1
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Skládal P, Farka Z. Luminescent photon-upconversion nanoparticles with advanced functionalization for smart sensing and imaging. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:551. [PMID: 39167235 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) have already been established as labels for affinity assays in analog and digital formats. Here, advanced, or smart, systems based on UCNPs coated with active shells, fluorescent dyes, and metal and semiconductor nanoparticles participating in energy transfer reactions are reviewed. In addition, switching elements can be embedded in such assemblies and provide temporal and spatial control of action, which is important for intracellular imaging and monitoring activities. Demonstration and critical comments on representative approaches demonstrating the progress in the use of such UCNPs in bioanalytical assays, imaging, and monitoring of target molecules in cells are reported, including particular examples in the field of cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice, 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice, 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Yadav K, Gnanakani SPE, Sahu KK, Veni Chikkula CK, Vaddi PS, Srilakshmi S, Yadav R, Sucheta, Dubey A, Minz S, Pradhan M. Nano revolution of DNA nanostructures redefining cancer therapeutics-A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133244. [PMID: 38901506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures are a promising tool in cancer treatment, offering an innovative way to improve the effectiveness of therapies. These nanostructures can be made solely from DNA or combined with other materials to overcome the limitations of traditional single-drug treatments. There is growing interest in developing nanosystems capable of delivering multiple drugs simultaneously, addressing challenges such as drug resistance. Engineered DNA nanostructures are designed to precisely deliver different drugs to specific locations, enhancing therapeutic effects. By attaching targeting molecules, these nanostructures can recognize and bind to cancer cells, increasing treatment precision. This approach offers tailored solutions for targeted drug delivery, enabling the delivery of multiple drugs in a coordinated manner. This review explores the advancements and applications of DNA nanostructures in cancer treatment, with a focus on targeted drug delivery and multi-drug therapy. It discusses the benefits and current limitations of nanoscale formulations in cancer therapy, categorizing DNA nanostructures into pure forms and hybrid versions optimized for drug delivery. Furthermore, the review examines ongoing research efforts and translational possibilities, along with challenges in clinical integration. By highlighting the advancements in DNA nanostructures, this review aims to underscore their potential in improving cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Yadav
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Bhilai 490024, India
| | - S Princely E Gnanakani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Post Limda, Ta.Waghodia - 391760, Dist. Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Kantrol Kumar Sahu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - C Krishna Veni Chikkula
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Poorna Sai Vaddi
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - S Srilakshmi
- Gitam School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gitams University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Renu Yadav
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana 122103, India
| | - Sucheta
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana 122103, India
| | - Akhilesh Dubey
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunita Minz
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak (M.P.), India
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3
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Zhang H, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Si H, Li L, Tang B. DNAzyme-RCA-based colorimetric and lateral flow dipstick assays for the point-of-care testing of exosomal m5C-miRNA-21. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9345-9352. [PMID: 38903234 PMCID: PMC11186332 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02648a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Methylation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is a post-transcriptional modification that affects miRNA activity by altering the specificity of miRNAs to target mRNAs. Abnormal methylation of miRNAs in cancer suggests their potential as a tumor marker. However, the traditional methylated miRNA detection mainly includes mass spectrometry, sequencing and others; complex procedures and reliance on large instruments greatly limit their application in point-of-care testing (POCT). Based on this, we developed DNAzyme-RCA-based gold nanoparticle (AuNP) colorimetric and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assays to achieve convenient detection of exosomal 5-methylcytosine miRNA-21 (m5C-miRNA-21) for the first time. The two assays achieved specific recognition and linear amplification of m5C-miRNA-21 through the DNAzyme triggered RCA reaction and color output with low background interference through AuNP aggregation induced by base complementary pairing. The lowest concentration of m5C-miRNA-21 visible to the naked eye of the two assays can reach 1 pM and 0.1 pM, respectively. Detection of exosomal m5C-miRNA-21 in clinical blood samples showed that the expression level of m5C-miRNA-21 in colorectal cancer patients was significantly higher than that in healthy individuals. This approach not only demonstrates a new strategy for the detection of colorectal cancer but also provides a reference for the development of novel diagnostic tools for other miRNA methylation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- Department College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Yiguo Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Haibin Si
- Department College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Department College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
- Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
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4
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Zhang F, Yang N, Zhou F, Qiao R, Wan Y, Liu R, Yang S, Gu M, Xu H, Dong X, Wang G. Orthogonally Sequential Activation of Self-Powered DNAzymes Cascade for Reliable Monitoring of mRNA in Living Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303074. [PMID: 38197479 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Ratiometric imaging of tumor-related mRNA is significant, yet spatiotemporally resolved regulation on the ratiometric signals to avoid non-specific activation in the living cells remains challenging. Herein, orthogonally sequential activation of concatenated DNAzyme circuits is, first, developed for Spatio Temporally regulated Amplified and Ratiometric (STAR) imaging of TK1 mRNA inside living cells with enhanced reliability and accuracy. By virtue of the synthesized CuO/MnO2 nanosheets, orthogonally regulated self-powered DNAzyme circuits are operated precisely in living cells, sequentially activating two-layered DNAzyme cleavage reactions to achieve the two ratiometric signal readouts successively for reliable monitoring of low-abundance mRNA in living cells. It is found that the ratiometric signals can only be derived from mRNA over-expressed tumor cells, also irrespective of probes' delivery concentration. The presented approach could provide new insight into orthogonally regulated ratiometric systems for reliable imaging of specific biomarkers in living cells, benefiting disease precision diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Fu Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Ruonan Qiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Yifei Wan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Suwan Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Mingzheng Gu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Huae Xu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Guangfeng Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
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5
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Zhong Y, Li Z, Li Z, Li B, Xin H, Wang C. Remotely Activated DNA Probe System for the Detection and Imaging of Dual miRNAs. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:462-471. [PMID: 38151236 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancers remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. It is crucial to detect cancer at an early stage for improving survival rates. Biomarkers have precise implications for cancer progression. Here, we built a straightforward DNA probe system that could be activated by near-infrared light to detect dual miRNAs with a high specificity. This probe is built on the basis of upconversion nanoparticles, which could emit ultraviolet light and activate DNA probes adsorbed on the outer layer. The DNA probe system is remotely controlled through manipulation of the near-infrared (NIR) light, enabling simultaneous detection of dual miRNAs. The DNA nanosystem could be effectively endocytosed by cancer cells and reflect expression levels of dual miRNAs. Overall, this study demonstrates a promising remote-controlled DNA nanoplatform for the simultaneous detection of dual miRNAs, which has tremendous potential for precise cancer diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Hui Xin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
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6
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Wang C, Li L, Li J, Zhang J, Qu ZB. Biomimetic Surface Engineering to Modulate the Coffee-Ring Effect for Amyloid-β Detection in Rat Brains. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:581. [PMID: 38132520 PMCID: PMC10742163 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface engineering of nanoparticles has been widely used in biosensing and assays, where sensitivity was mainly limited by plasmonic colour change or electrochemical responses. Here, we report a novel biomimetic sensing strategy involving protein-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), where the modulation strategy was inspired by gastropods in inhibition of coffee-ring effects in their trail-followings. The so-called coffee-ring effect presents the molecular behaviour of AuNPs to a macroscopic ring through aggregation, and thus greatly improves sensitivity. The assay relies upon the different assembly patterns of AuNPs against analytes, resulting in the formation or suppression of coffee-ring effects by the different surface engineering of AuNPs by proteins and peptides. The mechanism of the coffee-ring formation process is examined through experimental characterizations and computational simulations. A practical coffee-ring effect assay is developed for a proof-of-concept target, amyloid β (1-42), which is a typical biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. A novel quasi-titrimetric protocol is constructed for quantitative determination of the target molecule. The assay shows excellent selectivity and sensitivity for the amyloid β monomer, with a low detection limit of 20 pM. Combined with a fluorescent staining technique, the assay is designed as a smart sensor for amyloid β detection and fibrillation evaluation in rat cerebrospinal fluids, which is a potential point-of-care test for Alzheimer's disease. Connections between amyloid fibrillation and different courses of brain ischaemia are also studied, with improved sensitivity, lower sample volumes that are required, convenience for rapid detection, and point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhi-Bei Qu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (C.W.); (L.L.)
