1
|
Yang J, Qin K, Wang Q, Yang X. Deciphering the nutritional strategies for polysaccharides effects on intestinal barrier in broilers: Selectively promote microbial ecosystems. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130677. [PMID: 38458298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, a complex and dynamic microbial ecosystem, plays a crucial role in regulating the intestinal barrier. Polysaccharide foraging is specifically dedicated to establishing and maintaining microbial communities, contributing to the shaping of the intestinal ecosystem and ultimately enhancing the integrity of the intestinal barrier. The utilization and regulation of individual polysaccharides often rely on distinct gut-colonizing bacteria. The products of their metabolism not only benefit the formation of the ecosystem but also facilitate cross-feeding partnerships. In this review, we elucidate the mechanisms by which specific bacteria degrade polysaccharides, and how polysaccharide metabolism shapes the microbial ecosystem through cross-feeding. Furthermore, we explore how selectively promoting microbial ecosystems and their metabolites contributes to improvements in the integrity of the intestinal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kailong Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianggang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Groisman EA, Han W, Krypotou E. Advancing the fitness of gut commensal bacteria. Science 2023; 382:766-768. [PMID: 37972163 PMCID: PMC10838159 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient starvation of beneficial bacteria helps them colonize the human gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A. Groisman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weiwei Han
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emilia Krypotou
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marsh JW, Kirk C, Ley RE. Toward Microbiome Engineering: Expanding the Repertoire of Genetically Tractable Members of the Human Gut Microbiome. Annu Rev Microbiol 2023; 77:427-449. [PMID: 37339736 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Genetic manipulation is necessary to interrogate the functions of microbes in their environments, such as the human gut microbiome. Yet, the vast majority of human gut microbiome species are not genetically tractable. Here, we review the hurdles to seizing genetic control of more species. We address the barriers preventing the application of genetic techniques to gut microbes and report on genetic systems currently under development. While methods aimed at genetically transforming many species simultaneously in situ show promise, they are unable to overcome many of the same challenges that exist for individual microbes. Unless a major conceptual breakthrough emerges, the genetic tractability of the microbiome will remain an arduous task. Increasing the list of genetically tractable organisms from the human gut remains one of the highest priorities for microbiome research and will provide the foundation for microbiome engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Marsh
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Christian Kirk
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Ruth E Ley
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schluter J, Djukovic A, Taylor BP, Yan J, Duan C, Hussey GA, Liao C, Sharma S, Fontana E, Amoretti LA, Wright RJ, Dai A, Peled JU, Taur Y, Perales MA, Siranosian BA, Bhatt AS, van den Brink MRM, Pamer EG, Xavier JB. The TaxUMAP atlas: Efficient display of large clinical microbiome data reveals ecological competition in protection against bacteremia. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1126-1139.e6. [PMID: 37329880 PMCID: PMC10527165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal microbiome data provide valuable insight into disease states and clinical responses, but they are challenging to mine and view collectively. To address these limitations, we present TaxUMAP, a taxonomically informed visualization for displaying microbiome states in large clinical microbiome datasets. We used TaxUMAP to chart a microbiome atlas of 1,870 patients with cancer during therapy-induced perturbations. Bacterial density and diversity were positively associated, but the trend was reversed in liquid stool. Low-diversity states (dominations) remained stable after antibiotic treatment, and diverse communities had a broader range of antimicrobial resistance genes than dominations. When examining microbiome states associated with risk for bacteremia, TaxUMAP revealed that certain Klebsiella species were associated with lower risk for bacteremia localize in a region of the atlas that is depleted in high-risk enterobacteria. This indicated a competitive interaction that was validated experimentally. Thus, TaxUMAP can chart comprehensive longitudinal microbiome datasets, enabling insights into microbiome effects on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schluter
- Institute for Systems Genetics, Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ana Djukovic
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bradford P Taylor
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinyuan Yan
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caichen Duan
- Institute for Systems Genetics, Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grant A Hussey
- Institute for Systems Genetics, Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chen Liao
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sneh Sharma
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Fontana
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luigi A Amoretti
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta J Wright
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anqi Dai
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan U Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying Taur
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ami S Bhatt
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric G Pamer
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joao B Xavier
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Glycosidic linkage of rare and new-to-nature disaccharides reshapes gut microbiota in vitro. Food Chem 2023; 411:135440. [PMID: 36701921 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of glycosidic linkage of seven rare and new-to-nature disaccharides on gut bacteria was assessed in vitro. The community shift of the inocula from four donors in response to 1 % (w/v) disaccharide supplementation was captured by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. A significant loss of bacterial alpha diversity, short lag time, low pH, and high total short-chain fatty acid displayed a faster fermentation of trehalose(Glc-α1,1α-Glc) and fibrulose(fructan, DP2-10). Bacteroides reduced in relative abundance under disaccharide supplementation suggesting a loss in complex carbohydrates metabolizing capacity. Fibrulose and l-arabinose glucoside(Glc-α1,3-l-Ara) significantly stimulated bifidobacteria but was suppressed with trehalose, ribose glucoside(Glc-α1,2-Rib), and 4'-epitrehalose(Glc-α1,1α-Gal) supplementation. Albeit insignificant, bifidobacteria increased with 4'-epikojibiose(Glc-α1,2-Gal), nigerose(Glc-α1,3-Glc), and kojibiose(Glc-α1,2-Glc). Prior conditioning of inoculum in kojibiose medium profoundly induced bifidobacteria by 44 % and 55 % upon reinoculation into kojibiose and fibrulose-supplemented media respectively. This study has demonstrated the importance of the disaccharide structure-function relationship in driving the gut bacterial community.
Collapse
|
6
|
Krypotou E, Townsend GE, Gao X, Tachiyama S, Liu J, Pokorzynski ND, Goodman AL, Groisman EA. Bacteria require phase separation for fitness in the mammalian gut. Science 2023; 379:1149-1156. [PMID: 36927025 PMCID: PMC10148683 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn7229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic manipulation of the gut microbiota holds great potential for human health. The mechanisms bacteria use to colonize the gut therefore present valuable targets for clinical intervention. We now report that bacteria use phase separation to enhance fitness in the mammalian gut. We establish that the intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of the broadly and highly conserved transcription termination factor Rho is necessary and sufficient for phase separation in vivo and in vitro in the human commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Phase separation increases transcription termination by Rho in an IDR-dependent manner. Moreover, the IDR is critical for gene regulation in the gut. Our findings expose phase separation as vital for host-commensal bacteria interactions and relevant for novel clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Krypotou
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute; P.O. Box 27389, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Guy E. Townsend
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute; P.O. Box 27389, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, 700 HMC Crescent Road, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Xiaohui Gao
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Shoichi Tachiyama
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute; P.O. Box 27389, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute; P.O. Box 27389, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Nick D. Pokorzynski
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Andrew L. Goodman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute; P.O. Box 27389, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Eduardo A. Groisman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute; P.O. Box 27389, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Koemel NA, Senior AM, Benmarhnia T, Holmes A, Okada M, Oulhote Y, Parker HM, Shah S, Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D, Gill TP, Laouali N, Skilton MR. Diet Quality, Microbial Lignan Metabolites, and Cardiometabolic Health among US Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061412. [PMID: 36986142 PMCID: PMC10054147 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been shown to play a role in the relationship between diet and cardiometabolic health. We sought to examine the degree to which key microbial lignan metabolites are involved in the relationship between diet quality and cardiometabolic health using a multidimensional framework. This analysis was undertaken using cross-sectional data from 4685 US adults (age 43.6 ± 16.5 years; 50.4% female) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1999–2010. Dietary data were collected from one to two separate 24-hour dietary recalls and diet quality was characterized using the 2015 Healthy Eating Index. Cardiometabolic health markers included blood lipid profile, glycemic control, adiposity, and blood pressure. Microbial lignan metabolites considered were urinary concentrations of enterolignans, including enterolactone and enterodiol, with higher levels indicating a healthier gut microbial environment. Models were visually examined using a multidimensional approach and statistically analyzed using three-dimensional generalized additive models. There was a significant interactive association between diet quality and microbial lignan metabolites for triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, oral glucose tolerance, adiposity, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (all p < 0.05). Each of these cardiometabolic health markers displayed an association such that optimal cardiometabolic health was only observed in individuals with both high diet quality and elevated urinary enterolignans. When comparing effect sizes on the multidimensional response surfaces and model selection criteria, the strongest support for a potential moderating relationship of the gut microbiome was observed for fasting triglycerides and oral glucose tolerance. In this study, we revealed interactive associations of diet quality and microbial lignan metabolites with cardiometabolic health markers. These findings suggest that the overall association of diet quality on cardiometabolic health may be affected by the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Koemel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Alistair M. Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Sydney Centre for Precision Data Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Mirei Okada
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Helen M. Parker
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Sanam Shah
- “Exposome and Heredity” Team, CESP, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Stephen J. Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Timothy P. Gill
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Nasser Laouali
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- “Exposome and Heredity” Team, CESP, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Michael R. Skilton
