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Xia L, Jiang JH, Liu JY, Zhang TY, Dong YX, Liu QH, Chai YF, Liu YC, Shou ST. H-151 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting the STING-TBK1 pathway. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2363591. [PMID: 38856314 PMCID: PMC11168233 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2363591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe systemic infectious disease that often leads to multi-organ dysfunction. One of the common and serious complications of sepsis is renal injury. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanistic role of a novel compound called H-151 in septic kidney injury. We also examined its impact on renal function and mouse survival rates. Initially, we confirmed abnormal activation of the STING-TBK1 signaling pathway in the kidneys of septic mice. Subsequently, we treated the mice with H-151 and observed significant improvement in sepsis-induced renal dysfunction. This was evidenced by reductions in blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, as well as a marked decrease in inflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, H-151 substantially improved the seven-day survival rate of septic mice, indicating its therapeutic potential. Importantly, H-151 also exhibited an inhibitory effect on renal apoptosis levels, further highlighting its mechanism of protecting against septic kidney injury. These study findings not only offer new insights into the treatment of septic renal injury but also provide crucial clues for further investigations into the regulatory mechanisms of the STING-TBK1 signaling pathway and potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-hui Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie-yu Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian-yi Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-xin Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi-hui Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Fen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-cun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Song-tao Shou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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2
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Zhou G, Wang X, Guo M, Qu C, Gao L, Yu J, Li Y, Luo S, Shi Q, Guo Y. Mitophagy deficiency activates stimulator of interferon genes activation and aggravates pathogenetic cardiac remodeling. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101074. [PMID: 39281830 PMCID: PMC11399633 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) has recently been found to play a crucial role in cardiac sterile inflammation and dysfunction. The role of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in cardiac sterile inflammation and dysfunction has been recently discovered. This study aims to examine the involvement of STING in pathological cardiac remodeling and the mechanisms that govern the activation of the STING pathway. To investigate this, transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed on STING knockout mice to induce pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling. Subsequently, cardiac function, remodeling, and inflammation levels were evaluated. The STING pathway was found to be activated in the pressure overload-stressed heart and angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Loss of STING expression led to a significant reduction in inflammatory responses, mitochondrial fragmentation, and oxidative stress in the heart, resulting in attenuated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Furthermore, the exacerbation of pressure overload-induced STING-mediated inflammation and pathological cardiac remodeling was observed when mitophagy was suppressed through the silencing of Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Taken together, these findings indicate that STING represents a newly identified and significant molecule implicated in the process of pathological cardiac remodeling and that mitophagy is an upstream mechanism that regulates STING activation. Targeting STING may therefore provide a novel therapeutic strategy for pathological cardiac remodeling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingyu Guo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Can Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuanjing Li
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Suxin Luo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yongzheng Guo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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3
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Ahmad Z, Kahloan W, Rosen ED. Transcriptional control of metabolism by interferon regulatory factors. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:573-587. [PMID: 38769435 PMCID: PMC11392651 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) comprise a family of nine transcription factors in mammals. IRFs exert broad effects on almost all aspects of immunity but are best known for their role in the antiviral response. Over the past two decades, IRFs have been implicated in metabolic physiology and pathophysiology, partly as a result of their known functions in immune cells, but also because of direct actions in adipocytes, hepatocytes, myocytes and neurons. This Review focuses predominantly on IRF3 and IRF4, which have been the subject of the most intense investigation in this area. IRF3 is located in the cytosol and undergoes activation and nuclear translocation in response to various signals, including stimulation of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors and the cGAS-STING pathways. IRF3 promotes weight gain, primarily by inhibiting adipose thermogenesis, and also induces inflammation and insulin resistance using both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms. IRF4, meanwhile, is generally pro-thermogenic and anti-inflammatory and has profound effects on lipogenesis and lipolysis. Finally, new data are emerging on the role of other IRF family members in metabolic homeostasis. Taken together, data indicate that IRFs serve as critical yet underappreciated integrators of metabolic and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunair Ahmad
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Wahab Kahloan
- AdventHealth Orlando Family Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Mohammadi S, Khorasani M. Implications of the cGAS-STING pathway in diabetes: Risk factors and therapeutic strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134210. [PMID: 39069057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and impaired insulin action. Although the pathogenesis of diabetes is multifactorial, emerging evidence suggests that chronic low-grade inflammation plays a significant role in the development and progression of the disease. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its downstream signaling pathway, the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), have recently gained attention in the field of diabetes research. This article aims to provide an overview of the role of cGAS-STING in diabetes, focusing on its involvement in the regulation of immune responses, inflammation, insulin resistance, and β-cell dysfunction. Understanding the contribution of cGAS-STING signaling in diabetes may lead to the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for this prevalent metabolic disorder. The results section presents key findings from multiple studies on the impact of STING in diabetes. It discusses the influence of STING on inflammation levels within a diabetic environment, its effect on insulin resistance, and its implications for the development and progression of diabetes. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the development and progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mohammadi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 611, Oman
| | - Milad Khorasani
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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5
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Cui L, Xu X, Fan H, Wan X, Chen Q, Zhang J, Tao C, Du Z, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zeng J, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Li L, Bu Y, Lei Y. Reuterin promotes pyroptosis in hepatocellular cancer cells through mtDNA-mediated STING activation and caspase 8 expression. Cancer Lett 2024; 601:217183. [PMID: 39153728 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer with poor prognosis. The available drugs for advanced HCC are limited and substantial therapeutic advances including new drugs and new combination therapies are still in urgent need. In this study, we found that the major metabolite of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), reuterin showed great anti-HCC potential and could help in sorafenib treatment. Reuterin treatment impaired mitophagy and caused the aberrant clustering of mitochondrial nucleoids to block mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and mitochondrial fission, which could promote mtDNA leakage and subsequent STING activation in HCC cells. STING could activate pyroptosis and necroptosis, while reuterin treatment also induced caspase 8 expression to inhibit necroptosis through cleaving RIPK3 in HCC cells. Thus, pyroptosis was the main death form in reuterin-treated HCC cells and STING suppression remarkably rescued the growth inhibitory effect of reuterin and concurrently knockdown caspase 8 synergized to restrain the induction of pyroptosis. In conclusion, our study explains the detailed molecular mechanisms of the antitumor effect of reuterin and reveals its potential to perform as a combinational drug for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyan Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Oncology and Department of Palliative Care, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Chuntao Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zheng Du
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- College of Life Sciences and Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chundong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Longhao Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yunlong Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, China.
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6
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Ouyang W, Yan D, Hu J, Liu Z. Multifaceted mitochondrial as a novel therapeutic target in dry eye: insights and interventions. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:398. [PMID: 39242592 PMCID: PMC11379830 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry eye, recognized as the most prevalent ocular surface disorder, has risen to prominence as a significant public health issue, adversely impacting the quality of life for individuals across the globe. Despite decades of extensive research into the chronic inflammation that characterizes dry eye, the intricate mechanisms fueling this persistent inflammatory state remain incompletely understood. Among the various cellular components under investigation, mitochondria-essential for cellular energy production and homeostasis-have attracted increasing attention for their role in dry eye pathogenesis. This involvement points to mechanisms such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, and sustained inflammation, which are central to the progression of the disease. This review aims to provide a thorough exploration of mitochondrial dysfunction in dry eye, shedding light on the critical roles played by mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial DNA damage. It delves into the mechanisms through which diverse pathogenic factors may trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby contributing to the onset and exacerbation of dry eye. Furthermore, it lays the groundwork for an overview of current therapeutic strategies that specifically target mitochondrial dysfunction, underscoring their potential in managing this complex condition. By spotlighting this burgeoning area of research, our review seeks to catalyze the development of innovative drug discovery and therapeutic approaches. The ultimate goal is to unlock promising avenues for the future management of dry eye, potentially revolutionizing treatment paradigms and improving patient outcomes. Through this comprehensive examination, we endeavor to enrich the scientific community's understanding of dry eye and inspire novel interventions that address the underlying mitochondrial dysfunctions contributing to this widespread disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Ouyang
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaoyue Hu
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Department of Ophthalmology of Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Department of Ophthalmology of Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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7
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Qu L. The protective effect of Artemisia Capillaris Thunb. Extract against UVB-induced apoptosis and inflammation through inhibiting the cGAS/STING pathway. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 258:112989. [PMID: 39032373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation represents a significant environmental threat to human skin. This study investigates the protective mechanism of Artemisia Capillaris Thunb. (AC) extract against UVB-induced apoptosis and inflammation in HaCaT keratinocytes. AC extract demonstrated a significant protective effect, as evidenced by reduced early apoptosis, late apoptosis, and necrosis, as well as decreased apoptotic cell status upon UVB exposure. Additionally, AC extract effectively inhibited UVB-induced DNA damage, as indicated by diminished γ-H2AX foci formation. Restoration of mitochondrial damage and normalization of mitochondrial membrane potential, along with the reduction of intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, were observed with AC extract pre-treatment. The extract also exhibited anti-inflammatory properties, evidenced by the decreased release of IL-1α, IL-6, and PGE2 from keratinocytes. Additional research on the molecular mechanisms uncovered that the AC extract alters the cGAS/STING pathway, suppressing the mRNA (cGAS, STING, IRF3, IRF7 and TBK1) and protein levels (cGAS, STING, IRF3, IRF7 and NF-κB) linked to this particular pathway. The HPLC analysis identified chlorogenic acid and its derivatives as the major components in AC, constituting up to 16.44% of the total chlorogenic acid content. The cGAS/STING signaling pathway was found to be suppressed by chlorogenic acid and its derivatives, as indicated by molecular docking studies and RT-qPCR analysis. This suppression contributes to the protective effects against cell apoptosis and inflammation induced by UVB. To summarize, AC extract, which is abundant in chlorogenic acid and its derivatives, shows potential in protecting keratinocytes from damage caused by UVB by regulating the cGAS/STING signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Chen
- Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Biomedical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201702, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Biomedical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201702, China
| | - Liping Qu
- Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Biomedical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201702, China.