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7
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Zhou J, Liu F, Han Y, Li H, Wei S, Ouyang Y, Chai Y, Yuan R. Orderly Aggregated Catalytic Hairpin Assembly for Synchronous Ultrasensitive Detecting and High-Efficiency Co-Localization Imaging of Dual-miRNAs in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14558-14565. [PMID: 37734161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the orderly aggregated catalytic hairpin assembly (OA-CHA) was developed for synchronous ultrasensitive detection and high-efficiency colocalization imaging of dual-miRNAs by a carefully designed tetrahedral conjugated ladder DNA structure (TCLDS). Exactly, two diverse hairpin probes were fixed on tetrahedron conjugated DNA nanowires to form the TCLDS without fluorescence response, which triggered OA-CHA in the aid of output DNA 1 and output DNA 2 produced by targets miRNA-217 and miRNA-196a cycle to generate TCLDS with remarkable fluorescence response. Impressively, compared with the traditional CHA strategy, OA-CHA avoided the fluorescence group and quenching group from approaching again because of the spatial confinement effect to significantly enhance the fluorescence signal, resulting in the simultaneous ultrasensitive detection of dual-miRNAs with detection limits of 21 and 32 fM for miRNA-217 and miRNA-196a, respectively. Meanwhile, the TCLDS with lower diffusivity could achieve accurate localization imaging for reflecting the spatial distribution of dual-miRNAs in living cells. The strategy based on OA-CHA provided a flexible and programmable nucleic amplification method for the synchronous ultrasensitive detection and precise imaging of multiple biomarkers and had potential in disease diagnostics..
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yichen Han
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Hongling Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shaping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
- The Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yaqin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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8
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Long X, Luo T, Yuan P, Gan Y, Liu H, Deng Z, Ding J, Gong Z, Yang Y, Zhong S. Hairpin Switches-Based Isothermal Transcription Amplification for Simple, Sensitivity Detection of MicroRNA. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13872-13879. [PMID: 37682627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to simply, selectively, and sensitively detect low numbers of miRNAs in clinical samples is highly valuable but remains a challenge. In this work, we present a novel miRNA detection system by using the elaborately designed hairpin switch, where the T7 primer, template, target recognize sequence, and light-up RNA aptamer template are edited and embedded in one single-stranded DNA hairpin structure. In the beginning, the hairpin switch maintained the hairpin structure 1, in which the ds promoter of T7 polymerase was disrupted, thus the transcription reaction of T7 polymerase was inhibited. After binding to the target, the hairpin switch 1 was unfolded and turned to the hairpin structure 2. This switch initiates the in vitro T7 transcription reaction, producing plenty of RNA transcripts containing RNA aptamers. Consequently, transcribed tremendous RNA aptamers lighted up the fluorophore for quantitative analysis. Compared with the existing T7 polymerase-based amplification system, this strategy exhibits several advantages, including simplicity, convenience, and high selectivity and sensitivity. The experimental results demonstrated that we could achieve the quantification of miRNA in buffer and complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Long
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, 410017 P. R. China
| | - Tong Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, 410017 P. R. China
| | - Panpan Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, 410017 P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, 410017 P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, 410017 P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, 410017 P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, 410017 P. R. China
| | - Zan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, 410017 P. R. China
| | - Yanjing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, 410017 P. R. China
| | - Shian Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, 410017 P. R. China
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Feng X, Li L, Zhao Y, Li M. Enzyme and MicroRNA Dual-Regulated Photodynamic Molecular Beacons for Cell-Selective Amplification of Antitumor Efficacy. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7743-7749. [PMID: 37406355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic molecular beacons (PMBs) are highly appealing for activatable photodynamic therapy (PDT), but their applications are hindered by limited therapeutic efficacy. Here, by molecular engineering of enzyme-responsive units in the loop region of DNA-based PMBs, we present for the first time the modular design of an enzyme/microRNA dual-regulated PMB (D-PMB) to achieve cancer-cell-selective amplification of PDT efficacy. In the design, the "inert" photosensitizers in D-PMB could be repeatedly activated in the presence of both tumor-specific enzyme and miRNA, leading to amplified generation of cytotoxic singlet oxygen species and therefore enhanced PDT efficacy in vitro and in vivo. By contrast, low photodynamic activity could be observed in healthy cells, as D-PMB activation has been largely avoided by the dual-regulatable design. This work presents a cooperatively activated PDT strategy, which enables enhanced therapeutic efficacy with improved tumor-specificity and thus conceptualizes an approach to expand the repertoire of designing smart tumor treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Luo H, Wang Z, Mo Q, Yang J, Yang F, Tang Y, Liu J, Li X. Framework Nucleic Acid-Based Multifunctional Tumor Theranostic Nanosystem for miRNA Fluorescence Imaging and Chemo/Gene Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37421332 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent stimulus-responsive theranostic systems capable of specifically sensing low-abundance tumor-related biomarkers and efficiently killing tumors remain a pressing endeavor. Here, we report a multifunctional framework nucleic acid (FNA) nanosystem for simultaneous imaging of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and combined chemo/gene therapy. To achieve this, two FNA nanoarchitectures labeled with Cy5/BHQ2 signal tags were designed, each of which contained an AS1411 aptamer, two pairs of DNA/RNA hybrids, a pH-sensitive DNA catcher, and doxorubicin (DOX) intercalating between cytosine and guanine in the tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN). In the acidic tumor microenvironment, the DNA catchers spontaneously triggered to form an i-motif and create an FNA dimer (dFNA) while releasing DOX molecules to exert a cytotoxic effect. In addition, the overexpressed miR-21 in tumor cells dismantled the DNA/RNA hybrids to produce vascular endothelial growth factor-associated siRNA via a toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction, thus enabling a potent RNA interfering. Also importantly, the liberated miR-21 could initiate cascade-reaction amplification to efficiently activate the Cy5 signal reporters, thereby realizing on-site fluorescence imaging of miR-21 in living cells. The exquisitely designed FNA-based nanosystem showed favorable biocompatibility and stability as well as acid-driven DOX release characteristics. Owing to the aptamer-guided targeting delivery, specific uptake of the FNA-based theranostic nanosystem by HepG2 cells was verified with confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry analyses, which therefore resulted in apoptosis of HepG2 cells while doing minimal damage to normal H9c2 and HL-7702 cells. Strikingly, both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the achievements of the FNA-enabled miR-21 imaging and synergistically enhanced chemo/gene therapy. This work thus represents a noteworthy advance on the FNA-based theranostic strategy that can effectively avoid the undesirable premature leakage of anticarcinogen and off-target of siRNA, and achieve on-demand reagents release for tumor diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiang-an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qian Mo
