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Strang CG, Rondeau S, Baert N, McArt SH, Raine NE, Muth F. Field agrochemical exposure impacts locomotor activity in wild bumblebees. Ecology 2024; 105:e4310. [PMID: 38828716 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural intensification has been identified as one of the key causes of global insect biodiversity losses. These losses have been further linked to the widespread use of agrochemicals associated with modern agricultural practices. Many of these chemicals are known to have negative sublethal effects on commercial pollinators, such as managed honeybees and bumblebees, but less is known about the impacts on wild bees. Laboratory-based studies with commercial pollinators have consistently shown that pesticide exposure can impact bee behavior, with cascading effects on foraging performance, reproductive success, and pollination services. However, these studies typically assess only one chemical, neglecting the complexity of real-world exposure to multiple agrochemicals and other stressors. In the summer of 2020, we collected wild-foraging workers of the common eastern bumblebee, Bombus impatiens, from five squash (Cucurbita) agricultural sites (organic and conventional farms), selected to represent a range of agrochemical, including neonicotinoid insecticide, use. For each bee, we measured two behaviors relevant to foraging success and previously shown to be impacted by pesticide exposure: sucrose responsiveness and locomotor activity. Following behavioral testing, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) chemical analysis to detect and quantify the presence of 92 agrochemicals in each bumblebee. Bees collected from our sites did not vary in pesticide exposure as expected. While we found a limited occurrence of neonicotinoids, two fungicides (azoxystrobin and difenoconazole) were detected at all sites, and the pesticide synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was present in all 123 bees. We found that bumblebees that contained higher levels of PBO were less active, and this effect was stronger for larger bumblebee workers. While PBO is unlikely to be the direct cause of the reduction in bee activity, it could be an indicator of exposure to pyrethroids and/or other insecticides that we were unable to directly quantify, but which PBO is frequently tank-mixed with during pesticide applications on crops. We did not find a relationship between agrochemical exposure and bumblebee sucrose responsiveness. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a sublethal behavioral impact of agrochemical exposure on wild-foraging bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline G Strang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Sabrina Rondeau
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicolas Baert
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Scott H McArt
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Nigel E Raine
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felicity Muth
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
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2
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da Cruz Araujo SH, Mantilla-Afanador JG, Svacina T, Nascimento TF, da Silva Lima A, Camara MBP, Viteri Jumbo LO, dos Santos GR, da Rocha CQ, de Oliveira EE. Contributions of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Receptors for the Activities of Pectis brevipedunculata Essential Oil against Drosophila suzukii and Pollinator Bees. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1392. [PMID: 38794461 PMCID: PMC11124835 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors play pivotal roles in the transmission of neuronal information in the nervous system of insects, which has led these proteins to be targeted by synthetic and natural products. Here, we assessed the insecticidal potential of the essential oil of Pectis brevipedunculata (Gardner) Sch. Bip., a neotropical Asteraceae plant used in traditional medicine, for controlling Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) adults by feeding exposure. By using in silico approaches, we disentangle the contribution of GABA receptors and other potential neuronal targets (e.g., acetylcholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferases) in insects that may explain the essential oil differential activities against D. suzukii and two essential pollinator bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus and Partamona helleri Friese). Neral (26.7%) and geranial (33.9%) were the main essential oil components which killed D. suzukii with an estimated median lethal concentration (LC50) of 2.25 µL/mL. Both pollinator forager bee species, which would likely contact this compound in the field, were more tolerant to the essential oil and did not have their diet consumptions affected by the essential oil. Based on the molecular predictions for the three potential targets and the essential oil main components, a higher affinity of interaction with the GABA receptors of D. suzukii (geranial -6.2 kcal/mol; neral -5.8 kcal/mol) in relation to A. mellifera (geranial -5.2 kcal/mol; neral -4.9 kcal/mol) would contribute to explaining the difference in toxicities observed in the bioassays. Collectively, our findings indicated the involvement of GABA receptors in the potential of P. brevipedunculata essential oil as an alternative tool for controlling D. suzukii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Guillermo Mantilla-Afanador
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia e Biotecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Rua 23 N. 60-63, Manizales 170001, Colombia;
| | - Thiago Svacina
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (S.H.d.C.A.)
| | - Tarciza Fernandes Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil (L.O.V.J.); (G.R.d.S.)
| | - Aldilene da Silva Lima
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (A.d.S.L.); (C.Q.d.R.)
| | - Marcos Bispo Pinheiro Camara
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (A.d.S.L.); (C.Q.d.R.)
| | - Luis Oswaldo Viteri Jumbo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil (L.O.V.J.); (G.R.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Gil Rodrigues dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil (L.O.V.J.); (G.R.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Quintino da Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (A.d.S.L.); (C.Q.d.R.)
| | - Eugênio Eduardo de Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (S.H.d.C.A.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil (L.O.V.J.); (G.R.d.S.)
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3
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Cappellari A, Malagnini V, Fontana P, Zanotelli L, Tonidandel L, Angeli G, Ioriatti C, Marini L. Impact of landscape composition on honey bee pollen contamination by pesticides: A multi-residue analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140829. [PMID: 38042427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The honey bee is the most common and important managed pollinator of crops. In recent years, honey bee colonies faced high mortality for multiple causes, including land-use change and the use of plant protection products (hereafter pesticides). This work aimed to explore how contamination by pesticides of pollen collected by honey bees was modulated by landscape composition and seasonality. We placed two honey bee colonies in 13 locations in Northern Italy in contrasting landscapes, from which we collected pollen samples monthly during the whole flowering season in 2019 and 2020. We searched for almost 400 compounds, including fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, and acaricides. We then calculated for each pollen sample the Pollen Hazard Quotient (PHQ), an index that provides a measure of multi-residue toxicity of contaminated pollen. Almost all pollen samples were contaminated by at least one compound. We detected 97 compounds, mainly fungicides, but insecticides and acaricides showed the highest toxicity. Fifteen % of the pollen samples had medium-high or high levels of PHQ, which could pose serious threats to honey bees. Fungicides showed a nearly constant PHQ throughout the season, while herbicides and insecticides and acaricides showed higher PHQ values in spring and early summer. Also, PHQ increased with increasing cover of agricultural and urban areas from April to July, while it was low and independent of landscape composition at the end of the season. The cover of perennial crops, i.e., fruit trees and vineyards, but not of annual crops, increased PHQ of pollen samples. Our work highlighted that the potential toxicity of pollen collected by honey bees was modulated by complex interactions among pesticide category, seasonality, and landscape composition. Due to the large number of compounds detected, our study should be complemented with additional experimental research on the potential interactive effects of multiple compounds on honey bee health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andree Cappellari
- University of Padova, Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Valeria Malagnini
- Edmund Mach Foundation, Technology Transfer Centre, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Paolo Fontana
- Edmund Mach Foundation, Technology Transfer Centre, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Livia Zanotelli
- Edmund Mach Foundation, Technology Transfer Centre, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Loris Tonidandel
- Edmund Mach Foundation, Technology Transfer Centre, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Gino Angeli
- Edmund Mach Foundation, Technology Transfer Centre, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Claudio Ioriatti
- Edmund Mach Foundation, Research and Innovation Centre, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marini
- University of Padova, Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
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Li P, Abd El-Aty AM, Jiang H, Shen J, Wang Z, Wen K, Li J, Wang S, Wang J, Hammock BD, Jin M. Immunoassays and Emerging Analytical Techniques of Fipronil and its Metabolites for Food Safety: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2059-2076. [PMID: 38252458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Fipronil, classified as a phenylpyrazole insecticide, is utilized to control agricultural, public health, and veterinary pests. Notably, its unique ecological fate involves degradation to toxic metabolites, which poses the risk of contamination in water and foodstuffs and potential human exposure through the food chain. In response to these concerns, there is a pressing need to develop analytical methodologies for detecting fipronil and its metabolites. This review provides a concise overview of the mode of action, metabolism, and toxicology of fipronil. Additionally, various detection strategies, encompassing antibody-based immunoassays and emerging analytical techniques, such as fluorescence assays based on aptamer/molecularly imprinted polymer/fluorescent probes, electrochemical sensors, and Raman spectroscopy, are thoroughly reviewed and discussed. The focus extends to detecting fipronil and its metabolites in crops, fruits, vegetables, animal-derived foods, water, and bodily fluids. This comprehensive exploration contributes valuable insights into the field, aiming to foster the development and innovation of more sensitive, rapid, and applicable analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jia Li
- Jinhua Miaozhidizhi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Hangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology & Nematology and the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Maojun Jin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
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5
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Benito-Murcia M, Botías C, Martín-Hernández R, Higes M, Soler F, Pérez-López M, Míguez-Santiyán MP, Martínez-Morcillo S. Biomarker responses and lethal dietary doses of tau-fluvalinate and coumaphos in honey bees: Implications for chronic acaricide toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 105:104330. [PMID: 38042261 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that acaricide residues, such as tau-fluvalinate and coumaphos, are very prevalent in honey bee colonies worldwide. However, the endpoints and effects of chronic oral exposure to these compounds remain poorly understood. In this study, we calculated LC50 and LDD50 endpoints for coumaphos and tau-fluvalinate, and then evaluated in vivo and in vitro effects on honey bees using different biomarkers. The LDD50 values for coumaphos were 0.539, and for tau-fluvalinate, they were 12.742 in the spring trial and 8.844 in the autumn trial. Chronic exposure to tau-fluvalinate and coumaphos resulted in significant changes in key biomarkers, indicating potential neurotoxicity, xenobiotic biotransformation, and oxidative stress. The Integrated Biomarker Response was stronger for coumaphos than for tau-fluvalinate, supporting their relative lethality. This study highlights the chronic toxicity of these acaricides and presents the first LDD50 values for tau-fluvalinate and coumaphos in honey bees, providing insights into the risks faced by colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Benito-Murcia
- Neobeitar, Avenida de Alemania, 6 - 1º B, 10001 Cáceres, Spain; Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA), Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal (IRIAF), 19180 Marchamalo, Spain
| | - Cristina Botías
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá de Henares, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Raquel Martín-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA), Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal (IRIAF), 19180 Marchamalo, Spain; Instituto de Recursos Humanos para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (INCRECYT-FEDER), Fundación Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Mariano Higes
- Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA), Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal (IRIAF), 19180 Marchamalo, Spain
| | - Francisco Soler
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Marcos Pérez-López