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (M.R.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dietary Trehalose as a Bioactive Nutrient. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061393. [PMID: 36986123 PMCID: PMC10054017 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a naturally occurring, non-reducing disaccharide comprising two covalently-linked glucose molecules. It possesses unique physiochemical properties, which account for multiple biological roles in a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In the past few decades, intensive research on trehalose has uncovered its functions, and extended its uses as a sweetener and stabilizer in the food, medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Further, increased dietary trehalose consumption has sparked research on how trehalose affects the gut microbiome. In addition to its role as a dietary sugar, trehalose has gained attention for its ability to modulate glucose homeostasis, and potentially as a therapeutic agent for diabetes. This review discusses the bioactive effects of dietary trehalose, highlighting its promise in future industrial and scientific contributions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Modesto JL, Pearce VH, Townsend GE. Harnessing gut microbes for glycan detection and quantification. Nat Commun 2023; 14:275. [PMID: 36650134 PMCID: PMC9845299 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans facilitate critical biological functions and control the mammalian gut microbiota composition by supplying differentially accessible nutrients to distinct microbial subsets. Therefore, identifying unique glycan substrates that support defined microbial populations could inform therapeutic avenues to treat diseases via modulation of the gut microbiota composition and metabolism. However, examining heterogeneous glycan mixtures for individual microbial substrates is hindered by glycan structural complexity and diversity, which presents substantial challenges to glycomics approaches. Fortuitously, gut microbes encode specialized sensor proteins that recognize unique glycan structures and in-turn activate predictable, specific, and dynamic transcriptional responses. Here, we harness this microbial machinery to indicate the presence and abundance of compositionally similar, yet structurally distinct glycans, using a transcriptional reporter we develop. We implement these tools to examine glycan mixtures, isolate target molecules for downstream characterization, and quantify the recovered products. We assert that this toolkit could dramatically enhance our understanding of the mammalian intestinal environment and identify host-microbial interactions critical for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Modesto
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Penn State Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA.,Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Victoria H Pearce
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Penn State Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA.,Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Guy E Townsend
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. .,Penn State Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA. .,Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Esteban-Torres M, Ruiz L, Rossini V, Nally K, van Sinderen D. Intracellular glycogen accumulation by human gut commensals as a niche adaptation trait. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2235067. [PMID: 37526383 PMCID: PMC10395257 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2235067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a key contributor to host metabolism and physiology, thereby impacting in various ways on host health. This complex microbial community has developed many metabolic strategies to colonize, persist and survive in the gastrointestinal environment. In this regard, intracellular glycogen accumulation has been associated with important physiological functions in several bacterial species, including gut commensals. However, the role of glycogen storage in shaping the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota offers a novel perspective in gut microbiome research. Here, we review what is known about the enzymatic machinery and regulation of glycogen metabolism in selected enteric bacteria, while we also discuss its potential impact on colonization and adaptation to the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, we survey the presence of such glycogen biosynthesis pathways in gut metagenomic data to highlight the relevance of this metabolic trait in enhancing survival in the highly competitive and dynamic gut ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esteban-Torres
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Benefitial Microbes (MicroHealth Group), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Valerio Rossini
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken Nally
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pearce VH, Groisman EA, Townsend GE. Dietary sugars silence the master regulator of carbohydrate utilization in human gut Bacteroides species. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2221484. [PMID: 37358144 PMCID: PMC10294740 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2221484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian gut microbiota is a critical human health determinant with therapeutic potential for remediation of many diseases. The host diet is a key factor governing the gut microbiota composition by altering nutrient availability and supporting the expansion of distinct microbial populations. Diets rich in simple sugars modify the abundance of microbial subsets, enriching for microbiotas that elicit pathogenic outcomes. We previously demonstrated that diets rich in fructose and glucose can reduce the fitness and abundance of a human gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, by silencing the production of a critical intestinal colonization protein, called Roc, via its mRNA leader through an unknown mechanism. We have now determined that dietary sugars silence Roc by reducing the activity of BT4338, a master regulator of carbohydrate utilization. Here, we demonstrate that BT4338 is required for Roc synthesis, and that BT4338 activity is silenced by glucose or fructose. We show that the consequences of glucose and fructose on orthologous transcription factors are conserved across human intestinal Bacteroides species. This work identifies a molecular pathway by which a common dietary additive alters microbial gene expression in the gut that could be harnessed to modulate targeted microbial populations for future therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria H. Pearce
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Microbiome Center, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Eduardo A. Groisman
- Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guy E. Townsend
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Microbiome Center, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Microbial rewilding in the gut microbiomes of captive ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) in Madagascar. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22388. [PMID: 36575246 PMCID: PMC9794702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial rewilding, whereby exposure to naturalistic environments can modulate or augment gut microbiomes and improve host-microbe symbiosis, is being harnessed as an innovative approach to human health, one that may also have significant value to animal care and conservation. To test for microbial rewilding in animal microbiomes, we used a unique population of wild-born ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) that were initially held as illegal pets in unnatural settings and, subsequently, relocated to a rescue center in Madagascar where they live in naturalistic environments. Using amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing of lemur and environmental microbiomes, we found multiple lines of evidence for microbial rewilding in lemurs that were transitioned from unnatural to naturalistic environments: A lemur's duration of exposure to naturalistic settings significantly correlated with (a) increased compositional similarly to the gut communities of wild lemurs, (b) decreased proportions of antibiotic resistance genes that were likely acquired via human contact during pethood, and (c) greater covariation with soil microbiomes from natural habitats. Beyond the inherent psychosocial value of naturalistic environments, we find that actions, such as providing appropriate diets, minimizing contact with humans, and increasing exposure to natural environmental consortia, may assist in maximizing host-microbe symbiosis in animals under human care.
Collapse
|
13
|
Li C. Understanding interactions among diet, host and gut microbiota for personalized nutrition. Life Sci 2022; 312:121265. [PMID: 36473543 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human responses to the same diets may vary to a large extent, depending on the complex diet-host-microbiota interactions. Recent scientific advance has indicated that this diet-host-microbiota interaction could be quantified to develop strategies for improving individual health (personalized nutrition). Compared to the host related factors (which are difficult to manipulate), the gut microbiome is more readily modulated by dietary exposures and has important roles in affecting human health via the synthesis of various bioactive compounds and participating in the digestion and absorption process of macro- and micronutrients. Therefore, gut microbiota alterations induced by diets could possibly be utilized to improve human health in a targeted manner. However, limitations in the processing and analysis of 'big-data' concerning human microbiome still restrict the translational capacity of diet-host-microbiota interactions into tools to improve personalized human health. In the current review, recent advances in terms of understanding the specific diet-host-microbiota interactions were summarized, aiming to help the development of strategies for personalized nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Genth J, Kaleja P, Treitz C, Schäfer K, Graspeuntner S, Rupp J, Tholey A. The intracellular proteome of the gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is widely unaffected by a switch from glucose to sucrose as main carbohydrate source. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200189. [PMID: 35906788 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is a gram negative bacterium within the human gut microbiome that metabolizes a wide range of dietary and mucosal polysaccharides. Here, we analyze the proteome response of B. thetaiotaomicron cultivated on two different carbon sources, glucose and sucrose. Two quantitative LC-MS based proteomics approaches, encompassing label free quantification and isobaric labeling by tandem mass tags were applied. The results obtained by both workflows were compared with respect to the number of identified and quantified proteins, peptides supporting identification and quantification, sequence coverage, and reproducibility. A total of 1719 and 1696 proteins, respectively, were quantified, covering 35 % of the predicted B. thetaiotaomicron proteome. The data show that B. thetaiotaomicron widely maintains its intracellular proteome upon change of the carbohydrates and that major changes are observed solely in the machinery necessary to make use of the carbon sources provided. With respect to the central role of carbohydrates on gut health these data contribute to the understanding of how different carbohydrates contribute to shape bacterial community in the gut microbiome. All proteomics raw data have been uploaded to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD033704.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Genth
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrick Kaleja
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Treitz
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schäfer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Simon Graspeuntner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fan L, Zhu X, Sun S, Yu C, Huang X, Ness R, Dugan LL, Shu L, Seidner DL, Murff HJ, Fodor AA, Azcarate-Peril MA, Shrubsole MJ, Dai Q. Ca:Mg ratio, medium-chain fatty acids, and the gut microbiome. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2490-2499. [PMID: 36223712 PMCID: PMC9588659 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ketogenic medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) with profound health benefits are commonly found in dairy products, palm kernel oil and coconut oil. We hypothesize that magnesium (Mg) supplementation leads to enhanced gut microbial production of MCFAs and, in turn, increased circulating MCFAs levels. METHODS We tested this hypothesis in the Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial (PPCCT) (NCT01105169), a double-blind 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial enrolling 240 participants. Six 24-h dietary recalls were performed for all participants at the baseline and during the intervention period. Based on the baseline 24-h dietary recalls, the Mg treatment used a personalized dose of Mg supplementation that would reduce the calcium (Ca): Mg intake ratio to around 2.3. We measured plasma MCFAs, sugars, ketone bodies and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) metabolites using the Metabolon's global Precision Metabolomics™ LC-MS platform. Whole-genome shotgun metagenomics (WGS) sequencing was performed to assess microbiota in stool samples, rectal swabs, and rectal biopsies. RESULTS Personalized Mg treatment (mean dose 205.58 mg/day with a range from 77.25 to 389.55 mg/day) significantly increased the plasma levels of C7:0, C8:0, and combined C7:0 and C8:0 by 18.45%, 25.28%, and 24.20%, respectively, compared to 14.15%, 10.12%, and 12.62% decreases in the placebo arm. The effects remain significant after adjusting for age, sex, race and baseline level (P = 0.0126, P = 0.0162, and P = 0.0031, respectively) and FDR correction at 0.05 (q = 0.0324 for both C7:0 and C8:0). Mg treatment significantly reduced the plasma level of sucrose compared to the placebo arm (P = 0.0036 for multivariable-adjusted and P = 0.0216 for additional FDR correction model) whereas alterations in daily intakes of sucrose, fructose, glucose, maltose and C8:0 from baseline to the end of trial did not differ between two arms. Mediation analysis showed that combined C7:0 and C8:0 partially mediated the effects of Mg treatment on total and individual ketone bodies (P for indirect effect = 0.0045, 0.0043, and 0.03, respectively). The changes in plasma levels of C7:0 and C8:0 were significantly and positively correlated with the alterations in stool microbiome α diversity (r = 0.51, p = 0.0023 and r = 0.34, p = 0.0497, respectively) as well as in stool abundance for the signatures of MCFAs-related microbiota with acyl-ACP thioesterase gene producing C7:0 (r = 0.46, p = 0.0067) and C8:0 (r = 0.49, p = 0.003), respectively, following Mg treatment. CONCLUSIONS Optimizing Ca:Mg intake ratios to around 2.3 through 12-week personalized Mg supplementation leads to increased circulating levels of MCFAs (i.e. C7:0 and C8:0), which is attributed to enhanced production from gut microbial fermentation and, maybe, sucrose consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiangzhu Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reid Ness