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jianying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yujin Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
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11
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Bovari-Biri J, Garai K, Banfai K, Csongei V, Pongracz JE. miRNAs as Predictors of Barrier Integrity. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040422. [PMID: 37185497 PMCID: PMC10136429 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The human body has several barriers that protect its integrity and shield it from mechanical, chemical, and microbial harm. The various barriers include the skin, intestinal and respiratory epithelia, blood-brain barrier (BBB), and immune system. In the present review, the focus is on the physical barriers that are formed by cell layers. The barrier function is influenced by the molecular microenvironment of the cells forming the barriers. The integrity of the barrier cell layers is maintained by the intricate balance of protein expression that is partly regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) both in the intracellular space and the extracellular microenvironment. The detection of changes in miRNA patterns has become a major focus of diagnostic, prognostic, and disease progression, as well as therapy-response, markers using a great variety of detection systems in recent years. In the present review, we highlight the importance of liquid biopsies in assessing barrier integrity and challenges in differential miRNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Bovari-Biri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Banfai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Veronika Csongei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Judit E Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
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12
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Jin X, Wang Q, Pan J, Wang J, He Y, Shang J, Chen M, He X, Zhang Y, Wang B, Wang Y, Gong G, Guo J. A biologically stable, self-catalytic DNAzyme machine encapsulated by metal-phenolic nanoshells for multiple microRNA imaging. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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13
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Zhan Y, Zhang R, Guo Y, Cao S, Chen G, Tian B. Recent advances in tumor biomarker detection by lanthanide upconversion nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:755-771. [PMID: 36606393 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02017c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early tumor diagnosis could reliably predict the behavior of tumors and significantly reduce their mortality. Due to the response to early cancerous changes at the molecular or cellular level, tumor biomarkers, including small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, exosomes, and circulating tumor cells, have been employed as powerful tools for early cancer diagnosis. Therefore, exploring new approaches to detect tumor biomarkers has attracted a great deal of research interest. Lanthanide upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) provide numerous opportunities for bioanalytical applications. When excited by low-energy near-infrared light, UCNPs exhibit several unique properties, such as large anti-Stoke shifts, sharp emission lines, long luminescence lifetimes, resistance to photobleaching, and the absence of autofluorescence. Based on these excellent properties, UCNPs have demonstrated great sensitivity and selectivity in detecting tumor biomarkers. In this review, an overview of recent advances in tumor biomarker detection using UCNPs has been presented. The key aspects of this review include detection mechanisms, applications in vitro and in vivo, challenges, and perspectives of UCNP-based tumor biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhan
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Runchi Zhang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yi Guo
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Siyu Cao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Guifang Chen
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Bo Tian
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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14
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Toehold-mediated biosensors: Types, mechanisms and biosensing strategies. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Dwivedi M, Singh SL, Bharadwaj AS, Kishore V, Singh AV. Self-Assembly of DNA-Grafted Colloids: A Review of Challenges. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071102. [PMID: 35888919 PMCID: PMC9324607 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA-mediated self-assembly of colloids has emerged as a powerful tool to assemble the materials of prescribed structure and properties. The uniqueness of the approach lies in the sequence-specific, thermo-reversible hybridization of the DNA-strands based on Watson–Crick base pairing. Grafting particles with DNA strands, thus, results into building blocks that are fully programmable, and can, in principle, be assembled into any desired structure. There are, however, impediments that hinder the DNA-grafted particles from realizing their full potential, as building blocks, for programmable self-assembly. In this short review, we focus on these challenges and highlight the research around tackling these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Dwivedi
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India; (M.D.); (V.K.)
| | - Swarn Lata Singh
- Department of Physics, Mahila Mahavidyalaya (MMV), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
- Correspondence: (S.L.S.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Atul S. Bharadwaj
- Department of Physics, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, UP, India;
| | - Vimal Kishore
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India; (M.D.); (V.K.)
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR), Maxdohrnstrasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.L.S.); (A.V.S.)
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16
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Role of Nano-miRNAs in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126836. [PMID: 35743278 PMCID: PMC9223810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are key regulators of gene expression, controlling different biological processes such as cellular development, differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis. The relationships between miRNA expression and the onset and progression of different diseases, such as tumours, cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases, and neurological disorders, are well known. A nanotechnology-based approach could match miRNA delivery and detection to move beyond the proof-of-concept stage. Different kinds of nanotechnologies can have a major impact on the diagnosis and treatment of miRNA-related diseases such as cancer. Developing novel methodologies aimed at clinical practice represents a big challenge for the early diagnosis of specific diseases. Within this context, nanotechnology represents a wide emerging area at the forefront of research over the last two decades, whose potential has yet to be fully attained. Nanomedicine, derived from nanotechnology, can exploit the unique properties of nanometer-sized particles for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Through nanomedicine, specific treatment to counteract only cancer-cell proliferation will be improved, while leaving healthy cells intact. In this review, we dissect the properties of different nanocarriers and their roles in the early detection and treatment of cancer.