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8
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Preeti K, Sood A, Fernandes V, Khan I, Khatri DK, Singh SB. Experimental Type 2 diabetes and lipotoxicity-associated neuroinflammation involve mitochondrial DNA-mediated cGAS/STING axis: implication of Type-1 interferon response in cognitive impairment. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6217-6244. [PMID: 38285288 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Type-1 IFN (interferon)-associated innate immune response is increasingly getting attention in neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, its significance in T2DM/lipotoxicity-induced neuroglia changes and cognitive impairment is missing. The present study aims to evaluate the involvement of cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase)-STING (stimulator of interferon gene), IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3), TBK (TANK binding kinase)-mediated Type-1 IFN response in the diabetic brain, and lipotoxicity (palmitate-bovine serum albumin conjugate/PA-BSA)-induced changes in cells (neuro2a and BV2). T2DM was induced in C57/BL6 mice by feeding on a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% Kcal) for 16 weeks and injecting a single dose of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg, i.p) in the 12th week. Plasma biochemical parameter analysis, neurobehavioral assessment, protein expression, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction study were carried out to decipher the hypothesis. T2DM-associated metabolic and lipotoxic stress led to mitochondrial impairment causing leakage of mtDNA to the cytoplasm further commencing cGAS activation and its downstream signaling. The diseased hippocampus and cortex showed decreased expression of synaptophysin (p < 0.01) and PSD-95 (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) with increased expression of cGAS (p < 0.001), p-STING (p < 0.001), p-STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) (p < 0.01), and IFN-β (p < 0.001) compared to normal control. The IFN-β/p-STAT1-mediated microglia activation was executed employing a conditioned media approach. C-176, a selective STING inhibitor, alleviated cGAS/p-STING/IFN-β expression and proinflammatory microglia/M1-associated markers (CD16 expression, CXCL10, TNF-α, IL-1β mRNA fold change) in the diabetic brain. The present study suggests Type-1IFN response may result in neuroglia dyshomeostasis affecting normal brain function. Alleviating STING signaling has the potential to protect T2DM-associated central ailment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Preeti
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Anika Sood
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Islauddin Khan
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Mumbai, 400056, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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9
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Kwak H, Lee E, Karki R. DNA sensors in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39158380 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
DNA sensors generally initiate innate immune responses through the production of type I interferons. While extensively studied for host defense against invading pathogens, emerging evidence highlights the involvement of DNA sensors in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Elevated levels of modified, damaged, or ectopically localized self-DNA and non-self-DNA have been observed in patients and animal models with obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. The accumulation of cytosolic DNA aberrantly activates DNA signaling pathways, driving the pathological progression of these disorders. This review highlights the roles of specific DNA sensors, such as cyclic AMP-GMP synthase and stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), interferon gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and DEAD-box helicase 41 (DDX41) in various metabolic disorders. We explore how DNA signaling pathways in both immune and non-immune cells contribute to the development of these diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the intricate interplay between metabolic stress and immune responses, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms of DNA sensor signaling in these contexts provides a foundation for developing novel interventions aimed at mitigating the impact of these pervasive health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosang Kwak
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ein Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Nexus Institute of Research and Innovation (NIRI), Kathmandu, Nepal
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10
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Tang M, Zhang Z, Wang P, Zhao F, Miao L, Wang Y, Li Y, Li Y, Gao Z. Advancements in precision nanomedicine design targeting the anoikis-platelet interface of circulating tumor cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:3457-3475. [PMID: 39220884 PMCID: PMC11365446 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis, the apex of cancer progression, poses a formidable challenge in therapeutic endeavors. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), resilient entities originating from primary tumors or their metastases, significantly contribute to this process by demonstrating remarkable adaptability. They survive shear stress, resist anoikis, evade immune surveillance, and thwart chemotherapy. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the intricate landscape of CTC formation, metastatic mechanisms, and the myriad factors influencing their behavior. Integral signaling pathways, such as integrin-related signaling, cellular autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and interactions with platelets, are examined in detail. Furthermore, we explore the realm of precision nanomedicine design, with a specific emphasis on the anoikis‒platelet interface. This innovative approach strategically targets CTC survival mechanisms, offering promising avenues for combatting metastatic cancer with unprecedented precision and efficacy. The review underscores the indispensable role of the rational design of platelet-based nanomedicine in the pursuit of restraining CTC-driven metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqing Tang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yingpeng Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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11
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Chen Q, Wang Y, Wang J, Ouyang X, Zhong J, Huang Y, Huang Z, Zheng B, Peng L, Tang X, Li S. Lipotoxicity Induces Cardiomyocyte Ferroptosis via Activating the STING Pathway. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 39001814 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yina Wang
- VIP medical service center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junlin Zhong
- Department of Ultrasonography, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoshan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benrong Zheng
- VIP medical service center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xixiang Tang
- VIP medical service center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suhua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zhou M, Huang C, Xia W, Li J, You H. The effects of cGAS-STING inhibition in liver disease, kidney disease, and cellular senescence. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346446. [PMID: 39114669 PMCID: PMC11303230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway is one of the fundamental mechanisms of the body's defense, which responds to the abnormal presence of double-stranded DNA in the cytoplasm to establish an effective natural immune response. In addition to detecting microbial infections, the cGAS pathway may be triggered by any cytoplasmic DNA, which is absent from the normal cytoplasm, and only conditions such as senescence and mitochondrial stress can lead to its leakage and cause sterile inflammation. A growing body of research has shown that the cGAS-STING pathway is strongly associated with sterile inflammation. In this study, we reviewed the regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of the cGAS-STING pathway through its involvement in aseptic inflammation in liver disease, kidney disease, and cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shangyu People’s Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shangyu People’s Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, China
| | - Haichao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shangyu People’s Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, China
| | - Minmin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shangyu People’s Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjiang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Shangyu People’s Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongmei You
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Hu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Xu X, Zhang T, Zhang T, Zhang S, Hu R, Shi L, Wang X, Li J, Shen H, Liu J, Noda M, Peng Y, Long J. Sleep Deprivation Triggers Mitochondrial DNA Release in Microglia to Induce Neural Inflammation: Preventative Effect of Hydroxytyrosol Butyrate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:833. [PMID: 39061901 PMCID: PMC11273532 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and neural inflammation, leading to cognitive impairment and mental issues. However, the mechanism involving mitochondrial dysfunction and neural inflammation still remains unclear. Here, we report that SD rats exhibited multiple behavioral disorders, brain oxidative stress, and robust brain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) oxidation. In particular, SD activated microglia and microglial mtDNA efflux to the cytosol and provoked brain pro-inflammatory cytokines. We observed that the mtDNA efflux and pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly reduced with the suppression of the mtDNA oxidation. With the treatment of a novel mitochondrial nutrient, hydroxytyrosol butyrate (HTHB), the SD-induced behavioral disorders were significantly ameliorated while mtDNA oxidation, mtDNA release, and NF-κB activation were remarkably alleviated in both the rat brain and the N9 microglial cell line. Together, these results indicate that microglial mtDNA oxidation and the resultant release induced by SD mediate neural inflammation and HTHB prevents mtDNA oxidation and efflux, providing a potential treatment for SD-induced mental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachong Hu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Yongyao Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Yifang Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China; (X.X.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tinghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China; (X.X.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Shuangxi Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Ranrui Hu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Le Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Xudong Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China;
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
- School of Health and Life Science, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mami Noda
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Immunophenotyping, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
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14
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Issa W, Njeim R, Carrazco A, Burke GW, Mitrofanova A. Role of the Innate Immune Response in Glomerular Disease Pathogenesis: Focus on Podocytes. Cells 2024; 13:1157. [PMID: 38995008 PMCID: PMC11240682 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammatory and immunologic processes play a significant role in the development and progression of glomerular diseases. Podocytes, the terminally differentiated epithelial cells, are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. Once injured, podocytes cannot regenerate, leading to progressive proteinuric glomerular diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that podocytes not only maintain the glomerular filtration barrier and are important targets of immune responses but also exhibit many features of immune-like cells, where they are involved in the modulation of the activity of innate and adaptive immunity. This dual role of podocytes may lead to the discovery and development of new therapeutic targets for treating glomerular diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the innate immunity mechanisms involved in podocyte injury and the progression of proteinuric glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadih Issa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rachel Njeim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Arianna Carrazco
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - George W Burke
- Division of Kidney-Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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15
