.62 μM for PCNA-P3 interaction. Furthermore, the inhibition of PCNA interactions was investigated using p15, a PIP-box containing protein involved in DNA replication and repair. P3 inhibited the PCNA-p1551-70 interaction with a half maximal inhibitory activity of 16.2 μM, characterizing P3 as a potent inhibitor of the PCNA-p15 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hardebeck
- University of MünsterInstitute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryMünsterGermany
| | | | - Caroline Michalski
- University of MünsterInstitute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryMünsterGermany
| | - Sebastian Schreiber
- University of MünsterInstitute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryMünsterGermany
| | - Joachim Jose
- University of MünsterInstitute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryMünsterGermany
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Srivastava R, Dodda M, Zou H, Li X, Hu B. Tumor Niches: Perspectives for Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:904-922. [PMID: 37166370 PMCID: PMC10654996 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor with a median survival rate of only 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of only 6.8%, remains largely incurable despite the intensive multimodal treatment of surgical resection and radiochemotherapy. Developing effective new therapies is an unmet need for patients with GBM. Recent Advances: Targeted therapies, such as antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy, show great promise in treating GBM based upon increasing knowledge about brain tumor biology. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the plasticity, heterogeneity, and dynamics of tumor cells during GBM development and progression. Critical Issues: While antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy have been highly effective in some types of cancer, the disappointing results from clinical trials represent continued challenges in applying these treatments to GBM. Molecular and cellular heterogeneity of GBM is developed temporally and spatially, which profoundly contributes to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Future Directions: Deciphering mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity and mapping tumor niche trajectories and functions will provide a foundation for the development of more effective therapies for GBM patients. In this review, we discuss five different tumor niches and the intercellular and intracellular communications among these niches, including the perivascular, hypoxic, invasive, immunosuppressive, and glioma-stem cell niches. We also highlight the cellular and molecular biology of these niches and discuss potential strategies to target these tumor niches for GBM therapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 904-922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghana Dodda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Han Zou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Changsha, China
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Marangon D, Lecca D. Exosomal non-coding RNAs in glioma progression: insights into tumor microenvironment dynamics and therapeutic implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1275755. [PMID: 38020906 PMCID: PMC10646304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1275755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common and deadly types of brain tumors, known for their extensive genetic and epigenetic variability, which poses considerable challenges for pharmacological treatment. Glioma heterogeneity is also related to their intricate and dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME), which comprises a diverse array of cell types, including immune cells, vascular cells, glial cells, and neural precursors, collectively influencing tumor behavior and progression. A pivotal aspect of this intercellular communication relies on the exchange of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain and transfer complex molecular cargoes typical of their cells of origin, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, metabolites, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), that encompass microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Glioma cells actively release EVs loaded with specific ncRNAs that can target genes and other ncRNAs in recipient cells residing within the TME. Among these recipient cells, prominent players include tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAMs), non-neoplastic astrocytes and endothelial cells. The intricate interplay between EVs derived from glioma cells and these recipient cells significantly contributes to the establishment of a tumor-permissive microenvironment, promoting tumor cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and invasion, by targeting various downstream pathways. This review critically examines the current understanding of the intricate interplay between glioma, exosomal ncRNAs, and various components of the glioma TME. By shedding light on the roles of ncRNAs in mediating intercellular communication, this review underscores their significance in orchestrating TME transformation and highlights their potential as novel therapeutic targets for effectively tackling glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Marangon
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Hardebeck S, Schreiber S, Adick A, Langer K, Jose J. A FRET-Based Assay for the Identification of PCNA Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11858. [PMID: 37511614 PMCID: PMC10380293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is the key regulator of human DNA metabolism. One important interaction partner is p15, involved in DNA replication and repair. Targeting the PCNA-p15 interaction is a promising therapeutic strategy against cancer. Here, a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay for the analysis of the PCNA-p15 interaction was developed. Next to the application as screening tool for the identification and characterization of PCNA-p15 interaction inhibitors, the assay is also suitable for the investigation of mutation-induced changes in their affinity. This is particularly useful for analyzing disease associated PCNA or p15 variants at the molecular level. Recently, the PCNA variant C148S has been associated with Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder type 2 (ATLD2). ATLD2 is a neurodegenerative disease based on defects in DNA repair due to an impaired PCNA. Incubation time dependent FRET measurements indicated no effect on PCNAC148S-p15 affinity, but on PCNA stability. The impaired stability and increased aggregation behavior of PCNAC148S was confirmed by intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) measurements. The analysis of the disease associated PCNA variant demonstrated the versatility of the interaction assay as developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hardebeck
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacampus, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schreiber
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacampus, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Annika Adick
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Pharmacampus, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Langer
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Pharmacampus, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Jose
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacampus, 48149 Münster, Germany
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9
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Lang L, Chen F, Li Y, Shay C, Yang F, Dan H, Chen ZG, Saba NF, Teng Y. Adaptive c-Met-PLXDC2 Signaling Axis Mediates Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity to Confer Radioresistance-associated Aggressiveness in Head and Neck Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:659-671. [PMID: 37089864 PMCID: PMC10114932 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays an essential role in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), yet radioresistance remains a major barrier to therapeutic efficacy. A better understanding of the predominant pathways determining radiotherapy response could help develop mechanism-informed therapies to improve cancer management. Here we report that radioresistant HNSCC cells exhibit increased tumor aggressiveness. Using unbiased proteome profiler antibody arrays, we identify that upregulation of c-Met phosphorylation is one of the critical mechanisms for radioresistance in HNSCC cells. We further uncover that radioresistance-associated HNSCC aggressiveness is effectively exacerbated by c-Met but is suppressed by its genetic knockdown and pharmacologic inactivation. Mechanistically, the resulting upregulation of c-Met promotes elevated expression of plexin domain containing 2 (PLXDC2) through activating ERK1/2-ELK1 signaling, which in turn modulates cancer cell plasticity by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction and enrichment of the cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation, leading to resistance of HNSCC cells to radiotherapy. Depletion of PLXDC2 overcomes c-Met-mediated radioresistance through reversing the EMT progress and blunting the self-renewal capacity of CSCs. Therapeutically, the addition of SU11274, a selective and potent c-Met inhibitor, to radiation induces tumor shrinkage and limits tumor metastasis to lymph nodes in an orthotopic mouse model. Collectively, these significant findings not only demonstrate a novel mechanism underpinning radioresistance-associated aggressiveness but also provide a possible therapeutic strategy to target radioresistance in patients with HNSCC. Significance This work provides novel insights into c-Met-PLXDC2 signaling in radioresistance-associated aggressiveness and suggests a new mechanism-informed therapeutic strategy to overcome failure of radiotherapy in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Fanghui Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Chloe Shay
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory, University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hancai Dan
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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10
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Chen A, Chao Y, Zou H, McCarl LH, Kohanbash G, Hu B. Protocol to assess the antitumor efficacy of an immunotherapeutic peptide in syngeneic orthotopic glioma mouse models. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102049. [PMID: 36861832 PMCID: PMC10037209 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the glioblastoma (GBM) immune microenvironment and development of clinical treatment drugs rely on suitable preclinical GBM models. Here, we present a protocol to establish syngeneic orthotopic glioma mouse models. We also describe the steps to intracranially deliver immunotherapeutic peptides and monitor the treatment response. Finally, we show how to assess the tumor immune microenvironment with treatment outcomes. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Chen et al. (2021).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Yapeng Chao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Han Zou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lauren H McCarl