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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Kim C, Lee SE. Developmental toxicity of fipronil and its two metabolites towards zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122119. [PMID: 37385358 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil (FIL) use is currently regulated in several countries due to its specific toxicity to bees. This study investigated the possible developmental toxicities as well as the acute toxicities of FIL, fipronil sulfide (FIL-SI), and fipronil sulfone (FIL-SO) to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. At concentrations up to 5000 μg L-1, FIL- and FIL-SI-treated embryos exhibited significant mortality at 96 h postfertilization. Body length was significantly shortened with increasing concentrations in FIL- and FIL-SI-treated embryos. However, FIL-SO-treated embryos exhibited low mortality with high hatching rates. Body length was also significantly shortened in FIL-SO-treated embryos. Regarding the number of intersegmental vessels (ISVs), all chemical-treated embryos showed high ISV numbers with increasing concentrations of each chemical. FIL and FIL-SI induced abnormal heart formation with heart dysfunction in embryos, whereas FIL-SO did not induce any difference in heart development compared with the control. Abnormal heart formation may be related to the upregulation of nppa responsible for the expression of natriuretic peptides in embryos. Embryonic acetylcholinesterase activity was decreased gradually according to the increase in FIL and FIL-SI concentrations, whereas FIL-SO did not cause any change in enzyme activity. Il-1β responsible for the occurrence of injury or infection was highly upregulated in FIL-SI- and FIL-SO-treated embryos. Therefore, reduction to FIL-SI may be associated with FIL toxicity, whereas oxidation to FIL-SO may be a detoxification route in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Ferreira LMN, Hrncir M, de Almeida DV, Bernardes RC, Lima MAP. Effects of acephate and glyphosate-based agrochemicals on the survival and flight of Plebeia lucii Moure, 2004 (Apidae: Meliponini). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:926-936. [PMID: 37728837 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The conservation of terrestrial ecosystems depends largely on the preservation of pollinators, mainly bees. Stingless bees are among the main pollinators of native plants and crops in tropical regions, where they can be exposed to agrochemicals while foraging on contaminated flowers. In the present study, we investigated the effects on stingless bees of both a commonly used insecticide and herbicide in Brazil. Plebeia lucii Moure, 2004 (Apidae: Meliponini) foragers were orally chronically exposed to food contaminated with different concentrations of commercial formulations of the insecticide acephate or the herbicide glyphosate. Bee mortality increased with increasing agrochemical concentrations. Depending on its concentration, the acephate-based formulation reduced the lifespan and impaired the flight ability of bees. The glyphosate-based formulation was toxic only under unrealistic concentrations. Our results demonstrate that realistic concentrations of acephate-based insecticides harm the survival and alter the mobility of stingless bees. The ingestion of glyphosate-based herbicides was safe for forager bees under realistic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Maria Negrini Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Michael Hrncir
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Vieira de Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Agronomia, Curso de Graduação em Agronomia, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Jiang X, Xiao L, Chen Y, Huang C, Wang J, Tang X, Wan K, Xu H. Degradation of the Novel Heterocyclic Insecticide Pyraquinil in Water: Kinetics, Degradation Pathways, Transformation Products Identification, and Toxicity Assessment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37378629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
As new pesticides are continuously introduced into agricultural systems, it is essential to investigate their environmental behavior and toxicity effects to better evaluate their potential risks. In this study, the degradation kinetics, pathways, and aquatic toxicity of the new fused heterocyclic insecticide pyraquinil in water under different conditions were investigated for the first time. Pyraquinil was classified as an easily degradable pesticide in natural water, and hydrolyzes faster in alkaline conditions and at higher temperatures. The formation trends of the main transformation products (TPs) of pyraquinil were also quantified. Fifteen TPs were identified in water using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS) and Compound Discoverer software, which adopted suspect and nontarget screening strategies. Among them, twelve TPs were reported for the first time and 11 TPs were confirmed by synthesis of their standards. The proposed degradation pathways have demonstrated that the 4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline skeleton of pyraquinil is stable enough to retain in its TPs. ECOSAR prediction and laboratory tests showed that pyraquinil was "very toxic" or "toxic" to aquatic organisms, while the toxicities of all of the TPs are substantially lower than that of pyraquinil except for TP484, which was predicted to pose a higher toxicity. The results are important for elucidating the fate and assessing the environmental risks of pyraquinil, and provide guidance for scientific and reasonable use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyuan Jiang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, and Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, and Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, and Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Congling Huang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, and Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, and Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, and Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kai Wan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, and Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Fan M, Qi S, Jiang N, Li Q, Zhao L, Wu L, Huang S, Wang M. Exploring RNA methylation as a promising biomarker for assessing sublethal effects of fipronil on honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115152. [PMID: 37348220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees play a crucial role as pollinators for crops and are regarded as sensitive bioindicators of environmental health. The widespread use of pesticides poses a severe threat to honeybee survival. However, there is limited information available on the specific risks associated with fipronil exposure in honeybees, particularly concerning the impact on RNA methylation throughout their lifespan. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sublethal concentrations of fipronil on RNA m6A and m5C methylations, along with the associated genes in honeybee larvae and newly emerged adults. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a notable hypomethylation of m5C in larvae, while hypermethylation of m6A was observed in the adult brain. Significant changes in the expression of genes such as AmWTAP, AmYTHDF, AmALKBH4, AmALKBH6, AmALKBH8, AmNSUN5, AmNOP2, AmTET1, and AmYBX1 were observed in the adult brain, whereas alterations in the expression of AmNSUN2, AmMETTL14, AmALKBH1, AmALKBH4, AmALKBH6 AmALYREF, AmTET1, and AmYBX1 were observed in the larvae. Notably, the expression of AmALKBH1 was not detected in any fipronil-treated larvae, suggesting its potential as an early risk indicator for honeybee larvae in future assessments. This pioneering study provides insights into the effects of fipronil on RNA methylations in honeybees and explores the possibility of employing RNA methylation as a tool for assessing pesticide risks in this important pollinator species. These findings offer new perspectives on honeybee protection and the development of toxicity evaluation systems for pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Fan
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China; College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Fujian Honey Bee Biology Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qiangqiang Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liuwei Zhao
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shaokang Huang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Honey Bee Biology Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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10
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Global honeybee health decline factors and potential conservation techniques. Food Secur 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-023-01346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Xie N, Gross AD. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation synergizes the knockdown and toxicity of GABA-gated chloride channel insecticides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4599-4607. [PMID: 35841135 PMCID: PMC9805118 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pest management requires continual identification of new physiological targets and strategies to control pests affecting agriculture and public/animal health. We propose the muscarinic system as a target for agrochemicals because of its physiological importance. Unlike the muscarinic system, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) receptors are an established insecticide target. Here, we investigated target-site synergism using small molecule probes (agonist and antagonist) against the muscarinic system and their ability to enhance the toxicity of GABAergic insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen). RESULTS Oral delivery of pilocarpine (muscarinic agonist) enhanced the toxicity of dieldrin, fipronil, and lindane, resulting in synergist ratios (SRs) between 4-32-fold (orally delivered) or between 2-67-fold when insecticides were topically applied. The synergism between pilocarpine and the GABA-insecticides was greater than the synergism observed with atropine (muscarinic antagonist), and was greater, or comparable, to the synergism observed with the metabolic inhibitor piperonyl butoxide. In addition to lethality, pilocarpine increased the knockdown of lindane. The mechanism of synergism was also investigated in the central nervous system using extracellular electrophysiology, where pilocarpine (3 μmo/L) lowered the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of lindane from 1.3 (0.86-1.98) μmol/L to 0.17 (0.14-0.21) μmol/L and fipronil's IC50 from 2.2 (1.54-3.29) μmol/L to 0.56 (0.40-0.77) μmol/L. CONCLUSION Convergence of the cellular function between the muscarinic and GABAergic systems enhanced the insecticidal activity of GABA receptor blocking insecticides through the modulation of the central nervous system (CNS). The future impact of the findings could be the reduction of the active ingredient needed in a formulation with the development of muscarinic synergists. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xie
- Molecular Physiology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of EntomologyVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Aaron D. Gross
- Molecular Physiology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of EntomologyVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA
- School of Neuroscience, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityVirginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod‐borne Diseases, and Molecular and Cellular Biology ProgramBlacksburgVAUSA
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12
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Gonçalves S, Vasconcelos MW, Mota TFM, Lopes JMH, Guimaraes LJ, Miglioranza KSB, Ghisi NDC. Identifying global trends and gaps in research on pesticide fipronil: a scientometric review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:79111-79125. [PMID: 35705759 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil is a broad potent insecticide that belongs to the phenylpyrazole chemical family. Its action mode acting in the presynaptic and postsynaptic blocking the chlorine ions by the neurotransmitters GABA. It is considered highly toxic, and in some countries, its use has been prohibited. The objective of this review is to perform a scientometric analysis for global measurement of the research on the insecticide fipronil. All information in this study was searched in the Web of Science (WoS) database in December 2021. The search was carried using the term "fipronil." Thus, 2362 studies were selected. Most selected articles showed toxicity effects of fipronil on non-target organisms, analytical methods to detect the insecticide, environmental degradation processes, and efficiency in reducing insects through its use. The H index for this dataset was 91. The cooperation network of the authors among countries showed the USA as the most notorious, with 30.6% of studies, followed by China (15.7%) and Brazil (10.9%). There are many studies on the toxicity of fipronil in bees, forms of degradation, and effectiveness of this insecticide. The present work presents suggestions pointed out in the articles for further research and highlights the importance of studies involving fipronil, as well as studies of alternative pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrieli Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biological Analysis and Molecular Biology (BioMol), Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança s/n, km 04, Comunidade Sao Cristovão, P.O. Box 157, Dois Vizinhos, , Parana, 85660-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança s/n, km 04, Comunidade Sao Cristovão, P.O. Box 157, Dois Vizinhos, Parana, 85660-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Wust Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Biological Analysis and Molecular Biology (BioMol), Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança s/n, km 04, Comunidade Sao Cristovão, P.O. Box 157, Dois Vizinhos, , Parana, 85660-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança s/n, km 04, Comunidade Sao Cristovão, P.O. Box 157, Dois Vizinhos, Parana, 85660-000, Brazil
| | - Thaís Fernandes Mendonça Mota
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança s/n, km 04, Comunidade Sao Cristovão, P.O. Box 157, Dois Vizinhos, Parana, 85660-000, Brazil.