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Xu Q, Xing J, Wang S, Peng H, Liu Y. The role of the cGAS-STING pathway in metabolic diseases. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33093. [PMID: 38988528 PMCID: PMC11234105 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is a critical innate immune pathway primarily due to its vital DNA sensing mechanism in pathogen defence. Recent research advances have shown that excessive activation or damage to the cGAS-STING pathway can exacerbate chronic inflammatory responses, playing a significant role in metabolic dysfunction and aging, leading to the development of related diseases such as obesity, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the structure and biological functions of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and discusses in detail how this pathway regulates the occurrence and development of metabolic and age-related diseases. Additionally, this article introduces potential small molecule drugs targeting cGAS and STING, aiming to provide new research perspectives for studying the pathogenesis and treatment of metabolic-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Jie Xing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Huiyong Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Yingzhao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
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16
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Shi W, Xu G, Gao Y, Yang H, Liu T, Zhao J, Li H, Wei Z, Hou X, Chen Y, Wen J, Li C, Zhao J, Zhang P, Wang Z, Xiao X, Bai Z. Compound Danshen Dripping Pill effectively alleviates cGAS-STING-triggered diseases by disrupting STING-TBK1 interaction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155404. [PMID: 38507852 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) pathway is critical in the innate immune system and can be mobilized by cytosolic DNA. The various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases progression is highly correlated with aberrant cGAS-STING pathway activation. While some cGAS-STING pathway inhibitor were identified, there are no drugs that can be applied to the clinic. Compound Danshen Dripping Pill (CDDP) has been successfully used in clinic around the world, but the most common application is limited to cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to examine whether CDDP inhibits the cGAS-STING pathway and could be used as a therapeutic agent for multiple cGAS-STING-triggered diseases. METHODS BMDMs, THP1 cells or Trex1-/- BMDMs were stimulated with various cGAS-STING-agonists after pretreatment with CDDP to detect the function of CDDP on IFN-β and ISGs productionn. Next, we detect the influence on IRF3 and P65 nuclear translocation, STING oligomerization and STING-TBK1-IRF3 complex formation of CDDP. Additionally, the DMXAA-mediated activation mice model of cGAS-STING pathway was used to study the effects of CDDP. Trex1-/- mice model and HFD-mediated obesity model were established to clarify the efficacy of CDDP on inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. RESULTS CDDP efficacy suppressed the IRF3 phosphorylation or the generation of IFN-β, ISGs, IL-6 and TNF-α. Mechanistically, CDDP did not influence the STING oligomerization and IRF3-TBK1 and STING-IRF3 interaction, but remarkably eliminated the STING-TBK1 interaction, ultimately blocking the downstream responses. In addition, we also clarified that CDDP could suppress cGAS-STING pathway activation triggered by DMXAA, in vivo. Consistently, CDDP could alleviate multi-organ inflammatory responses in Trex1-/- mice model and attenuate the inflammatory disorders, incleding obesity-induced insulin resistance. CONCLUSION CDDP is a specifically cGAS-STING pathway inhibitor. Furthermore, we provide novel mechanism for CDDP and discovered a clinical agent for the therapy of cGAS-STING-triggered inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziying Wei
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Hou
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jincai Wen
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxia Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, China.
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, China.
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17
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Wang Y, He X, Wang H, Hu W, Sun L. Qingfei xieding prescription ameliorates mitochondrial DNA-initiated inflammation in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis through activating autophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117820. [PMID: 38286157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qingfei Xieding prescription was gradually refined and produced by Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital. The raw material includes Ephedra sinica Stapf, Morus alba L., Bombyx Batryticatus, Gypsum Fibrosum, Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim., Houttuynia cordata Thunb. , Pueraria edulis Pamp. Paeonia L., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. It is effective in clinical adjuvant treatment of patients with pulmonary diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the efficacy and underlying mechanism of Qingfei Xieding (QF) in the treatment of bleomycin-induced mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS TGF-β induced fibrotic phenotype in vitro. Bleomycin injection induced lung tissue fibrosis mouse model in vivo. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, cellular ROS and lipid oxidation. Mitochondria substructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Autophagolysosome and nuclear entry of P65 were monitored by immunofluorescence. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the transcription of genes associated with mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway and subsequent inflammatory signaling activation. RESULTS TGF-β induced the expression of α-SMA and Collagen I, inhibited cell viability in lung epithelial MLE-12 cells that was reversed by QF-containing serum. TGF-β-mediated downregulation in autophagy, upregulation in lipid oxidation and ROS contents, and mitochondrial damage were rescued by QF-containing serum treatment, but CQ exposure, an autophagy inhibitor, prevented the protective role of QF. In addition to that, the decreased autophagolysosome in TGF-β-exposed MLE-12 cells was reversed by QF and restored to low level in the combination treatment of QF and CQ. Mechanistically, QF-containing serum treatment significantly inhibited mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway and subsequent inflammatory signaling in TGF-β-challenged cells, which were abolished by CQ-mediated autophagy inhibition. In bleomycin-induced mouse model, QF ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis, reduced mortality, re-activated autophagy in lung tissues and restrained mtDNA-cGAS-STING inflammation pathway. However, the protective effects of QF in bleomycin-induced model mice were also abrogated by CQ. CONCLUSION QF alleviated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating autophagy, inhibiting mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway-mediated inflammation. This research recognizes the protection role of QF on bleomycin-induced mouse model, and offers evidence for the potentiality of QF in clinical application for pulmonary fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunguang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Xinxin He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Huijie Wang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Lifang Sun
- Department of Tuberculosis, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Tuberculosis, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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18
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Zhai H, Wang D, Wang Y, Gu H, Jv J, Yuan L, Wang C, Chen L. Kaempferol alleviates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in db/db mice by inhibiting the STING/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e230379. [PMID: 38466634 PMCID: PMC11046349 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation induced by obesity plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. The infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissues contributes to adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Kaempferol, a flavonoid present in various vegetables and fruits, has been shown to possess remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we used leptin receptor-deficient obese mice (db/db) as an insulin-resistant model and investigated the effects of kaempferol treatment on obesity-induced insulin resistance. Our findings revealed that the administration of kaempferol (50 mg/kg/day, for 6 weeks) significantly reduced body weight, fat mass, and adipocyte size. Moreover, it effectively ameliorated abnormal glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in db/db mice. In the adipose tissue of obese mice treated with kaempferol, we observed a reduction in macrophage infiltration and a downregulation of mRNA expression of M1 marker genes TNF-α and IL-1β, accompanied by an upregulation of Arg1 and IL-10 mRNA expression. Additionally, kaempferol treatment significantly inhibited the STING/NLRP3 signaling pathway in adipose tissue. In vitro experiments, we further discovered that kaempferol treatment suppressed LPS-induced inflammation through the activation of NLRP3/caspase 1 signaling in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our results suggest that kaempferol may effectively alleviate inflammation and insulin resistance in the adipose tissue of db/db mice by modulating the STING/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Jv
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangliang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Leiyao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Ji H, Tang Z, Jiang K, Lyu S, Zhao Y, Feng J, Dai R, Liang H. Investigating potential biomarkers of acute pancreatitis in patients with a BMI>30 using Mendelian randomization and transcriptomic analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:119. [PMID: 38649912 PMCID: PMC11034057 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) has become a significant global health concern, and a high body mass index (BMI) has been identified as a key risk factor exacerbating this condition. Within this context, lipid metabolism assumes a critical role. The complex relationship between elevated BMI and AP, mediated by lipid metabolism, markedly increases the risk of complications and mortality. This study aimed to accurately define the correlation between BMI and AP, incorporating a comprehensive analysis of the interactions between individuals with high BMI and AP. METHODS Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was first applied to determine the causal relationship between BMI and the risk of AP. Subsequently, three microarray datasets were obtained from the GEO database. This was followed by an analysis of differentially expressed genes and the application of weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key modular genes associated with AP and elevated BMI. Functional enrichment analysis was then performed to shed light on disease pathogenesis. To identify the most informative genes, machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), were employed. Subsequent analysis focused on the colocalization of the Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) data associated with the selected genes and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) data related to the disease. Preliminary verification of gene expression trends was conducted using external GEO datasets. Ultimately, the diagnostic potential of these genes was further confirmed through the development of an AP model in mice with a high BMI. RESULTS A total of 21 intersecting genes related to BMI>30, AP, and lipid metabolism were identified from the datasets. These genes were primarily enriched in pathways related to cytosolic DNA sensing, cytokine‒cytokine receptor interactions, and various immune and inflammatory responses. Next, three machine learning techniques were utilized to identify HADH as the most prevalent diagnostic gene. Colocalization analysis revealed that HADH significantly influenced the risk factors associated with BMI and AP. Furthermore, the trend in HADH expression within the external validation dataset aligned with the trend in the experimental data, thus providing a preliminary validation of the experimental findings.The changes in its expression were further validated using external datasets and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). CONCLUSION This study systematically identified HADH as a potential lipid metabolism-grounded biomarker for AP in patients with a BMI>30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ji
- Department of Hepatobilialy Surgery, General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Department of Hepatobilialy Surgery, General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Kexin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobilialy Surgery, General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
- College of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Shuang Lyu
- Department of Hepatobilialy Surgery, General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
- College of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- Department of Hepatobilialy Surgery, General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jiajie Feng
- Department of Hepatobilialy Surgery, General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ruiwu Dai
- Department of Hepatobilialy Surgery, General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- College of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Hongyin Liang
- Department of Hepatobilialy Surgery, General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China.