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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11
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Burko P, D’Amico G, Miltykh I, Scalia F, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Giglia G, Cappello F, Caruso Bavisotto C. Molecular Pathways Implicated in Radioresistance of Glioblastoma Multiforme: What Is the Role of Extracellular Vesicles? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054883. [PMID: 36902314 PMCID: PMC10003080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor that is very aggressive, resistant to treatment, and characterized by a high degree of anaplasia and proliferation. Routine treatment includes ablative surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, GMB rapidly relapses and develops radioresistance. Here, we briefly review the mechanisms underpinning radioresistance and discuss research to stop it and install anti-tumor defenses. Factors that participate in radioresistance are varied and include stem cells, tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, the chaperone system, non-coding RNAs, DNA repair, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). We direct our attention toward EVs because they are emerging as promising candidates as diagnostic and prognostication tools and as the basis for developing nanodevices for delivering anti-cancer agents directly into the tumor mass. EVs are relatively easy to obtain and manipulate to endow them with the desired anti-cancer properties and to administer them using minimally invasive procedures. Thus, isolating EVs from a GBM patient, supplying them with the necessary anti-cancer agent and the capability of recognizing a specified tissue-cell target, and reinjecting them into the original donor appears, at this time, as a reachable objective of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Burko
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa D’Amico
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilia Miltykh
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Medicine, Penza State University, 440026 Penza, Russia
| | - Federica Scalia
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Section of Human Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0916553501
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12
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Li Z, Li Y, Zhang Q, Ge W, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Hu J, Yuan L, Zhang W. Establishment of Bactrian Camel Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Prediction of Their Unique Pluripotency Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031917. [PMID: 36768240 PMCID: PMC9916525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate into all types of cells and can be used in livestock for research on biological development, genetic breeding, and in vitro genetic resource conservation. The Bactrian camel is a large domestic animal that inhabits extreme environments and holds value in the treatment of various diseases and the development of the local economy. Therefore, we transferred four mouse genes (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) into Bactrian camel fetal fibroblasts (BCFFs) using retroviruses with a large host range to obtain Bactrian camel induced pluripotent stem cells (bciPSCs). They were comprehensively identified based on cell morphology, pluripotency gene and marker expression, chromosome number, transcriptome sequencing, and differentiation potential. The results showed the pluripotency of bciPSCs. However, unlike stem cells of other species, late formation of stem cell clones was observed; moreover, the immunofluorescence of SSEA1, SSEA3, and SSEA4 were positive, and teratoma formation took four months. These findings may be related to the extremely long gestation period and species specificity of Bactrian camels. By mining RNA sequence data, 85 potential unique pluripotent genes of Bactrian camels were predicted, which could be used as candidate genes for the production of bciPSC in the future. Among them, ASF1B, DTL, CDCA5, PROM1, CYTL1, NUP210, Epha3, and SYT13 are more attractive. In conclusion, we generated bciPSCs for the first time and obtained their transcriptome information, expanding the iPSC genetic information database and exploring the applicability of iPSCs in livestock. Our results can provide an experimental basis for Bactrian camel ESC establishment, developmental research, and genetic resource conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yina Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qiran Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenbo Ge
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ligang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wangdong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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13
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Yu Y, Yu J, Ge S, Su Y, Fan X. Novel insight into metabolic reprogrammming in cancer radioresistance: A promising therapeutic target in radiotherapy. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:811-828. [PMID: 36778122 PMCID: PMC9910008 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.79928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, cancer treatment mainly consists of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy, of which radiotherapy is one of the major pillars. However, the occurrence of radioresistance largely limits its therapeutic effect. Metabolic reprogramming is an important hallmark in cancer progression and treatment resistance. In radiotherapy, DNA breakage is the major mechanism of cell damage, and in turn, cancer cells are prone to increase the metabolic flux of glucose, glutamine, serine, arginine, fatty acids etc., thus providing sufficient substrates and energy for DNA damage repair. Therefore, studying the linkage between metabolic reprogramming and cancer radioresistance may provide new ideas for improving the efficacy of tumor therapy. This review mainly focuses on the role of metabolic alterations, including glucose, amino acid, lipid, nucleotide and other ion metabolism, in radioresistance, and proposes possible therapeutic targets to improve the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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14
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Mahinfar P, Mansoori B, Rostamzadeh D, Baradaran B, Cho WC, Mansoori B. The Role of microRNAs in Multidrug Resistance of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3217. [PMID: 35804989 PMCID: PMC9265057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that develops from neuroglial stem cells and represents a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms. These tumors are predominantly correlated with a dismal prognosis and poor quality of life. In spite of major advances in developing novel and effective therapeutic strategies for patients with glioblastoma, multidrug resistance (MDR) is considered to be the major reason for treatment failure. Several mechanisms contribute to MDR in GBM, including upregulation of MDR transporters, alterations in the metabolism of drugs, dysregulation of apoptosis, defects in DNA repair, cancer stem cells, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large class of endogenous RNAs that participate in various cell events, including the mechanisms causing MDR in glioblastoma. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in the regulation of the underlying mechanisms in MDR glioblastoma which will open up new avenues of inquiry for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mahinfar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran; (P.M.); (B.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Behnaz Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran; (P.M.); (B.M.); (B.B.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 175-14115, Iran
| | - Davoud Rostamzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj 7591994799, Iran;
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj 7591994799, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran; (P.M.); (B.M.); (B.B.)
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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Vilar JB, Christmann M, Tomicic MT. Alterations in Molecular Profiles Affecting Glioblastoma Resistance to Radiochemotherapy: Where Does the Good Go? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102416. [PMID: 35626024 PMCID: PMC9139489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is a type of brain cancer that remains incurable. Despite multiple past and ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials, involving adjuvants to the conventional therapy and based on molecular targeting, no relevant benefit for patients’ survival has been achieved so far. The current first-line treatment regimen is based on ionizing radiation and the monoalkylating compound, temozolomide, and has been administered for more than 15 years. Glioblastoma is extremely resistant to most agents due to a mutational background that elicits quick response to insults and adapts to microenvironmental and metabolic changes. Here, we present the most recent evidence concerning the molecular features and their alterations governing pathways involved in GBM response to the standard radio-chemotherapy and discuss how they collaborate with acquired GBM’s resistance. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a brain tumor characterized by high heterogeneity, diffuse infiltration, aggressiveness, and formation of recurrences. Patients with this kind of tumor suffer from cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems, beyond exhibiting dismal survival rates. Current treatment comprises surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with the methylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ). GBMs harbor intrinsic mutations involving major pathways that elicit the cells to evade cell death, adapt to the genotoxic stress, and regrow. Ionizing radiation and TMZ induce, for the most part, DNA damage repair, autophagy, stemness, and senescence, whereas only a small fraction of GBM cells undergoes treatment-induced apoptosis. Particularly upon TMZ exposure, most of the GBM cells undergo cellular senescence. Increased DNA repair attenuates the agent-induced cytotoxicity; autophagy functions as a pro-survival mechanism, protecting the cells from damage and facilitating the cells to have energy to grow. Stemness grants the cells capacity to repopulate the tumor, and senescence triggers an inflammatory microenvironment favorable to transformation. Here, we highlight this mutational background and its interference with the response to the standard radiochemotherapy. We discuss the most relevant and recent evidence obtained from the studies revealing the molecular mechanisms that lead these cells to be resistant and indicate some future perspectives on combating this incurable tumor.