- Collegiate of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual Do Paraná (UNESPAR), Campus Paranavaí, Avenida Gabriel Esperidião, s/n, Jardim Morumbi, Paranavaí, Parana, 87703-000, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Marceli Hofma Lopes
- Graduate Program in Agroecosystems (PPGSIS), Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança s/n, km 04, Comunidade Sao Cristovão, P.O. Box 157, Dois Vizinhos, Parana, 85660-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Juliane Guimaraes
- Graduate Program in Agroecosystems (PPGSIS), Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança s/n, km 04, Comunidade Sao Cristovão, P.O. Box 157, Dois Vizinhos, Parana, 85660-000, Brazil
| | - Karina Silvia Beatriz Miglioranza
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Y Contaminación Ambiental, , Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMDP-CONICET, Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Nédia de Castilhos Ghisi
- Laboratory of Biological Analysis and Molecular Biology (BioMol), Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança s/n, km 04, Comunidade Sao Cristovão, P.O. Box 157, Dois Vizinhos, , Parana, 85660-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança s/n, km 04, Comunidade Sao Cristovão, P.O. Box 157, Dois Vizinhos, Parana, 85660-000, Brazil
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13
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Costa CP, Leza M, Duennes MA, Fisher K, Vollaro A, Hur M, Kirkwood JS, Woodard SH. Pollen diet mediates how pesticide exposure impacts brain gene expression in nest-founding bumble bee queens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155216. [PMID: 35421476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A primary goal in biology is to understand the effects of multiple, interacting environmental stressors on organisms. Wild and domesticated bees are exposed to a wide variety of interacting biotic and abiotic stressors, with widespread declines in floral resources and agrochemical exposure being two of the most important. In this study, we used examinations of brain gene expression to explore the sublethal consequences of neonicotinoid pesticide exposure and pollen diet composition in nest-founding bumble bee queens. We demonstrate for the first time that pollen diet composition can influence the strength of bumble bee queen responses to pesticide exposure at the molecular level. Specifically, one pollen mixture in our study appeared to buffer bumble bee queens entirely against the effects of pesticide exposure, with respect to brain gene expression. Additionally, we detected unique effects of pollen diet and sustained (versus more temporary) pesticide exposure on queen gene expression. Our findings support the hypothesis that nutritional status can help buffer animals against the harmful effects of other stressors, including pesticides, and highlight the importance of using molecular approaches to explore sublethal consequences of stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudineia P Costa
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA..
| | - Mar Leza
- Department of Biology (Zoology), University of the Balearic Islands, Cra, Valldemossa, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | | | - Kaleigh Fisher
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa Vollaro
- IIGB Metabolomics Core Facility, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Manhoi Hur
- IIGB Metabolomics Core Facility, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jay S Kirkwood
- IIGB Metabolomics Core Facility, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - S Hollis Woodard
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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14
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Story PG, Hinds LA, Henry S, Warden AC, Dojchinov G. Sensitivity of the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura (Gould 1845), to the insecticide, fipronil; implications for pesticide risk assessments in Australia. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:822-835. [PMID: 35511311 PMCID: PMC9209372 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A lack of toxicity data quantifying responses of Australian native mammals to agricultural pesticides prompted an investigation into the sensitivity of the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura (Gould 1845) to the insecticide, fipronil (5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl pyrazole, CAS No. 120068-37-3). Using the Up-And-Down method for determining acute oral toxicity in mammals (OECD) median lethal dose estimates of 990 mg kg-1 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 580.7-4770.0 mg kg-1) and 270.4 mg kg-1 (95% CI = 0.0->20,000.0 mg kg-1) were resolved for male and female S. macroura, respectively. The difference between median lethal dose estimates for males and females may have been influenced by the older ages of two female dunnarts. Consequently, further modelling of female responses to fipronil doses used the following assumptions: (a) death at 2000 mg kg-1, (b) survival at 500 mg kg-1 and (c) a differential response (both survival and death) at 990 mg kg-1. This modelling revealed median lethal dose estimates for female S. macroura of 669.1 mg kg-1 (95% CI = 550-990 mg kg-1; assuming death at 990 mg kg-1) and 990 mg kg-1 (95% CI = 544.7-1470 mg kg-1; assuming survival at 990 mg kg-1). These median lethal dose estimates are 3-10-fold higher than available LD50 values of 94 mg kg-1 for a similarly sized eutherian mammal, Mus musculus (L. 1758) and 97 mg kg-1 for Rattus norvegicus (Birkenhout 1769). Implications for pesticide risk assessments in Australia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Story
- Australian Plague Locust Commission, Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Lyn A Hinds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Black Mountain Laboratories, Acton, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Steve Henry
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Black Mountain Laboratories, Acton, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Andrew C Warden
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Land and Water, Black Mountain Laboratories, Acton, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Greg Dojchinov
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Land and Water, Black Mountain Laboratories, Acton, ACT, 2600, Australia
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15
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Mota TFM, Sampaio AR, Vasconcelos MW, de Castilhos Ghisi N. Allium cepa test vs. insecticides: a scientometric and meta-analytical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:42678-42691. [PMID: 35089509 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides stand out as the most dangerous pesticides, and many of them can cause cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in organisms. For this reason, a systematic review was performed focusing on the effect of insecticides on Allium cepa system by two ways: (1) a scientometric study to identify trends and gaps in the literature on the evaluation of insecticides to guide future research efforts and (2) a meta-analytical approach compiling the information to obtain an overall result about insecticide effect on A. cepa. It was found that there is an increasing production of articles in this research area. The H-index of our data set was 11, with an average of 13.72 citations per item. The leader country in this research area was India, followed by Turkey and Brazil. The best cited research area was "Environmental Sciences" and "Environmental Sciences and Ecology," followed by "Cell Biology." The most used keywords were genotoxicity, pesticides, and insecticide. The meta-analytical test showed that the number of micronuclei found in onion cells treated with insecticides is higher than that in untreated ones, and the use of pesticides reduced the mitotic index. In conclusion, it is evident the need for more studies about biotechnology, nanotechnology, and biopesticides to develop safer pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Fernandes Mendonça Mota
- Collegiate of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Paraná (UNESPAR), Campus Paranavaí, Avenida Gabriel Esperidião, s/n, Jardim Morumbi, 87703-000 Paranavaí, Paraná, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança s/n, km 04, Comunidade Sao Cristovão, P.O. Box 157, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, 85660-000, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Roberta Sampaio
- Graduate Program in Agroecossistems, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança s/n, km 04, Comunidade Sao Cristovão, P.O. Box 157, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, 85660-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Wust Vasconcelos
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança s/n, km 04, Comunidade Sao Cristovão, P.O. Box 157, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, 85660-000, Brazil
| | - Nédia de Castilhos Ghisi
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança s/n, km 04, Comunidade Sao Cristovão, P.O. Box 157, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, 85660-000, Brazil
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16
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Cens T, Chavanieu A, Bertaud A, Mokrane N, Estaran S, Roussel J, Ménard C, De Jesus Ferreira M, Guiramand J, Thibaud J, Cohen‐Solal C, Rousset M, Rolland V, Vignes M, Charnet P. Molecular Targets of Neurotoxic Insecticides in
Apis mellifera. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Cens
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Alain Chavanieu
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Anaïs Bertaud
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Nawfel Mokrane
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Sébastien Estaran