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17
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Liebel M, Calderon I, Pazos-Perez N, van Hulst NF, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Widefield SERS for High-Throughput Nanoparticle Screening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200072. [PMID: 35107845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging is a powerful technology with unprecedent potential for ultrasensitive chemical analysis. Point-by-point scanning and often excessively long spectral acquisition-times hamper the broad exploitation of the full analytical potential of SERS. Here, we introduce large-scale SERS particle screening (LSSPS), a multiplexed widefield screening approach to particle characterization, which is 500-1000 times faster than typical confocal Raman implementations. Beyond its higher throughput, LSSPS simultaneously quantifies both the sample's Raman and Rayleigh scattering to directly quantify the fraction of SERS-active particles which allows for an unprecedented correlation of SERS activity with particle size. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Matz Liebel
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Calderon
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry and EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Pazos-Perez
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry and EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Niek F van Hulst
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon A Alvarez-Puebla
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry and EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Metal–Organic Frameworks-Mediated Assembly of Gold Nanoclusters for Sensing Applications. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2022; 6:163-177. [PMID: 35572781 PMCID: PMC9076503 DOI: 10.1007/s41664-022-00224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Cui F, Marbach S, Zheng JA, Holmes-Cerfon M, Pine DJ. Comprehensive view of microscopic interactions between DNA-coated colloids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2304. [PMID: 35484104 PMCID: PMC9051097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29853-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of DNA-coated colloids into highly-ordered structures offers great promise for advanced optical materials. However, control of disorder, defects, melting, and crystal growth is hindered by the lack of a microscopic understanding of DNA-mediated colloidal interactions. Here we use total internal reflection microscopy to measure in situ the interaction potential between DNA-coated colloids with nanometer resolution and the macroscopic melting behavior. The range and strength of the interaction are measured and linked to key material design parameters, including DNA sequence, polymer length, grafting density, and complementary fraction. We present a first-principles model that screens and combines existing theories into one coherent framework and quantitatively reproduces our experimental data without fitting parameters over a wide range of DNA ligand designs. Our theory identifies a subtle competition between DNA binding and steric repulsion and accurately predicts adhesion and melting at a molecular level. Combining experimental and theoretical results, our work provides a quantitative and predictive approach for guiding material design with DNA-nanotechnology and can be further extended to a diversity of colloidal and biological systems. A quantitative prediction of DNA-mediated interactions between colloids is crucial to the design of colloidal structures for optical applications. Cui et al. measure the interaction potential with nanometer resolution and propose a theory to accurately predict adhesion and melting at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Cui
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Marbach
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Physicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes, Interfaciaux, F-75005, Paris, France
| | | | | | - David J Pine
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Liebel M, Calderon I, Pazos‐Perez N, Hulst NF, Alvarez‐Puebla RA. Widefield SERS for High‐Throughput Nanoparticle Screening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matz Liebel
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Castelldefels Barcelona Spain
| | - Irene Calderon
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry and EMaS Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona Spain
| | - Nicolas Pazos‐Perez
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry and EMaS Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona Spain
| | - Niek F. Hulst
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Castelldefels Barcelona Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Barcelona Spain
| | - Ramon A. Alvarez‐Puebla
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry and EMaS Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Barcelona Spain
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21
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Yang F, Lu H, Meng X, Dong H, Zhang X. Shedding Light on DNA-Based Nanoprobes for Live-Cell MicroRNA Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106281. [PMID: 34854567 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
DNA-based nanoprobes integrated with various imaging signals have been employed for fabricating versatile biosensor platforms for the study of intracellular biological process and biomarker detection. The nanoprobes developments also provide opportunities for endogenous microRNA (miRNA) in situ analysis. In this review, the authors are primarily interested in various DNA-based nanoprobes for miRNA biosensors and declare strategies to reveal how to customize the desired nanoplatforms. Initially, various delivery vehicles for nanoprobe architectures transmembrane transport are delineated, and their biosecurity and ability for resisting the complex cellular environment are evaluated. Then, the novel strategies for designing DNA sequences as target miRNA specific recognition and signal amplification modules for miRNA detection are presented. Afterward, recent advances in imaging technologies to accurately respond and produce significant signal output are summarized. Finally, the challenges and future directions in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huiting Lu
- School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdan Meng
- School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
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22
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Xing C, Chen S, Lin Q, Lin Y, Wang M, Wang J, Lu C. An aptamer-tethered DNA origami amplifier for sensitive and accurate imaging of intracellular microRNA. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1327-1332. [PMID: 35014654 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06399e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurate detection and imaging of low-abundance microRNA (miRNA) in living cells are essential for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Designing nanoprobes with resistance to enzyme degradation, effective cell-binding, and efficient signal amplification is crucial for in vivo imaging. In this study, we present an aptamer-tethered DNA origami amplifier (ADOA) that functions inside living cells to detect miRNA with high sensitivity and stability. In the design, cancer cell-targeting aptamers were tethered onto the border of the DNA origami to improve the discrimination between cancer cells and normal cells. Two substrate modules for the intramolecular entropy-driven reaction (EDR) circuit were alternately arranged on the DNA origami plane. The target miRNA will initiate the sequential hybridization of the two substrate modules on the DNA origami, generating amplified fluorescence signals. The proposed ADOA achieved an accelerated cascade reaction due to the "confinement effect" and significantly enhanced the sensitivity compared with a traditional EDR. Meanwhile, with the rigid structure of the DNA origami, the ADOA possessed excellent signalling stability in living cells. Therefore, the ADOA could expand the application of DNA origami in miRNA sensing and has potential value in early-stage clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xing
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Center for Advanced Marine Materials and Smart Sensors, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
| | - Shan Chen
- College of Geography and Ocean, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Qitian Lin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhong Lin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Min Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Center for Advanced Marine Materials and Smart Sensors, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
| | - Chunhua Lu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
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23
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Egloff S, Melnychuk N, Cruz Da Silva E, Reisch A, Martin S, Klymchenko AS. Amplified Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization by Small and Bright Dye-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1381-1394. [PMID: 34928570 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Detection and imaging of RNA at the single-cell level is of utmost importance for fundamental research and clinical diagnostics. Current techniques of RNA analysis, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), are long, complex, and expensive. Here, we report a methodology of amplified FISH (AmpliFISH) that enables simpler and faster RNA imaging using small and ultrabright dye-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with DNA. We found that the small size of NPs (below 20 nm) was essential for their access to the intracellular mRNA targets in fixed permeabilized cells. Moreover, proper selection of the polymer matrix of DNA-NPs minimized nonspecific intracellular interactions. Optimized DNA-NPs enabled sequence-specific imaging of different mRNA targets (survivin, actin, and polyA tails), using a simple 1 h staining protocol. Encapsulation of cyanine and rhodamine dyes with bulky counterions yielded green-, red-, and far-red-emitting NPs that were 2-100-fold brighter than corresponding quantum dots. These NPs enabled multiplexed detection of three mRNA targets simultaneously, showing distinctive mRNA expression profiles in three cancer cell lines. Image analysis confirmed the single-particle nature of the intracellular signal, suggesting single-molecule sensitivity of the method. AmpliFISH was found to be semiquantitative, correlating with RT-qPCR. In comparison with the commercial locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based FISH technique, AmpliFISH provides 8-200-fold stronger signal (dependent on the NP color) and requires only three steps vs ∼20 steps together with a much shorter time. Thus, combination of bright fluorescent polymeric NPs with FISH yields a fast and sensitive single-cell transcriptomic analysis method for RNA research and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Egloff