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura L Dugan
- Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC), HSR&D Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lihua Shu
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas L Seidner
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgical Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Harvey J Murff
- Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC), HSR&D Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anthony A Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - M Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arnone D, Chabot C, Heba AC, Kökten T, Caron B, Hansmannel F, Dreumont N, Ananthakrishnan AN, Quilliot D, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Sugars and Gastrointestinal Health. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:1912-1924.e7. [PMID: 34902573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sugar overconsumption is linked to a rise in the incidence of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This increased incidence is becoming a real public health problem that is more severe than infectious diseases, contributing to 35 million deaths annually. Excessive intake of free sugars can cause many of the same health problems as excessive alcohol consumption. Many recent international recommendations have expressed concerns about sugar consumption in Westernized societies, as current consumption levels represent quantities with no precedent during hominin evolution. In both adults and children, the World Health Organization strongly recommends reducing free sugar intake to <10% of total energy intake and suggests a further reduction to below 5%. Most studies have focused on the deleterious effects of Western dietary patterns on global health and the intestine. Whereas excessive dietary fat consumption is well studied, the specific impact of sugar is poorly described, while refined sugars represent up to 40% of caloric intake within industrialized countries. However, high sugar intake is associated with multiple tissue and organ dysfunctions. Both hyperglycemia and excessive sugar intake disrupt the intestinal barrier, thus increasing gut permeability and causing profound gut microbiota dysbiosis, which results in a disturbance in mucosal immunity that enhances infection susceptibility. This review aims to highlight the roles of different types of dietary carbohydrates and the consequences of their excessive intake for intestinal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Djésia Arnone
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France; Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Caroline Chabot
- Inserm U1256, Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Child Medicine and Clinical Genetics, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Anne-Charlotte Heba
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Tunay Kökten
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Bénédicte Caron
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Franck Hansmannel
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Natacha Dreumont
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Didier Quilliot
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Department of Diabetology-Endocrinology-Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lai Y, Hayashi N, Lu TK. Engineering the human gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron with synthetic biology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 70:102178. [PMID: 35759819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in health and disease is attracting the attention of researchers seeking to engineer microorganisms for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Recent progress in synthetic biology may enable the dissection of host-microbiota interactions. Sophisticated genetic circuits that can sense, compute, memorize, and respond to signals have been developed for the stable commensal bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, dominant in the human gut. In this review, we highlight recent advances in expanding the genetic toolkit for B. thetaiotaomicron and foresee several applications of this species for microbiome engineering. We provide our perspective on the challenges and future opportunities for the engineering of human gut-associated bacteria as living therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lai
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Naoki Hayashi
- JSR-Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center (JKiC), JSR Corp., 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Senti Biosciences, 2 Corporate Drive South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The gastrointestinal ecosystem is formed from interactions between the host, indigenous gut microbiota, and external world. When colonizing the gut, bacteria must overcome barriers imposed by the intestinal environment, such as host immune responses and microbiota-mediated nutrient limitation. Thus, understanding bacterial colonization requires determining how the gut landscape interacts with microbes attempting to establish within the ecosystem. However, the complicated network of interactions between elements of the intestinal environment makes it challenging to uncover emergent properties of the system using only reductionist methods. A systems biology approach, which aims to investigate complex systems by examining the behavior and relationships of all elements of the system, may afford a more holistic perspective of the colonization process. Here, we examine the confluence between the gut landscape and bacterial colonization through the lens of systems biology. We offer an overview of the conceptual and methodological underpinnings of systems biology, followed by a discussion of key elements of the gut ecosystem as they pertain to bacterial establishment and growth. We conclude by reintegrating these elements to guide future comprehensive investigations of the ecosystem in the context of bacterial intestinal colonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R. Barron
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vincent B. Young
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hampson HE, Jones RB, Berger PK, Plows JF, Schmidt KA, Alderete TL, Goran MI. Adverse Effects of Infant Formula Made with Corn-Syrup Solids on the Development of Eating Behaviors in Hispanic Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051115. [PMID: 35268090 PMCID: PMC8912730 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the influence of infant formulas made with added corn-syrup solids on the development of child eating behaviors. We examined associations of breastmilk (BM), traditional formula (TF), and formula containing corn-syrup solids (CSSF) with changes in eating behaviors over a period of 2 years. Feeding type was assessed at 6 months in 115 mother−infant pairs. Eating behaviors were assessed at 12, 18 and 24 months. Repeated Measures ANCOVA was used to determine changes in eating behaviors over time as a function of feeding type. Food fussiness and enjoyment of food differed between the feeding groups (p < 0.05) and changed over time for CSSF and TF (p < 0.01). Food fussiness increased from 12 to 18 and 12 to 24 months for CSSF and from 12 to 24 months for TF (p < 0.01), while it remained stable for BM. Enjoyment of food decreased from 12 to 24 months for CSSF (p < 0.01), while it remained stable for TF and BM. There was an interaction between feeding type and time for food fussiness and enjoyment of food (p < 0.01). Our findings suggest that Hispanic infants consuming CSSF may develop greater food fussiness and reduced enjoyment of food in the first 2 years of life compared to BM-fed infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailey E. Hampson
- The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (H.E.H.); (R.B.J.); (P.K.B.); (J.F.P.); (K.A.S.)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Roshonda B. Jones
- The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (H.E.H.); (R.B.J.); (P.K.B.); (J.F.P.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Paige K. Berger
- The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (H.E.H.); (R.B.J.); (P.K.B.); (J.F.P.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Jasmine F. Plows
- The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (H.E.H.); (R.B.J.); (P.K.B.); (J.F.P.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Kelsey A. Schmidt
- The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (H.E.H.); (R.B.J.); (P.K.B.); (J.F.P.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Tanya L. Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;
| | - Michael I. Goran
- The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (H.E.H.); (R.B.J.); (P.K.B.); (J.F.P.); (K.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Boscaini S, Leigh SJ, Lavelle A, García-Cabrerizo R, Lipuma T, Clarke G, Schellekens H, Cryan JF. Microbiota and body weight control: Weight watchers within? Mol Metab 2022; 57:101427. [PMID: 34973469 PMCID: PMC8829807 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite several decades of research, managing body weight remains an unsolved clinical problem. Health problems associated with dysregulated body weight, such as obesity and cachexia, exhibit several gut microbiota alterations. There is an increased interest in utilising the gut microbiota for body weight control, as it responds to intervention and plays an important role in energy extraction from food, as well as biotransformation of nutrients. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW This review provides an overview of the role of the gut microbiota in the physiological and metabolic alterations observed in two body weight dysregulation-related disorders, namely obesity and cachexia. Second, we assess the available evidence for different strategies, including caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet, bariatric surgery, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, high-fibre diet, and fermented foods - effects on body weight and gut microbiota composition. This approach was used to give insights into the possible link between body weight control and gut microbiota configuration. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Despite extensive associations between body weight and gut microbiota composition, limited success could be achieved in the translation of microbiota-related interventions for body weight control in humans. Manipulation of the gut microbiota alone is insufficient to alter body weight and future research is needed with a combination of strategies to enhance the effects of lifestyle interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Boscaini
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Aonghus Lavelle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Timothy Lipuma