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16
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Jia C, Zhao Y, Huang H, Fan K, Xie T, Xie M. Apigenin sensitizes radiotherapy of mouse subcutaneous glioma through attenuations of cell stemness and DNA damage repair by inhibiting NF-κB/HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109038. [PMID: 35533901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The radioresistance of glioma is related to the presence of glioma stem cells. Apigenin, a natural flavonoid compound present in numerous health foods and edible plants, has inhibitory effects on a variety of glioma cells. However, the effects of apigenin on glioma and radiotherapy remain unclear. Here, we used radioresistant SU3-5R stem cells-inoculated subcutaneous glioma model to investigate the effects of apigenin and potential mechanisms. The results showed that after treatment of mouse subcutaneous glioma with apigenin 20 mg/kg for 12 days, irradiation 8 Gray twice or their combination, the tumor volume and weight were significantly decreased, especially in the combined treatment group. Apigenin treatment inhibited the activities of glycolytic related enzymes and expressions of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, hypoxia inducible factor-lα (HIF-1α), glucose transporter (GLUT)-1/3 and pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) proteins in tumor tissues. After treatment of SU3-5R cells with apigenin 7.5 μM, the fluorescence intensity of CD133 positive cells was decreased, the percentage of cells with comet tails caused by irradiation was increased, and the expressions of lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB p65, HIF-1α, GLUT-3 and PKM2 proteins were reduced. These results demonstrate that apigenin can sensitize the radiotherapy of subcutaneous glioma in nude mice, and its mechanisms may result from the attenuations of cell stemness and DNA damage repair by inhibiting NF-κB/HIF-1α-mediated glycolytic related enzymes and protein expressions. In conclusion, our findings suggest that apigenin and apigenin-rich health foods can be used in the radiotherapy of glioma as a radiosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Jia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Meilin Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
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17
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E2F and STAT3 provide transcriptional synergy for histone variant H2AZ activation to sustain glioblastoma chromatin accessibility and tumorigenicity. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1379-1394. [PMID: 35058574 PMCID: PMC9287453 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone variant H2AZ is overexpressed in diverse cancer types where it facilitates the accessibility of transcriptional regulators to the promoters of cell cycle genes. However, the molecular basis for its dysregulation in cancer remains unknown. Here, we report that glioblastomas (GBM) and glioma stem cells (GSCs) preferentially overexpress H2AZ for their proliferation, stemness and tumorigenicity. Chromatin accessibility analysis of H2AZ2 depleted GSC revealed that E2F1 occupies the enhancer region within H2AZ2 gene promoter, thereby activating H2AZ2 transcription. Exploration of other H2AZ2 transcriptional activators using a customized "anti-H2AZ2" query signature for connectivity map analysis identified STAT3. Co-targeting E2F and STAT3 synergistically reduced the levels of H2AZ, histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) and cell cycle gene transcription, indicating that E2F1 and STAT3 synergize to activate H2AZ gene transcription in GSCs. Remarkably, an E2F/STAT3 inhibitor combination durably suppresses GSC tumorigenicity in an orthotopic GBM xenograft model. In glioma patients, high STAT3 signaling is associated with high E2F1 and H2AZ2 expression. Thus, GBM has uniquely opted the use of E2F1- and STAT3-containing "enhanceosomes" that integrate multiple signaling pathways to achieve H2AZ gene activation, supporting a translational path for the E2F/STAT3 inhibitor combination to be applied in GBM treatment.
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18
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Wu Q, Yin X, Zhao W, Xu W, Chen L. Downregulation of SFRP2 facilitates cancer stemness and radioresistance of glioma cells via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260864. [PMID: 34852024 PMCID: PMC8635357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) is a glycoprotein with frizzled-like cysteine-rich domain that binds with Wnt ligands or frizzled receptors to regulate Wnt signaling. SFRP2 is frequently hypermethylated in glioma patients, and analysis of TCGA data indicates that SFRP2 is one of the most downregulated genes in radiotherapy treated glioma patients. In the present study, we aimed to explore the potential function of SFRP2 in tumorigenesis and radioresistance of glioma. The RNA sequencing data of TCGA glioma samples were downloaded and analyzed. SFRP2 expression in 166 glioma patients was evaluated by qRT-PCR. The potential functions of SFRP2 in glioma were evaluated by loss-of-function assays and gain-of-function assays in glioma cell lines. We found that SFRP2 was downregulated in radiotherapy-treated glioma patients, and low SFRP2 expression was correlated with advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis. CRISP/Cas9-meidated SFRP2 knockdown promoted soft agar colony formation, cancer stemness and radioresistance of glioma cells, while enforced SFRP2 expression exhibited opposite effects. Moreover, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated in radiotherapy treated glioma patients. SFRP2 knockdown activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in glioma cell lines, while overexpression of SFRP2 inhibited Wnt/β-catenin activation. Besides, pharmacological inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by XAV-939 abrogated the effects of SFRP2 knockdown on cancer stemness and radioresistance of glioma cells. Our data for the first time demonstrated a role of SFRP2 in radioresistance of glioma cells, and suggested that inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling might be a potential strategy for increasing radiosensitivity of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quansheng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wenli Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Laizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Brüning-Richardson A, Shaw GC, Tams D, Brend T, Sanganee H, Barry ST, Hamm G, Goodwin RJA, Swales JG, King H, Steele L, Morton R, Widyadari A, Ward TA, Esteves F, Boissinot M, Mavria G, Droop A, Lawler SE, Short SC. GSK-3 Inhibition Is Cytotoxic in Glioma Stem Cells through Centrosome Destabilization and Enhances the Effect of Radiotherapy in Orthotopic Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5939. [PMID: 34885051 PMCID: PMC8657225 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous data on glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibition in cancer models support a cytotoxic effect with selectivity for tumor cells compared to normal tissue but the effect of these inhibitors in glioma has not been widely studied. Here, we investigate their potential as cytotoxics in glioma. METHODS We assessed the effect of pharmacologic GSK-3 inhibition on established (U87, U251) and patient-derived (GBM1, GBM4) glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines using cytotoxicity assays as well as undertaking a detailed investigation of the effect on cell cycle, mitosis, and centrosome biology. We also assessed drug uptake and efficacy of GSK-3 inhibition alone and in combination with radiation in xenograft models. RESULTS Using the selective GSK-3 inhibitor AZD2858, we demonstrated single agent cytotoxicity in two patient-derived glioma cell lines (GBM1, GBM4) and two established cell lines (U251 and U87) with IC50 in the low micromolar range promoting centrosome disruption, failed mitosis, and S-phase arrest. Glioma xenografts exposed to AZD2858 also showed growth delay compared to untreated controls. Combined treatment with radiation increased the cytotoxic effect of clinical radiation doses in vitro and in orthotopic glioma xenografts. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that GSK-3 inhibition promotes cell death in glioma through disrupting centrosome function and promoting mitotic failure and that AZD2858 is an effective adjuvant to radiation at clinical doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Brüning-Richardson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Gary C. Shaw
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Daniel Tams
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Tim Brend
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Hitesh Sanganee
- Discovery Sciences BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK;
| | - Simon T. Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK;
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK; (G.H.); (R.J.A.G.); (J.G.S.)
| | - Richard J. A. Goodwin
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK; (G.H.); (R.J.A.G.); (J.G.S.)
