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Huang C, Liu S, Li W, Zhao S, Ren X, Zhuo F, Zhang K, Li X, Wu J, Zhu Z, Chen C, Zhang W, Yu B. Paxbp1 is indispensable for the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)02077-3. [PMID: 39236903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian epidermis is a structurally complex tissue that serves critical barrier functions, safeguarding the organism from the external milieu. The development of the epidermis is governed by sophisticated regulatory processes. However, the precise mechanism maintaining epidermal homeostasis remains incompletely elucidated. Recent studies have identified Paxbp1, an evolutionarily conserved protein, as being involved in the developmental regulation of various cells, tissues, and organs. Nonetheless, its role in skin development has not been explored. Here, we report that the targeted deletion of Paxbp1 in epidermal keratinocytes mediated by Keratin14-Cre leads to severe disruption in skin architecture. Mice deficient in Paxbp1 exhibited a substantially reduced epidermal thickness and pronounced separation at the dermo-epidermal junction upon birth. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the absence of Paxbp1 hinders cellular proliferation, marked by a halt in cell cycle transition, suppressed gene expression of proliferation, and a compromised DNA replication pathway in basal keratinocytes, resulting in the thinning of the skin epidermis. Moreover, molecules and pathways associated with hemidesmosome assembly were impaired in Paxbp1-deficient keratinocytes, culminating in the detachment of the skin epidermal layer. Therefore, our study highlights an indispensable role of Paxbp1 in the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Dermatological Research Support Platform for Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shenglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Dermatological Research Support Platform for Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shizheng Zhao
- Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Xuanyao Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Dermatological Research Support Platform for Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Zhuo
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Dermatological Research Support Platform for Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Dermatological Research Support Platform for Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiahong Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Dermatological Research Support Platform for Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingwen Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Dermatological Research Support Platform for Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zimo Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Dermatological Research Support Platform for Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Dermatological Research Support Platform for Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Dermatological Research Support Platform for Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center; Shenzhen Dermatological Research Support Platform for Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China.
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Li W, Yang Y, Zhuo F, Liu S, Zhang K, Zhang W, Huang C, Yu B. Paxbp1 is indispensable for the maintenance of peripheral CD4 T cell homeostasis. Immunology 2024; 172:641-652. [PMID: 38750609 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The size and condition of the peripheral CD4 T cell population determine the capacity of the immune response. Under homeostatic conditions, the size of the peripheral CD4 T cell population is maintained through turnover and survival. However, the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Here, we observed a significant decrease in the percentage of CD4 T cells in the periphery following the targeted deletion of the Paxbp1 gene in mouse T cells. In the absence of Paxbp1, naïve CD4 T cells displayed reduced surface interleukin-7 receptor levels and a decreased capacity to respond to survival signals mediated by interleukin-7. In addition, naïve CD4 T cells deficient in Paxbp1 demonstrated impaired T cell antigen receptor signalling, compromised cell cycle entry, decreased proliferation, and increased apoptosis following stimulation, all of which contributed to the reduction in the number of peripheral CD4 T cells. Therefore, our study highlights the indispensable role of Paxbp1 in maintaining peripheral CD4 T cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Zhuo
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shenglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Cavalu S, Abdelhamid AM, Saber S, Elmorsy EA, Hamad RS, Abdel-Reheim MA, Yahya G, Salama MM. Cell cycle machinery in oncology: A comprehensive review of therapeutic targets. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23734. [PMID: 38847486 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400769r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The cell cycle is tightly regulated to ensure controlled cell proliferation. Dysregulation of the cell cycle machinery is a hallmark of cancer that leads to unchecked growth. This review comprehensively analyzes key molecular regulators of the cell cycle and how they contribute to carcinogenesis when mutated or overexpressed. It focuses on cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), CDK inhibitors, checkpoint kinases, and mitotic regulators as therapeutic targets. Promising strategies include CDK4/6 inhibitors like palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib for breast cancer treatment. Other possible targets include the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), Skp2, p21, and aurora kinase inhibitors. However, challenges with resistance have limited clinical successes so far. Future efforts should focus on combinatorial therapies, next-generation inhibitors, and biomarkers for patient selection. Targeting the cell cycle holds promise but further optimization is necessary to fully exploit it as an anti-cancer strategy across diverse malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Amir Mohamed Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A Elmorsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rabab S Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Salama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