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yin D, Wang Y, Wang L, Wu Y, Bian X, Aggrey SE, Yuan J. Insights into the proteomic profile of newly harvested corn and metagenomic analysis of the broiler intestinal microbiota. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:26. [PMID: 35135621 PMCID: PMC8827200 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of newly harvested corn in feed causes wet droppings in broilers and increased feed cost which was termed as “new season grain problem”. The present study was conducted to evaluate the proteomic profile of newly harvested corn and the subsequent influence on intestinal microbiol community for broiler chickens. Methods Newly harvested corn stored for either half a month (HM) or two months (TM) was used, and the pasting properties, total soluble sugars, and proteomic analysis technology was used to explore the influence of storage on natural aging corn properties. Additionally, seventy-two 7-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicken were fed with different stored corn. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), digesta viscosity, intestinal morphology and microbiota were examined to explore the influence of feed corn storage on broiler chickens. Results Pasting properties in the TM corn exhibited decreased viscoelastic properties. Proteomic studies found a total of 26 proteins that were differentially expressed between the two treatment groups. Proteins involved in starch and polysaccharides biosynthesis were upregulated in TM compared with HM. Chickens fed on TM diet had higher relative energy utilization compared to the HM birds. With increased corn storage, the relative digesta viscosity decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05). The total number of goblet cells and lymphocytes was lower in chickens fed the TM diet. The microbiota data showed that the TM chickens had decreased abundance of diarrheal bacteria such as Hungatella hathewayi and Bacteroides fragilis, and increased butyrate-producing bacteria such as Alistipes compared to the HM chickens. Conclusions Storage of newly harvested corn induced the synthetic reaction of large molecules and changed the solubility of starch and protein with increasing soluble sugars and decreasing pasting properties that may improve the fermentation of intestinal microbiota, improve the energy utilization and protect gut health without the risk of diarrhea. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00656-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Yin
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Youli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Samuel E Aggrey
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Onyango SO, Juma J, De Paepe K, Van de Wiele T. Oral and Gut Microbial Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Landscape in Health and Disease. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:653448. [PMID: 34956106 PMCID: PMC8702856 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.653448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual variability in the microbial gene complement encoding for carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) can profoundly regulate how the host interacts with diverse carbohydrate sources thereby influencing host health. CAZy-typing, characterizing the microbiota-associated CAZyme-coding genes within a host individual, can be a useful tool to predict carbohydrate pools that the host can metabolize, or identify which CAZyme families are underrepresented requiring supplementation via microbiota transplantation or probiotics. CAZy-typing, moreover, provides a novel framework to search for disease biomarkers. As a proof of concept, we used publicly available metagenomes (935) representing 310 type strain bacterial genomes to establish the link between disease status and CAZymes in the oral and gut microbial ecosystem. The abundance and distribution of 220 recovered CAZyme families in saliva and stool samples from patients with colorectal cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes were compared with healthy subjects. Based on the multivariate discriminant analysis, the disease phenotype did not alter the CAZyme profile suggesting a functional conservation in carbohydrate metabolism in a disease state. When disease and healthy CAZyme profiles were contrasted in differential analysis, CAZyme markers that were underrepresented in type 1 diabetes (15), colorectal cancer (12), and rheumatoid arthritis (5) were identified. Of interest, are the glycosyltransferase which can catalyze the synthesis of glycoconjugates including lipopolysaccharides with the potential to trigger inflammation, a common feature in many diseases. Our analysis has also confirmed the expansive carbohydrate metabolism in the gut as evidenced by the overrepresentation of CAZyme families in the gut compared to the oral site. Nevertheless, each site exhibited specific CAZyme markers. Taken together, our analysis provides an insight into the CAZyme landscape in health and disease and has demonstrated the diversity in carbohydrate metabolism in host-microbiota which can be a sound basis for optimizing the selection of pre, pro, and syn-biotic candidate products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley O Onyango
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Juma
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kim De Paepe
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wilder-Smith C, Lee SH, Olesen SS, Low JY, Kioh DYQ, Ferraris R, Materna A, Chan ECY. Fructose intolerance is not associated with malabsorption in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14150. [PMID: 33844393 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms following fructose ingestion, or fructose intolerance, are common in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and are generally attributed to intestinal malabsorption. The relationships between absorption, symptoms, and intestinal gas production following fructose ingestion were studied in patients with FGID. METHODS Thirty FGID patients ingested a single dose of fructose 35 g or water in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Blood and breath gas samples were collected, and gastrointestinal symptoms rated. Plasma fructose metabolites and short-chain fatty acids were quantified by targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Patients were classified as fructose intolerant or tolerant based on symptoms following fructose ingestion. KEY RESULTS The median (IQR) areas under the curve of fructose plasma concentrations within the first 2 h (AUC0-2 h ) after fructose ingestion were similar for patients with and without fructose intolerance (578 (70) µM·h vs. 564 (240) µM·h, respectively, p = 0.39), as well as for the main fructose metabolites. There were no statistically significant correlations between the AUC0-2 h of fructose or its metabolites concentrations and the AUCs of symptoms, breath hydrogen, and breath methane. However, the AUCs of symptoms correlated significantly and positively with the AUC0-2 h of hydrogen and methane breath concentrations (r = 0.73, r = 0.62, respectively), and the AUCs of hydrogen and methane concentrations were greater in the fructose-intolerant than in the fructose-tolerant patients after fructose ingestion (p ≤ 0.02). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Fructose intolerance in FGID is not related to post-ingestion plasma concentrations of fructose and its metabolites. Factors other than malabsorption, such as altered gut microbiota or sensory function, may be important mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clive Wilder-Smith
- Gastroenterology Group Practice, Brain-Gut Research Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sze Han Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Søren Schou Olesen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jing Yi Low
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Ronaldo Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Andrea Materna
- Gastroenterology Group Practice, Brain-Gut Research Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Adams AND, Azam MS, Costliow ZA, Ma X, Degnan PH, Vanderpool CK. A Novel Family of RNA-Binding Proteins Regulate Polysaccharide Metabolism in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0021721. [PMID: 34251866 PMCID: PMC8508124 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00217-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiome composition is constantly changing, and diet is a major driver of these changes. Gut microbial species that persist in mammalian hosts for long periods of time must possess mechanisms for sensing and adapting to nutrient shifts to avoid being outcompeted. Global regulatory mechanisms mediated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that govern responses to nutrient shifts have been characterized in Proteobacteria and Firmicutes but remain undiscovered in the Bacteroidetes. Here, we report the identification of RBPs that are broadly distributed across the Bacteroidetes, with many genomes encoding multiple copies. Genes encoding these RBPs are highly expressed in many Bacteroides species. A purified RBP, RbpB, from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron binds to single-stranded RNA in vitro with an affinity similar to other characterized regulatory RBPs. B. thetaiotaomicron mutants lacking RBPs show dramatic shifts in expression of polysaccharide utilization and capsular polysaccharide loci, suggesting that these RBPs may act as global regulators of polysaccharide metabolism. A B. thetaiotaomicron ΔrbpB mutant shows a growth defect on dietary sugars belonging to the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs). The ΔrbpB mutant had reduced expression of BT1871, encoding a predicted RFO-degrading melibiase, compared to the wild-type strain. Mutation of BT1871 confirmed that the enzyme it encodes is essential for growth on melibiose and promotes growth on the RFOs raffinose and stachyose. Our data reveal that RbpB is required for optimal expression of BT1871 and other polysaccharide-related genes, suggesting that we have identified an important new family of global regulatory proteins in the Bacteroidetes. IMPORTANCE The human colon houses hundreds of bacterial species, including many belonging to the genus Bacteroides, that aid in breaking down our food to keep us healthy. Bacteroides have many genes responsible for breaking down different dietary carbohydrates, and complex regulatory mechanisms ensure that specific genes are only expressed when the right carbohydrates are available. In this study, we discovered that Bacteroides use a family of RNA-binding proteins as global regulators to coordinate expression of carbohydrate utilization genes. The ability to turn different carbohydrate utilization genes on and off in response to changing nutrient conditions is critical for Bacteroides to live successfully in the gut, and thus the new regulators we have identified may be important for life in the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. D. Adams
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Muhammad S. Azam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Zachary A. Costliow
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiangqian Ma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick H. Degnan
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Carin K. Vanderpool
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pudlo NA, Martens EC. Small RNAs Go Global in Human Gut Bacteroides. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0038321. [PMID: 34370557 PMCID: PMC8508101 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00383-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The last two decades have seen numerous studies connecting physiological behaviors in Bacteroides-including polysaccharide degradation and capsule production-with elements of global regulation, but a complete model is still elusive. A new study by Adams et al. in this issue of the Journal of Bacteriology reveals another layer of regulation by describing a novel family of RNA-binding proteins in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron that modify expression of genes involved in carbohydrate utilization and capsule expression, among others (A. N. D. Adams, M. S. Azam, Z. A. Costliow, X. Ma, et al., J Bacteriol 203:e00217-21, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00217-21).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Pudlo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric C. Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mehta S, Huey SL, McDonald D, Knight R, Finkelstein JL. Nutritional Interventions and the Gut Microbiome in Children. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 41:479-510. [PMID: 34283919 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-021020-025755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an integral role in health and disease, and diet is a major driver of its composition, diversity, and functional capacity. Given the dynamic development of the gut microbiome in infants and children, it is critical to address two major questions: (a) Can diet modify the composition, diversity, or function of the gut microbiome, and (b) will such modification affect functional/clinical outcomes including immune function, cognitive development, and overall health? We synthesize the evidence on the effect of nutritional interventions on the gut microbiome in infants and children across 26 studies. Findings indicate the need to study older children, assess the whole intestinal tract, and harmonize methods and interpretation of findings, which are critical for informing meaningful clinical and public health practice. These findings are relevant for precision health, may help identify windows of opportunity for intervention, and may inform the design and delivery of such interventions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Mehta
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; .,Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Samantha L Huey