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20
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Yang M, Liu Y, Luo SL, Liu CB, Jiang N, Li CR, Zhao H, Han YC, Chen W, Li L, Sun L. DsbA-L ameliorates renal aging and renal fibrosis by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:777-789. [PMID: 38200148 PMCID: PMC10943083 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final pathological change in renal disease, and aging is closely related to renal fibrosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to play an important role in aging, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) is mainly located in mitochondria and plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial function and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the role of DsbA-L in renal aging has not been reported. In this study, we showed a reduction in DsbA-L expression, the disruption of mitochondrial function and an increase in fibrosis in the kidneys of 12- and 24-month-old mice compared to young mice. Furthermore, the deterioration of mitochondrial dysfunction and fibrosis were observed in DsbA-L-/- mice with D-gal-induced accelerated aging. Transcriptome analysis revealed a decrease in Flt4 expression and inhibition of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in DsbA-L-/- mice compared to control mice. Accelerated renal aging could be alleviated by an AKT agonist (SC79) or a mitochondrial protector (MitoQ) in mice with D-gal-induced aging. In vitro, overexpression of DsbA-L in HK-2 cells restored the expression of Flt4, AKT pathway factors, SP1 and PGC-1α and alleviated mitochondrial damage and cell senescence. These beneficial effects were partially blocked by inhibiting Flt4. Finally, activating the AKT pathway or improving mitochondrial function with chemical reagents could alleviate cell senescence. Our results indicate that the DsbA-L/AKT/PGC-1α signaling pathway could be a therapeutic target for age-related renal fibrosis and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Shi-Lu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Chong-Bin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Chen-Rui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Ya-Chun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, 410011, China.
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21
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Li Q, Wu P, Du Q, Hanif U, Hu H, Li K. cGAS-STING, an important signaling pathway in diseases and their therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e511. [PMID: 38525112 PMCID: PMC10960729 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway was discovered in 2013, great progress has been made to elucidate the origin, function, and regulating mechanism of cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the past decade. Meanwhile, the triggering and transduction mechanisms have been continuously illuminated. cGAS-STING plays a key role in human diseases, particularly DNA-triggered inflammatory diseases, making it a potentially effective therapeutic target for inflammation-related diseases. Here, we aim to summarize the ancient origin of the cGAS-STING defense mechanism, as well as the triggers, transduction, and regulating mechanisms of the cGAS-STING. We will also focus on the important roles of cGAS-STING signal under pathological conditions, such as infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, neurological diseases, and visceral inflammations, and review the progress in drug development targeting cGAS-STING signaling pathway. The main directions and potential obstacles in the regulating mechanism research and therapeutic drug development of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway for inflammatory diseases and cancers will be discussed. These research advancements expand our understanding of cGAS-STING, provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the roles of cGAS-STING in diseases, and open up new strategies for targeting cGAS-STING as a promising therapeutic intervention in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Li
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Occupational DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital)ChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qiujing Du
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ullah Hanif
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Center for Immunology and HematologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ka Li
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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22
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Zhang BC, Laursen MF, Hu L, Hazrati H, Narita R, Jensen LS, Hansen AS, Huang J, Zhang Y, Ding X, Muyesier M, Nilsson E, Banasik A, Zeiler C, Mogensen TH, Etzerodt A, Agger R, Johannsen M, Kofod-Olsen E, Paludan SR, Jakobsen MR. Cholesterol-binding motifs in STING that control endoplasmic reticulum retention mediate anti-tumoral activity of cholesterol-lowering compounds. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2760. [PMID: 38553448 PMCID: PMC10980718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The cGAS-STING pathway plays a crucial role in anti-tumoral responses by activating inflammation and reprogramming the tumour microenvironment. Upon activation, STING traffics from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi, allowing signalling complex assembly and induction of interferon and inflammatory cytokines. Here we report that cGAMP stimulation leads to a transient decline in ER cholesterol levels, mediated by Sterol O-Acyltransferase 1-dependent cholesterol esterification. This facilitates ER membrane curvature and STING trafficking to Golgi. Notably, we identify two cholesterol-binding motifs in STING and confirm their contribution to ER-retention of STING. Consequently, depletion of intracellular cholesterol levels enhances STING pathway activation upon cGAMP stimulation. In a preclinical tumour model, intratumorally administered cholesterol depletion therapy potentiated STING-dependent anti-tumoral responses, which, in combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies, promoted tumour remission. Collectively, we demonstrate that ER cholesterol sets a threshold for STING signalling through cholesterol-binding motifs in STING and we propose that this could be exploited for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Cun Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Marlene F Laursen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lili Hu
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hossein Hazrati
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ryo Narita
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lea S Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Aida S Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jinrong Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Xiangning Ding
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Emil Nilsson
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Banasik
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christina Zeiler
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ralf Agger
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Emil Kofod-Olsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Martin R Jakobsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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23
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Li S, Wan J, Peng Z, Huang Q, He B. New insights of DsbA-L in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04964-8. [PMID: 38430301 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are abnormal conditions that result from disturbances of metabolism. With the improvement of living conditions, the morbidity and mortality rates of metabolic diseases are steadily rising, posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Therefore, identifying novel effective targets for metabolic diseases is crucial. Accumulating evidence has indicated that disulfide bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) delays the development of metabolic diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of DsbA-L in metabolic diseases remain unclear. In this review, we will discuss the roles of DsbA-L in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and NAFLD, and highlight the potential mechanisms. These findings suggest that DsbA-L might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jinfa Wan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhenyu Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Baimei He
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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24
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He X, Wedn A, Wang J, Gu Y, Liu H, Zhang J, Lin Z, Zhou R, Pang X, Cui Y. IUPHAR ECR review: The cGAS-STING pathway: Novel functions beyond innate immune and emerging therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107063. [PMID: 38216006 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a crucial innate immune sensor responsible for distinguishing pathogens and cytosolic DNA, mediating innate immune signaling pathways to defend the host. Recent studies have revealed additional regulatory functions of STING beyond its innate immune-related activities, including the regulation of cellular metabolism, DNA repair, cellular senescence, autophagy and various cell deaths. These findings highlight the broader implications of STING in cellular physiology beyond its role in innate immunity. Currently, approximately 10 STING agonists have entered the clinical stage. Unlike inhibitors, which have a maximum inhibition limit, agonists have the potential for infinite amplification. STING signaling is a complex process that requires precise regulation of STING to ensure balanced immune responses and prevent detrimental autoinflammation. Recent research on the structural mechanism of STING autoinhibition and its negative regulation by adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1) provides valuable insights into its different effects under physiological and pathological conditions, offering a new perspective for developing immune regulatory drugs. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the regulatory functions and molecular mechanisms of STING beyond innate immune regulation, along with updated details of its structural mechanisms. We discuss the implications of these complex regulations in various diseases, emphasizing the importance and feasibility of targeting the immunity-dependent or immunity-independent functions of STING. Moreover, we highlight the current trend in drug development and key points for clinical research, basic research, and translational research related to STING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Abdalla Wedn
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 5051 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yanlun Gu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongjin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Juqi Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Renpeng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230601, China; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT06519, USA.
