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Park DS, Rata AD, Dahm RT, Chu K, Gan Y, Maznichenko I, Ostanin S, Trier F, Baik H, Choi WS, Choi CJ, Kim YH, Rees GJ, Gíslason HP, Buczek PA, Mertig I, Ionescu MA, Ernst A, Dörr K, Muralt P, Pryds N. Controlled Electronic and Magnetic Landscape in Self-Assembled Complex Oxide Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300200. [PMID: 37154173 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Complex oxide heterointerfaces contain a rich playground of novel physical properties and functionalities, which give rise to emerging technologies. Among designing and controlling the functional properties of complex oxide film heterostructures, vertically aligned nanostructure (VAN) films using a self-assembling bottom-up deposition method presents great promise in terms of structural flexibility and property tunability. Here, the bottom-up self-assembly is extended to a new approach using a mixture containing a 2Dlayer-by-layer film growth, followed by a 3D VAN film growth. In this work, the two-phase nanocomposite thin films are based on LaAlO3 :LaBO3 , grown on a lattice-mismatched SrTiO3001 (001) single crystal. The 2D-to-3D transient structural assembly is primarily controlled by the composition ratio, leading to the coexistence of multiple interfacial properties, 2D electron gas, and magnetic anisotropy. This approach provides multidimensional film heterostructures which enrich the emergent phenomena for multifunctional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Sung Park
- Institute of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-EPFL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
- Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-EPFL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Aurora Diana Rata
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle, Germany
| | - Rasmus Tindal Dahm
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Kanghyun Chu
- Institute of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-EPFL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Yulin Gan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Igor Maznichenko
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle, Germany
| | - Sergey Ostanin
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle, Germany
| | - Felix Trier
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Hionsuck Baik
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seok Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chel-Jong Choi
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Heon Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Gregory Jon Rees
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | | | - Paweł Adam Buczek
- Department of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 20099, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Mertig
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle, Germany
| | - Mihai Adrian Ionescu
- Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-EPFL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Ernst
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Kathrin Dörr
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle, Germany
| | - Paul Muralt
- Institute of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-EPFL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nini Pryds
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
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Lee SK, Yi Y, Kim YH, Kim HI, Chow P, Xiao Y, Eng P, Shen G. Imaging of the electronic bonding of diamond at pressures up to 2 million atmospheres. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg4159. [PMID: 37205753 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Diamond shows unprecedented hardness. Because hardness is a measure of resistance of chemical bonds in a material to external indentation, the electronic bonding nature of diamond beyond several million atmospheres is key to understanding the origin of hardness. However, probing the electronic structures of diamond at such extreme pressure has not been experimentally possible. The measurements on the inelastic x-ray scattering spectra for diamond up to 2 million atmospheres provide data on the evolution of its electronic structures under compression. The mapping of the observed electronic density of states allows us to obtain a two-dimensional image of the bonding transitions of diamond undergoing deformation. The spectral change near edge onset is minor beyond a million atmospheres, while its electronic structure displays marked pressure-induced electron delocalization. Such electronic responses indicate that diamond's external rigidity is supported by its ability to reconcile internal stress, providing insights into the origins of hardness in materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoosoo Yi
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyo-Im Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Paul Chow
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - Yuming Xiao
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - Peter Eng
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guoyin Shen
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
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Kim YH, Yi YS, Kim HI, Chow P, Xiao Y, Shen G, Lee SK. Pressure-Driven Changes in the Electronic Bonding Environment of GeO 2 Glass above Megabar Pressures. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10025-10033. [PMID: 35616519 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Noncrystalline oxides under pressure undergo gradual structural modifications, highlighted by the formation of a dense noncrystalline network topology. The nature of the densified networks and their electronic structures at high pressures may account for the mechanical hardening and the anomalous changes in electromagnetic properties. Despite its importance, direct probing of the electronic structures in amorphous oxides under compression above the Mbar pressure (>100 GPa) is currently lacking. Here, we report the observation of pressure-driven changes in electronic configurations and their delocalization around oxygen in glasses using inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy (IXS). In particular, the first O K-edge IXS spectra for compressed GeO2 glass up to 148 GPa, the highest pressure ever reached in an experimental study of GeO2 glass, reveal that the glass densification results from a progressive increase of oxygen proximity. While the triply coordinated oxygen [3]O is dominant below ∼50 GPa, the IXS spectra resolve multiple edge features that are unique to topologically disordered [4]O upon densification above 55 GPa. Topological compaction in GeO2 glass above 100 GPa results in pronounced electronic delocalization, revealing the contribution from Ge d-orbitals to oxide densification. Strong correlations between the glass density and the electronic configurations beyond the Mbar conditions highlight the electronic origins of densification of heavy-metal-bearing oxide glasses. Current experimental breakthroughs shed light on the direct probing of the electronic density of states in high-Z oxides above 1 Mbar, offering prospects for studies on the pressure-driven changes in magnetism, superconductivity, and electronic transport properties in heavy-metal-bearing oxides under compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yoo Soo Yi