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Julien Roussel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Claudine Ménard
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | | | - Janique Guiramand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Thibaud
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Catherine Cohen‐Solal
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Matthieu Rousset
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Valérie Rolland
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Michel Vignes
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Pierre Charnet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
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17
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Bertaud A, Cens T, Mary R, Rousset M, Arel E, Thibaud JB, Vignes M, Ménard C, Dutertre S, Collet C, Charnet P. Xenopus Oocytes: A Tool to Decipher Molecular Specificity of Insecticides towards Mammalian and Insect GABA—A Receptors. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050440. [PMID: 35629767 PMCID: PMC9146934 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The number of insect GABA receptors (GABAr) available for expression studies has been recently increased by the cloning of the Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) RDL subunits. This large number of cloned RDL subunits from pest and beneficial insects opens the door to parallel pharmacological studies on the sensitivity of these different insect GABAr to various agonists or antagonists. The resulting analysis of the molecular basis of the species-specific GABAr responses to insecticides is necessary not only to depict and understand species toxicity, but also to help at the early identification of unacceptable toxicity of insecticides toward beneficial insects such as Apis mellifera (honeybees). Using heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and two-electrode voltage-clamp recording to assess the properties of the GABAr, we performed a comparative analysis of the pharmacological sensitivity of RDL subunits from A. pisum, A. mellifera and Varroa destructor GABAr to three pesticides (fipronil, picrotoxin and dieldrin). These data were compared to similar characterizations performed on two Homo sapiens GABA-A receptors (α2β2γ2 and α2β2γ2). Our results underline a global conservation of the pharmacological profiles of these receptors, with some interesting species specificities, nonetheless, and suggest that this approach can be useful for the early identification of poorly specific molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Bertaud
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Thierry Cens
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Rosanna Mary
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Matthieu Rousset
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Elodie Arel
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibaud
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Michel Vignes
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Claudine Ménard
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Sébastien Dutertre
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Claude Collet
- INRAE, UR 406, Abeilles et Environnement, Domaine St. Paul, Site Agroparc, 84140 Avignon, France;
| | - Pierre Charnet
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Pope TW, Roberts JM. Vine Weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Management: Current State and Future Perspectives. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 67:221-238. [PMID: 34995086 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-071221-060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vine weevil, also known as black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, has been one of the most economically important pest species of global horticultural crops for the past five decades. This period has seen many changes in crop protection practices, including wide-scale adoption of biological controls such as entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi in place of conventional synthetic insecticides. Despite the experimental efficacy of these controls, growers continue to report significant crop losses associated with vine weevil infestation. We argue that simply switching from synthetic insecticides to biological controls, rather than using these controls as part of an integrated management program, is a key factor in the continued importance of this pest. An improved understanding of vine weevil biology and ecology is at the center of the development of truly integrated pest management programs. To this end, we identify opportunities created through recent vine weevil research and highlight key knowledge gaps in which further research may contribute to improved future management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom W Pope
- Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Joe M Roberts
- Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom; ,
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19
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Ngo K, Castillo P, Laine RA, Sun Q. Effects of Menadione on Survival, Feeding, and Tunneling Activity of the Formosan Subterranean Termite. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121109. [PMID: 34940197 PMCID: PMC8707845 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is a highly destructive pest and a cosmopolitan invasive species. Sustainable termite management methods have been improving with the search for novel insecticides that are effective, safe, and cost efficient. Menadione, also known as vitamin K3, is a synthetic analogue and biosynthetic precursor of vitamin K with low mammalian toxicity. Menadione has shown insecticidal activity in several insects, presumably due to interference with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. However, little is known about its effectiveness against termites. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity and repellency of menadione in C. formosanus. Our results showed that menadione affected the survival and feeding activity of termites both in filter paper and substrate (sand) treatments, and menadione influenced termite tunneling activity in treated sand. In a no-choice assay, ≥90% mortality after seven days and minimal or no food consumption were recorded when sand was treated with menadione at 6 to 600 ppm. In a two-choice assay with a combination of treated and untreated sand, termites were deterred by menadione at 6 to 600 ppm and exhibited low mortality (≤30%) over seven days, while tunneling activity was prevented with 60 to 600 ppm of menadione treatment. Overall, our study demonstrated dose-dependent toxicity and repellency of menadione in C. formosanus. The potential use of menadione as an alternative termite control agent is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu Ngo
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (K.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Paula Castillo
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (K.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Roger A. Laine
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Correspondence: (R.A.L.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (K.N.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.L.); (Q.S.)
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20
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Zacouteguy AMB, Limberger GM, de Oliveira PSC, da Fonseca DB, Bruch GE, Barros DM. The adverse effects of injected functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT) on in vivo neurosecretory brain cells of Jamaican field cricket, Gryllus assimilis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66968-66977. [PMID: 34244942 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been increasingly more prevalent due to their use in product technology owing to their exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity and tensile strength because of their nanostructure and strength of the bonds among carbon atoms. The potential increase of CNTs in the environment is a concern, and studies to assess the toxic effects of these nanomaterials (NMs) are needed. However, so far, most of the studies are focused on aquatic species and much less is understood about the effects of NM in terrestrial organisms. This investigation used a functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT) and the Jamaican cricket Gryllus assimilis to assess the effects of this NM. Cricket nymphs were injected with f-MWCNT suspension-at three different concentrations. The insecticide Fipronil was used as a positive control. Survival was monitored, and histological analysis was made in the brains. Pyknotic cells were quantified in two brain regions, a neurosecretory called Pars intercerebralis (PI), and an associative region called mushroom body (MB). No mortality was observed in any f-MWCNT concentration tested. A significant increase in pyknotic cells was observed as sub-lethal effect for the intermediate concentration of f-MWCNT, at PI, while any significant change was observed at the Kenyon cells of the MB. These results are discussed in the context of agglomeration and dispersion of the f-MWCNT at different concentrations, and availability of the f-MWCNT on the circulatory system, as well as the natural decay of pyknotic cells with time and different patterns of adult cricket neurogenesis. Our results showed that f-MWCNT had negative effects in the neurosecretory region of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Maciel Bueno Zacouteguy
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Martins Limberger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gisele Eva Bruch
- Departamento de Física/ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniela Martí Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil.