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Nina Melnychuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Elisabete Cruz Da Silva
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
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24
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Lu X, Yao C, Sun L, Li Z. Plasmon-enhanced biosensors for microRNA analysis and cancer diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Liang Z, Hao C, Chen C, Ma W, Sun M, Xu L, Xu C, Kuang H. Ratiometric FRET Encoded Hierarchical ZrMOF @ Au Cluster for Ultrasensitive Quantifying MicroRNA In Vivo. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107449. [PMID: 34647652 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, Zirconium metal-organic frameworks @ gold (ZrMOF @ Au) cluster architectures have been fabricated and then functionalized with two fluorescent dyes (Quasar [QS] and Cyanine5.5 [Cy5.5]) through deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization, to form a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) encoded ZrMOF @ Au-QS/Cy5.5 complex. In the presence of the target intracellular microRNA (miR)-21, the fluorescence of Cy5.5 at 705 nm (F705 ) decreases and the fluorescence of QS at 665 nm (F665 ) increases when Cy5.5 is released from the surface of ZrMOF @ Au-QS/Cy5.5. The change in the fluorescence ratio (F705 /F665 ) shows an outstanding linear range of 0.006-67.9 amol/ngRNA , and the limit of detection is 4.51 zmol/ngRNA in living cells. The high ratio loading of nucleic acid on surface of ZrMOF @ Au cluster and two fluorescence encoded signal enables better sensitivity and reliability. Zeptomolar sensitivity and good linearity against target affords distinct imaging-based monitoring of the cancer marker miR-21 both in living cells and in vivo. At the same time, the architecture displays remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency (53.7%) and gives rise to outstanding therapy ability in vivo. This strategy offers new avenues for the intelligent quantification of miRNAs for simultaneous diagnoses and treatments of early-stage cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Liang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Changlong Hao
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Chen Chen
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wei Ma
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Maozhong Sun
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Liguang Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hua Kuang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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Wang YX, Wang DX, Wang J, Liu B, Tang AN, Kong DM. DNA nanolantern-mediated catalytic hairpin assembly nanoamplifiers for simultaneous detection of multiple microRNAs. Talanta 2022; 236:122846. [PMID: 34635236 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous detection of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) with high sensitivity can give accurate and reliable information for clinical applications. By uniformly anchoring hairpin probes on the surface of DNA nanolantern, a three-dimensional DNA nanostructure contains abundant and adjustable modification sites, highly integrated DNA nanoprobes were designed and developed as catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA)-based signal amplifiers for enzyme-free signal amplification detection of target miRNAs. The nanolantern-based CHA (NLC) amplifiers, which were facilely prepared via a simple "one-pot" annealing method, showed enhanced biostability, improved cell internalization efficiency, accelerated CHA reaction kinetics, and increased signal amplification capability compared to the single-stranded DNA hairpin probes used in traditional CHA reaction. By co-assembling multiple hairpin probes on a DNA nanolantern surface, as-prepared NLC amplifiers were demonstrated to work well for highly sensitive and specific imaging, expression level fluctuation analysis of two miRNAs in living cells, and miRNAs-guided tumor imaging in living mice. The proposed DNA nanolantern-based nanoamplifier strategy might provide a feasible way to promote the cellular and in vivo applications of nucleic acid probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Dong-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - An-Na Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - De-Ming Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China.
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Huertas CS, Lechuga LM. Ultrasensitive Label-Free Nucleic-Acid Biosensors Based on Bimodal Waveguide Interferometers. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2393:89-125. [PMID: 34837176 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1803-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The bimodal waveguide (BiMW) biosensor is an innovative common path interferometric sensor based on the evanescent field detection principle. This biosensor allows for the direct detection of virtually any biomolecular interaction in a label-free scheme by using specific biorecognition elements. Due to its inherent ultrasensitivity, it has been employed for the monitoring of relevant nucleic-acid sequences such as mRNA transcripts or microRNAs present at the attomolar-femtomolar concentration level in human samples. The application of the BiMW biosensor to detect these nucleic acids can be a powerful analytical tool for diagnosis and prognosis of complex illnesses, such as cancer, where these biomarkers play a major role. The BiMW sensor is fabricated using standard silicon-based microelectronics technology, which allows its miniaturization and cost-effective production, meeting the requirements of portability and disposability for the development of point-of-care (PoC) sensing platforms.In this chapter, we describe the working principle of the BiMW biosensor as well as its application for the analysis of nucleic acids. Concretely, we show a detailed description of DNA functionalization procedures and the complete analysis of two different RNA biomarkers for cancer diagnosis: (1) the analysis of mRNA transcripts generated by alternative splicing of Fas gene, and (2) the detection of miRNA 181a from urine liquid biopsies, for the early diagnosis of bladder cancer. The biosensing detection is performed by a direct assay in real time, by monitoring the changes in the intensity pattern of the light propagating through the BiMW biosensor, due to the hybridization of the target with the specific DNA probe previously functionalized on the BiMW sensor surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar S Huertas
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Laura M Lechuga
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST and CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, Ed-ICN2, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Zhang D, Peng R, Liu W, Donovan MJ, Wang L, Ismail I, Li J, Li J, Qu F, Tan W. Engineering DNA on the Surface of Upconversion Nanoparticles for Bioanalysis and Therapeutics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17257-17274. [PMID: 34766752 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of inorganic nanomaterials with biomolecules has enabled the development of composites integrated with extensive properties. Lanthanide ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are one class of inorganic nanomaterials showing optical properties that convert photons of lower energy into higher energy. Additionally, DNA oligonucleotides have exhibited powerful capabilities for organizing various nanomaterials with versatile topological configurations. Through rational design and nanotechnology, DNA-based UCNPs offer predesigned functionality and potential. To fully harness the capabilities of UCNPs integrated with DNA, various DNA-UCNP composites have been developed for diagnosis and therapeutics. In this review, beginning with the introduction of the UCNPs and the conjugation of DNA strands on the surface of UCNPs, we present an overview of the recent progress of DNA-UCNP composites while focusing on their applications for bioanalysis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailiang Zhang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Ruizi Peng
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael J Donovan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ismail Ismail
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Jin Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Juan Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Fengli Qu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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29
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Song Y, Cai X, Ostermeyer G, Ding S, Du D, Lin Y. Zeptomole Imaging of Cytosolic MicroRNA Cancer Biomarkers with A Light-Controlled Nanoantenna. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:213. [PMID: 34674052 PMCID: PMC8531139 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Detecting and quantifying intracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are a critical step in resolving a cancer diagnostic and resolving the ensemble of gene products that orchestrate the living state of cells. However, the nanoprobe for detecting low abundance miRNAs in cell cytosol is restricted by either the "one-to-one" signal-trigger model or difficulty for cytosol delivery. To address these challenges, we designed a light-harvesting nanoantenna-based nanoprobe, which directs excitation energy to a single molecule to sensitively detect cytosolic miRNA. With light irradiation, the light-harvesting nanoantenna effectively disrupted lysosomal structures by generation of reactive oxygen species, substantially achieved cytosol delivery. The nanoantenna containing > 4000 donor dyes can efficiently transfer excitation energy to one or two acceptors with 99% efficiency, leading to unprecedented signal amplification and biosensing sensitivity. The designed nanoantenna can quantify cytosolic miR-210 at zeptomolar level. The fluorescence lifetime of the donor exhibited good relationship with miR-210 concentration in the range of 0.032 to 2.97 amol/ngRNA. The zeptomole sensitivity of nanoantenna provides accurate bioimaging of miR-210 both in multiple cell lines and in vivo assay, which creates a pathway for the creation of miRNA toolbox for quantitative epigenetics and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Nanosong Systems LLC, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA