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Center for Microbiome Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Departments of Bioengineering and Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Julia L Finkelstein
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; .,Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Matos J, Matos I, Calha M, Santos P, Duarte I, Cardoso Y, Faleiro ML. Insights from Bacteroides Species in Children with Type 1 Diabetes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1436. [PMID: 34361871 PMCID: PMC8306409 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study the enrichment of the intestinal proteome of type 1 diabetes (T1D) children with Bacteroides proteins was observed, which led us to our current study that aimed to isolate and characterize Bacteroides species from fecal samples of T1D and control children. Repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) was used for typing the isolated Bacteroides species. The antibiotic susceptibility and mucinolytic activity of the isolates was determined. The quantification of specific bacterial groups in the fecal samples was determined by qPCR. The ability to adhere and invade the human colonic cell line HT29-MTX-E12 of strains of P. dorei, B. uniformis and P. distasonis was determined and their whole genome sequencing was performed. The results showed similar numbers of Bacteroides species in T1D and control samples, but unique Bacteroides species and a higher recovery of P. distasonis from T1D samples was observed. Rep-PCR grouped the different Bacteroides species, but no discrimination by origin was achieved. T1D children showed a significant increase in Proteobacteria and a depletion in Lactobacillus sp. All tested P. dorei, B. uniformis and P. distasonis were able to adhere to HT29-MTX-E12 cells but significant differences (p < 0.05) in the ability to invade was observed. The highest ability to invade was exhibited by P. distasonis PtF D14MH1 and P. dorei PtFD16P1, while B. uniformis strains were unable to invade. The damage to tight junctions was also observed. The presence of Lactobacillus sp. inhibited the invasion ability of P. distasonis PtF D14MH1 but not P. dorei PtFD16P1. Sequences of agonist peptides of the human natural preproinsulin and the insulin B chain insB:9-23 peptide mimics were identified. The results reported in our study stresses the continued efforts required to clarify the link between T1D and gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Matos
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, C8, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (J.M.); (I.M.); (P.S.); (Y.C.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Matos
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, C8, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (J.M.); (I.M.); (P.S.); (Y.C.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Manuela Calha
- Unidade de Diabetologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, 8000-386 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, C8, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (J.M.); (I.M.); (P.S.); (Y.C.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Duarte
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Yameric Cardoso
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, C8, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (J.M.); (I.M.); (P.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Maria Leonor Faleiro
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, C8, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (J.M.); (I.M.); (P.S.); (Y.C.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The Microbiota and the Gut-Brain Axis in Controlling Food Intake and Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115830. [PMID: 34072450 PMCID: PMC8198395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity currently represents a major societal and health challenge worldwide. Its prevalence has reached epidemic proportions and trends continue to rise, reflecting the need for more effective preventive measures. Hypothalamic circuits that control energy homeostasis in response to food intake are interesting targets for body-weight management, for example, through interventions that reinforce the gut-to-brain nutrient signalling, whose malfunction contributes to obesity. Gut microbiota-diet interactions might interfere in nutrient sensing and signalling from the gut to the brain, where the information is processed to control energy homeostasis. This gut microbiota-brain crosstalk is mediated by metabolites, mainly short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids or amino acids-derived metabolites and subcellular bacterial components. These activate gut-endocrine and/or neural-mediated pathways or pass to systemic circulation and then reach the brain. Feeding time and dietary composition are the main drivers of the gut microbiota structure and function. Therefore, aberrant feeding patterns or unhealthy diets might alter gut microbiota-diet interactions and modify nutrient availability and/or microbial ligands transmitting information from the gut to the brain in response to food intake, thus impairing energy homeostasis. Herein, we update the scientific evidence supporting that gut microbiota is a source of novel dietary and non-dietary biological products that may beneficially regulate gut-to-brain communication and, thus, improve metabolic health. Additionally, we evaluate how the feeding time and dietary composition modulate the gut microbiota and, thereby, the intraluminal availability of these biological products with potential effects on energy homeostasis. The review also identifies knowledge gaps and the advances required to clinically apply microbiome-based strategies to improve the gut-brain axis function and, thus, combat obesity.
Collapse
|
29
|
Du J, Zayed AA, Kigerl KA, Zane K, Sullivan MB, Popovich PG. Spinal Cord Injury Changes the Structure and Functional Potential of Gut Bacterial and Viral Communities. mSystems 2021; 6:e01356-20. [PMID: 33975974 PMCID: PMC8125080 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01356-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data indicate that gut dysbiosis contributes to many human diseases, including several comorbidities that develop after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). To date, all analyses of SCI-induced gut dysbiosis have used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. This technique has several limitations, including being susceptible to taxonomic "blind spots," primer bias, and an inability to profile microbiota functions or identify viruses. Here, SCI-induced gut dysbiosis was assessed by applying genome- and gene-resolved metagenomic analysis of murine stool samples collected 21 days after an experimental SCI at the 4th thoracic spine (T4) or 10th thoracic spine (T10) spinal level. These distinct injuries partially (T10) or completely (T4) abolish sympathetic tone in the gut. Among bacteria, 105 medium- to high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were recovered, with most (n = 96) representing new bacterial species. Read mapping revealed that after SCI, the relative abundance of beneficial commensals (Lactobacillus johnsonii and CAG-1031 spp.) decreased, while potentially pathogenic bacteria (Weissella cibaria, Lactococcus lactis _A, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) increased. Functionally, microbial genes encoding proteins for tryptophan, vitamin B6, and folate biosynthesis, essential pathways for central nervous system function, were reduced after SCI. Among viruses, 1,028 mostly novel viral populations were recovered, expanding known murine gut viral species sequence space ∼3-fold compared to that of public databases. Phages of beneficial commensal hosts (CAG-1031, Lactobacillus, and Turicibacter) decreased, while phages of pathogenic hosts (Weissella, Lactococcus, and class Clostridia) increased after SCI. Although the microbiomes and viromes were changed in all SCI mice, some of these changes varied as a function of spinal injury level, implicating loss of sympathetic tone as a mechanism underlying gut dysbiosis.IMPORTANCE To our knowledge, this is the first article to apply metagenomics to characterize changes in gut microbial population dynamics caused by a clinically relevant model of central nervous system (CNS) trauma. It also utilizes the most current approaches in genome-resolved metagenomics and viromics to maximize the biological inferences that can be made from these data. Overall, this article highlights the importance of autonomic nervous system regulation of a distal organ (gut) and its microbiome inhabitants after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). By providing information on taxonomy, function, and viruses, metagenomic data may better predict how SCI-induced gut dysbiosis influences systemic and neurological outcomes after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Du
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmed A Zayed
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristina A Kigerl
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kylie Zane
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Coker JK, Moyne O, Rodionov DA, Zengler K. Carbohydrates great and small, from dietary fiber to sialic acids: How glycans influence the gut microbiome and affect human health. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-18. [PMID: 33615984 PMCID: PMC7899658 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1869502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome composition depends heavily upon diet and has strong ties to human health. Dietary carbohydrates shape the gut microbiome by providing a potent nutrient source for particular microbes. This review explores how dietary carbohydrates in general, including individual monosaccharides and complex polysaccharides, influence the gut microbiome with subsequent effects on host health and disease. In particular, the effects of sialic acids, a prominent and influential class of monosaccharides, are discussed. Complex plant carbohydrates, such as dietary fiber, generally promote microbial production of compounds beneficial to the host while preventing degradation of host carbohydrates from colonic mucus. In contrast, simple and easily digestible sugars such as glucose are often associated with adverse effects on health and the microbiome. The monosaccharide class of sialic acids exerts a powerful but nuanced effect on gut microbiota. Sialic acid consumption (in monosaccharide form, or as part of human milk oligosaccharides or certain animal-based foods) drives the growth of organisms with sialic acid metabolism capabilities. Minor chemical modifications of Neu5Ac, the most common form of sialic acid, can alter these effects. All aspects of carbohydrate composition are therefore relevant to consider when designing dietary therapeutic strategies to alter the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Coker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Oriane Moyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Dmitry A. Rodionov
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, USA
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Karsten Zengler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
High-Fructose Diet Increases Inflammatory Cytokines and Alters Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6672636. [PMID: 33312070 PMCID: PMC7721508 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6672636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fructose diet induced changes in gut microbiota structure and function, which have been linked to inflammatory response. However, the effect of small or appropriate doses of fructose on gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokines is not fully understood. Hence, the abundance changes of gut microbiota in fructose-treated Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The effects of fructose diet on metabolic disorders were evaluated by blood biochemical parameter test, histological analysis, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis, ELISA analysis, and Western blot. Rats were intragastrically administered with pure fructose at the dose of 0 (Con), 2.6 (Fru-L), 5.3 (Fru-M), and 10.5 g/kg/day (Fru-H) for 20 weeks. The results showed that there were 36.5% increase of uric acid level in the Fru-H group when compared with the Con group. The serum proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and MIP-2) were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with fructose treatment. A higher fructose intake induced lipid accumulation in the liver and inflammatory cell infiltration in the pancreas and colon and increased the abundances of Lachnospira, Parasutterella, Marvinbryantia, and Blantia in colonic contents. Fructose intake increased the expressions of lipid accumulation proteins including perilipin-1, ADRP, and Tip-47 in the colon. Moreover, the higher level intake of fructose impaired intestinal barrier function due to the decrease of the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin). In summary, there were no negative effects on body weight, fasting blood glucose, gut microbiota, and SCFAs in colonic contents of rats when fructose intake is in small or appropriate doses. High intake of fructose can increase uric acid, proinflammatory cytokines, intestinal permeability, and lipid accumulation in the liver and induce inflammatory response in the pancreas and colon.