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
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25
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Rivera Nieves AM, Wauford BM, Fu A. Mitochondrial bioenergetics, metabolism, and beyond in pancreatic β-cells and diabetes. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1354199. [PMID: 38404962 PMCID: PMC10884328 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1354199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, pancreatic β-cell survival and function are impaired. Additional etiologies of diabetes include dysfunction in insulin-sensing hepatic, muscle, and adipose tissues as well as immune cells. An important determinant of metabolic health across these various tissues is mitochondria function and structure. This review focuses on the role of mitochondria in diabetes pathogenesis, with a specific emphasis on pancreatic β-cells. These dynamic organelles are obligate for β-cell survival, function, replication, insulin production, and control over insulin release. Therefore, it is not surprising that mitochondria are severely defective in diabetic contexts. Mitochondrial dysfunction poses challenges to assess in cause-effect studies, prompting us to assemble and deliberate the evidence for mitochondria dysfunction as a cause or consequence of diabetes. Understanding the precise molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes and identifying therapeutic strategies to restore mitochondrial homeostasis and enhance β-cell function are active and expanding areas of research. In summary, this review examines the multidimensional role of mitochondria in diabetes, focusing on pancreatic β-cells and highlighting the significance of mitochondrial metabolism, bioenergetics, calcium, dynamics, and mitophagy in the pathophysiology of diabetes. We describe the effects of diabetes-related gluco/lipotoxic, oxidative and inflammation stress on β-cell mitochondria, as well as the role played by mitochondria on the pathologic outcomes of these stress paradigms. By examining these aspects, we provide updated insights and highlight areas where further research is required for a deeper molecular understanding of the role of mitochondria in β-cells and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra María Rivera Nieves
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Brian Michael Wauford
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Accalia Fu
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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26
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He W, Mu X, Wu X, Liu Y, Deng J, Liu Y, Han F, Nie X. The cGAS-STING pathway: a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad050. [PMID: 38312740 PMCID: PMC10838060 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wound healing (DWH) represents a major complication of diabetes where inflammation is a key impediment to proper healing. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has emerged as a central mediator of inflammatory responses to cell stress and damage. However, the contribution of cGAS-STING activation to impaired healing in DWH remains understudied. In this review, we examine the evidence that cGAS-STING-driven inflammation is a critical factor underlying defective DWH. We summarize studies revealing upregulation of the cGAS-STING pathway in diabetic wounds and discuss how this exacerbates inflammation and senescence and disrupts cellular metabolism to block healing. Partial pharmaceutical inhibition of cGAS-STING has shown promise in damping inflammation and improving DWH in preclinical models. We highlight key knowledge gaps regarding cGAS-STING in DWH, including its relationships with endoplasmic reticulum stress and metal-ion signaling. Elucidating these mechanisms may unveil new therapeutic targets within the cGAS-STING pathway to improve healing outcomes in DWH. This review synthesizes current understanding of how cGAS-STING activation contributes to DWH pathology and proposes future research directions to exploit modulation of this pathway for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie He
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xingrui Mu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xingqian Wu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Junyu Deng
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Yiqiu Liu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Felicity Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
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Hong Z, Chen S, Sun J, Cheng D, Guo H, Mei J, Zhang X, Maimaiti M, Hao H, Cao P, Hu H, Wang C. STING signaling in islet macrophages impairs insulin secretion in obesity. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:345-359. [PMID: 37906411 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune regulator stimulator of interferon genes (STING) mediates self-DNA sensing and leads to the induction of type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines, which promotes the progression of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Innate immune system plays a critical role in regulating obesity-induced islet dysfunction, whereas the potential effect of STING signaling is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that STING is mainly expressed and activated in islet macrophages upon high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Sting-/- alleviates HFD-induced islet inflammation by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the infiltration of macrophages. Mechanically, palmitic acid incubation promotes mitochondrial DNA leakage into the cytosol and subsequently activates STING pathway in macrophages. Additionally, STING activation in macrophages impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by mediating the engulfment of β cell insulin secretory granules. Pharmacologically inhibiting STING activation enhances insulin secretion to control hyperglycemia. Together, our results reveal a regulatory mechanism in controlling the islet inflammation and insulin secretion in diet--induced obesity and suggest that selective blocking of the STING activation may be a promising strategy for treating type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Saihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hanli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jiahao Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Munire Maimaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Peng Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Zou S, Wang B, Yi K, Su D, Chen Y, Li N, Geng Q. The critical roles of STING in mitochondrial homeostasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115938. [PMID: 38086488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a crucial signaling hub in the immune system's antiviral and antimicrobial defense by detecting exogenous and endogenous DNA. The multifaceted functions of STING have been uncovered gradually during past decades, including homeostasis maintenance and overfull immunity or inflammation induction. However, the subcellular regulation of STING and mitochondria is poorly understood. The main functions of STING are outlined in this review. Moreover, we discuss how mitochondria and STING interact through multiple mechanisms, including the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), modulation of mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) and mitochondrial dynamics, alterations in mitochondrial metabolism, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondria-related cell death. Finally, we discuss how STING is crucial to disease development, providing a novel perspective on its role in cellular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Zou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 430060, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 430060, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 430060, China
| | - Dandan Su
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 430060, China
| | - Yukai Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 430060, China.
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29
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Wang Y, Wang J, Tao SY, Liang Z, Xie R, Liu NN, Deng R, Zhang Y, Deng D, Jiang G. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns: A new insight into metabolic inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3733. [PMID: 37823338 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetes is accompanied by increased levels of inflammatory factors, also known as "metabolic inflammation", which runs through the whole process of the occurrence and development of the disease. Mitochondria, as the key site of glucose and lipid metabolism, is often accompanied by mitochondrial function damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Damaged mitochondria release pro-inflammatory factors through damage-related molecular patterns that activate inflammation pathways and reactions to oxidative stress, further aggravate metabolic disorders, and form a vicious circle. Currently, the pathogenesis of diabetes is still unclear, and clinical treatment focuses primarily on symptomatic intervention of the internal environment of disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism with limited clinical efficacy. The proinflammatory effect of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular pattern (mtDAMP) in T2DM provides a new research direction for exploring the pathogenesis and intervention targets of T2DM. Therefore, this review covers the most recent findings on the molecular mechanism and related signalling cascades of inflammation caused by mtDAMP in T2DM and discusses its pathogenic role of it in the pathological process of T2DM to search potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingwu Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Si-Yu Tao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rong Xie
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Nan-Nan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruxue Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Urumqi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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30
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Gong J, Gao X, Ge S, Li H, Wang R, Zhao L. The Role of cGAS-STING Signalling in Metabolic Diseases: from Signalling Networks to Targeted Intervention. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:152-174. [PMID: 38164186 PMCID: PMC10750282 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.84890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a crucial innate defence mechanism against viral infection in the innate immune system, as it principally induces the production of type I interferons. Immune responses and metabolic control are inextricably linked, and chronic low-grade inflammation promotes the development of metabolic diseases. The cGAS-STING pathway activated by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), mitochondrial stress, and energy imbalance in metabolic cells and immune cells triggers proinflammatory responses and metabolic disorders. Abnormal overactivation of the pathway is closely associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The interaction of cGAS-STING with other pathways, such as the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), autophagy, pyroptosis and insulin signalling pathways, is considered an important mechanism by which cGAS-STING regulates inflammation and metabolism. This review focuses on the link between immune responses related to the cGAS-STING pathway and metabolic diseases and cGAS-STING interaction with other pathways for mediating signal input and affecting output. Moreover, potential inhibitors of the cGAS-STING pathway and therapeutic prospects against metabolic diseases are discussed. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on the involvement of STING in immune-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Gong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xilong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaoyang Ge
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Sanhe 065200, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot 011517, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Research Center for Probiotics, China Agricultural University, Sanhe 065200, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
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31
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Yoon J, Kim S, Lee M, Kim Y. Mitochondrial nucleic acids in innate immunity and beyond. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2508-2518. [PMID: 38036728 PMCID: PMC10766607 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in a wide range of cellular processes. One essential function of mitochondria is to be a platform for antiviral signaling proteins during the innate immune response to viral infection. Recently, studies have revealed that mitochondrion-derived DNAs and RNAs are recognized as non-self molecules and act as immunogenic ligands. More importantly, the cytosolic release of these mitochondrial nucleic acids (mt-NAs) is closely associated with the pathogenesis of human diseases accompanying aberrant immune activation. The release of mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) via BAX/BAK activation and/or VDAC1 oligomerization activates the innate immune response and inflammasome assembly. In addition, mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs (mt-dsRNAs) are sensed by pattern recognition receptors in the cytosol to induce type I interferon expression and initiate apoptotic programs. Notably, these cytosolic mt-NAs also mediate adipocyte differentiation and contribute to mitogenesis and mitochondrial thermogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent studies of innate immune signaling pathways regulated by mt-NAs, human diseases associated with mt-NAs, and the emerging physiological roles of mt-NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihye Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoosik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Engineering Biology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury (KIB), KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Lin SY, Wang YY, Pan PH, Wang JD, Yang CP, Chen WY, Kuan YH, Liao SL, Lo YL, Chang YH, Chen CJ. DHA alleviated hepatic and adipose inflammation with increased adipocyte browning in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 122:109457. [PMID: 37797731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with accumulation of inflammatory immune cells in white adipose tissue, whereas thermogenic browning adipose tissue is inhibited. Dietary fatty acids are important nutritional components and several clinical and experimental studies have reported beneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on obesity-related metabolic changes. In this study, we investigated effects of DHA on hepatic and adipose inflammation and adipocyte browning in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice, and in vitro 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Since visceral white adipose tissue has a close link with metabolic abnormality, epididymal adipose tissue represents current target for evaluation. A course of 8-week DHA supplementation improved common phenotypes of obesity, including improvement of insulin resistance, inhibition of macrophage M1 polarization, and preservation of macrophage M2 polarization in hepatic and adipose tissues. Moreover, dysregulated adipokines and impaired thermogenic and browning molecules, considered obesogenic mechanisms, were improved by DHA, along with parallel alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mitochondrial DNA stress-directed innate immunity. During 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation, DHA treatment decreased lipid droplet accumulation and increased the levels of thermogenic, browning, and mitochondrial biogenesis molecules. Our study provides experimental evidence that DHA mitigates obesity-associated inflammation and induces browning of adipose tissue in visceral epididymal adipose tissue. Since obesity is associated with metabolic abnormalities across tissues, our findings indicate that DHA may have potential as part of a dietary intervention to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Ho Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jiaan-Der Wang
- Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Lo
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Hsin Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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Zhang Y, Ding X, Guo L, Zhong Y, Xie J, Xu Y, Li H, Zheng D. Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between xanthine oxidoreductase activity and chronic kidney disease. iScience 2023; 26:107332. [PMID: 37927553 PMCID: PMC10622700 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disease that seriously endangers human health. However, the potential relationship between xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity and CKD remains unclear. In this study, we used clinical data, CKD datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and untargeted metabolomics to explain the relationship between XOR activity and CKD. First, XOR activity showed high correlation with the biomarkers of CKD, such as serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Then, we used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logical regression algorithm and random forest algorithm to screen CKD molecular markers from differentially expressed genes, and the results of qRT-PCR of XDH, KOX-1, and ROMO1 were in accordance with the results of bioinformatics analyses. In addition, untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the purine metabolism pathway was significantly enriched in CKD patients in the simulated models of kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Xiaobao Ding
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lihao Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Yanan Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Hailun Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Donghui Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
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34
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Huang Y, Liu B, Sinha SC, Amin S, Gan L. Mechanism and therapeutic potential of targeting cGAS-STING signaling in neurological disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:79. [PMID: 37941028 PMCID: PMC10634099 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA sensing is a pivotal component of the innate immune system that is responsible for detecting mislocalized DNA and triggering downstream inflammatory pathways. Among the DNA sensors, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a primary player in detecting cytosolic DNA, including foreign DNA from pathogens and self-DNA released during cellular damage, culminating in a type I interferon (IFN-I) response through stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation. IFN-I cytokines are essential in mediating neuroinflammation, which is widely observed in CNS injury, neurodegeneration, and aging, suggesting an upstream role for the cGAS DNA sensing pathway. In this review, we summarize the latest developments on the cGAS-STING DNA-driven immune response in various neurological diseases and conditions. Our review covers the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cGAS activation and highlights cGAS-STING signaling in various cell types of central and peripheral nervous systems, such as resident brain immune cells, neurons, and glial cells. We then discuss the role of cGAS-STING signaling in different neurodegenerative conditions, including tauopathies, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as aging and senescence. Finally, we lay out the current advancements in research and development of cGAS inhibitors and assess the prospects of targeting cGAS and STING as therapeutic strategies for a wide spectrum of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Huang
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bangyan Liu
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Subhash C Sinha
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sadaf Amin
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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35
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Liao T, Xiong L, Wang X, Yang S, Liang Z. Mitochondrial disorders as a mechanism for the development of obese Sarcopenia. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:224. [PMID: 37926816 PMCID: PMC10626707 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese sarcopenia is a severe and prevalent disease in an aging society. Compared to sarcopenia alone, the development and advanced stage of obesity sarcopenia is faster and more severe. Diagnosis of the cause of adipocyte accumulation is also more complicated; however, no effective pharmacological treatment is available. Chronic inflammation is one of the causes of sarcopenia, and obese patients, who are more likely to develop chronic inflammation, may simultaneously suffer from obesity and sarcopenia. Mitochondrial metabolic disorders have been more easily observed in the tissue cells of patients with obesity and sarcopenia. Mitochondrial metabolic disorders include abnormal mtDNA release, mitochondrial autophagy, and dynamic mitochondrial disorders. Therefore, this review will reveal the mechanism of development of obesity myasthenia gravis from the perspective of mitochondria and discuss the currently existing small-molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfeng Liao
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijiao Xiong
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu Yang
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhen Liang
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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36
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Jiang A, Liu J, Wang Y, Zhang C. cGAS-STING signaling pathway promotes hypoxia-induced renal fibrosis by regulating PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:516-529. [PMID: 37714438 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia has long been considered to play an active role in the progression of fibrosis in chronic kidney disease, but its specific mechanism is not fully understood. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) has been a research hotspot in the fields of tumor, immunity, and infection in recent years, and its role in immune and inflammatory responses related to kidney disease has gradually attracted attention. This study mainly explores the role and mechanism of STING in hypoxia-related renal fibrosis. To address this issue, we stimulated human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells with hypoxia for 48 h to construct cell models. Meanwhile, C57BL/6J male mice were used to establish a renal fibrosis model induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). In our present study, we found that the GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-STING signaling pathway can promote the progression of renal fibrosis after hypoxic exposure, and this effect is closely related to 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3)-mediated glycolysis. Furthermore, inhibition of both STING and its downstream interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) reversed elevated PFKFB3 expression, thereby attenuating hypoxia-induced renal fibrosis. Taken together, our data suggest that the cGAS-STING-IRF3-PFKFB3 signaling pathway activated under hypoxia may provide new ideas and targets for the treatment of early renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Li J, Xiong M, Liu J, Zhang F, Li M, Zhao W, Xu Y. Discovery of novel cGAS inhibitors based on natural flavonoids. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106802. [PMID: 37666112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) plays an important role in the inflammatory response. It has been reported that aberrant activation of cGAS is associated with a variety of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. The development of small molecule inhibitors of cGAS has been considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for the diseases. Flavonoids, a typical class of natural products, are known for their anti-inflammatory activities. Although cGAS is closely associated with inflammation, the potential effects of natural flavonoid compounds on cGAS have been rarely studied. Therefore, we screened an in-house natural flavonoid library by pyrophosphatase (PPiase) coupling assay and identified novel cGAS inhibitors baicalein and baicalin. Subsequently, crystal structures of the two natural flavonoids in complex with human cGAS were determined, which provide mechanistic insight into the anti-inflammatory activities of baicalein and baicalin at the molecular level. After that, a virtual screening based on the crystal structures of baicalein and baicalin in complex with human cGAS was performed. As a result, compound C20 was identified to inhibit both human and mouse cGAS with IC50 values of 2.28 and 1.44 μM, respectively, and its detailed interactions with human cGAS were further revealed by the X-ray crystal structure determination. These results demonstrate the potential of natural products used as hits in drug discovery and provide valuable hints for further development of cGAS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Muya Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fengping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Minjun Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yechun Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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Qi X, Li Z, Han J, Liu W, Xia P, Cai X, Liu X, Liu X, Zhang J, Yu P. Multifaceted roles of T cells in obesity and obesity-related complications: A narrative review. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13621. [PMID: 37583087 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammatory responses in the adipose tissue, accompanied by pronounced insulin resistance and metabolic anomalies. It affects almost all body organs and eventually leads to diseases such as fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Recently, T cells have emerged as interesting therapeutic targets because the dysfunction of T cells and their cytokines in the adipose tissue is implicated in obesity-induced inflammation and their complicated onset. Although several recent narrative reviews have provided a brief overview of related evidence in this area, they have mainly focused on either obesity-associated T cell metabolism or modulation of T cell activation in obesity. Moreover, at present, no published review has reported on the multifaceted roles of T cells in obesity and obesity-related complications, even though there has been a significant increase in studies on this topic since 2019. Therefore, this narrative review aims to comprehensively summarize current advances in the mechanistic roles of T cells in the development of obesity and its related complications. Further, we aim to discuss relevant drugs for weight loss as well as the contradictory role of T cells in the same disease so as to highlight key findings regarding this topic and provide a valid basis for future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Qi
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiashu Han
- MD Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Meibers HE, Warrick KA, VonHandorf A, Vallez CN, Kawarizadeh K, Saha I, Donmez O, Jain VG, Kottyan LC, Weirauch MT, Pasare C. Effector memory T cells induce innate inflammation by triggering DNA damage and a non-canonical STING pathway in dendritic cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113180. [PMID: 37794597 PMCID: PMC10654673 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognate interaction between CD4+ effector memory T (TEM) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) induces innate inflammatory cytokine production, resulting in detrimental autoimmune pathology and cytokine storms. While TEM cells use tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily ligands to activate DCs, whether TEM cells prompt other DC-intrinsic changes that influence the innate inflammatory response has never been investigated. We report the surprising discovery that TEM cells trigger double-strand DNA breaks via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in interacting DCs. Initiation of the DNA damage response in DCs induces activation of a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-AMP synthase (cGAS)-independent, non-canonical stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling axis. Consequently, STING-deficient DCs display reduced NF-κB activation and subsequent defects in transcriptional induction and functional production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 following their interaction with TEM cells. The discovery of TEM cell-induced innate inflammation through DNA damage and a non-canonical STING-NF-κB pathway presents this pathway as a potential target to alleviate T cell-driven inflammation in autoimmunity and cytokine storms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Meibers