| | - Xiaoli Cai
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Grayson Ostermeyer
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Shichao Ding
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Dan Du
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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Algar WR, Massey M, Rees K, Higgins R, Krause KD, Darwish GH, Peveler WJ, Xiao Z, Tsai HY, Gupta R, Lix K, Tran MV, Kim H. Photoluminescent Nanoparticles for Chemical and Biological Analysis and Imaging. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9243-9358. [PMID: 34282906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research related to the development and application of luminescent nanoparticles (LNPs) for chemical and biological analysis and imaging is flourishing. Novel materials and new applications continue to be reported after two decades of research. This review provides a comprehensive and heuristic overview of this field. It is targeted to both newcomers and experts who are interested in a critical assessment of LNP materials, their properties, strengths and weaknesses, and prospective applications. Numerous LNP materials are cataloged by fundamental descriptions of their chemical identities and physical morphology, quantitative photoluminescence (PL) properties, PL mechanisms, and surface chemistry. These materials include various semiconductor quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene derivatives, carbon dots, nanodiamonds, luminescent metal nanoclusters, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles and downshifting nanoparticles, triplet-triplet annihilation nanoparticles, persistent-luminescence nanoparticles, conjugated polymer nanoparticles and semiconducting polymer dots, multi-nanoparticle assemblies, and doped and labeled nanoparticles, including but not limited to those based on polymers and silica. As an exercise in the critical assessment of LNP properties, these materials are ranked by several application-related functional criteria. Additional sections highlight recent examples of advances in chemical and biological analysis, point-of-care diagnostics, and cellular, tissue, and in vivo imaging and theranostics. These examples are drawn from the recent literature and organized by both LNP material and the particular properties that are leveraged to an advantage. Finally, a perspective on what comes next for the field is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Melissa Massey
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kelly Rees
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rehan Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katherine D Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ghinwa H Darwish
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - William J Peveler
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Zhujun Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hsin-Yun Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kelsi Lix
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael V Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hyungki Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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31
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Moreira L, Costa C, Pires J, Teixeira JP, Fraga S. How can exposure to engineered nanomaterials influence our epigenetic code? A review of the mechanisms and molecular targets. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108385. [PMID: 34893164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that engineered nanomaterials (ENM) can induce epigenetic modifications. In this review, we provide an overview of the epigenetic modulation of gene expression induced by ENM used in a variety of applications: titanium dioxide (TiO2), silver (Ag), gold (Au), silica (SiO2) nanoparticles and carbon-based nanomaterials (CNM). Exposure to these ENM can trigger alterations in cell patterns of DNA methylation, post-transcriptional histone modifications and expression of non-coding RNA. Such effects are dependent on ENM dose and physicochemical properties including size, shape and surface chemistry, as well as on the cell/organism sensitivity. The genes affected are mostly involved in the regulation of the epigenetic machinery itself, as well as in apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair and inflammation related pathways, whose long-term alterations might lead to the onset or progression of certain pathologies. In addition, some DNA methylation patterns may be retained as a form of epigenetic memory. Prenatal exposure to ENM may impair the normal development of the offspring by transplacental effects and/or putative transmission of epimutations in imprinting genes. Thus, understanding the impact of ENM on the epigenome is of paramount importance and epigenetic evaluation must be considered when assessing the risk of ENM to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Moreira
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Costa
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Pires
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Fraga
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
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32
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Miao P, Tang Y. Cascade Strand Displacement and Bipedal Walking Based DNA Logic System for miRNA Diagnostics. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1036-1044. [PMID: 34235264 PMCID: PMC8228592 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA logic gated operations empower the highly efficient analysis of multiplex nucleic acid inputs, which have attracted extensive attention. However, the integration of DNA logic gates with abundant computational functions and signal amplification for biomedical diagnosis is far from being fully achieved. Herein, we develop a bipedal DNA walker based amplified electrochemical method for miRNA detection, which is then used as the basic unit for the construction of various logic circuits, enabling the analysis of multiplex miRNAs. In the bipedal walking process, target triggered strand displacement polymerization is able to produce a large number of strands for the fabrication of three-way junction-structured bipedal walkers. The following catalytic hairpin assembly ensures the walking event and the immobilization of signal probes for output. Ultrahigh sensitivity is realized due to the integration of dual signal amplification. In addition, under logic function controls by input triggered cascade strand displacement reactions, NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR logic gates are successfully established. The as-developed DNA logic system can also be extended to multi-input modes, which holds great promise in the fields of DNA computing, multiplex analysis, and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Miao
- Suzhou
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, People’s Republic
of China
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Yuguo Tang
- Suzhou
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, People’s Republic
of China
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33
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Kumar B, Malhotra K, Fuku R, Van Houten J, Qu GY, Piunno PA, Krull UJ. Recent trends in the developments of analytical probes based on lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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34
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Engineering heterogeneity of precision nanoparticles for biomedical delivery and therapy. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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35
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Egloff S, Melnychuk N, Reisch A, Martin S, Klymchenko AS. Enzyme-free amplified detection of cellular microRNA by light-harvesting fluorescent nanoparticle probes. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 179:113084. [PMID: 33601133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Detection of cellular microRNA biomarkers is an emerging powerful tool in cancer diagnostics. Currently, it requires multistep tedious protocols based on molecular amplification of the RNA target, e.g. RT-qPCR. Here, we developed a one-step enzyme-free method for microRNA detection in cellular extracts based on light-harvesting nanoparticle (nanoantenna) biosensors. They amplify the fluorescence signal by effective Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from ultrabright dye-loaded polymeric nanoparticle to a single acceptor and thus convert recognition of one microRNA copy (through nucleic acid strand displacement) into a response of >400 dyes. The developed nanoprobes of 17-19 nm diameter for four microRNAs (miR-21, let-7f, miR-222 and miR-30a) exhibit outstanding brightness (up to 3.8 × 107 M-1cm-1) and ratiometric sequence-specific response to microRNA with the limit of detection (LOD) down to 1.3 pM (21 amol), equivalent to 24 RT-qPCR cycles. They enable quantitative detection of the four microRNAs in RNA extracts from five cancerous cell lines (human breast cancer - T47D and MCF7, head and neck cancer - CAL33 and glioblastoma - LNZ308 and U373) and two non-cancerous ones (Hek293 and MCF10A), in agreement with RT-qPCR. The results confirmed that let-7f and especially miR-21 are systematically overexpressed in all studied cancerous cell lines. These nanoparticle biosensors are compatible with low-cost portable fluorometers and small detection volumes (11 amol LOD), opening a route to rapid point-of-care cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Egloff
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route Du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Nina Melnychuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route Du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route Du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route Du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route Du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France.