| | - John G. Swales
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK; (G.H.); (R.J.A.G.); (J.G.S.)
| | - Henry King
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Lynette Steele
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Ruth Morton
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Anastasia Widyadari
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Thomas A. Ward
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Filomena Esteves
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Marjorie Boissinot
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Georgia Mavria
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Alastair Droop
- Leeds MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK;
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Susan C. Short
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
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20
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Yoon J, Grinchuk OV, Kannan S, Ang MJY, Li Z, Tay EXY, Lok KZ, Lee BWL, Chuah YH, Chia K, Tirado Magallanes R, Liu C, Zhao H, Hor JH, Lim JJ, Benoukraf T, Toh TB, Chow EKH, Kovalik JP, Ching J, Ng SY, Koh MJ, Liu X, Verma CS, Ong DST. A chemical biology approach reveals a dependency of glioblastoma on biotin distribution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf6033. [PMID: 34516894 PMCID: PMC8442857 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a uniformly lethal disease driven by glioma stem cells (GSCs). Here, we use a chemical biology approach to unveil previously unknown GBM dependencies. By studying sulconazole (SN) with anti-GSC properties, we find that SN disrupts biotin distribution to the carboxylases and histones. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of SN-treated GSCs reveal metabolic alterations that are characteristic of biotin-deficient cells, including intracellular cholesterol depletion, impairment of oxidative phosphorylation, and energetic crisis. Furthermore, SN treatment reduces histone biotinylation, histone acetylation, and expression of superenhancer-associated GSC critical genes, which are also observed when biotin distribution is genetically disrupted by holocarboxylase synthetase (HLCS) depletion. HLCS silencing impaired GSC tumorigenicity in an orthotopic xenograft brain tumor model. In GBM, high HLCS expression robustly indicates a poor prognosis. Thus, the dependency of GBM on biotin distribution suggests that the rational cotargeting of biotin-dependent metabolism and epigenetic pathways may be explored for GSC eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehyun Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oleg V. Grinchuk
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srinivasaraghavan Kannan
- Biomolecular Modeling and Design Division, Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Melgious Jin Yan Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Zhenglin Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Emmy Xue Yun Tay
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ker Zhing Lok
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernice Woon Li Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - You Heng Chuah
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kimberly Chia
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roberto Tirado Magallanes
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Chenfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Haonan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jin Hui Hor
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore , Singapore
| | - Jhin Jieh Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Touati Benoukraf
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore , Singapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore , Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Chandra Shekhar Verma
- Biomolecular Modeling and Design Division, Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138671, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Derrick Sek Tong Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore , Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
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21
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Wang L, Guo W, Guan H, Yan N, Cai X, Zhu L. Local anesthetic bupivacaine inhibits proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via suppressing PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22871. [PMID: 34338398 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Retrospective studies suggest that using local/regional anesthetic (LA/RA) is associated with better outcomes in primary HCC patients. In this study, we evaluated the effects of LA/RA bupivacaine in HCC cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The biological functions of bupivacaine in HCC cells were evaluated by transcriptome RNA sequencing, cell viability assay, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, western blot, wound healing assay, transwell cell migration assay, tumor xenograft formation, and lung metastasis assay. Bupivacaine suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of HepG2 and SNU-449 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Bupivacaine treatment also decreased colony formation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 and SNU-449 cells. In mouse models, bupivacaine repressed tumor xenograft growth and lung metastasis of HepG2 cells. Transcriptome sequencing of HepG2 cells suggested that PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways were suppressed by bupivacaine treatment. In western blot analysis, bupivacaine reduced the expression of total and phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, and MAPK. Furthermore, reactivated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling by EGF or NRG1 partially reversed the effects of bupivacaine on cell growth, colony formation, and invasion of HCC cells. Local anesthetic bupivacaine suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis of HCC cells. Our results provided novel insights into the local anesthetic bupivacaine in the therapy of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weijia Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongman Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ni Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolan Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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22
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Giuliani V, Miller MA, Liu CY, Hartono SR, Class CA, Bristow CA, Suzuki E, Sanz LA, Gao G, Gay JP, Feng N, Rose JL, Tomihara H, Daniele JR, Peoples MD, Bardenhagen JP, Geck Do MK, Chang QE, Vangamudi B, Vellano C, Ying H, Deem AK, Do KA, Genovese G, Marszalek JR, Kovacs JJ, Kim M, Fleming JB, Guccione E, Viale A, Maitra A, Emilia Di Francesco M, Yap TA, Jones P, Draetta G, Carugo A, Chedin F, Heffernan TP. PRMT1-dependent regulation of RNA metabolism and DNA damage response sustains pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4626. [PMID: 34330913 PMCID: PMC8324870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer that has remained clinically challenging to manage. Here we employ an RNAi-based in vivo functional genomics platform to determine epigenetic vulnerabilities across a panel of patient-derived PDAC models. Through this, we identify protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) as a critical dependency required for PDAC maintenance. Genetic and pharmacological studies validate the role of PRMT1 in maintaining PDAC growth. Mechanistically, using proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, we demonstrate that global inhibition of asymmetric arginine methylation impairs RNA metabolism, which includes RNA splicing, alternative polyadenylation, and transcription termination. This triggers a robust downregulation of multiple pathways involved in the DNA damage response, thereby promoting genomic instability and inhibiting tumor growth. Taken together, our data support PRMT1 as a compelling target in PDAC and informs a mechanism-based translational strategy for future therapeutic development.Statement of significancePDAC is a highly lethal cancer with limited therapeutic options. This study identified and characterized PRMT1-dependent regulation of RNA metabolism and coordination of key cellular processes required for PDAC tumor growth, defining a mechanism-based translational hypothesis for PRMT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Giuliani
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Meredith A Miller
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chiu-Yi Liu
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stella R Hartono
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Caleb A Class
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Erika Suzuki
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lionel A Sanz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Guang Gao
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason P Gay
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ningping Feng
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Johnathon L Rose
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hideo Tomihara
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, JP, USA
| | - Joseph R Daniele
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael D Peoples
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer P Bardenhagen
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary K Geck Do
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qing E Chang
- ORBIT, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bhavatarini Vangamudi
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Exo Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Vellano
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angela K Deem
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Kovacs
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Pharmacological Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Sheikh Ahmed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Emilia Di Francesco
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giulio Draetta
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frederic Chedin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Traction, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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23
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Catara G, Spano D. Combinatorial Strategies to Target Molecular and Signaling Pathways to Disarm Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:689131. [PMID: 34381714 PMCID: PMC8352560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.689131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an urgent public health issue with a very huge number of cases all over the world expected to increase by 2040. Despite improved diagnosis and therapeutic protocols, it remains the main leading cause of death in the world. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a tumor subpopulation defined by ability to self-renewal and to generate the heterogeneous and differentiated cell lineages that form the tumor bulk. These cells represent a major concern in cancer treatment due to resistance to conventional protocols of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. In fact, although partial or complete tumor regression can be achieved in patients, these responses are often followed by cancer relapse due to the expansion of CSCs population. The aberrant activation of developmental and oncogenic signaling pathways plays a relevant role in promoting CSCs therapy resistance. Although several targeted approaches relying on monotherapy have been developed to affect these pathways, they have shown limited efficacy. Therefore, an urgent need to design alternative combinatorial strategies to replace conventional regimens exists. This review summarizes the preclinical studies which provide a proof of concept of therapeutic efficacy of combinatorial approaches targeting the CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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24