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Millward DJ. Post-natal muscle growth and protein turnover: a narrative review of current understanding. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:141-168. [PMID: 37395180 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A model explaining the dietary-protein-driven post-natal skeletal muscle growth and protein turnover in the rat is updated, and the mechanisms involved are described, in this narrative review. Dietary protein controls both bone length and muscle growth, which are interrelated through mechanotransduction mechanisms with muscle growth induced both from stretching subsequent to bone length growth and from internal work against gravity. This induces satellite cell activation, myogenesis and remodelling of the extracellular matrix, establishing a growth capacity for myofibre length and cross-sectional area. Protein deposition within this capacity is enabled by adequate dietary protein and other key nutrients. After briefly reviewing the experimental animal origins of the growth model, key concepts and processes important for growth are reviewed. These include the growth in number and size of the myonuclear domain, satellite cell activity during post-natal development and the autocrine/paracrine action of IGF-1. Regulatory and signalling pathways reviewed include developmental mechanotransduction, signalling through the insulin/IGF-1-PI3K-Akt and the Ras-MAPK pathways in the myofibre and during mechanotransduction of satellite cells. Likely pathways activated by maximal-intensity muscle contractions are highlighted and the regulation of the capacity for protein synthesis in terms of ribosome assembly and the translational regulation of 5-TOPmRNA classes by mTORC1 and LARP1 are discussed. Evidence for and potential mechanisms by which volume limitation of muscle growth can occur which would limit protein deposition within the myofibre are reviewed. An understanding of how muscle growth is achieved allows better nutritional management of its growth in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Joe Millward
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Potter SC, Gibbs BE, Hammel FA, Joiner CM, Paulo JA, Janetzko J, Levine ZG, Fei GQ, Haggarty SJ, Walker S. Dissecting OGT's TPR domain to identify determinants of cellular function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401729121. [PMID: 38768345 PMCID: PMC11145291 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401729121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an essential mammalian enzyme that glycosylates myriad intracellular proteins and cleaves the transcriptional coregulator Host Cell Factor 1 to regulate cell cycle processes. Via these catalytic activities as well as noncatalytic protein-protein interactions, OGT maintains cell homeostasis. OGT's tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain is important in substrate recognition, but there is little information on how changing the TPR domain impacts its cellular functions. Here, we investigate how altering OGT's TPR domain impacts cell growth after the endogenous enzyme is deleted. We find that disrupting the TPR residues required for OGT dimerization leads to faster cell growth, whereas truncating the TPR domain slows cell growth. We also find that OGT requires eight of its 13 TPRs to sustain cell viability. OGT-8, like the nonviable shorter OGT variants, is mislocalized and has reduced Ser/Thr glycosylation activity; moreover, its interactions with most of wild-type OGT's binding partners are broadly attenuated. Therefore, although OGT's five N-terminal TPRs are not essential for cell viability, they are required for proper subcellular localization and for mediating many of OGT's protein-protein interactions. Because the viable OGT truncation variant we have identified preserves OGT's essential functions, it may facilitate their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Potter
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Bettine E. Gibbs
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Forrest A. Hammel
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Cassandra M. Joiner
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - John Janetzko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Zebulon G. Levine
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - George Q. Fei
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Suzanne Walker
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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Isdaner AJ, Levis NA, Ehrenreich IM, Pfennig DW. Genetic Variants Underlying Plasticity in Natural Populations of Spadefoot Toads: Environmental Assessment versus Phenotypic Response. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:611. [PMID: 38790242 PMCID: PMC11121243 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Many organisms facultatively produce different phenotypes depending on their environment, yet relatively little is known about the genetic bases of such plasticity in natural populations. In this study, we describe the genetic variation underlying an extreme form of plasticity--resource polyphenism--in Mexican spadefoot toad tadpoles, Spea multiplicata. Depending on their environment, these tadpoles develop into one of two drastically different forms: a carnivore morph or an omnivore morph. We collected both morphs from two ponds that differed in which morph had an adaptive advantage and performed genome-wide association studies of phenotype (carnivore vs. omnivore) and adaptive plasticity (adaptive vs. maladaptive environmental assessment). We identified four quantitative trait loci associated with phenotype and nine with adaptive plasticity, two of which exhibited signatures of minor allele dominance and two of which (one phenotype locus and one adaptive plasticity locus) did not occur as minor allele homozygotes. Investigations into the genetics of plastic traits in natural populations promise to provide novel insights into how such complex, adaptive traits arise and evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Isdaner
- Department of Biology, CB#3280, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.J.I.); (N.A.L.)