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He L, Mu J, Gang O, Chen X. Rationally Programming Nanomaterials with DNA for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003775. [PMID: 33898180 PMCID: PMC8061415 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA is not only a carrier of genetic information, but also a versatile structural tool for the engineering and self-assembling of nanostructures. In this regard, the DNA template has dramatically enhanced the scalability, programmability, and functionality of the self-assembled DNA nanostructures. These capabilities provide opportunities for a wide range of biomedical applications in biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and disease therapy. In this review, the importance and advantages of DNA for programming and fabricating of DNA nanostructures are first highlighted. The recent progress in design and construction of DNA nanostructures are then summarized, including DNA conjugated nanoparticle systems, DNA-based clusters and extended organizations, and DNA origami-templated assemblies. An overview on biomedical applications of the self-assembled DNA nanostructures is provided. Finally, the conclusion and perspectives on the self-assembled DNA nanostructures are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcan He
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117597Singapore
| | - Jing Mu
- Institute of Precision MedicinePeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518036China
| | - Oleg Gang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Applied Physics and Applied MathematicsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
- Center for Functional NanomaterialsBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY11973USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117597Singapore
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37
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DNAzyme cascade circuits in highly integrated DNA nanomachines for sensitive microRNAs imaging in living cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 177:112976. [PMID: 33434778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.112976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA molecular probes have emerged as powerful tools for fluorescence imaging of microRNAs (miRNAs) in living cells and thus elucidating functions and dynamics of miRNAs. In particular, the highly integrated DNA probes that can be able to address the robustness, sensitivity and consistency issues in a single assay system were highly desired but remained largely unsolved challenge. Herein, we reported for the first time that the development of the novel DNA nanomachines that split-DNAzyme motif was highly integrated in a single DNA triangular prism (DTP) reactor and can undergo target-activated DNAzyme catalytic cascade circuits, allowing amplified sensing and imaging of tumor-related microRNA-21 (miR-21) in living cells. The DNA nanomachines have shown dynamic responses for target miR-21 with excellent sensitivity and selectivity and demonstrated the potential for living cell imaging of miR-21. With the advantages of facile modular design and assembly, high biostability, low cytotoxicity and excellent cellular internalization, the highly integrated DNA nanomachines enabled accurate and effective monitoring of miR-21 expression levels in living cells. Therefore, our developed strategy may afford a reliable and robust nanoplatform for tumor diagnosis and for related biological research.
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38
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Lee KY, Pham XH, Rho WY, Chang H, Lee SH, Kim J, Hahm E, Lee JH, Lee YS, Jun BH. Introduction of Nanobiotechnology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1309:1-22. [PMID: 33782866 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6158-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Nano is a fine metric unit which means "one billionth." Nanotechnology is attracting attention as a technological basis to lead the fourth industry. By utilizing synergistic properties obtained from controlling the structure or arrangement of materials at the nanoscale, nanotechnology has evolved rapidly over the past half century and is active in a variety of fields such as materials, pharmaceuticals, and biology. This chapter briefly describes the concept and features of nanotechnology, as well as the preparation, analysis, characterization, and application of nanomaterials. Also, the prospects for nanotechnology along with the nanotoxicity are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwee-Yum Lee
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Xuan-Hung Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Yeop Rho
- School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Chang
- Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehi Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunil Hahm
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Sik Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Zhang N, Qiu L, Li T, Wang X, Deng R, Yi H, Su Y, Fan FY. MiR-449a attenuates autophagy of T-cell lymphoma cells by downregulating ATG4B expression. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 32172731 PMCID: PMC7262515 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.5.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests the role of miR-449a in the regulation of tumorigenesis and autophagy. Autophagy plays an important role in the malignancy of T-cell lymphoma. However, it is still unknown whether miR-449a is associated with autophagy to regulate the malignancy of T-cell lymp homa. In this study, we for the first time demonstrated that miR-449a enhanced apoptosis of T-cell lymphoma cells by decreasing the degree of autophagy. Further, miR-449a downregulated autophagy-associated 4B (ATG4B) expression, which subsequently reduced the autophagy of T-cell lymphoma cells. Mechanistically, miR-449a decreased ATG4B protein level by binding to its mRNA 3’UTR, thus reducing the mRNA stability. In addition, studies with nude mice showed that miR-449a significantly inhibited lymphoma characteristics in vivo. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the “miR-449a/ATG4B/autophagy” pathway played a vital role in the malignancy of T-cell lymphoma, suggesting a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Rui Deng
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Hai Yi
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Fang-Yi Fan
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China
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40
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Zhou Z, Fan D, Wang J, Sohn YS, Nechushtai R, Willner I. Triggered Dimerization and Trimerization of DNA Tetrahedra for Multiplexed miRNA Detection and Imaging of Cancer Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007355. [PMID: 33470517 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The reversible and switchable triggered reconfiguration of tetrahedra nanostructures from monomer tetrahedra structures into dimer or trimer structures is introduced. The triggered bridging of monomer tetrahedra by K+ -ion-stabilized G-quadruplexes or T-A•T triplexes leads to dimer or trimer tetrahedra structures that are separated by crown ether or basic pH conditions, respectively. The signal-triggered dimerization/trimerization of DNA tetrahedra structures is used to develop multiplexed miRNA-sensing platforms, and the tetrahedra mixture is used for intracellular sensing and imaging of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhou
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Daoqing Fan
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Jianbang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Yang Sung Sohn
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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41
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Xue T, Bongu SR, Huang H, Liang W, Wang Y, Zhang F, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Cui X. Ultrasensitive detection of microRNA using a bismuthene-enabled fluorescence quenching biosensor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:7041-7044. [PMID: 32453808 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bismuthene, a monoelemental two-dimensional material, has shown promise in the biomedical, electronic, and energy fields due to its high carrier mobility and stability at room temperature. However, its use in biosensing applications is restricted due to its undefined quenching mechanism for dye molecules. Herein, we developed a novel ultrathin bismuthene-based sensing platform for microRNA (miRNA)-specific detection that even discriminates single-base mismatches. The detection limit can reach 60 pM. Excitingly, with the fluorescence quenching mechanism of bismuthene, ground state weakly fluorescent charge transfer is determined via femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. This finding provides a proof-of-concept platform to (i) fundamentally explore the quenching mechanism of bismuthene and (ii) sensitively detect miRNA molecules for early cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Xue
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
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42
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Yuan P, Mao X, Liew SS, Wu S, Huang Y, Li L, Yao SQ. Versatile Multiplex Endogenous RNA Detection with Simultaneous Signal Normalization Using Mesoporous Silica Nanoquenchers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57695-57709. [PMID: 33319982 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Detection of endogenous tumor-related RNA is vital for cancer diagnostics. Despite advancements made, live-cell RNA detection still faces numerous problems, such as low signal output and cell-to-cell variations arising from differences in probe uptake. To address these issues, we designed a versatile and highly sensitive mRNA/miRNA nanosensor featuring, for the first time, signal amplification and in-built signal normalization. Using dye-loaded mesoporous silica nanoquenchers (qMSNs) capped with target-corresponding antisense oligos (ASOs), direct fluorescence "Turn-ON" with signal amplification was achieved upon target binding. By readily varying the capping ASOs as well as cargo dyes, a suite of RNA nanosensors for multiplex target detection could be easily prepared. Further modification of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA-responsive molecular beacons (MBs) onto our nanosensor enabled dual detection of target RNA and GAPDH mRNA, allowing for target signal normalization using GAPDH as a reference. We demonstrated that this newly developed nanosensor could successfully differentiate between noncancer and cancer cells, as well as accurately monitor the relative expression levels of multiple tumor-related RNAs simultaneously in different cancer cell lines, with a high degree of specificity and sensitivity, functioning as a noninvasive "qPCR mimic" imaging tool in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shen Zhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Si Si Liew