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Chen SH, Lin HH, Li YF, Tsai WC, Hueng DY. Clinical Significance and Systematic Expression Analysis of the Thyroid Receptor Interacting Protein 13 (TRIP13) as Human Gliomas Biomarker. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102338. [PMID: 34066132 PMCID: PMC8150328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of malignant gliomas such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has remained poor due to limited therapeutic strategies. Thus, it is pivotal to determine prognostic factors for gliomas. Thyroid Receptor Interacting Protein 13 (TRIP13) was found to be overexpressed in several solid tumors, but its role and clinical significance in gliomas is still unclear. Here, we conducted a comprehensive expression analysis of TRIP13 to determine the prognostic values. Gene expression profiles of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and GSE16011 dataset showed increased TRIP13 expression in advanced stage and worse prognosis in IDH-wild type lower-grade glioma. We performed RT-PCR and Western blot to validate TRIP13 mRNA expression and protein levels in GBM cell lines. TRIP13 co-expressed genes via database screening were regulated by essential cancer-related upstream regulators (such as TP53 and FOXM1). Then, TCGA analysis revealed that more TRIP13 promoter hypomethylation was observed in GBM than in low-grade glioma. We also inferred that the upregulated TRIP13 levels in gliomas could be regulated by dysfunction of miR-29 in gliomas patient cohorts. Moreover, TRIP13-expressing tumors not only had higher aneuploidy but also tended to reduce the ratio of CD8+/Treg, which led to a worse survival outcome. Overall, these findings demonstrate that TRIP13 has with multiple functions in gliomas, and they may be crucial for therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Han Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Hong-Han Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.-F.L.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.-F.L.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18802)
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25
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Yu H, Zhang D, Lian M. Identification of an epigenetic prognostic signature for patients with lower-grade gliomas. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:470-483. [PMID: 33459509 PMCID: PMC7941239 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with survival outcome for patients with lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) being quite variable. Epigenetic modifications in LGGs appear tightly linked to patient clinical outcomes but are not commonly used as clinical tools. AIMS We aimed to derive an epigenetic enzyme gene signature for LGGs that would allow for improved clinical risk stratification. RESULTS The study employed transcriptomic data of 711 lower-grade gliomas from three publically available data sets. Based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis, we discovered a 13-gene epigenetic signature that strongly predicts poor overall survival in LGGs. The robust prediction ability for survival was further verified in two independent validation cohorts. The signature was also significantly associated with malignant molecular signatures including wild-type IDH, unmethylated MGMT promoter, and non-codeletion of 1p19q together with linkage to multiple oncogenic pathways. Interestingly, our results showed that immune infiltration of MDSCs together with mRNA expression of immune inhibition biomarkers was also positively correlated with the epigenetic signature. Lastly, we confirmed the oncogenic role of SMYD2 in glioma tumor cells in functional assays. CONCLUSIONS We report a novel epigenetic gene signature that harbors robust survival prediction value for LGG patients that is tightly linked to activation of multiple oncogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Center of Brain ScienceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Duanni Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Minxue Lian
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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26
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Dzikowski L, Mirzaei R, Sarkar S, Kumar M, Bose P, Bellail A, Hao C, Yong VW. Fibrinogen in the glioblastoma microenvironment contributes to the invasiveness of brain tumor-initiating cells. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12947. [PMID: 33694259 PMCID: PMC8412081 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly aggressive, recurrent, and lethal brain tumors that are maintained via brain tumor‐initiating cells (BTICs). The aggressiveness of BTICs may be dependent on the extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules that are highly enriched within the GBM microenvironment. Here, we investigated the expression of ECM molecules in GBM patients by mining the transcriptomic databases and also staining human GBM specimens. RNA levels for fibronectin, brevican, versican, heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2), and several laminins were high in GBMs compared to normal brain, and this was corroborated by immunohistochemistry. While fibrinogen transcript was at normal level in GBM, its protein immunoreactivity was prominent within GBM tissues. These ECM molecules in tumor specimens were in proximity to, and surrounding BTICs. In culture, fibronectin and pan‐laminin induced the adhesion of BTICs onto the plastic substratum. However, fibrinogen increased the size of the BTIC spheres by facilitating the adhesive property, motility, and invasiveness of BTICs. These features of elevated invasiveness were corroborated in resected GBM specimens by the close proximity of fibrinogen with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and‐9, which are proteases implicated in metastasis. Moreover, the effect of fibrinogen‐induced invasiveness was attenuated in BTICs where MMP‐2 and ‐9 have been inhibited with siRNAs or pharmacological inhibitors. Our results implicate fibrinogen in GBM as a mediator of the invasive properties of BTICs, and as a target for therapy to reduce BTIC tumorigenecity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Dzikowski
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Susobhan Sarkar
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mehul Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anita Bellail
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chunhai Hao
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Kim MJ, Cervantes C, Jung YS, Zhang X, Zhang J, Lee SH, Jun S, Litovchick L, Wang W, Chen J, Fang B, Park JI. PAF remodels the DREAM complex to bypass cell quiescence and promote lung tumorigenesis. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1698-1714.e6. [PMID: 33626321 PMCID: PMC8052288 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The DREAM complex orchestrates cell quiescence and the cell cycle. However, how the DREAM complex is deregulated in cancer remains elusive. Here, we report that PAF (PCLAF/KIAA0101) drives cell quiescence exit to promote lung tumorigenesis by remodeling the DREAM complex. PAF is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and is associated with poor prognosis. Importantly, Paf knockout markedly suppressed LUAD development in mouse models. PAF depletion induced LUAD cell quiescence and growth arrest. PAF is required for the global expression of cell-cycle genes controlled by the repressive DREAM complex. Mechanistically, PAF inhibits DREAM complex formation by binding to RBBP4, a core DREAM subunit, leading to transactivation of DREAM target genes. Furthermore, pharmacological mimicking of PAF-depleted transcriptomes inhibited LUAD tumor growth. Our results unveil how the PAF-remodeled DREAM complex bypasses cell quiescence to promote lung tumorigenesis and suggest that the PAF-DREAM axis may be a therapeutic vulnerability in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Jong Kim
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher Cervantes
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Youn-Sang Jung
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sohee Jun
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Larisa Litovchick
- Department of Internal Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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28
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Liu J, Gao L, Liao J, Yang J, Yuan F, Chen Q. Kiaa0101 serves as a prognostic marker and promotes invasion by regulating p38/snail1 pathway in glioma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:260. [PMID: 33708887 PMCID: PMC7940917 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Kiaa0101, a regulator of cell proliferation, is overexpressed in many malignant tumors. However, its role in promoting invasion of glioma is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of Kiaa0101 on glioma invasion and elucidated the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods We analyzed Kiaa0101 expression using datasets from four public databases, namely TCGA, CGGA, Gravendeel and Rembrandt as well as experimentally on 123 glioma samples via western blot (WB), RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We further quantified migration and invasion using wound healing and transwell assays. WB, IHC and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to detect expression of invasion related markers. Moreover, we detected tumor invasion of glioma cells in vivo in 5-week-old Balb/c nude mice. Results Kiaa0101 was upregulated in glioma, relative to non-tumor brain tissues, with the expression increasing with increase in glioma grade. Kiaa0101 mRNA expression was especially enriched in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 wild-type glioma. Kaplan-Meier analysis, based on the aforementioned datasets, revealed that high Kiaa0101 levels were significantly associated with worse overall survival. Besides, shRNA-mediated Kiaa0101 knockdown inhibited migration and invasion of glioma cells by reducing snail1 expression both in vitro and in vivo, whereas its upregulation enhanced malignant behaviors of these cells. Furthermore, Kiaa0101 regulated snail1 expression by activating the p38MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusions Our findings strongly indicate that Kiaa0101 is a prognostic biomarker for malignant tumors, and its inhibition may be an effective strategy for treating glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianmin Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji'an Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan'en Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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29
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Boyd NH, Tran AN, Bernstock JD, Etminan T, Jones AB, Gillespie GY, Friedman GK, Hjelmeland AB. Glioma stem cells and their roles within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Theranostics 2021; 11:665-683. [PMID: 33391498 PMCID: PMC7738846 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are the result of cellular alterations in cancer that support unrestricted growth and proliferation and result in further modifications in cell behavior, which are critical for tumor progression. Angiogenesis and therapeutic resistance are known to be modulated by hypoxia and other tumor microenvironments, such as acidic stress, both of which are core features of the glioblastoma microenvironment. Hypoxia has also been shown to promote a stem-like state in both non-neoplastic and tumor cells. In glial tumors, glioma stem cells (GSCs) are central in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance, and further investigation of the interplay between tumor microenvironments and GSCs is critical to the search for better treatment options for glioblastoma. Accordingly, we summarize the impact of hypoxia and acidic stress on GSC signaling and biologic phenotypes, and potential methods to inhibit these pathways.
