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Dolgirev PE, Esterlis I, Zibrov AA, Lukin MD, Giamarchi T, Demler E. Local Noise Spectroscopy of Wigner Crystals in Two-Dimensional Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:246504. [PMID: 38949333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.246504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
We propose local electromagnetic noise spectroscopy as a versatile and noninvasive tool to study Wigner crystal phases of strongly interacting two-dimensional electronic systems. In-plane imaging of the local noise is predicted to enable single-site resolution of the electron crystal when the sample-probe distance is less than the interelectron separation. At larger sample-probe distances, noise spectroscopy encodes information about the low-energy Wigner crystal phonons, including the dispersion of the transverse shear mode, the pinning resonance due to disorder, and optical modes emerging, for instance, in bilayer crystals. We discuss the potential utility of local noise probes in analyzing the rich set of phenomena expected to occur in the vicinity of the melting transition.
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2
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Fukami M, Marcks JC, Candido DR, Weiss LR, Soloway B, Sullivan SE, Delegan N, Heremans FJ, Flatté ME, Awschalom DD. Magnon-mediated qubit coupling determined via dissipation measurements. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313754120. [PMID: 38165926 PMCID: PMC10786302 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313754120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlled interaction between localized and delocalized solid-state spin systems offers a compelling platform for on-chip quantum information processing with quantum spintronics. Hybrid quantum systems (HQSs) of localized nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond and delocalized magnon modes in ferrimagnets-systems with naturally commensurate energies-have recently attracted significant attention, especially for interconnecting isolated spin qubits at length-scales far beyond those set by the dipolar coupling. However, despite extensive theoretical efforts, there is a lack of experimental characterization of the magnon-mediated interaction between NV centers, which is necessary to develop such hybrid quantum architectures. Here, we experimentally determine the magnon-mediated NV-NV coupling from the magnon-induced self-energy of NV centers. Our results are quantitatively consistent with a model in which the NV center is coupled to magnons by dipolar interactions. This work provides a versatile tool to characterize HQSs in the absence of strong coupling, informing future efforts to engineer entangled solid-state systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Fukami
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Jonathan C. Marcks
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Denis R. Candido
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Leah R. Weiss
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan
| | - Benjamin Soloway
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Sean E. Sullivan
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Nazar Delegan
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - F. Joseph Heremans
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Michael E. Flatté
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - David D. Awschalom
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
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3
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McLaughlin N, Li S, Brock JA, Zhang S, Lu H, Huang M, Xiao Y, Zhou J, Tserkovnyak Y, Fullerton EE, Wang H, Du CR. Local Control of a Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Center by Nanoscale Engineered Magnetic Domain Wall Motion. ACS NANO 2023; 17:25689-25696. [PMID: 38050827 PMCID: PMC10753891 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective control and readout of qubits form the technical foundation of next-generation, transformative quantum information sciences and technologies. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, an intrinsic three-level spin system, is naturally relevant in this context due to its excellent quantum coherence, high fidelity of operations, and remarkable functionality over a broad range of experimental conditions. It is an active contender for the development and implementation of cutting-edge quantum technologies. Here, we report magnetic domain wall motion driven local control and measurements of the NV spin properties. By engineering the local magnetic field environment of an NV center via nanoscale reconfigurable domain wall motion, we show that NV photoluminescence, spin level energies, and coherence time can be reliably controlled and correlated to the magneto-transport response of a magnetic device. Our results highlight the electrically tunable dipole interaction between NV centers and nanoscale magnetic structures, providing an attractive platform to realize interactive information transfer between spin qubits and nonvolatile magnetic memory in hybrid quantum spintronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan
J. McLaughlin
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Senlei Li
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Brock
- Center
for
Memory and Recording Research, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0401, United States
| | - Shu Zhang
- Max Planck
Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Hanyi Lu
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mengqi Huang
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yuxuan Xiao
- Center
for
Memory and Recording Research, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0401, United States
| | - Jingcheng Zhou
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yaroslav Tserkovnyak
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Eric E. Fullerton
- Center
for
Memory and Recording Research, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0401, United States
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chunhui Rita Du
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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4
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Borst M, Vree PH, Lowther A, Teepe A, Kurdi S, Bertelli I, Simon BG, Blanter YM, van der Sar T. Observation and control of hybrid spin-wave-Meissner-current transport modes. Science 2023; 382:430-434. [PMID: 37883534 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj7576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Superconductors are materials with zero electrical resistivity and the ability to expel magnetic fields, which is known as the Meissner effect. Their dissipationless diamagnetic response is central to magnetic levitation and circuits such as quantum interference devices. In this work, we used superconducting diamagnetism to shape the magnetic environment governing the transport of spin waves-collective spin excitations in magnets that are promising on-chip signal carriers-in a thin-film magnet. Using diamond-based magnetic imaging, we observed hybridized spin-wave-Meissner-current transport modes with strongly altered, temperature-tunable wavelengths and then demonstrated local control of spin-wave refraction using a focused laser. Our results demonstrate the versatility of superconductor-manipulated spin-wave transport and have potential applications in spin-wave gratings, filters, crystals, and cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borst
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - P H Vree