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21
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Farder-Gomes CF, Fernandes KM, Bernardes RC, Bastos DSS, Oliveira LLD, Martins GF, Serrão JE. Harmful effects of fipronil exposure on the behavior and brain of the stingless bee Partamona helleri Friese (Hymenoptera: Meliponini). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148678. [PMID: 34225147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil is a pesticide widely used to control agricultural and household insect pests. However, fipronil is highly toxic to non-target insects, including pollinators. In this study, we investigated the acute effects of fipronil on the behavior, brain morphology, antioxidant activity, and proteins related to signaling pathways on the brain of workers of the stingless bee Partamona helleri. The ingestion of fipronil increases both the walking distance and velocity and causes enlarged intercellular spaces in the Kenyon cells and intense vacuolization in the neuropils of the brain. Moreover, fipronil decreases the activity of catalase (CAT) and increases the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST). However, there is no difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity between the control and fipronil. Regarding immunofluorescence analysis, bees exposed to fipronil showed an increase in the number of cells positive for cleaved caspase-3 and peroxidase, but a reduction in the number of cells positive for ERK 1/2, JNK and Notch, suggesting neuron death and impaired brain function. Our results demonstrate that fipronil has harmful effects on the behavior and brain of a stingless bee, which may threaten the individuals and colonies of this pollinator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniel Silva Sena Bastos
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
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22
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Li J, Zhao L, Qi S, Zhao W, Xue X, Wu L, Huang S. Sublethal effects of Isoclast™ Active (50% sulfoxaflor water dispersible granules) on larval and adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112379. [PMID: 34058677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoxaflor is a novel sulfoximine insecticide which is widely used to control crop pests. Risk assessments have reported its high toxicity to pollinators. However, sulfoxaflor is not persistent in the environment and few studies have addressed its negative effects on larval and newly emerged honeybees at environmentally relevant concentrations. In the present study, the sublethal effects of a sulfoxaflor commercial product, Isoclast™ Active, were evaluated in the laboratory using larvae and newly emerged worker honeybees. The results of 96-h acute toxicity showed that Isoclast is moderately toxic to adult bees, and it could induce significant death and growth failure of larvae after continuous dietary intake. In addition, Isoclast induced significant changes in antioxidative (SOD, CAT), lipid peroxidation (POD, LPO, MDA), detoxification (GST, GR, GSH) and signal transduction-related (AChE, ACh) enzymes or products both in larvae and adult honey bees under residue levels. Here we firstly reported the lethal and sublethal effects of commercial sulfoxaflor to honeybees' larvae and young workers. All these findings revealed the potential risks of sulfoxaflor residue in environment to honey bees, and may also to other pollinators. This is a laboratory mimic studies, and further studies are still needed to investigate the risks and in-depth mechanisms of sulfoxaflor to bees in field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Li
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liuwei Zhao
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture In North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shaokang Huang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Honey Bee Biology Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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23
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Leska A, Nowak A, Nowak I, Górczyńska A. Effects of Insecticides and Microbiological Contaminants on Apis mellifera Health. Molecules 2021; 26:5080. [PMID: 34443668 PMCID: PMC8398688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been an alarming decline in the number of honey bee colonies. This phenomenon is called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). Bee products play a significant role in human life and have a huge impact on agriculture, therefore bees are an economically important species. Honey has found its healing application in various sectors of human life, as well as other bee products such as royal jelly, propolis, and bee pollen. There are many putative factors of CCD, such as air pollution, GMO, viruses, or predators (such as wasps and hornets). It is, however, believed that pesticides and microorganisms play a huge role in the mass extinction of bee colonies. Insecticides are chemicals that are dangerous to both humans and the environment. They can cause enormous damage to bees' nervous system and permanently weaken their immune system, making them vulnerable to other factors. Some of the insecticides that negatively affect bees are, for example, neonicotinoids, coumaphos, and chlorpyrifos. Microorganisms can cause various diseases in bees, weakening the health of the colony and often resulting in its extinction. Infection with microorganisms may result in the need to dispose of the entire hive to prevent the spread of pathogens to other hives. Many aspects of the impact of pesticides and microorganisms on bees are still unclear. The need to deepen knowledge in this matter is crucial, bearing in mind how important these animals are for human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Nowak
- Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 8/12, 90-232 Lodz, Poland; (I.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Górczyńska
- Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 8/12, 90-232 Lodz, Poland; (I.N.); (A.G.)
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24
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Carbonell-Rozas L, Canales R, Lara FJ, García-Campaña AM, Silva MF. A natural deep eutectic solvent as a novel dispersive solvent in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet for the determination of pesticide residues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6413-6424. [PMID: 34410442 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Current trends in analytical chemistry encourage the use of innocuous solvents to develop modern methods aligned with green chemistry. In this sense, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have emerged as a novel generation of green solvents which can be employed in sample treatments as an alternative to the toxic organic solvents commonly used so far. In this work, a new extraction method employs dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on a solid floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO), by using a mixture composed of a less dense than water extraction solvent, 1-dodecanol, and a novel dispersive solvent, NADES. The methodology was proposed to extract and preconcentrate some pesticide residues (fipronil, fipronil-sulfide, fipronil-sulfone, and boscalid) from environmental water and white wine samples before analysis by liquid-chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Limits of quantification (LOQs) lower than 4.5 μg L-1, recoveries above 80%, and precision, expressed as RSD, below 15% were achieved in both samples showing that the proposed method is a powerful, efficient, and green alternative for the determination of these compounds and, therefore, demonstrating a new application for NADES in sample preparation. In addition, the DLLME-SFOD-HPLC-UV method was evaluated and compared with other reported approaches using the Analytical GREEnness metric approach, which highlighted the greenness of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carbonell-Rozas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Romina Canales
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Francisco J Lara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María Fernanda Silva
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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25
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Singh NS, Sharma R, Singh SK, Singh DK. A comprehensive review of environmental fate and degradation of fipronil and its toxic metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111316. [PMID: 33989624 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides to increase crop production has become one of the inevitable components of modern agriculture. Fipronil, a phenylpyrazoles insecticide, is one of the most widely used, systemic, broad-spectrum insecticides. Owing to its unique mode of action and selective toxicity, it was once regarded as safer alternatives to more toxic and persistent organochlorine insecticides. However, with the increased use, many studies have reported the toxicity of fipronil and its metabolites in various non-target organisms during the last two decades. Currently, it is regarded as one of the most persistent and lipophilic insecticides in the market. In the environment, fipronil can undergo oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, or photolysis to form fipronil sulfone, fipronil sulfide, fipronil amide, or fipronil desulfinyl respectively. These metabolites except fipronil amide are more or less toxic and persistent than fipronil and have been reported from diverse environmental samples. Recently many studies have focused on the degradation and removal of fipronil residues from the environment. However, a comprehensive review summarizing and combining these recent findings is lacking. In the present review, we evaluate, summarize, and combine important findings from recent degradation studies of fipronil and its metabolites. An attempt has been made to elucidate the possible mechanism and pathways of degradation of fipronil and its toxic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngangbam Sarat Singh
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Government Arts College, Yanam, Puducherry, 533464, India
| | - Ranju Sharma
- Pesticide Toxicology and Soil Microbial Ecology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Dileep Kumar Singh
- Pesticide Toxicology and Soil Microbial Ecology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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26
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Tosi S, Nieh JC, Brandt A, Colli M, Fourrier J, Giffard H, Hernández-López J, Malagnini V, Williams GR, Simon-Delso N. Long-term field-realistic exposure to a next-generation pesticide, flupyradifurone, impairs honey bee behaviour and survival. Commun Biol 2021; 4:805. [PMID: 34183763 PMCID: PMC8238954 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of pesticide risks to insect pollinators have typically focused on short-term, lethal impacts. The environmental ramifications of many of the world's most commonly employed pesticides, such as those exhibiting systemic properties that can result in long-lasting exposure to insects, may thus be severely underestimated. Here, seven laboratories from Europe and North America performed a standardised experiment (a ring-test) to study the long-term lethal and sublethal impacts of the relatively recently approved 'bee safe' butenolide pesticide flupyradifurone (FPF, active ingredient in Sivanto®) on honey bees. The emerging contaminant, FPF, impaired bee survival and behaviour at field-realistic doses (down to 11 ng/bee/day, corresponding to 400 µg/kg) that were up to 101-fold lower than those reported by risk assessments (1110 ng/bee/day), despite an absence of time-reinforced toxicity. Our findings raise concerns about the chronic impact of pesticides on pollinators at a global scale and support a novel methodology for a refined risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Tosi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - James C Nieh
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Monica Colli
- Ecotoxicological Unit, Biotecnologie BT S.r.l., Todi, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Valeria Malagnini
- Center for Technology Transfer, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Geoffrey R Williams
- Institute of Bee Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Noa Simon-Delso
- BeeLife European Beekeeping Coordination, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
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27