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Hu B, Xu Y, Li Y, Huang J, Cheng J, Guo W, Yin Y, Gao Y, Wang P, Wu S, Zhou J, Fan J, Yang X. CD13 promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis and sorafenib resistance by activating HDAC5-LSD1-NF-κB oncogenic signaling. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e233. [PMID: 33377659 PMCID: PMC7708822 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE CD13 is a new marker for liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) that contributes to sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism of CD13 in HCC sorafenib resistance remains enigmatic. METHODS The expression of CD13 in HCC cell lines and tissues was assayed by RT-PCR, western-blot, and immunohistochemistry staining. Athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice model was used to study the in vivo functions of CD13. Clinical significance of CD13 was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier methods. Cellular proliferation rate was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 cell proliferation assay and colony formation assay. Tunel assay was used to detect cell death ratio. Transwell assay was used to evaluate the motility of cells. Immunoprecipitation (IP), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS, and co-IP were applied to investigate potential protein interactions of CD13. RESULTS In this research, we found that CD13 expression was higher in metastatic HCC samples, and its overexpression was predicted worse prognosis for patients after surgical resection. Functionally, CD13 promoted HCC proliferation, invasion, cell cycle progression as well as sorafenib resistance. Mechanistically, CD13 interacted with histone deacetylase5 (HDAC5) to promote its protein stability, thus resulting in HDAC5-mediated lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) deacetylation and protein stabilization. Consequently, LSD1 decreased the NF-κB catalytic unit p65 methylation that led to p65 protein stability. A CD13 inhibitor ubenimex in combination with sorafenib, suppressed the tumor growth and attenuated the resistance of HCC cells toward sorafenib in patient-derived xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS CD13 promotes HCC progression and induces sorafenib resistance, mainly via interacting with HDAC5 to prevent the degradation of p65 and activate NF-kB signaling pathway. CD13 is a prognostic indicator for HCC patients underwent curative resection as well as a predictor of response to treatment with sorafenib. Our study establishes the new therapeutic potential of targeting CD13-HDAC5-LSD1-NF-κB in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Cheng Li
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
| | - Jun‐Feng Huang
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Jian‐Wen Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory MedicineZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Peng‐Xiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Sui‐Yi Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
| | - Xin‐Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
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Chen Y, Jin Y, Ying H, Zhang P, Chen M, Hu X. Synergistic effect of PAF inhibition and X-ray irradiation in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Strahlenther Onkol 2020; 197:343-352. [PMID: 33231712 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-020-01708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proliferating cell nuclear antigen-associated factor (PAF) is involved in cancer cell growth and associated with cell death induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, the contribution of PAF to radiotherapy sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PAF expression and radiotherapy response in NSCLC. METHODS Associations between PAF expression and patient survival outcomes were evaluated using publicly available online gene expression datasets. RNA interference was performed to knockdown PAF expression in the NSCLC cells. The effects of PAF knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, DNA damage, and activation of MEK/ERK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways following X‑ray irradiation were evaluated in vitro. RESULTS PAF was found to be overexpressed in lung cancer tissues compared with normal samples, and elevated PAF expression was significantly correlated with inferior patient survival. In vitro, knockdown of PAF inhibited cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and migration induced by X‑ray irradiation. Moreover, X‑ray-induced intracellular DNA strand damage was more obvious following PAF knockdown. Additionally, PAF knockdown inhibited activation of the MEK/ERK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in X‑ray-irradiated A549 cells. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that reduced expression of PAF enhances radiosensitivity in NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, inhibition of the MEK/ERK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways caused by PAF interference may lead to impaired cell function and enhance sensitivity to X‑rays. Targeting PAF may therefore serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to increase the efficiency of radiotherapy in NSCLC patients, ultimately improving patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310022, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310022, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310022, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangjie Ying
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310022, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310022, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310022, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310022, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310022, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310022, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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32
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Parisian AD, Koga T, Miki S, Johann PD, Kool M, Crawford JR, Furnari FB. SMARCB1 loss interacts with neuronal differentiation state to block maturation and impact cell stability. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1316-1329. [PMID: 32912900 PMCID: PMC7528703 DOI: 10.1101/gad.339978.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) are challenging pediatric brain cancers that are predominantly associated with inactivation of the gene SMARCB1, a conserved subunit of the chromatin remodeling BAF complex, which has known contributions to developmental processes. To identify potential interactions between SMARCB1 loss and the process of neural development, we introduced an inducible SMARCB1 loss-of-function system into human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that were subjected to either directed neuronal differentiation or differentiation into cerebral organoids. Using this system, we identified substantial differences in the downstream effects of SMARCB1 loss depending on differentiation state and identified an interaction between SMARCB1 loss and neural differentiation pressure that causes a resistance to terminal differentiation and a defect in maintenance of a normal cell state. Our results provide insight into how SMARCB1 loss might interact with neural development in the process of ATRT tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison D Parisian
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Koga
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Shunichiro Miki
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Pascal D Johann
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - John R Crawford
- Department of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA; Rady Children's Hospital at San Diego, San Diego, California 92123, USA
| | - Frank B Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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33
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Ali MY, Oliva CR, Noman ASM, Allen BG, Goswami PC, Zakharia Y, Monga V, Spitz DR, Buatti JM, Griguer CE. Radioresistance in Glioblastoma and the Development of Radiosensitizers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2511. [PMID: 32899427 PMCID: PMC7564557 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a common and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Unfortunately, some GBMs are relatively radioresistant and patients have worse outcomes after radiation treatment. The mechanisms underlying intrinsic radioresistance in GBM has been rigorously investigated over the past several years, but the complex interaction of the cellular molecules and signaling pathways involved in radioresistance remains incompletely defined. A clinically effective radiosensitizer that overcomes radioresistance has yet to be identified. In this review, we discuss the current status of radiation treatment in GBM, including advances in imaging techniques that have facilitated more accurate diagnosis, and the identified mechanisms of GBM radioresistance. In addition, we provide a summary of the candidate GBM radiosensitizers being investigated, including an update of subjects enrolled in clinical trials. Overall, this review highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms of GBM radioresistance to facilitate the development of effective radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousuf Ali
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.R.O.); (B.G.A.); (P.C.G.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Claudia R. Oliva
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.R.O.); (B.G.A.); (P.C.G.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Abu Shadat M. Noman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh;
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.R.O.); (B.G.A.); (P.C.G.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Prabhat C. Goswami
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.R.O.); (B.G.A.); (P.C.G.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Yousef Zakharia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (Y.Z.); (V.M.)
| | - Varun Monga
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (Y.Z.); (V.M.)