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyo-Im Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Paul Chow
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yuming Xiao
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Guoyin Shen
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sung Keun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Lee SK, Lee AC, Kweon JJ. Probing Medium-Range Order in Oxide Glasses at High Pressure. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1330-1338. [PMID: 33502857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Densification in glassy networks has traditionally been described in terms of short-range structures, such as how atoms are coordinated and how the coordination polyhedron is linked in the second coordination environment. While changes in medium-range structures beyond the second coordination shells may play an important role, experimental verification of the densification beyond short-range structures is among the remaining challenges in the physical sciences. Here, a correlation NMR experiment for prototypical borate glasses under compression up to 9 GPa offers insights into the pressure-induced evolution of proximity among cations on a medium-range scale. Whereas amorphous networks at ambient pressure may favor the formation of medium-range clusters consisting primarily of similar coordination species, such segregation between distinct coordination environments tends to decrease with increasing pressure, promoting a more homogeneous distribution of dissimilar structural units. Together with an increase in the average coordination number, densification of glass accompanies a preferential rearrangement toward a random distribution, which may increase the configurational entropy. The results highlight the direct link between the pressure-induced increase in medium-range disorder and the densification of glasses under extreme compression.
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Lelong G, Cormier L, Hennet L, Michel F, Rueff JP, Ablett JM, Monaco G. Lithium Borates from the Glass to the Melt: A Temperature-Induced Structural Transformation Viewed from the Boron and Oxygen Atoms. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:798-806. [PMID: 33401906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A multiedge study of the local structure of lithium borate glasses and melts has been carried out using X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) as a function of temperature. Thanks to a wide range of compositions, from pure B2O3 up to the metaborate composition, we are able to finely interpret the modifications of the local environment of both the boron and oxygen atoms in terms of boron coordination number, formation of nonbridging oxygens (NBOs), and polymerization degree of the borate framework as a function of temperature and composition. A temperature-induced [4]B to [3]B conversion is observed above the glass transition temperature (Tg) from the glass to the melt from the triborate composition up to the metaborate composition. Two distinct melt structures are reported: a well-polymerized borate network-with few NBOs-below the triborate composition and a depolymerized borate network above the diborate composition with a rapid increase of the number of NBOs when Li2O is added. These two structurally distinct melts allow explaining the two dynamic regimes observed for lithium ion diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Lelong
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Cormier
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Louis Hennet
- Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation CNRS-UPR 3079, Orléans, France
| | - Florent Michel
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement, Université Pierre et Marie Curie/CNRS-UMR 7614, 75005 Paris, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - James M Ablett
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Giulio Monaco
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Lee SK, Mun KY, Kim YH, Lhee J, Okuchi T, Lin JF. Degree of Permanent Densification in Oxide Glasses upon Extreme Compression up to 24 GPa at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2917-2924. [PMID: 32223166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During the decompression of plastically deformed glasses at room temperature, some aspects of irreversible densification may be preserved. This densification has been primarily attributed to topological changes in glass networks. The changes in short-range structures like cation coordination numbers are often assumed to be relaxed upon decompression. Here the NMR results for aluminosilicate glass upon permanent densification up to 24 GPa reveal noticeable changes in the Al coordination number under pressure conditions as low as ∼6 GPa. A drastic increase in the highly coordinated Al fraction is evident over only a relatively narrow pressure range of up to ∼12 GPa, above which the coordination change becomes negligible up to 24 GPa. In contrast, Si coordination environments do not change, highlighting preferential coordination transformation during deformation. The observed trend in the coordination environment shows a remarkable similarity to the pressure-induced changes in the residual glass density, yielding a predictive relationship between the irreversible densification and the detailed structures under extreme compression. The results open a way to access the nature of plastic deformation in complex glasses at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Lee
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kwan Young Mun
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Juho Lhee
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Takuo Okuchi
- Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa 682-0193, Japan
| | - Jung-Fu Lin
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Ta HTT, Tieu AK, Zhu H, Yu H, Tran NV, Ta TD. Mechanisms of Pressure-Induced Structural Transformation in Confined Sodium Borate Glasses. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:277-287. [PMID: 31804086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b09676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, density functional theory simulations were conducted to investigate the structural adaptation of sodium borates xNa2O·(100-x)B2O3 (x = 25, 33, 50, and 60 mol %) during the compression/decompression between 0 and 10 GPa. The sodium borates are confined between two Fe2O3 substrates and undergo the compression by reducing the gap between the two surfaces. The results reveal the borate response to the load through a two-stage transformation: rearrangement at low pressure and polymerization at high pressure. The pressure required to initiate the polymerization depends directly on the portion of fourfold-coordinated ([4]B) boron in the sodium borates. We found that the polymerization occurs through three different mechanisms to form BO4 tetrahedra with surface oxygen and nonbridging and bridging oxygen. The electronic structure was analyzed to understand the nature of these mechanisms. The conversions from BO3 to BO4 are mostly irreversible as a large number of newly formed BO4 remain unchanged under the decompression. In addition, the formation of a sodium-rich layer can be observed when the systems were compressed to high pressure. Our simulation provides insight into sodium borate glass responses to extreme condition and the underlying electronic mechanisms that can account for these behaviors.