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kathrynne A Warrick
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrew VonHandorf
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology and Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Charles N Vallez
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kiana Kawarizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Irene Saha
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Omer Donmez
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology and Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Viral G Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Leah C Kottyan
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology and Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology and Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Ma X, Xin D, She R, Liu D, Ge J, Mei Z. Novel insight into cGAS-STING pathway in ischemic stroke: from pre- to post-disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275408. [PMID: 37915571 PMCID: PMC10616885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a primary cause of disability and the second leading cause of mortality, has emerged as an urgent public health issue. Growing evidence suggests that the Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)- Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, a component of innate immunity, is closely associated with microglia activation, neuroinflammation, and regulated cell death in ischemic stroke. However, the mechanisms underlying this pathway remain inadequately understood. This article comprehensively reviews the existing literature on the cGAS-STING pathway and its multifaceted relationship with ischemic stroke. Initially, it examines how various risk factors and pre-disease mechanisms such as metabolic dysfunction and senescence (e.g., hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia) affect the cGAS-STING pathway in relation to ischemic stroke. Subsequently, we explore in depth the potential pathophysiological relationship between this pathway and oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuroinflammation as well as regulated cell death including ferroptosis and PANoptosis following cerebral ischemia injury. Finally, it suggests that intervention targeting the cGAS-STING pathway may serve as promising therapeutic strategies for addressing neuroinflammation associated with ischemic stroke. Taken together, this review concludes that targeting the microglia cGAS-STING pathway may shed light on the exploration of new therapeutic strategies against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Xin
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruining She
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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41
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Chilosi M, Doglioni C, Ravaglia C, Piciucchi S, Dubini A, Stefanizzi L, Poletti V. COVID-19. Biology, pathophysiology, and immunology: a pathologist view. Pathologica 2023; 115:248-256. [PMID: 38054899 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Even if the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been declared over, several risks and clinical problems remain to be faced, including long-COVID sequelae and possible outbreaks of pathogenic variants. Intense research on COVID-19 has provided in these few years a striking amount of data covering different fields and disciplines, which can help to provide a knowledge shield against new potential infective spreads, and may also potentially be applied to other fields of medicine, including oncology and neurology. Nevertheless, areas of uncertainty still remain regarding the pathogenic mechanisms that subtend the multifaceted manifestations of the disease. To better clarify the pathogenesis of the disease, a systematic multidisciplinary evaluation of the many mechanisms involved in COVID-19 is mandatory, including clinical, physiological, radiological, immunological and pathological studies. In COVID-19 syndrome the pathological studies have been mainly performed on autopsy cases, and only a few studies are available on biopsies. Nevertheless, these studies have provided relevant information that can substantially contribute to decipher the complex scenario characterizing the different forms of COVID-19 and long-COVID-19. In this review the data provided by pathological investigations are recapitulated and discussed, in the light of different hypothesis and data provided by clinical, physiological and immunological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chilosi
- Department of Pathology, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute. Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Ravaglia
- Department of Diseases of the Thorax, Ospedale GB Morgagni, Forlì, Italy
| | - Sara Piciucchi
- Department of Diseases of the Thorax, Ospedale GB Morgagni, Forlì, Italy
| | | | | | - Venerino Poletti
- Department of Diseases of the Thorax, Ospedale GB Morgagni, Forlì, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale GB Morgagni, Forlì, Italy
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42
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Cui P, Chen C, Cui Y, Qiu X, Yue K, Li T, Zhang H, Yuan W, Xie Y, Guo Y, Tang Z, Li Y, Peng F, Jiang X, Luo X, Peng L, Qi Z, Dai H. DsbA-L deletion attenuates LPS-induced acute kidney injury by modulating macrophage polarization. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250071. [PMID: 37379419 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) drives acute kidney injury (AKI) by directly upregulating the expression of voltage-dependent anion-selective channels in proximal tubular cells. However, the role of DsbA-L in immune cells remains unclear. In this study, we used an LPS-induced AKI mouse model to assess the hypothesis that DsbA-L deletion attenuates LPS-induced AKI and explore the potential mechanism of DsbA-L action. After 24 hours of LPS exposure, the DsbA-L knockout group exhibited lower serum creatinine levels compared to the WT group. Furthermore, peripheral levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were decreased. Transcriptomic data analysis revealed a significant down-regulation in the IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor pathways in DsbA-L knockout mice following LPS induction. Metabolomic analysis suggested that arginine metabolism was significantly different between the WT and DsbA-L knockout groups after LPS treatment. Notably, the M1 polarization of macrophages in the kidneys of DsbA-L knockout AKI mice was significantly reduced. Expression of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 was downregulated after DsbA-L knockout. Our results suggest that DsbA-L regulates LPS-mediated oxidative stress, promotes M1 polarization of macrophages, and induces expression of inflammatory factors via the NF-κB/AP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Cui
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Qiu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kaiye Yue
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tengfang Li
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hedong Zhang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjia Yuan
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yixin Xie
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhouqi Tang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaguang Li
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fenghua Peng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuewei Luo
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Longkai Peng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Helong Dai
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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43
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Harrington JS, Ryter SW, Plataki M, Price DR, Choi AMK. Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2349-2422. [PMID: 37021870 PMCID: PMC10393386 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Appreciating this significance, translational medicine has begun to investigate how mitochondrial dysfunction can represent a harbinger of disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, and how mitochondrial dysfunction at any of these levels is associated with disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria-dependent pathways may thereby represent an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Harrington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Maria Plataki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - David R Price
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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Liu Y, Chen W, Li C, Li L, Yang M, Jiang N, Luo S, Xi Y, Liu C, Han Y, Zhao H, Zhu X, Yuan S, Xiao L, Sun L. DsbA-L interacting with catalase in peroxisome improves tubular oxidative damage in diabetic nephropathy. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102855. [PMID: 37597421 PMCID: PMC10458997 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are metabolically active organelles that are known for exerting oxidative metabolism, but the precise mechanism remains unclear in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Here, we used proteomics to uncover a correlation between the antioxidant protein disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) and peroxisomal function. In vivo, renal tubular injury, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis in high-fat diet plus streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were significantly increased, and these changes were accompanied by a "ghost" peroxisomal phenotype, which was further aggravated in DsbA-L-deficient diabetic mice. In vitro, the overexpression of DsbA-L in peroxisomes could improve peroxisomal phenotype and function, reduce oxidative stress and cell apoptosis induced by high glucose (HG, 30 mM) and palmitic acid (PA, 250 μM), but this effect was reversed by 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT, a catalase inhibitor). Mechanistically, DsbA-L regulated the activity of catalase by binding to it, thereby reducing peroxisomal leakage and proteasomal degradation of peroxisomal matrix proteins induced by HG and PA. Additionally, the expression of DsbA-L in renal tubules of patients with DN significantly decreased and was positively correlated with peroxisomal function. Taken together, these results highlight an important role of DsbA-L in ameliorating tubular injury in DN by improving peroxisomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiyun Xi
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chongbin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Varga KZ, Gyurina K, Radványi Á, Pál T, Sasi-Szabó L, Yu H, Felszeghy E, Szabó T, Röszer T. Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Triggers Adipocyte Autophagy. Cells 2023; 12:2345. [PMID: 37830559 PMCID: PMC10572001 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune signaling in adipocytes affects systemic metabolism. Cytosolic nucleic acid sensing has been recently shown to stimulate thermogenic adipocyte differentiation and protect from obesity; however, DNA efflux from adipocyte mitochondria is a potential proinflammatory signal that causes adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. Cytosolic DNA activates the stimulator of interferon response genes (STING), a key signal transducer which triggers type I interferon (IFN-I) expression; hence, STING activation is expected to induce IFN-I response and adipocyte dysfunction. However, we show herein that mouse adipocytes had a diminished IFN-I response to STING stimulation by 2'3'-cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP). We also show that cGAMP triggered autophagy in murine and human adipocytes. In turn, STING inhibition reduced autophagosome number, compromised the mitochondrial network and caused inflammation and fat accumulation in adipocytes. STING hence stimulates a process that removes damaged mitochondria, thereby protecting adipocytes from an excessive IFN-I response to mitochondrial DNA efflux. In summary, STING appears to limit inflammation in adipocytes by promoting mitophagy under non-obesogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornél Z. Varga
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Gyurina
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Radványi
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Pál
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Sasi-Szabó
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Haidong Yu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Enikő Felszeghy
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szabó
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Röszer
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Macklin M, Thompson C, Kawano-Dourado L, Bauer Ventura I, Weschenfelder C, Trostchansky A, Marcadenti A, Tighe RM. Linking Adiposity to Interstitial Lung Disease: The Role of the Dysfunctional Adipocyte and Inflammation. Cells 2023; 12:2206. [PMID: 37759429 PMCID: PMC10526202 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has functions beyond its principal functions in energy storage, including endocrine and immune functions. When faced with a surplus of energy, the functions of adipose tissue expand by mechanisms that can be both adaptive and detrimental. These detrimental adipose tissue functions can alter normal hormonal signaling and promote local and systemic inflammation with wide-ranging consequences. Although the mechanisms by which adipose tissue triggers metabolic dysfunction and local inflammation have been well described, little is known about the relationship between adiposity and the pathogenesis of chronic lung conditions, such as interstitial lung disease (ILD). In this review, we detail the conditions and mechanisms by which adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional and relate this dysfunction to inflammatory changes observed in various forms of ILD. Finally, we review the existing basic and clinical science literature linking adiposity to ILD, highlighting the need for additional research on the mechanisms of adipocyte-mediated inflammation in ILD and its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Macklin
- Section of Rheumatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Chelsea Thompson
- Section of Rheumatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Leticia Kawano-Dourado
- Hcor Research Institute (IP-Hcor), Hcor, São Paulo 04004-050, Brazil; (L.K.-D.); (A.M.)