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - A Lowther
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - A Teepe
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - S Kurdi
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - I Bertelli
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - B G Simon
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Y M Blanter
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - T van der Sar
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
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5
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Machado F, Demler EA, Yao NY, Chatterjee S. Quantum Noise Spectroscopy of Dynamical Critical Phenomena. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:070801. [PMID: 37656851 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.070801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The transition between distinct phases of matter is characterized by the nature of fluctuations near the critical point. We demonstrate that noise spectroscopy can not only diagnose the presence of a phase transition, but can also determine fundamental properties of its criticality. In particular, by analyzing a scaling collapse of the decoherence profile, one can directly extract the critical exponents of the transition and identify its universality class. Our approach naturally captures the presence of conservation laws and distinguishes between classical and quantum phase transitions. In the context of quantum magnetism, our proposal complements existing techniques and provides a novel toolset optimized for interrogating two-dimensional magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Machado
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Eugene A Demler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Norman Y Yao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Shubhayu Chatterjee
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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6
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Poniatowski NR, Curtis JB, Bøttcher CGL, Galitski VM, Yacoby A, Narang P, Demler E. Surface Cooper-Pair Spin Waves in Triplet Superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:237002. [PMID: 36563226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.237002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We study the electrodynamics of spin triplet superconductors including dipolar interactions, which give rise to an interplay between the collective spin dynamics of the condensate and orbital Meissner screening currents. Within this theory, we identify a class of spin waves that originate from the coupled dynamics of the spin-symmetry breaking triplet order parameter and the electromagnetic field. In particular, we study magnetostatic spin wave modes that are localized to the sample surface. We show that these surface modes can be excited and detected using experimental techniques such as microwave spin wave resonance spectroscopy or nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry, and propose that the detection of these modes offers a means for the identification of spin triplet superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan B Curtis
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - Victor M Galitski
- Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Amir Yacoby
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Prineha Narang
- John A. Paulson School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Eugene Demler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Simon B, Kurdi S, Carmiggelt JJ, Borst M, Katan AJ, van der Sar T. Filtering and Imaging of Frequency-Degenerate Spin Waves Using Nanopositioning of a Single-Spin Sensor. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9198-9204. [PMID: 36270006 PMCID: PMC9706654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) magnetometry is a new technique for imaging spin waves in magnetic materials. It detects spin waves by their microwave magnetic stray fields, which decay evanescently on the scale of the spin-wavelength. Here, we use nanoscale control of a single-NV sensor as a wavelength filter to characterize frequency-degenerate spin waves excited by a microstrip in a thin-film magnetic insulator. With the NV probe in contact with the magnet, we observe an incoherent mixture of thermal and microwave-driven spin waves. By retracting the tip, we progressively suppress the small-wavelength modes until a single coherent mode emerges from the mixture. In-contact scans at low drive power surprisingly show occupation of the entire isofrequency contour of the two-dimensional spin-wave dispersion despite our one-dimensional microstrip geometry. Our distance-tunable filter sheds light on the spin-wave band occupation under microwave excitation and opens opportunities for imaging magnon condensates and other coherent spin-wave modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht
G. Simon
- Department
of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Samer Kurdi
- Department
of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J. Carmiggelt
- Department
of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Borst
- Department
of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Allard J. Katan
- Department
of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Toeno van der Sar
- Department
of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJDelft, The Netherlands
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8
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Khalifa A, Zaeimbashi M, Zhou TX, Abrishami SM, Sun N, Park S, Šumarac T, Qu J, Zohar I, Yacoby A, Cash S, Sun NX. The development of microfabricated solenoids with magnetic cores for micromagnetic neural stimulation. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:91. [PMID: 34786205 PMCID: PMC8589949 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation via invasive microelectrodes is commonly used to treat a wide range of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Despite its remarkable success, the stimulation performance is not sustainable since the electrodes become encapsulated by gliosis due to foreign body reactions. Magnetic stimulation overcomes these limitations by eliminating the need for a metal-electrode contact. Here, we demonstrate a novel microfabricated solenoid inductor (80 µm × 40 µm) with a magnetic core that can activate neuronal tissue. The characterization and proof-of-concept of the device raise the possibility that micromagnetic stimulation solenoids that are small enough to be implanted within the brain may prove to be an effective alternative to existing electrode-based stimulation devices for chronic neural interfacing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Khalifa
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Mohsen Zaeimbashi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Tony X. Zhou
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Seyed Mahdi Abrishami
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Neville Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Seunghyun Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Tamara Šumarac
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Jason Qu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Inbar Zohar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Yacoby
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Sydney Cash
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Nian X. Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
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