Collapse
|
32
|
Campos-Ramírez C, Ramírez-Amaya V, Olalde-Mendoza L, Palacios-Delgado J, Anaya-Loyola MA. Soft Drink Consumption in Young Mexican Adults Is Associated with Higher Total Body Fat Percentage in Men but Not in Women. Foods 2020; 9:E1760. [PMID: 33260727 PMCID: PMC7761352 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A high consumption of soft drinks (SDs) has been linked with the development of anthropometric and metabolic alterations. We evaluate the association between SD consumption and some anthropometric and metabolic variables. This study is an observational study, using a sample of 394 university students, of which 158 were men (40.1%) and 238 women (59.9%), between 18 and 30 years. An SD intake questionnaire provided the consumption of different SDs. The participants' weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences were collected. Metabolic biomarkers were analyzed. The average intake of caloric SDs (CSDs) was 1193.6 ± 1534.8 mL/week and 84.5 ± 115.02 mL/week for non-caloric SDs (NCSDs). Sex differences were found in the amount of SD consumption and these statistical differences were driven by those men subjects with a high total body fat percentage (TBF%). In men, correlations were found between the intake of CSDs and the body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, TBF%, and visceral fat percentage. In woman, a correlation was found with glucose and triglycerides. The prediction model revealed that the intake of CSDs predicts TBF% and low-density lipoprotein only in men. A high amount of CSD consumption in men was associated with a high TBF%, and this may be predictive of future development of metabolic abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Campos-Ramírez
- Program of Biological Science, Department of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (C.C.-R.); (L.O.-M.)
| | - Víctor Ramírez-Amaya
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Friuli 2434, Colinas de Vélez Sarsfield, Córdoba 5016, Argentina;
| | - Liliana Olalde-Mendoza
- Program of Biological Science, Department of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (C.C.-R.); (L.O.-M.)
| | - Jorge Palacios-Delgado
- University of Mexican Valley-Campus Juriquilla, Blvd. Juriquilla 1000 Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Miriam Aracely Anaya-Loyola
- Department of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Atypical immunometabolism and metabolic reprogramming in liver cancer: Deciphering the role of gut microbiome. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 149:171-255. [PMID: 33579424 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Much recent research has delved into understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of HCC pathogenesis, which has revealed to be heterogenous and complex. Two major hallmarks of HCC include: (i) a hijacked immunometabolism and (ii) a reprogramming in metabolic processes. We posit that the gut microbiota is a third component in an entanglement triangle contributing to HCC progression. Besides metagenomic studies highlighting the diagnostic potential in the gut microbiota profile, recent research is pinpointing the gut microbiota as an instigator, not just a mere bystander, in HCC. In this chapter, we discuss mechanistic insights on atypical immunometabolism and metabolic reprogramming in HCC, including the examination of tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (e.g., T-cell exhaustion, regulatory T-cells, natural killer T-cells), the Warburg effect, rewiring of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and glutamine addiction. We further discuss the potential involvement of the gut microbiota in these characteristics of hepatocarcinogenesis. An immediate highlight is that microbiota metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids) can impair anti-tumor responses, which aggravates HCC. Lastly, we describe the rising 'new era' of immunotherapies (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell transfer) and discuss for the potential incorporation of gut microbiota targeted therapeutics (e.g., probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation) to alleviate HCC. Altogether, this chapter invigorates for continuous research to decipher the role of gut microbiome in HCC from its influence on immunometabolism and metabolic reprogramming.
Collapse
|
34
|
Glowacki RWP, Martens EC. If you eat it, or secrete it, they will grow: the expanding list of nutrients utilized by human gut bacteria. J Bacteriol 2020; 203:JB.00481-20. [PMID: 33168637 PMCID: PMC8092160 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00481-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to persist, successful bacterial inhabitants of the human gut need to adapt to changing nutrient conditions, which are influenced by host diet and a variety of other factors. For members of the Bacteroidetes and several other phyla, this has resulted in diversification of a variety of enzyme-based systems that equip them to sense and utilize carbohydrate-based nutrients from host, diet, and bacterial origin. In this review, we focus first on human gut Bacteroides and describe recent findings regarding polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) and the mechanisms of the multi-protein systems they encode, including their regulation and the expanding diversity of substrates that they target. Next, we highlight previously understudied substrates such as monosaccharides, nucleosides, and Maillard reaction products that can also affect the gut microbiota by feeding symbionts that possess specific systems for their metabolism. Since some pathogens preferentially utilize these nutrients, they may represent nutrient niches competed for by commensals and pathogens. Finally, we address recent work to describe nutrient acquisition mechanisms in other important gut species such as those belonging to the Gram-positive anaerobic phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, as well as the Proteobacteria Because gut bacteria contribute to many aspects of health and disease, we showcase advances in the field of synthetic biology, which seeks to engineer novel, diet-controlled nutrient utilization pathways within gut symbionts to create rationally designed live therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. P. Glowacki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric C. Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ramne S, Brunkwall L, Ericson U, Gray N, Kuhnle GGC, Nilsson PM, Orho-Melander M, Sonestedt E. Gut microbiota composition in relation to intake of added sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages and artificially sweetened beverages in the Malmö Offspring Study. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:2087-2097. [PMID: 33030577 PMCID: PMC8137620 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been suggested that a high intake of sugar or sweeteners may result in an unfavorable microbiota composition; however, evidence is lacking. Hence, in this exploratory epidemiological study, we aim to examine if intake of added sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) or artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) associate with the gut microbiota composition. METHODS Participants (18-70 years) in the Malmö Offspring Study have provided blood, urine, and fecal samples and completed both web-based 4 day food records and short food frequency questionnaires. The gut microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing, processed in QIIME and matched to Greengenes (v.13.8), giving 64 included genera after filtering. Intake of added sugar (n = 1371) (also supported by the overnight urinary sugar biomarker in a subgroup n = 577), SSBs (n = 1086) and ASBs (n = 1085) were examined as exposures in negative binomial regressions. RESULTS Various genera nominally associated with intake of added sugar, SSBs, and ASBs. Only the negative association between SSB intake and Lachnobacterium remained significant after multiple testing correction. A positive association between SSB intake and the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio was also observed. CONCLUSION In this wide population, the cross-sectional associations between added sugar and sweet beverage intake and the gut microbiota are modest, but the results suggest that SSB intake is associated negatively with the genus Lachnobacterium and positively with the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio. Larger studies, preferably using metagenomic sequencing, are needed to further evaluate if a link exists between intake of sugars and sweeteners and the human gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stina Ramne
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Louise Brunkwall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nicola Gray
- Center of Computational and Systems Medicine, Australian National Phenome Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Gunter G C Kuhnle
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ryan D, Prezza G, Westermann AJ. An RNA-centric view on gut Bacteroidetes. Biol Chem 2020; 402:55-72. [PMID: 33544493 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria employ noncoding RNAs to maintain cellular physiology, adapt global gene expression to fluctuating environments, sense nutrients, coordinate their interaction with companion microbes and host cells, and protect themselves against bacteriophages. While bacterial RNA research has made fundamental contributions to biomedicine and biotechnology, the bulk of our knowledge of RNA biology stems from the study of a handful of aerobic model species. In comparison, RNA research is lagging in many medically relevant obligate anaerobic species, in particular the numerous commensal bacteria comprising our gut microbiota. This review presents a guide to RNA-based regulatory mechanisms in the phylum Bacteroidetes, focusing on the most abundant bacterial genus in the human gut, Bacteroides spp. This includes recent case reports on riboswitches, an mRNA leader, cis- and trans-encoded small RNAs (sRNAs) in Bacteroides spp., and a survey of CRISPR-Cas systems across Bacteroidetes. Recent work from our laboratory now suggests the existence of hundreds of noncoding RNA candidates in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, the emerging model organism for functional microbiota research. Based on these collective observations, we predict mechanistic and functional commonalities and differences between Bacteroides sRNAs and those of other model bacteria, and outline open questions and tools needed to boost Bacteroidetes RNA research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ryan
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Josef-Schneider-Str. 2/D15, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gianluca Prezza
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Josef-Schneider-Str. 2/D15, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander J Westermann
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Josef-Schneider-Str. 2/D15, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2/D15, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ahn IS, Lang JM, Olson CA, Diamante G, Zhang G, Ying Z, Byun HR, Cely I, Ding J, Cohn P, Kurtz I, Gomez-Pinilla F, Lusis AJ, Hsiao EY, Yang X. Host Genetic Background and Gut Microbiota Contribute to Differential Metabolic Responses to Fructose Consumption in Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:2716-2728. [PMID: 32856048 PMCID: PMC7549307 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear how high fructose consumption induces disparate metabolic responses in genetically diverse mouse strains. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether the gut microbiota contributes to differential metabolic responses to fructose. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/2J (DBA), and FVB/NJ (FVB) mice were given 8% fructose solution or regular water (control) for 12 wk. The gut microbiota composition in cecum and feces was analyzed using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, and permutational multivariate ANOVA (PERMANOVA) was used to compare community across mouse strains, treatments, and time points. Microbiota abundance was correlated with metabolic phenotypes and host gene expression in hypothalamus, liver, and adipose tissues using Biweight midcorrelation. To test the causal role of the gut microbiota in determining fructose response, we conducted fecal transplants from B6 to DBA mice and vice versa for 4 wk, as well as gavaged antibiotic-treated DBA mice with Akkermansia for 9 wk, accompanied with or without fructose treatment. RESULTS Compared with B6 and FVB, DBA mice had significantly higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and lower baseline abundance of Akkermansia and S24-7 (P < 0.05), accompanied by metabolic dysregulation after fructose consumption. Fructose altered specific microbial taxa in individual mouse strains, such as a 7.27-fold increase in Akkermansia in B6 and 0.374-fold change in Rikenellaceae in DBA (false discovery rate <5%), which demonstrated strain-specific correlations with host metabolic and transcriptomic phenotypes. Fecal transplant experiments indicated that B6 microbes conferred resistance to fructose-induced weight gain in DBA mice (F = 43.1, P < 0.001), and Akkermansia colonization abrogated the fructose-induced weight gain (F = 17.8, P < 0.001) and glycemic dysfunctions (F = 11.8, P = 0.004) in DBA mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that differential microbiota composition between mouse strains is partially responsible for host metabolic sensitivity to fructose, and that Akkermansia is a key bacterium that confers resistance to fructose-induced metabolic dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In Sook Ahn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christine A Olson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graciel Diamante