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.R.O.); (B.G.A.); (P.C.G.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - John M. Buatti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Corinne E. Griguer
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.R.O.); (B.G.A.); (P.C.G.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
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Prognostic value and underlying mechanism of KIAA0101 in hepatocellular carcinoma: database mining and co-expression analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16420-16436. [PMID: 32855364 PMCID: PMC7485719 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although KIAA0101 is involved in many diseases, its expression and prognostic value in HCC remain undefined. According to CCLE, KIAA0101 is highly expressed in HCC, with a weak positive correlation between copy number and gene expression. Four studies involving 760 samples in ONCOMINE report elevated KIAA0101 expression in HCC (p=3.11E-22). The KM plotter revealed high KIAA0101 expression to be associated with worse overall survival in HCC (HR=2.09, p=4.1e-05); this prognostic power was stronger for male than female, early-stage than advanced-stage, and Asian than Caucasian patients. RNA sequencing data for 8 pairs of HCC and adjacent tissue samples validated the significantly high KIAA0101 level (p=0.00497). Moreover, functional annotations of 31 KIAA0101-coexpressed genes show enrichment of terms associated with mitosis, cytoskeleton construction, and chromosome segregation. Among 9 genes having STRING-validated protein-protein interactions with KIAA0101, two are involved in virus-related pathways. Alternative splicing analysis indicated higher expression of variant 1 and variant 2 in HCC and no significant differences in exon usage of KIAA0101 between cancer and normal tissues. These findings support that KIAA0101 is a potential prognostic biomarker for HCC and highlight the association between virus infection and the mechanism underlying the process by which KIAA0101 contributes to poor prognosis of patients.
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Hallal S, Azimi A, Wei H, Ho N, Lee MYT, Sim HW, Sy J, Shivalingam B, Buckland ME, Alexander-Kaufman KL. A Comprehensive Proteomic SWATH-MS Workflow for Profiling Blood Extracellular Vesicles: A New Avenue for Glioma Tumour Surveillance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134754. [PMID: 32635403 PMCID: PMC7369771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving outcomes for diffuse glioma patients requires methods that can accurately and sensitively monitor tumour activity and treatment response. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membranous nanoparticles that can traverse the blood-brain-barrier, carrying oncogenic molecules into the circulation. Measuring clinically relevant glioma biomarkers cargoed in circulating EVs could revolutionise how glioma patients are managed. Despite their suitability for biomarker discovery, the co-isolation of highly abundant complex blood proteins has hindered comprehensive proteomic studies of circulating-EVs. Plasma-EVs isolated from pre-operative glioma grade II-IV patients (n = 41) and controls (n = 11) were sequenced by Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) and data extraction was performed by aligning against a custom 8662-protein library. Overall, 4054 proteins were measured in plasma-EVs. Differentially expressed proteins and putative circulating-EV markers were identified (adj. p-value < 0.05), including those reported in previous in-vitro and ex-vivo glioma-EV studies. Principal component analysis showed that plasma-EV protein profiles clustered according to glioma histological-subtype and grade, and plasma-EVs resampled from patients with recurrent tumour progression grouped with more aggressive glioma samples. The extensive plasma-EV proteome profiles achieved here highlight the potential for SWATH-MS to define circulating-EV biomarkers for objective blood-based measurements of glioma activity that could serve as ideal surrogate endpoints to assess tumour progression and allow more dynamic, patient-centred treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Hallal
- Neurosurgery Department, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (S.H.); (B.S.)
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Ali Azimi
- Dermatology Department, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia;
| | - Heng Wei
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Nicholas Ho
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Maggie Yuk Ting Lee
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Hao-Wen Sim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Joanne Sy
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Brindha Shivalingam
- Neurosurgery Department, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (S.H.); (B.S.)
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Michael Edward Buckland
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Kimberley Louise Alexander-Kaufman
- Neurosurgery Department, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (S.H.); (B.S.)
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-8514-0675
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Gao X, Yang Y, Wang J, Zhang L, Sun C, Wang Y, Zhang J, Dong H, Zhang H, Gao C, Zhang B, Feng B, Mao W. Inhibition of mitochondria NADH-Ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) sensitizes the radioresistant glioma U87MG cells to radiation. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110460. [PMID: 32768950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation is a current standard treatment of glioma. The fractionated radiotherapy with low dose of radiation over weeks has been employed in glioma patients, while radiotherapy can only offer palliation due to the radioresistance. We cumulatively radiated a glioblastoma cell line, U87MG, and screened radioresistant glioma cells. A transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the transcription differences between the raidoresistant and control cells, which showed the mitochondria NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) subunits were up-regulated in the radioresistant cells. The copy numbers of mitochondria were increased in the radioresistant glioma cells. After using mitochondria Complex I inhibitors, rotenone and metformin, to treat glioma cells, we found the resistant glioma cells re-sensitized to radiation. These results demonstrate that Complex I is associated with the fractioned radiation-induced radioresistance of glioma and would be a potent target for clinical radiotherapy of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yanqin Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Department of Radiotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Caifeng Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jingkai Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Haoyu Dong
- Eight-year Clinical Medicine Education Program, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chuanzhou Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bin Feng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Weifeng Mao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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37
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Iveland TS, Hagen L, Sharma A, Sousa MML, Sarno A, Wollen KL, Liabakk NB, Slupphaug G. HDACi mediate UNG2 depletion, dysregulated genomic uracil and altered expression of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors in B- and T-cell lines. J Transl Med 2020; 18:159. [PMID: 32264925 PMCID: PMC7137348 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) belong to a new group of chemotherapeutics that are increasingly used in the treatment of lymphocyte-derived malignancies, but their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here we aimed to identify novel protein targets of HDACi in B- and T-lymphoma cell lines and to verify selected candidates across several mammalian cell lines. METHODS Jurkat T- and SUDHL5 B-lymphocytes were treated with the HDACi SAHA (vorinostat) prior to SILAC-based quantitative proteome analysis. Selected differentially expressed proteins were verified by targeted mass spectrometry, RT-PCR and western analysis in multiple mammalian cell lines. Genomic uracil was quantified by LC-MS/MS, cell cycle distribution analyzed by flow cytometry and class switch recombination monitored by FACS in murine CH12F3 cells. RESULTS SAHA treatment resulted in differential expression of 125 and 89 proteins in Jurkat and SUDHL5, respectively, of which 19 were commonly affected. Among these were several oncoproteins and tumor suppressors previously not reported to be affected by HDACi. Several key enzymes determining the cellular dUTP/dTTP ratio were downregulated and in both cell lines we found robust depletion of UNG2, the major glycosylase in genomic uracil sanitation. UNG2 depletion was accompanied by hyperacetylation and mediated by increased proteasomal degradation independent of cell cycle stage. UNG2 degradation appeared to be ubiquitous and was observed across several mammalian cell lines of different origin and with several HDACis. Loss of UNG2 was accompanied by 30-40% increase in genomic uracil in freely cycling HEK cells and reduced immunoglobulin class-switch recombination in murine CH12F3 cells. CONCLUSION We describe several oncoproteins and tumor suppressors previously not reported to be affected by HDACi in previous transcriptome analyses, underscoring the importance of proteome analysis to identify cellular effectors of HDACi treatment. The apparently ubiquitous depletion of UNG2 and PCLAF establishes DNA base excision repair and translesion synthesis as novel pathways affected by HDACi treatment. Dysregulated genomic uracil homeostasis may aid interpretation of HDACi effects in cancer cells and further advance studies on this class of inhibitors in the treatment of APOBEC-expressing tumors, autoimmune disease and HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias S Iveland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Cancer Clinic, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Mirta M L Sousa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Lied Wollen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nina Beate Liabakk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. .,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway.