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Tse JS. A chemical perspective on high pressure crystal structures and properties. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:149-169. [PMID: 34692029 PMCID: PMC8289026 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The general availability of third generation synchrotron sources has ushered in a new era of high pressure research. The crystal structure of materials under compression can now be determined by X-ray diffraction using powder samples and, more recently, from multi-nano single crystal diffraction. Concurrently, these experimental advancements are accompanied by a rapid increase in computational capacity and capability, enabling the application of sophisticated quantum calculations to explore a variety of material properties. One of the early surprises is the finding that simple metallic elements do not conform to the general expectation of adopting 3D close-pack structures at high pressure. Instead, many novel open structures have been identified with no known analogues at ambient pressure. The occurrence of these structural types appears to be random with no rules governing their formation. The adoption of an open structure at high pressure suggested the presence of directional bonds. Therefore, a localized atomic hybrid orbital description of the chemical bonding may be appropriate. Here, the theoretical foundation and experimental evidence supporting this approach to the elucidation of the high pressure crystal structures of group I and II elements and polyhydrides are reviewed. It is desirable and advantageous to extend and apply established chemical principles to the study of the chemistry and chemical bonding of materials at high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Tse
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
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Lee SK, Kim YH, Yi YS, Chow P, Xiao Y, Ji C, Shen G. Oxygen Quadclusters in SiO_{2} Glass above Megabar Pressures up to 160 GPa Revealed by X-Ray Raman Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:235701. [PMID: 31868455 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.235701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As oxygen may occupy a major volume of oxides, a densification of amorphous oxides under extreme compression is dominated by reorganization of oxygen during compression. X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) spectra for SiO_{2} glass up to 1.6 Mbar reveal the evolution of heavily contracted oxygen environments characterized by a decrease in average O-O distance and the potential emergence of quadruply coordinated oxygen (oxygen quadcluster). Our results also reveal that the edge energies at the centers of gravity of the XRS features increase linearly with bulk density, yielding the first predictive relationship between the density and partial density of state of oxides above megabar pressures. The extreme densification paths with densified oxygen in amorphous oxides shed light upon the possible existence of stable melts in the planetary interiors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yoo Soo Yi
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Paul Chow
- HPCAT, X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yuming Xiao
- HPCAT, X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Cheng Ji
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Guoyin Shen
- HPCAT, X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Koroleva ON, Shtenberg MV, Zainullina RT, Lebedeva SM, Nevolina LA. Vibrational spectroscopy and density of K 2O-B 2O 3-GeO 2 glasses with variable B/Ge ratio. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12676-12684. [PMID: 31161165 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glasses of the K2O-B2O3-GeO2 system were studied by means of Raman and IR spectroscopy. The density of the samples was measured and the dependence of the molar volume and atomic density on composition was calculated. Curve-fitting of Raman spectra was applied to obtain a definition of the main structural units formed in the system. The conditions for highly-coordinated boron and germanium atoms were obtained. It was shown that potassium cations remain connected to germanate structural units at a B/Ge ratio of up to 1, whereas the explicit redistribution of borate and germanate structural groupings becomes most noticeable only at a B/Ge ratio > 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Koroleva
- Institute of Mineralogy SU FRC MG UB RAS, Miass 456317, Russia. and South-Ural State University, Miass 456318, Russia
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