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guanglin Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhe Ying
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hyae Ran Byun
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid Cely
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Ding
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Cohn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ira Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Y Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Address correspondence to XY (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ye M, Yu J, Shi X, Zhu J, Gao X, Liu W. Polysaccharides catabolism by the human gut bacterium - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron: advances and perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3569-3588. [PMID: 32779480 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1803198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the degradation processes of polysaccharides by human gut microbiota are receiving considerable attention due to the discoveries of the powerful function of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota has developed a sensitive, accurate, and complex system for sensing, capturing, and degrading different polysaccharides. Among the gut microbiota, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a representative species of Bacteroides, is considered as the best degrader of polysaccharides and a potential probiotic in pharmaceutical and food industries. Here, we summarize the degradation system of B. thetaiotaomicron and the degradation pathways of different polysaccharides by B. thetaiotaomicron. We also describe a technical route for investigating a specific polysaccharide degradation pathway by human gut bacteria. In addition, we also provide the future perspectives in the development of novel polysaccharides or oligosaccharides drugs, precision microbiology medicine, and personalized nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Juping Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xuexia Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, PR China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kolodny O, Schulenburg H. Microbiome-mediated plasticity directs host evolution along several distinct time scales. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190589. [PMID: 32772662 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-associated microbiomes influence their host's fitness in myriad ways and can be viewed as a source of phenotypic plasticity. This plasticity may allow the host to accommodate novel environmental challenges and thus influence the host's evolutionary adaptation. As with other modalities of phenotypic plasticity in phenomena such as the Baldwin effect and genetic assimilation, the microbiome-mediated plasticity may influence host genetic adaptation by facilitating and accelerating it, by slowing it down, or even by preventing it. The dynamics involved are likely more complex than those of previously studied phenomena related to phenotypic plasticity, and involve different processes on each time scale, such as acquired recognition of newly associated microbes by the host's immune system on single- and multiple-generation time scales, or selection on transmission dynamics of microbes between hosts, acting on longer time scales. To date, it is unclear if and how any of these processes shape host evolution. This opinion piece article provides a conceptual framework for considering the processes by which microbiome-mediated plasticity directs host evolution and concludes with suggestions for key experimental tests of the presented ideas. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of the microbiome in host evolution'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oren Kolodny
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Giv'at Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hinrich Schulenburg
- Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
A high-resolution transcriptome map identifies small RNA regulation of metabolism in the gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3557. [PMID: 32678091 PMCID: PMC7366714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Bacteroides are common members of the human intestinal microbiota and important degraders of polysaccharides in the gut. Among them, the species Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron has emerged as the model organism for functional microbiota research. Here, we use differential RNA sequencing (dRNA-seq) to generate a single-nucleotide resolution transcriptome map of B. thetaiotaomicron grown under defined laboratory conditions. An online browser, called ‘Theta-Base’ (www.helmholtz-hiri.de/en/datasets/bacteroides), is launched to interrogate the obtained gene expression data and annotations of ~4500 transcription start sites, untranslated regions, operon structures, and 269 noncoding RNA elements. Among the latter is GibS, a conserved, 145 nt-long small RNA that is highly expressed in the presence of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as sole carbon source. We use computational predictions and experimental data to determine the secondary structure of GibS and identify its target genes. Our results indicate that sensing of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine induces GibS expression, which in turn modifies the transcript levels of metabolic enzymes. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is a human gut microbe and an emergent model organism. Here, Ryan et al. generate single-nucleotide resolution RNA-seq data for this bacterium and map transcription start sites and noncoding RNAs, one of which modulates expression of metabolic enzymes.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hashimoto Y, Hamaguchi M, Kaji A, Sakai R, Osaka T, Inoue R, Kashiwagi S, Mizushima K, Uchiyama K, Takagi T, Naito Y, Fukui M. Intake of sucrose affects gut dysbiosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:1623-1634. [PMID: 32412684 PMCID: PMC7610116 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Gut dysbiosis is generally associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the effect of habitual dietary intake on gut dysbiosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has not yet been explicated. This study investigated whether alteration of the gut microbiota was influenced by dietary intake of sucrose in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods In this cross‐sectional study, 97 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 97 healthy individuals were matched by age and sex, and then, fecal samples were obtained. Next‐generation sequencing of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene was carried out, and functional profiles for the gut microbiota were analyzed. We selected the top 30 gut microbial genera and top 20 functional profiles for the gut microbiota specified by the weighted average difference method. The association between gut microbial genera or functional profiles and habitual dietary intake was investigated by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and then, clustering analysis was carried out to clarify the impact of habitual dietary intake. Results The Actinobacteria phylum was highly abundant in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, whereas the Bacteroidetes phylum was less abundant. Diabetic‐type gut microbes, specifically Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, were altered by sucrose intake at the genus level. Furthermore, sucrose intake was associated with glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in the diabetic‐type functional profiles of the gut microbiota. Conclusions The gut microbiota and functional profiles for the gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were significantly different from those in healthy individuals. Furthermore, we showed that sucrose intake was closely associated with these differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kaji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sakai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Osaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Science, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Saori Kashiwagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department for Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Di Rienzi SC, Britton RA. Adaptation of the Gut Microbiota to Modern Dietary Sugars and Sweeteners. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:616-629. [PMID: 31696209 PMCID: PMC7231582 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of sugar has become central to the Western diet. Cost and health concerns associated with sucrose spurred the development and consumption of other sugars and sweeteners, with the average American consuming 10 times more sugar than 100 y ago. In this review, we discuss how gut microbes are affected by changes in the consumption of sugars and other sweeteners through transcriptional, abundance, and genetic adaptations. We propose that these adaptations result in microbes taking on different metabolic, ecological, and genetic profiles along the intestinal tract. We suggest novel approaches to assess the consequences of these changes on host-microbe interactions to determine the safety of novel sugars and sweeteners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Di Rienzi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Host-microbiota interaction helps to explain the bottom-up effects of climate change on a small rodent species. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:1795-1808. [PMID: 32313262 PMCID: PMC7305154 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The population cycles of small rodents have puzzled biologists for centuries. There is a growing recognition of the cascading effects of climate change on the population dynamics of rodents. However, the ultimate cause for the bottom-up effects of precipitation is poorly understood, from a microbial perspective. Here, we conducted a precipitation manipulation experiment in the field, and three feeding trials with controlled diets in the laboratory. We found precipitation supplementation facilitated the recovery of a perennial rhizomatous grass (Leymus chinensis) species, which altered the diet composition and increase the intake of fructose and fructooligosaccharides for Brandt’s vole. Lab results showed that this nutrient shift was accompanied by the modulation of gut microbiota composition and functional pathways (especially for the degradation or biosynthesis of L-histidine). Particularly, the relative abundance of Eubacterium hallii was consistently increased after feeding voles with more L. chinensis, fructose or fructooligosaccharide. These modulations ultimately increased the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and boosted the growth of vole. This study provides evidence that the precipitation pulses cascades through the plant community to affect rodent gut microbiome. Our results highlight the importance of considering host-microbiota interaction when investigating rodent population responses to climate change.