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38
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Chen P, Hsu WH, Chang A, Tan Z, Lan Z, Zhou A, Spring DJ, Lang FF, Wang YA, DePinho RA. Circadian Regulator CLOCK Recruits Immune-Suppressive Microglia into the GBM Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:371-381. [PMID: 31919052 PMCID: PMC7058515 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor containing a subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSC). Pan-cancer analyses have revealed that stemness of cancer cells correlates positively with immunosuppressive pathways in many solid tumors, including GBM, prompting us to conduct a gain-of-function screen of epigenetic regulators that may influence GSC self-renewal and tumor immunity. The circadian regulator CLOCK emerged as a top hit in enhancing stem-cell self-renewal, which was amplified in about 5% of human GBM cases. CLOCK and its heterodimeric partner BMAL1 enhanced GSC self-renewal and triggered protumor immunity via transcriptional upregulation of OLFML3, a novel chemokine recruiting immune-suppressive microglia into the tumor microenvironment. In GBM models, CLOCK or OLFML3 depletion reduced intratumoral microglia density and extended overall survival. We conclude that the CLOCK-BMAL1 complex contributes to key GBM hallmarks of GSC maintenance and immunosuppression and, together with its downstream target OLFML3, represents new therapeutic targets for this disease. SIGNIFICANCE: Circadian regulator CLOCK drives GSC self-renewal and metabolism and promotes microglia infiltration through direct regulation of a novel microglia-attracting chemokine, OLFML3. CLOCK and/or OLFML3 may represent novel therapeutic targets for GBM.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen-Hao Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhi Tan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhengdao Lan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ashley Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Denise J Spring
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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González-Magaña A, de Opakua AI, Merino N, Monteiro H, Diercks T, Murciano-Calles J, Luque I, Bernadó P, Cordeiro TN, Biasio AD, Blanco FJ. Double Monoubiquitination Modifies the Molecular Recognition Properties of p15 PAF Promoting Binding to the Reader Module of Dnmt1. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2315-2326. [PMID: 31479228 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-associated factor p15PAF is a nuclear protein that acts as a regulator of DNA repair during DNA replication. The p15PAF gene is overexpressed in several types of human cancer, and its function is regulated by monoubiquitination of two lysines (K15 and K24) at the protein N-terminal region. We have previously shown that p15PAF is an intrinsically disordered protein which partially folds upon binding to PCNA and independently contacts DNA through its N-terminal tail. Here we present an NMR conformational characterization of p15PAF monoubiquitinated at both K15 and K24 via a disulfide bridge mimicking the isopeptide bond. We show that doubly monoubiquitinated p15PAF is monomeric, intrinsically disordered, and binds to PCNA as nonubiquitinated p15PAF does but interacts with DNA with reduced affinity. Our SAXS-derived conformational ensemble of doubly monoubiquitinated p15PAF shows that the ubiquitin moieties, separated by eight disordered residues, form transient dimers because of the high local effective ubiquitin concentration. This observation and the sequence similarity with histone H3 N-terminal tail suggest that doubly monoubiquitinated p15PAF is a binding target of DNA methyl transferase Dnmt1, as confirmed by calorimetry. Therefore, doubly monoubiquitinated p15PAF directly interacts with PCNA and recruits Dnmt1 for maintenance of DNA methylation during replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hugo Monteiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xabier, ITQB NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Javier Murciano-Calles
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Irene Luque
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Pau Bernadó
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, INSERM, CNRS, and Université Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Tiago N. Cordeiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xabier, ITQB NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alfredo De Biasio
- Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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Abstract
Although we have come a long way in our understanding of the signals that drive cancer growth, and how these signals can be targeted, effective control of this disease remains a key scientific and medical challenge. The therapy resistance and relapse that are commonly seen are driven in large part by the inherent heterogeneity within cancers that allows drugs to effectively eliminate some, but not all, malignant cells. Here, we focus on the fundamental drivers of this heterogeneity by examining emerging evidence that shows that these traits are often controlled by the disruption of normal cell fate and aberrant adoption of stem cell signals. We discuss how undifferentiated cells are preferentially primed for transformation and often serve as the cell of origin for cancers. We also consider evidence showing that activation of stem cell programmes in cancers can lead to progression, therapy resistance and metastatic growth and that targeting these attributes may enable better control over a difficult disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki K Lytle
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alison G Barber
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Targeting cancer stem cells and their niche: perspectives for future therapeutic targets and strategies. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:139-155. [PMID: 30081228 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A small subpopulation of cells within the bulk of tumors share features with somatic stem cells, in that, they are capable of self-renewal, they differentiate, and are highly resistant to conventional therapy. These cells have been referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recent reports support the central importance of a cancer stem cell-like niche that appears to help foster the generation and maintenance of CSCs. In response to signals provided by this microenvironment, CSCs express the tumorigenic characteristics that can drive tumor metastasis by the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) that in turn fosters the migration and recolonization of the cells as secondary tumors within metastatic niches. We summarize here recent advances in cancer stem cell research including the characterization of their genetic and epigenetic features, metabolic specialities, and crosstalk with aging-associated processes. Potential strategies for targeting CSCs, and their niche, by regulating CSCs plasticity, or therapeutic sensitivity is discussed. Finally, it is hoped that new strategies and related therapeutic approaches as outlined here may help prevent the formation of the metastatic niche, as well as counter tumor progression and metastatic growth.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Brain tumors are composed of primary tumors of the central nervous system, such us glioblastoma (GBM), and secondary metastatic tumors, such as melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma as well as lung and breast cancers. Brain tumors are highly deadly, and unfortunately not many improvements have been achieved to improve the survival of patients with brain tumors. Chemoradiation resistance is one of the most clinically relevant challenges faced in patients with brain tumors. The perivascular niche is one of the most relevant microenvironment hubs in brain tumors. The understanding of the cellular crosstalk established within the brain tumor perivascular niche might provide us with key discoveries of new brain tumor vulnerabilities. RECENT FINDINGS Radio and chemoresistance in GBM and brain metastases is attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs), which intrinsically modulate several pathways that make them resistant to therapy. Growing evidence, however, highlights the perivascular space as a niche for CSC survival, resistance to therapy, progression and dissemination. Here, I review the latest discoveries on the components and features of brain tumor vascular niches and the possible therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting its vulnerabilities, thus preventing GBM and metastasis chemoradiation resistance and recurrence. SUMMARY Recent discoveries suggest that targeting the brain perivascular niche has the potential of sensitizing brain tumors to therapies and reducing the occurrence of metastases.
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