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shen Zhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shen Zhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 21816, China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhong Sun
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Si Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Changlong Hao
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Hua Kuang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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44
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Xu H, Niu H, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yin H, Liu D, Jiang Z, Yu S, Wu ZS. Palindromic probe-mediated strand displacement amplification for highly sensitive and selective microRNA imaging. Talanta 2020; 219:121295. [PMID: 32887037 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in a variety of biological processes, and the accurate detection of miRNAs is of great importance for early diagnosis of various cancers. Herein, we have developed a highly sensitive method for the intracellular imaging of miRNAs based on a palindromic probe-induced strand displacement amplification (pSDA). The sensing element is a partly complementary hybrid consisting of two DNA components: one fluorescent dye-labeled signaling probe containing a palindromic sequence and loop-based target recognition site and one quencher moiety-attached locking probe. In the presence of target miRNA, the target species can hybridize with the loop site and release the terminal palindromic fragment, initiating the pSDA reaction. Thus, a considerable amount of fluorescent moieties are spatially separated from the quenchers, generating a dramatically enhanced fluorescence signal. As a result, the target miRNAs can be quantified down to 25 pM with the linear response range over four orders of magnitude. The detection specificity is high enough to eliminate the interference from nontarget miRNAs and other biospecies co-existing in samples, and thus the diseased cells are easily distinguished from healthy cells. Strikingly, the pSDA-based system possesses the desirable capability to discriminate tumor cells from healthy cells, indicating a promising diagnostic tool for the detection of cancers and other diseases in early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huo Xu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Huimin Niu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingtao Liu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Science College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hongwei Yin
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dengyou Liu
- Science College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Suhong Yu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Zai-Sheng Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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45
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Zhao Y, Xu C. DNA-Based Plasmonic Heterogeneous Nanostructures: Building, Optical Responses, and Bioapplications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907880. [PMID: 32596873 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The integration of multiple functional nanoparticles into a specific architecture allows the precise manipulation of light for coherent electron oscillations. Plasmonic metals-based heterogeneous nanostructures are fabricated by using DNA as templates. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the controllable synthesis and self-assembly of heterogeneous nanostructures, and analyzes the effects of structural parameters on the regulation of optical responses. The potential applications and challenges of heterogeneous nanostructures in the fields of biosensors and bioanalysis, in vivo monitoring, and phototheranostics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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46
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Gong X, Li R, Wang J, Wei J, Ma K, Liu X, Wang F. A Smart Theranostic Nanocapsule for Spatiotemporally Programmable Photo‐Gene Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Ruomeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Kang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Fuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
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47
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Gong X, Li R, Wang J, Wei J, Ma K, Liu X, Wang F. A Smart Theranostic Nanocapsule for Spatiotemporally Programmable Photo‐Gene Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21648-21655. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Ruomeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Kang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Fuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
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48
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Yang Z, Peng X, Yang P, Zhuo Y, Chai YQ, Liang W, Yuan R. A Janus 3D DNA nanomachine for simultaneous and sensitive fluorescence detection and imaging of dual microRNAs in cancer cells. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8482-8488. [PMID: 34123108 PMCID: PMC8163441 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a Janus three-dimensional (3D) DNA nanomachine was constructed for the simultaneous and sensitive fluorescence detection and imaging of dual microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer cells, which could effectively eliminate signal interference in a homogeneous nanoparticle-based 3D DNA nanostructure caused by the proximity of the two different signal probes to achieve accurate co-location in the same position of living cancer cells. In this system, the Janus nanoparticles were synthesized as the carrier for immobilizing two different oligonucleotides on two different functionalized hemispheres of the nanoparticles to form a Janus 3D DNA nanostructure, which could convert trace amounts of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 targets into massive FAM and Cy5-labeled duplexes to induce two remarkable fluorescence emissions by the catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and 3D DNA walker cascade nucleic acid amplification strategy, realizing sensitive detection and imaging of miRNA targets in cancer cells. Impressively, in comparison with current miRNA imaging methods based on nanoparticle assemblies, the proposed strategy could efficiently eliminate “false positive” results obtained in single type miRNA detection and distinctly increase the immobilization concentration of two different signal probes using Janus nanoparticles as the carrier to further enhance fluorescence intensity, resulting in accurate co-location in the same position of living cells. Meanwhile, the proposed fluorescence imaging technology makes it possible to visualize low concentrations of miRNAs with tiny change associated with some cancers, which could significantly improve the accuracy and precision compared to those of the conventional fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) approach. Therefore, it could serve as persuasive evidence for supplying accurate information to better understand biological processes and investigate mechanisms of various biomolecules and subcellular organelles, resulting in the further validation of their function in tumor proliferation and differentiation. This strategy provided an innovative approach to design new generations of nanomachines with ultimate applications in bioanalysis and clinical diagnoses. A Janus three-dimensional DNA nanomachine was constructed for the simultaneous and sensitive fluorescent detection and imaging of dual microRNAs in the cancer cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 PR China
| | - Xin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 PR China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 PR China
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 PR China
| | - Ya-Qin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 PR China
| | - Wenbin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 PR China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 PR China
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49
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Peng S, Tan Z, Chen S, Lei C, Nie Z. Integrating CRISPR-Cas12a with a DNA circuit as a generic sensing platform for amplified detection of microRNA. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7362-7368. [PMID: 33133487 PMCID: PMC7553042 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03084h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A generic sensing strategy that integrates CRISPR-Cas12a with a DNA circuit is proposed for amplified detection of microRNA.
CRISPR-based diagnostics (CRISPR-Dx) has shown great promise in molecular diagnostics, but its utility in the sensing of microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers is limited by sensitivity, cost and robustness. Here, we describe a CRISPR-Dx method for the sensitive and cost-effective detection of miRNAs by rationally integrating CRISPR-Cas12a with DNA circuits. In this work, a modular catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) circuit is designed to convert and amplify each target into multiple programmable DNA duplexes, which serve as triggers to initiate the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas12a for further signal amplification. Such rational integration provides a generic assay for the effectively amplified detection of miRNA biomarkers. By simply tuning the variable regions in the CHA modules, this assay achieves sub-femtomolar sensitivity for different miRNA biomarkers, which improves the detection limit of CRISPR-Dx in the analysis of miRNA by 3–4 orders of magnitude. With the usage of the proposed assay, the sensitive assessment of miR-21 levels in different cancer cell lines and clinical serum samples has been achieved, providing a generic method for the sensitive detection of miRNA biomarkers in molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China .
| | - Zhen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China .
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China .
| | - Chunyang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China .
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China .
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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