Collapse
|
44
|
Townsend GE, Han W, Schwalm ND, Hong X, Bencivenga-Barry NA, Goodman AL, Groisman EA. A Master Regulator of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Gut Colonization Controls Carbohydrate Utilization and an Alternative Protein Synthesis Factor. mBio 2020; 11:e03221-19. [PMID: 31992627 PMCID: PMC6989115 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03221-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial colonization of the mammalian gut is largely ascribed to the ability to utilize nutrients available in that environment. To understand how beneficial microbes establish a relationship with their hosts, it is crucial to determine what other abilities promote gut colonization. We now report that colonization of the murine gut by the beneficial microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron requires activation of a putative translation factor by the major transcriptional regulator of gut colonization and carbohydrate utilization. To ascertain how this regulator-called BT4338-promotes gut colonization, we identified BT4338-regulated genes and BT4338-bound DNA sequences. Unexpectedly, the gene whose expression was most reduced upon BT4338 inactivation was fusA2, specifying a putative translation factor. We determined that fusA2 activation by BT4338 is conserved in another Bacteroides species and essential for gut colonization in B. thetaiotaomicron because a mutant lacking the BT4338 binding site in the fusA2 promoter exhibited a colonization defect similar to that of a mutant lacking the fusA2 gene. Furthermore, we demonstrated that BT4338 promotes gut colonization independently of its role in carbohydrate utilization because the fusA2 gene was dispensable for utilization of carbohydrates that depend on BT4338 Our findings suggest that microbial gut colonization requires the use of alternative protein synthesis factors.IMPORTANCE The bacteria occupying the mammalian gut have evolved unique strategies to thrive in their environment. Bacteroides organisms, which often comprise 25 to 50% of the human gut microbiota, derive nutrients from structurally diverse complex polysaccharides, commonly called dietary fibers. This ability requires an expansive genetic repertoire that is coordinately regulated to achieve expression of those genes dedicated to utilizing only those dietary fibers present in the environment. Here we identify the global regulon of a transcriptional regulator necessary for dietary fiber utilization and gut colonization. We demonstrate that this transcription factor regulates hundreds of genes putatively involved in dietary fiber utilization as well as a putative translation factor dispensable for growth on such nutrients but necessary for survival in the gut. These findings suggest that gut bacteria coordinate cellular metabolism with protein synthesis via specialized translation factors to promote survival in the mammalian gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy E Townsend
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weiwei Han
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nathan D Schwalm
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xinyu Hong
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Natasha A Bencivenga-Barry
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew L Goodman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eduardo A Groisman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bencivenga-Barry NA, Lim B, Herrera CM, Trent MS, Goodman AL. Genetic Manipulation of Wild Human Gut Bacteroides. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:e00544-19. [PMID: 31712278 PMCID: PMC6964735 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00544-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides is one of the most prominent genera in the human gut microbiome, and study of this bacterial group provides insights into gut microbial ecology and pathogenesis. In this report, we introduce a negative selection system for rapid and efficient allelic exchange in wild Bacteroides species that does not require any alterations to the genetic background or a nutritionally defined culture medium. In this approach, dual antibacterial effectors normally delivered via type VI secretion are targeted to the bacterial periplasm under the control of tightly regulated anhydrotetracycline (aTC)-inducible promoters. Introduction of aTC selects for recombination events producing the desired genetic modification, and the dual effector design allows for broad applicability across strains that may have immunity to one counterselection effector. We demonstrate the utility of this approach across 21 human gut Bacteroides isolates representing diverse species, including strains isolated directly from human donors. We use this system to establish that antimicrobial peptide resistance in Bacteroides vulgatus is determined by the product of a gene that is not included in the genomes of previously genetically tractable members of the human gut microbiome.IMPORTANCE Human gut Bacteroides species exhibit strain-level differences in their physiology, ecology, and impact on human health and disease. However, existing approaches for genetic manipulation generally require construction of genetically modified parental strains for each microbe of interest or defined medium formulations. In this report, we introduce a robust and efficient strategy for targeted genetic manipulation of diverse wild-type Bacteroides species from the human gut. This system enables genetic investigation of members of human and animal microbiomes beyond existing model organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Bencivenga-Barry
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bentley Lim
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carmen M Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia at Athens, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia at Athens, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - M Stephen Trent
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia at Athens, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia at Athens, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia at Athens, College of Arts and Sciences, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew L Goodman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Theodoro SDS, Putarov TC, Tiemi C, Volpe LM, de Oliveira CAF, Glória MBDA, Carciofi AC. Effects of the solubility of yeast cell wall preparations on their potential prebiotic properties in dogs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225659. [PMID: 31765439 PMCID: PMC6878821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivatives of yeast cell wall (YCW) have been studied for their potential prebiotic effects. Recently, new purified and soluble preparations have been developed in an attempt to increase their biological actions. Two YCW preparations, one conventional and another with higher solubility of the mannan oligosaccharide fraction, were evaluated on dogs. One food formulation was used, divided into the following treatments: CON-control, without yeast cell wall addition; YCW-addition of 0.3% of a conventional yeas cell wall extract; YCWs-addition of 0.3% of a yeast cell wall extract with high mannan oligosaccharide solubility. Twenty-four beagle dogs were used, eight per food, distributed on a block design. Blocks lasted 32 days, and TNF-a, IL-6, IL-10, ex vivo production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide by peripheral neutrophils and monocytes, phagocytic index, and fecal IgA were evaluated at the beginning and end of each period. Additionally, nutrient digestibility, feces production and quality, and fermentation products were quantified. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance and compared using the Tukey test (P<0.05), using the basal immunological parameters as a covariate. The inclusion of YCWs reduced fat digestibility (P<0.05), increased the concentration of butyrate and putrescine, and reduced lactate in feces (P<0.05), showing that mannan oligosaccharide solubilization resulted in higher fermentation of this compound and altered the metabolism of the gut microbiota. Lower IL-6 on serum was verified for dogs fed the YCWs diet (P<0.05), suggesting a reduction in the inflammatory activity of dogs. Higher phagocytic index was verified for peripheral monocytes after the intake of the YCW food, suggesting better innate immunity. In conclusion, the solubilization of the mannooligosaccharide fraction alters its interaction with gut microbiota and biological actions in animals, although both yeast cell wall preparations exhibited prebiotic effects on dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie de Souza Theodoro
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaila Cristina Putarov
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Tiemi
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara Mantovani Volpe
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Agrarian and
Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São
Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Reese AT, Kearney SM. Incorporating functional trade-offs into studies of the gut microbiota. Curr Opin Microbiol 2019; 50:20-27. [PMID: 31593869 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trade-offs constrain evolution through genetic linkages and environmental limitations, impacting organismal physiology, morphology, and behavior. They are likely to also play a role in modulating functions of the microbiota, but previous research has not included tests of trade-off theory. Here, we review broadly how gut microbial functions are typically studied and outline evolutionarily-informed mechanisms to improve such research. These include measuring a diverse set of functions, with a focus on changes in host phenotype; more explicitly articulating the selective forces relevant to the microbiota; and using functionally relevant models. We present dietary intervention as a case study where trade-offs are likely to be relevant and discuss how the health effects of the modern human diet could be better understood in light of trade-offs. Appreciating microbial functional trade-offs as well as host trade-offs will be necessary to design effective interventions targeting the microbiota and, more generally, to understand the evolution of host-microbe interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aspen T Reese
- Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Sean M Kearney
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kolodziejczyk AA, Zheng D, Elinav E. Diet–microbiota interactions and personalized nutrition. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 17:742-753. [DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
49
|
Savijoki K, Nyman TA, Kainulainen V, Miettinen I, Siljamäki P, Fallarero A, Sandholm J, Satokari R, Varmanen P. Growth Mode and Carbon Source Impact the Surfaceome Dynamics of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1272. [PMID: 31231350 PMCID: PMC6560171 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms have clear implications in disease and in food applications involving probiotics. Here, we show that switching the carbohydrate source from glucose to fructose increased the biofilm formation and the total surface-antigenicity of a well-known probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Surfaceomes (all cell surface-associated proteins) of GG cells grown with glucose and fructose in planktonic and biofilm cultures were identified and compared, which indicated carbohydrate source-dependent variations, especially during biofilm growth. The most distinctive differences under these conditions were detected with several surface adhesins (e.g., MBF, SpaC pilus protein and penicillin-binding proteins), enzymes (glycoside hydrolases, PrsA, PrtP, PrtR, and HtrA) and moonlighting proteins (glycolytic, transcription/translation and stress-associated proteins, r-proteins, tRNA synthetases, Clp family proteins, PepC, PepN, and PepA). The abundance of several known adhesins and candidate moonlighters, including enzymes acting on casein-derived peptides (ClpP, PepC, and PepN), increased in the biofilm cells grown on fructose, from which the surface-associated aminopeptidase activity mediated by PepC and PepN was further confirmed by an enzymatic assay. The mucus binding factor (MBF) was found most abundant in fructose grown biofilm cells whereas SpaC adhesin was identified specifically from planktonic cells growing on fructose. An additional indirect ELISA indicated both growth mode- and carbohydrate-dependent differences in abundance of SpaC, whereas the overall adherence of GG assessed with porcine mucus indicated that the carbon source and the growth mode affected mucus adhesion. The adherence of GG cells to mucus was almost completely inhibited by anti-SpaC antibodies regardless of growth mode and/or carbohydrate source, indicating the key role of the SpaCBA pilus in adherence under the tested conditions. Altogether, our results suggest that carbon source and growth mode coordinate mechanisms shaping the proteinaceous composition of GG cell surface, which potentially contributes to resistance, nutrient acquisition and cell-cell interactions under different conditions. In conclusion, the present study shows that different growth regimes and conditions can have a profound impact on the adherent and antigenic features of GG, thereby providing new information on how to gain additional benefits from this probiotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Savijoki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A. Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veera Kainulainen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Miettinen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Siljamäki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adyary Fallarero
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Sandholm
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Reetta Satokari
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Varmanen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sugary t(h)reats: our gut microbiome and diet. EClinicalMedicine 2018; 6:1-2. [PMID: 31193638 PMCID: PMC6537514 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|