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Weschenfelder
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Cardiology Institute, University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil;
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
| | - Aline Marcadenti
- Hcor Research Institute (IP-Hcor), Hcor, São Paulo 04004-050, Brazil; (L.K.-D.); (A.M.)
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Cardiology Institute, University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (FSP-USP), São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Robert M. Tighe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
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Feng Z, Liao X, Peng J, Quan J, Zhang H, Huang Z, Yi B. PCSK9 causes inflammation and cGAS/STING pathway activation in diabetic nephropathy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23127. [PMID: 37561547 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300342rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous research revealed that an increase in PCSK9 is linked to aggravated inflammation in the kidneys of mice affected by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) or in HGPA-induced HK-2 cells. Furthermore, the cGAS/STING pathway has been reported to be involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the correlation between the proinflammatory effect of PCSK9 and the cGAS/STING pathway in DN. We used PCSK9 mAbs to inhibit PCSK9 in vivo and PCSK9 siRNA in vitro and measured the inflammatory phenotype in HFD/STZ-treated mice or HGPA-induced HK-2 cells, and observed decreased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, UACR, and kidney injury in response to the PCSK9 mAb in HFD/STZ-treated mice. Moreover, IL-1 β, MCP-1, and TNF-α levels were reduced by the PCSK9 mAb in vivo and PCSK9 siRNA in vitro. We observed increased mtDNA damage and activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway during DN, as well as the downstream targets p-TBK1, p-NF-κB p65, and IL-1β. In a further experiment with an HGPA-induced DN model in HK-2 cells, we revealed that mtDNA damage was increased, which led to the activation of the cGAS/STING system and its downstream targets. Notably, the cGAS-STING signaling pathway was inhibited by the PCSK9 mAb in vivo and PCSK9 siRNA in vitro. In addition, inhibition of STING with C-176 in HGPA-induced HK-2 cells markedly blocked inflammation. In conclusion, we report for the first time that PCSK9 triggers mitochondrial DNA damage and activates the cGAS-STING pathway in DN, which leads to a series of inflammation cascades. PCSK9-targeted intervention can effectively reduce DN inflammation and delay its progression. Moreover, the inhibition of STING significantly abrogated the inflammation triggered by HGPA in HK-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicai Feng
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyu Liao
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Quan
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ma ZR, Xiong QW, Cai SZ, Ding LT, Yin CH, Xia HL, Liu W, Dai S, Zhang Y, Zhu ZH, Huang ZJ, Wang Q, Yan XM. USP18 enhances the resistance of BRAF-mutated melanoma cells to vemurafenib by stabilizing cGAS expression to induce cell autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110617. [PMID: 37478666 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to discern the possible molecular mechanism of the effect of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18) on the resistance to BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma by regulating cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). The cancer tissues of BRAF V600E mutant melanoma patients before and after vemurafenib treatment were collected, in which the protein expression of USP18 and cGAS was determined. A BRAF V600E mutant human melanoma cell line (A2058R) resistant to vemurafenib was constructed with its viability, apoptosis, and autophagy detected following overexpression and depletion assays of USP18 and cGAS. Xenografted tumors were transplanted into nude mice for in vivo validation. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the expression of cGAS was positively correlated with USP18 in melanoma, and USP18 was highly expressed in melanoma. The expression of cGAS and USP18 was up-regulated in cancer tissues of vemurafenib-resistant patients with BRAF V600E mutant melanoma. Knockdown of cGAS inhibited the resistance to vemurafenib in A2058R cells and the protective autophagy induced by vemurafenib in vitro. USP18 could deubiquitinate cGAS to promote its protein stability. In vivo experimentations confirmed that USP18 promoted vemurafenib-induced protective autophagy by stabilizing cGAS protein, which promoted resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma cells. Collectively, USP18 stabilizes cGAS protein expression through deubiquitination and induces autophagy of melanoma cells, thereby promoting the resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Rui Ma
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Congenital Structural Deformities, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qian-Wei Xiong
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Congenital Structural Deformities, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China
| | - Shi-Zhong Cai
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Congenital Structural Deformities, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China
| | - Ling-Tao Ding
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, PR China
| | - Chao-Hong Yin
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, PR China
| | - Hong-Liang Xia
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Congenital Structural Deformities, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China
| | - Shu Dai
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Congenital Structural Deformities, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Zhen-Hong Zhu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jian Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China.
| | - Xiang-Ming Yan
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Congenital Structural Deformities, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China.
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Luo L, An Y, Geng K, Wan S, Zhang F, Tan X, Jiang Z, Xu Y. High glucose-induced endothelial STING activation inhibits diabetic wound healing through impairment of angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 668:82-89. [PMID: 37245293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia-induced impairment of angiogenesis is important in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Additionally, the stimulator of interferon gene (STING), which is a key protein in innate immunity, mediates palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in metabolic diseases through oxidative stress-induced STING activation. However, the role of STING in DFU is unknown. In this study, we established a DFU mouse model with streptozotocin (STZ) injection and found that the expression of STING was significantly increased in the vascular endothelial cells of wound tissues from diabetic patients and in the STZ-induced diabetic mouse model. We further established high glucose (HG)-induced endothelial dysfunction with rat vascular endothelial cells and found that the expression of STING was also increased by high-glucose treatment. Moreover, the STING inhibitor, C176, promoted diabetic wound healing, whereas the STING activator, DMXAA, inhibited diabetic wound healing. Consistently, STING inhibition reversed the HG-induced reduction of CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inhibited apoptosis, and promoted migration of endothelial cells. Notably, DMXAA treatment alone was sufficient to induce endothelial cell dysfunction as a high-glucose treatment. Mechanistically, STING mediated HG-induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction by activating the interferon regulatory factor 3/nuclear factor kappa B pathway. In conclusion, our study reveals an endothelial STING activation-mediated molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of DFU and identifies STING as a novel potential therapeutic target for DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ying An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Kang Geng
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shengrong Wan
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Fanjie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xiaozhen Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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50
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Chen X, Yu Z, Nong C, Xue R, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Sun L, Zhang L, Wang X. Activation of cDCs and iNKT cells contributes to triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity via STING signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1753-1772. [PMID: 36520315 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) exhibits therapeutic potential against multiple diseases. However, its application in clinics is limited by TP-induced hepatoxicity. TP can activate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in the liver, shifting Th1 cytokine bias to Th2 cytokine bias. The damaging role of iNKT cells in TP-induced hepatoxicity has been established, and iNKT cell deficiency can mitigate hepatotoxicity. However, the activation of iNKT cells in vitro by TP requires the presence of antigen-presenting cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that TP could induce dendritic cells (DCs) to activate iNKT cells, thereby leading to hepatotoxicity. The hepatic conventional DCs (cDCs) exhibited immunogenic activities after TP administration, upregulating the expression of CD1d, co-stimulatory molecules, and IL-12. Neutralization with IL-12p40 antibody extenuated TP-induced hepatotoxicity and reduced iNKT cell activation, suggesting that IL-12 could cause liver injury by activating iNKT cells. TP triggered the activation and upregulation of STING signaling pathway and increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Downregulation of STING reduced cDC immunogenicity, inhibiting the activation of iNKT cells and hepatic damage. These indicated the regulatory effects of STING pathway on cDCs and iNKT cells, and the important roles it plays in hepatoxicity. ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), also suppressed iNKT cell activation and liver injury, which might be regulated by the STING signaling pathway. Our results demonstrated the possible mechanisms underlying TP-induced hepatoxicity, where the activation of cDCs and iNKT cells was stimulated by upregulated STING signaling and increased ER stress as a result of TP administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zixun Yu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cheng Nong
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rufeng Xue
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Mingxuan Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lixin Sun
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xinzhi Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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