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Bommuraj V, Chen Y, Birenboim M, Barel S, Shimshoni JA. Concentration- and time-dependent toxicity of commonly encountered pesticides and pesticide mixtures to honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128974. [PMID: 33228988 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees are exposed to a wide range of pesticides for long periods via contaminated water, pollen and nectar. Some of those pesticides might constitute health hazards in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Time-dependent toxicity profiles for many applied pesticides are lacking, despite the fact that such profiles are crucial for toxicological evaluations. Therefore, we sought to determine the time-dependent toxicities of pesticides/pesticide metabolites frequently found in Israeli beehives, namely, amitraz metabolites, N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-methylformamidine (DMPF) and N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-formamide (DMF), coumaphos, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, acetamiprid and dimethoate (toxic reference). By applying accepted methodological approaches such as the modified Haber's rule (product of concentration and exposure duration leads to a constant effect) and comparisons between cumulative doses at different time points, we determined the time-dependent toxicities of these pesticides. We also studied the mixture toxicities of frequently occurring pesticide combinations and estimated their potential contributions to the overall toxicities of neonicotinoids. Thiacloprid was the only pesticide that complied with Haber's rule. DMPF, dimethoate and imidacloprid exhibited time-diminished -toxicities. In contrast, DMF and acetamiprid exhibited time-reinforced toxicities. Neither the binary mixtures nor the tertiary mixtures of DMF, DMPF and coumaphos at 10 times their environmentally relevant concentrations potentiated the neonicotinoids' toxicities. DMPF and imidacloprid were found to present the greatest hazard to honeybees, based on their 50% lethal cumulative dose and 50% lethal time. Amitraz's instability, its low detection frequency and high toxicity profile of its metabolite, DMPF, lead us to the conclusion that DMPF constitutes the actual toxic entity responsible for amitraz's toxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Bommuraj
- Department of Food Quality & Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Yaira Chen
- Department of Food Quality & Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Matan Birenboim
- Department of Food Quality & Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Shimon Barel
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Department of Toxicology, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Jakob A Shimshoni
- Department of Food Quality & Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
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28
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Bownik A, Szabelak A. Short-term effects of pesticide fipronil on behavioral and physiological endpoints of Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13091-6. [PMID: 33638071 PMCID: PMC8241664 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil (FIP) is an organic pesticide with many practical uses. Although some results indicated toxic effects in some terrestrial and aquatic animal species, little is known on its influence on behavioral and physiological endpoints of cladocerans. The aim of our study was to determine the short-term effects of FIP at concentrations of 0.1 μg/L, 1 μg/L, 10 μg/L, and 100 μg/L on Daphnia magna sublethal indices: behavioral (swimming speed, distance traveled) and physiological endpoints (heart rate, post-abdominal claw activity and thoracic limb movements). The results showed that FIP induced reduction of swimming speed and distance traveled in a concentration- and time-dependent manner at all the concentrations used. The lowest concentration of the insecticide temporarily stimulated post-abdominal claw activity after 24 h and thoracic limb activity after 48 h; however, the highest concentrations reduced all the studied physiological endpoints. IC50 values showed that thoracic limb activity, swimming speed, and distance traveled were most sensitive to FIP after 24-h exposure. The most sensitive parameter after 48 h and 72 h was swimming speed and post-abdominal claw activity, respectively. The study indicated that (i) behavioral and physiological endpoints of Daphnia magna are reliable and valuable sublethal indicators of toxic alterations induced by FIP; however, they respond with different sensitivity at various times of exposure, (ii) FIP may alter cladoceran behavior and physiological processes at concentrations detected in the aquatic environment; therefore, it should be considered as an ecotoxicological hazard to freshwater cladocerans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bownik
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szabelak
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland
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Triques MC, Oliveira D, Goulart BV, Montagner CC, Espíndola ELG, de Menezes-Oliveira VB. Assessing single effects of sugarcane pesticides fipronil and 2,4-D on plants and soil organisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111622. [PMID: 33396142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The continuous growth in global population since the beginning of the 20th century result in the necessity of food and energy provision favoring the intensive use of agricultural products such as pesticides. Although pesticides are important to prevent losses in the conventional chemically based agriculture, they frequently present side effects, which goes against agricultural production. The use of pesticides cause direct and indirect effects to soil organisms unbalancing essential soil processes (e.g. primary production, organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling). Under tropical conditions, very little is known regarding the effects of pesticides to terrestrial organisms. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess the ecotoxicological effects of the herbicide DMA® 806 BR (active ingredient: 2,4-D) and the insecticide Regent® 800 WG (active ingredient: fipronil), on terrestrial plant species (the dicot Raphanus sativus var. acanthioformis and the monocot Allium cepa), and soil invertebrates (the collembolan Folsomia candida and the enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus), using natural (NS) and artificial soils (TAS). For both pesticides, negative effects on non-target species were observed at concentrations lower than the doses recommended to prevent pests in sugarcane fields. For both soils, the dicot species was the most affected by the herbicide (R. sativus > A. cepa > F. candida > E. crypticus) and the collembolan species was the most affected by the insecticide (F. candida > E. crypticus = R. sativus = A. cepa). Although the order of the organisms' sensitivity for both pesticides was the same in both soils, results showed that the extent of the effects was soil dependent. Considering the ecologically relevant concentrations tested, and their severe effects to non-target organisms, it may be concluded that the use of fipronil and 2,4-D under recommended conditions may pose a risk to the terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Triques
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dayane Oliveira
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bezerra de Menezes-Oliveira
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring Post-Graduate Program, CCTS, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Coordination of Environmental Engineering, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil.
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Chiaia-Hernández AC, Zander PD, Schneider T, Szidat S, Lloren R, Grosjean M. High-Resolution Historical Record of Plant Protection Product Deposition Documented by Target and Nontarget Trend Analysis in a Swiss Lake under Anthropogenic Pressure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13090-13100. [PMID: 32940459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A multiproxy workflow was used to assess >60 plant protection products (PPPs) in sediment samples from a Swiss lake under heavy agricultural pressure. The results show the appearance of PPPs for the first time in the early 1960s with an overall detection of 34 PPPs and with herbicides and fungicides found in equal proportions. Paleolimnological data [e.g., chronology, hyperspectral imaging of sedimentary green pigments, and semiquantitative elemental composition (μXRF scans)] suggest that PPP concentrations and fluxes to the sediment over time are not related to land surface processes such as soil erosion or lake biogeochemistry but are attributed mainly to PPP application (inferred from sales) or regulatory measures (bans). Additional compounds with similar sources of contamination as the target PPPs captured by nontarget trend analysis (≥2000 unknown profiles) reveal significant inputs of contaminants to the lake starting in the 1970s, followed by a decrease of contamination at the beginning of the 1990s and a constant increase by ∼28% of the unknown compounds since the year 2000. An ecological risk assessment conducted on detected PPPs indicates that since the 1980s, the sediment quality is insufficient with risk quotient values displaying maximum levels in the most recent sediments (∼2010) despite bans of specific PPPs and environmental regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurea C Chiaia-Hernández
- Institute of Geography and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Paul D Zander
- Institute of Geography and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Climate System Research Center, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, United States
| | - Sönke Szidat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Ronald Lloren
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Grosjean
- Institute of Geography and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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Gao J, Wang F, Jiang W, Miao J, Wang P, Zhou Z, Liu D. A full evaluation of chiral phenylpyrazole pesticide flufiprole and the metabolites to non-target organism in paddy field. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114808. [PMID: 32434115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides applied to paddy fields may pose considerable danger to non-target aquatic organisms and further threaten human health. Flufiprole is a pesticide used in rice fields; considering the widespread existence of rice-fish-farming ecosystems, the acute toxicities of flufiprole enantiomers and its six metabolites (fipronil, flufiprole sulfide, flufiprole sulfone, detrifluoromethylsulfinyl flufiprole, desulfinyl flufiprole, and flufiprole amide) to four common aquatic organisms in rice fields including Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (pond loach), Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp), Pelophylax nigromaculatus (black-spotted frog), and Daphnia magna (water flea) were investigated. Genotoxicity, pathological changes and the effects on the antioxidant system of M. anguillicaudatus were also evaluated after exposure. The LC50 (EC50) values showed that fipronil and desulfinyl flufiprole were the most toxic compounds and were approximately about six times as toxic as flufiprole. No enantioselective toxicity was observed between the two enantiomers. The activity of antioxidant defense enzymes and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and gills of M. anguillicaudatus were significantly increased by the chemicals in most cases. In addition, fipronil and desulfinyl flufiprole were found to induce an increase in the micronucleus rate in M. anguillicaudatus. Histopathological analysis showed that the liver of M. anguillicaudatus was not significantly affected by flufiprole. Our study demonstrated a potential negative effect on flufiprole-treated aquatic organisms. As an alternative to fipronil, the environmental risk of flufiprole and its metabolites to non-target organisms in rice fields cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jingwen Miao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Mulvey J, Cresswell JE. Time-dependent effects on bumble bees of dietary exposures to farmland insecticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and fipronil). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2846-2853. [PMID: 32237102 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farmland bees encounter insecticides in their diet when visiting the flowers of pesticide-treated crops with residues in nectar and pollen. A sustained exposure to even trace residues could be severely harmful if the ingested substance has a long biological half-life and its toxicity therefore intensifies over time, which is termed time-reinforced toxicity (TRT). Bumble bees are important farmland pollinators, but their susceptibility to TRT from insecticides has not been established previously. This study therefore investigated the potential for three farmland insecticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and fipronil) to generate TRT in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris L.) by dietary exposure in the laboratory using lethality as an endpoint under both fixed-dose and pulsed-dose regimes. RESULTS The insecticides varied in toxic effect. Fipronil exposures produced a dose-dependent reduction in longevity (days of exposure survived) and strong TRT with no evidence of clearance-based recovery. Thiamethoxam exposures also produced a dose-dependent reduction in longevity, but with moderate TRT and evidence of some clearance-based recovery. Imidacloprid exposures produced a hormesis with reduced longevity only at the highest doses and an absence of TRT. CONCLUSION Our study further confirms the potential for certain dietary insecticides at trace levels to harm farmland bees during sustained exposures because of their capacity to cause time-reinforced toxicity. Our findings suggest that regulatory oversight of pesticides will better safeguard bee health by testing the active ingredients of farmland agrochemicals for their capacity to produce TRT in these ecologically important nontarget organisms. Our study demonstrates the potential for certain dietary insecticides at trace levels to harm farmland bumble bees during sustained exposures because of their capacity to cause time-reinforced toxicity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mulvey
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter, UK
| | - James E Cresswell
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter, UK
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Henry C, Cens T, Charnet P, Cohen-Solal C, Collet C, van-Dijk J, Guiramand J, de Jésus-Ferreira MC, Menard C, Mokrane N, Roussel J, Thibault JB, Vignes M, Rousset M. Heterogeneous expression of GABA receptor-like subunits LCCH3 and GRD reveals functional diversity of GABA receptors in the honeybee Apis mellifera. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3924-3940. [PMID: 32436264 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite a growing awareness, annual losses of honeybee colonies worldwide continue to reach threatening levels for food safety and global biodiversity. Among the biotic and abiotic stresses probably responsible for these losses, pesticides, including those targeting ionotropic GABA receptors, are one of the major drivers. Most insect genomes include the ionotropic GABA receptor subunit gene, Rdl, and two GABA-like receptor subunit genes, Lcch3 and Grd. Most studies have focused on Rdl which forms homomeric GABA-gated chloride channels, and a complete analysis of all possible molecular combinations of GABA receptors is still lacking. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We cloned the Rdl, Grd, and Lcch3 genes of Apis mellifera and systematically characterized the resulting GABA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes, using electrophysiological assays, fluorescence microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation techniques. KEY RESULTS The cloned subunits interacted with each other, forming GABA-gated heteromeric channels with particular properties. Strikingly, these heteromers were always more sensitive than AmRDL homomer to all the pharmacological agents tested. In particular, when expressed together, Grd and Lcch3 form a non-selective cationic channel that opens at low concentrations of GABA and with sensitivity to insecticides similar to that of homomeric Rdl channels. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS For off-target species like the honeybee, chronic sublethal exposure to insecticides constitutes a major threat. At these concentration ranges, homomeric RDL receptors may not be the most pertinent target to study and other ionotropic GABA receptor subtypes should be considered in order to understand more fully the molecular mechanisms of sublethal toxicity to insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Cens
- IBMM UMR5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Charnet
- IBMM UMR5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Claude Collet
- UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, INRAE, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | | | | | | | - Claudine Menard
- IBMM UMR5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nawfel Mokrane
- IBMM UMR5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Roussel
- IBMM UMR5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Michel Vignes
- IBMM UMR5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Rousset
- IBMM UMR5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Zhang Z, Zhou L, Gao Y, Zhang J, Gao B, Shi H, Wang M. Enantioselective Detection, Bioactivity, and Metabolism of the Novel Chiral Insecticide Fluralaner. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6802-6810. [PMID: 32323985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluralaner, a veterinary drug, is a potential chiral isoxazoline insecticide possessing high insecticidal and acaricidal activity. However, there is little information regarding the enantioselective effect of fluralaner. In this work, a promising chiral detection method was established with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in agricultural products and animal organs to investigate enantioselective metabolism and bioactivity. The optical rotation and absolute configuration of fluralaner enantiomers were confirmed with S-(+)-fluralaner and R-(-)-fluralaner. The bioactivity assay indicated that S-fluralaner was 33-39 times more active than the R-enantiomer against Chilo suppressalis and Laodelphax striatellus. This finding suggests that the application of pure S-fluralaner instead of racemate in agricultural management could reduce risk. Homology modeling and molecular docking showed that S-fluralaner, with a lower energy of -6.90 kcal/mol, possessed better binding affinity to the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor. The stereoselective metabolism in rat liver microsomes was explored, and slight enantioselectivity was observed with R-fluralaner that was preferentially metabolized. The enantiomer fraction values ranged from 0.43 to 0.49. The results provide reference for residue detection, risk assessment, and the scientific use of fluralaner in agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhou
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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Gols R, WallisDeVries MF, van Loon JJA. Reprotoxic effects of the systemic insecticide fipronil on the butterfly Pieris brassicae. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192665. [PMID: 32156210 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to controlling pest organisms, the systemic neurotoxic pesticide fipronil can also have adverse effects on beneficial insects and other non-target organisms. Here, we report on the sublethal effects of fipronil on the farmland butterfly Pieris brassicae. Caterpillars were reared on plants that had been grown from seeds coated with fipronil or on leaf discs topically treated with a range of fipronil dosages (1-32 µg kg-1 on dry mass basis). Females that had developed on fipronil plants laid ca half the number of eggs than females that had developed on control plants. In the bioassay with leaf discs, longevity and lifetime egg production declined with increasing fipronil dosage. Remarkably, exposure to fipronil during larval development primarily affected the adult stage. Chemical analyses of leaf tissues collected from seed-treated plants revealed concentrations of fipronil and its degradation products close to the analytical limit of detection (less than or equal to 1 µg kg-1). The effective dosage was fivefold higher in the leaf-disc than in the whole-plant experiment. In the whole plant, degradation of fipronil to products that are more toxic than fipronil may explain this discrepancy. Neurotoxicity of insecticides at the level of detection decreases the probability of pinpointing insecticides as the causal agent of harmful effects on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F WallisDeVries
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,De Vlinderstichting/Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop J A van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Leemans M, Couderq S, Demeneix B, Fini JB. Pesticides With Potential Thyroid Hormone-Disrupting Effects: A Review of Recent Data. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:743. [PMID: 31920955 PMCID: PMC6915086 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant Protection Products, more commonly referred to as pesticides and biocides, are used to control a wide range of yield-reducing pests including insects, fungi, nematodes, and weeds. Concern has been raised that some pesticides may act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with the potential to interfere with the hormone systems of non-target invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. EDCs act at low doses and particularly vulnerable periods of exposure include pre- and perinatal development. Of critical concern is the number of pesticides with the potential to interfere with the developing nervous system and brain, notably with thyroid hormone signaling. Across vertebrates, thyroid hormone orchestrates metamorphosis, brain development, and metabolism. Pesticide action on thyroid homeostasis can involve interference with TH production and its control, displacement from distributor proteins and liver metabolism. Here we focused on thyroid endpoints for each of the different classes of pesticides reviewing epidemiological and experimental studies carried out both in in vivo and in vitro. We conclude first, that many pesticides were placed on the market with insufficient testing, other than acute or chronic toxicity, and second, that thyroid-specific endpoints for neurodevelopmental effects and mixture assessment are largely absent from regulatory directives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Leemans
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, Paris, France
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Erban T, Vaclavikova M, Tomesova D, Halesova T, Hubert J. tau-Fluvalinate and other pesticide residues in honey bees before overwintering. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:3245-3251. [PMID: 30983110 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides have often been linked to honey bee colony losses, which occur mainly over winter. In this study, we investigated residues in nine colonies at a model agricultural research site during the period before wintering. Moreover, we applied the acaricide tau-fluvalinate to the colonies via a strip formulation. The pesticide content was determined by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS in bees from brood comb initially collected in mid-September immediately prior to the start of tau-fluvalinate treatment and 30 later at the time of tau-fluvalinate strip removal. RESULTS In addition to commonly analyzed pesticides, we detected two plant growth regulators, chlormequat and metazachlor, in the bee colonies. Whereas thiacloprid, chlormequat and acetamiprid decreased after 30 days and contributed considerably to differences between sample time points, other pesticides appeared to be rather stable. Interestingly, we identified diazinon, which has been banned in the European Union since 2007. The residues of methiocarb sulfoxide and imidacloprid-urea in the absence of their parent compounds indicate historical environmental contamination that can be identified by the detection of residues in a bee colony. tau-Fluvalinate was detected only after the 30-day treatment at an average (± SD) concentration of 1.29 ± 1.93 ng/bee, ranging from 0.06 to 7.13 ng/bee. CONCLUSION The multidimensional behavior of pesticides in a bee colony was indicated. Although the research area is used for agriculture, the measured pesticide level was relatively low. The recorded concentrations of tau-fluvalinate should not be dangerous to bees, as the values were ∼ 200-5000-fold lower than the reported median lethal dose (LD50 ) values. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan Hubert
- Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czechia
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38
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Breeze TD, Boreux V, Cole L, Dicks L, Klein A, Pufal G, Balzan MV, Bevk D, Bortolotti L, Petanidou T, Mand M, Pinto MA, Scheper J, Stanisavljević L, Stavrinides MC, Tscheulin T, Varnava A, Kleijn D. Linking farmer and beekeeper preferences with ecological knowledge to improve crop pollination. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom D. Breeze
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Virginie Boreux
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Lorna Cole
- Integrated Land Management Scotland’s Rural College Ayr UK
| | - Lynn Dicks
- Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - Alexandra‐Maria Klein
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Gesine Pufal
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Mario V. Balzan
- Institute of Applied Sciences Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology Paola Malta
| | - Danilo Bevk
- National Institute of Biology Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Laura Bortolotti
- CREA‐AACouncil for Agricultural research and EconomicsResearch Centre for Agriculture and Environment Bologna Italy
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Biogeography & Ecology Lab Department of Geography University of the Aegean Mytilene Greece
| | - Marika Mand
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia
| | - M. Alice Pinto
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO) Instituto Politécnico de Bragança Braganca Portugal
| | - Jeroen Scheper
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
- Animal Ecology Team Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Menelaos C. Stavrinides
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus
| | - Thomas Tscheulin
- Biogeography & Ecology Lab Department of Geography University of the Aegean Mytilene Greece
| | - Androulla Varnava
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus
| | - David Kleijn
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
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39
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Thompson HM, Pamminger T. Are honeybees suitable surrogates for use in pesticide risk assessment for non-Apis bees? PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2549-2557. [PMID: 31124265 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Historically, bee regulatory risk assessment for pesticides has centred on the European honeybee (Apis mellifera), primarily due to its availability and adaptability to laboratory conditions. Recently, there have been efforts to develop a battery of laboratory toxicity tests for a range of non-Apis bee species to directly assess the risk to them. However, it is not clear whether the substantial investment associated with the development and implementation of such routine screening will actually improve the level of protection of non-Apis bees. We argue, using published acute toxicity data from a range of bee species and standard regulatory exposure scenarios, that current first-tier honeybee acute risk assessment schemes utilised by regulatory authorities are protective of other bee species and further tests should be conducted only in cases of concern. We propose similar analysis of alternative exposure scenarios (chronic and developmental) once reliable data for non-Apis bees are available to expand our approach to these scenarios. In addition, we propose that in silico (simulation) approaches can then be used to address population-level effects in more field-realistic scenarios. Such an approach could lead to a protective, but also workable, risk assessment for non-Apis species while contributing to pollination security in agricultural landscapes around the globe. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Thompson
- Syngenta. Jealott's Hill International Research Station, Bracknell, UK
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40
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Zhang Q, Zhang L, Li Z, Zhang L, Li D. Enhancement of fipronil degradation with eliminating its toxicity in a microbial fuel cell and the catabolic versatility of anodic biofilm. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 290:121723. [PMID: 31302463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of fipronil was investigated in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Almost 79% of 30 mg/L fipronil was rapidly degraded within 12 h by MFC biofilm. Based on the constructed quadratic polynomial model, a maximum fipronil degradation rate of 94.22% could be theoretically achieved at pH of 7.01, 33.39 °C, and the initial fipronil concentration 74 mg/L after incubation for 72 h. The high acute toxicity of fipronil toward zebrafish was largely eliminated after degradation by the MFC. In addition, the MFC biofilm showed catabolic versatility to 4-chloronitrobenzene, sulfanilamide, fluoroglycofen, and azoxystrobin. The microbial community analysis revealed that the functional bacteria Sphaerochaeta, Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Azoarcus, and Chryseobacterium were major predominant bacteria in the anodic biofilm. Therefore, the MFC offers a promising approach in treating the environmental contaminants due to its abilities of energy capture from waste substances and catabolic versatility to different organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Shenyang Academy of Environmental Science, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Zehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Daping Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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41
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A speculative claim of mass mortalities of honeybee colonies caused by fipronil in France is not supported by published field data. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15339-15340. [PMID: 31249144 PMCID: PMC6681719 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902789116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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42
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Wood TJ, Kaplan I, Zhang Y, Szendrei Z. Honeybee dietary neonicotinoid exposure is associated with pollen collection from agricultural weeds. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190989. [PMID: 31213190 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides have been linked to bee declines. However, tracking the primary exposure route for bees in the field has proven to be a major logistical challenge, impeding efforts to restore pollinator health in agricultural landscapes. We quantified neonicotinoid concentrations and botanical species composition in 357 pollen samples collected from 114 commercial honeybee colonies placed along a gradient of agricultural intensity between June and September. Neonicotinoid concentrations increased through the season, peaking at the end of August. As a result, concentrations in pollen were negatively associated with collection from woody and crop plants that flower early-mid season, and positively associated with collection from herbaceous plants that flower mid-late season. Higher clothianidin and thiamethoxam residues were correlated with samples containing a greater proportion of pollen collected from agricultural weeds. The percentage of agricultural land within 1500 m was positively correlated with thiamethoxam concentration; however, this spatial relationship was far weaker than the relationship with the proportion of pollen collected from herbaceous plants. These results indicate that both plant species identity and agricultural dominance are important in determining honeybee neonicotinoid exposure through the pollen diet, but that uncultivated plants associated with agriculture are the source of the greatest acute exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Wood
- 1 Department of Entomology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI , USA
| | - I Kaplan
- 2 Department of Entomology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN , USA
| | - Y Zhang
- 1 Department of Entomology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI , USA
| | - Z Szendrei
- 1 Department of Entomology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI , USA
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43
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Stoner KA, Cowles RS, Nurse A, Eitzer BD. Tracking Pesticide Residues to a Plant Genus Using Palynology in Pollen Trapped from Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) at Ornamental Plant Nurseries. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:351-362. [PMID: 30753426 PMCID: PMC6446217 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide studies have used the technique of pollen trapping, collecting pollen loads from returning honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) foragers, to evaluate the exposure of honey bees to pesticides through pollen and as a biomonitoring tool. Typically, these surveys have found frequent contamination of pollen with multiple pesticides, with most of the estimated risk of acute oral toxicity to honey bees coming from insecticides. In our survey of pesticides in trapped pollen from three commercial ornamental plant nurseries in Connecticut, we found most samples within the range of acute toxicity in a previous state pollen survey, but a few samples at one nursery with unusually high acute oral toxicity. Using visual sorting by color of the pollen pellets collected in two samples from this nursery, followed by pesticide analysis of the sorted pollen and palynology to identify the plant sources of the pollen with the greatest acute toxicity of pesticide residues, we were able to associate pollen from the plant genus Spiraea L. (Rosales: Rosaceae) with extraordinarily high concentrations of thiamethoxam and clothianidin, and also with high concentrations of acephate and its metabolite methamidophos. This study is the first to trace highly toxic pollen collected by honey bees to a single plant genus. This method of tracking high toxicity pollen samples back to potential source plants could identify additional high-risk combinations of pesticide application methods and timing, movement into pollen, and attractiveness to bees that would be difficult to identify through modeling each of the contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard S Cowles
- Valley Laboratory, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Windsor, CT
| | - Andrea Nurse
- Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Brian D Eitzer
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT
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44
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Bean TG, Gross MS, Karouna-Renier NK, Henry PFP, Schultz SL, Hladik ML, Kuivila KM, Rattner BA. Toxicokinetics of Imidacloprid-Coated Wheat Seeds in Japanese Quail ( Coturnix japonica) and an Evaluation of Hazard. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3888-3897. [PMID: 30802040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Birds are potentially exposed to neonicotinoid insecticides by ingestion of coated seeds during crop planting. Adult male Japanese quail were orally dosed with wheat seeds coated with an imidacloprid (IMI) formulation at either 0.9 or 2.7 mg/kg body weight (BW) (∼3 and 9% of IMI LD50 for Japanese quail, respectively) for 1 or 10 days. Quail were euthanized between 1 and 24 h postexposure to assess toxicokinetics. Analysis revealed rapid absorption (1 h) into blood and distribution to the brain, muscle, kidney, and liver. Clearance to below detection limits occurred at both dose levels and exposure durations in all tissues within 24 h. Metabolism was extensive, with 5-OH-IMI and IMI-olefin detected at greater concentrations than IMI in tissues and fecal samples. There was no lethality or overt signs of toxicity at either dose level. Furthermore, no evidence of enhanced expression of mRNA genes associated with hepatic xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative DNA damage, or alterations in concentrations of corticosterone and thyroid hormones was observed. Application of the toxicokinetic data was used to predict IMI residue levels in the liver with reasonable results for some field exposure and avian mortality events. It would appear that some affected species of birds are either consuming larger quantities of seeds or exhibit differences in ADME or sensitivity than predicted by read-across from these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Bean
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Michael S Gross
- U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center , Sacramento , California 95819 , United States
| | - Natalie K Karouna-Renier
- U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent, Wildlife Research Center , Beltsville , Maryland 20705 , United States
| | - Paula F P Henry
- U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent, Wildlife Research Center , Beltsville , Maryland 20705 , United States
| | - Sandra L Schultz
- U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent, Wildlife Research Center , Beltsville , Maryland 20705 , United States
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center , Sacramento , California 95819 , United States
| | - Kathryn M Kuivila
- U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Water Science Center , Portland , Oregon 97201 , United States
| | - Barnett A Rattner
- U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent, Wildlife Research Center , Beltsville , Maryland 20705 , United States
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45
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Colgan TJ, Fletcher IK, Arce AN, Gill RJ, Ramos Rodrigues A, Stolle E, Chittka L, Wurm Y. Caste- and pesticide-specific effects of neonicotinoid pesticide exposure on gene expression in bumblebees. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:1964-1974. [PMID: 30843300 PMCID: PMC6563198 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Social bees are important insect pollinators of wildflowers and agricultural crops, making their reported declines a global concern. A major factor implicated in these declines is the widespread use of neonicotinoid pesticides. Indeed, recent research has demonstrated that exposure to low doses of these neurotoxic pesticides impairs bee behaviours important for colony function and survival. However, our understanding of the molecular-genetic pathways that lead to such effects is limited, as is our knowledge of how effects may differ between colony members. To understand what genes and pathways are affected by exposure of bumblebee workers and queens to neonicotinoid pesticides, we implemented a transcriptome-wide gene expression study. We chronically exposed Bombus terrestriscolonies to either clothianidin or imidacloprid at field-realistic concentrations while controlling for factors including colony social environment and worker age. We reveal that genes involved in important biological processes including mitochondrial function are differentially expressed in response to neonicotinoid exposure. Additionally, clothianidin exposure had stronger effects on gene expression amplitude and alternative splicing than imidacloprid. Finally, exposure affected workers more strongly than queens. Our work demonstrates how RNA-Seq transcriptome profiling can provide detailed novel insight on the mechanisms mediating pesticide toxicity to a key insect pollinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Colgan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Isabel K Fletcher
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andres N Arce
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Richard J Gill
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | | | - Eckart Stolle
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lars Chittka
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yannick Wurm
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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