| | - Nicholas A. Levis
- Department of Biology, CB#3280, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.J.I.); (N.A.L.)
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Ian M. Ehrenreich
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - David W. Pfennig
- Department of Biology, CB#3280, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.J.I.); (N.A.L.)
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He Y, Heng Y, Qin Z, Wei X, Wu Z, Qu J. Intravital microscopy of satellite cell dynamics and their interaction with myeloid cells during skeletal muscle regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1891. [PMID: 37851799 PMCID: PMC10584350 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration requires the highly coordinated cooperation of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) with other cellular components. Upon injury, myeloid cells populate the wound site, concomitant with MuSC activation. However, detailed analysis of MuSC-myeloid cell interaction is hindered by the lack of suitable live animal imaging technology. Here, we developed a dual-laser multimodal nonlinear optical microscope platform to study the dynamics of MuSCs and their interaction with nonmyogenic cells during muscle regeneration. Using three-dimensional time-lapse imaging on live reporter mice and taking advantages of the autofluorescence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), we studied the spatiotemporal interaction between nonmyogenic cells and muscle stem/progenitor cells during MuSC activation and proliferation. We discovered that their cell-cell contact was transient in nature. Moreover, MuSCs could activate with notably reduced infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and their proliferation, although dependent on macrophages, did not require constant contact with them. These findings provide a fresh perspective on myeloid cells' role during muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhu He
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Youshan Heng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhongya Qin
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xiuqing Wei
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Qu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Yi C, Huang D, Yu H, Gu J, Liang H, Ren M. Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Poultry By-Product Supplementation, Instead of Fishmeal, Alone Improves the Quality of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides) Back Muscle without Compromising Growth. Foods 2023; 12:3485. [PMID: 37761194 PMCID: PMC10529141 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of enzymatically hydrolyzed poultry by-products (EHPB) on the growth and muscle quality of largemouth bass. Different concentrations of EHPB (0.00, 3.10, 6.20, 9.30, and 12.40%) were added to replace fishmeal (0.00 (control), 8.89 (EHPB1), 17.78 (EHPB2), 26.67 (EHPB3), and 35.56% (EHPB4)), respectively, in dietary supplementation. The results revealed that the growth performance and muscle amino acid and fatty acid remained unaltered in EHPB1 (p > 0.05). EHPB1 showed significant reduction in muscle hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and muscle fiber count and exhibited a significant increase in muscle fiber volume. The decrease in muscle hardness, gumminess, and chewiness means that the muscle can have a more tender texture. The expression of protein metabolism-related genes reached the highest levels in EHPB1 and EHPB2 (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of s6k and igf-1 in EHPB2 and EHPB1 were significantly lower than those in the control group. Compared to the control group, the expression of muscle production-associated genes paxbp-1 was higher in EHPB1, and myod-1, myf-5, and syndecan-4 were higher in EHPB2. The mRNA levels of muscle atrophy-related genes, in EHPB4 and EHPB2, were significantly lower than those in the control group. Therefore, the EHPB1 group plays a role in promoting the expression of genes related to muscle formation. In summary, replacing 8.89% of fishmeal with EHPB in feed has no effect on growth and may improve back muscle quality in largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguo Yi
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China (J.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Dongyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Heng Yu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China (J.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Jiaze Gu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China (J.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Hualiang Liang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China (J.G.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China (J.G.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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9
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Vulsteke JB, Smith V, Bonroy C, Lenaerts JL, Derua R, Wuyts WA, Blockmans D, De Haes P, Piette Y, De Langhe E, Bossuyt X. Autoantibodies against the NineTeen complex and U5 RNP in systemic sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2023; 139:103056. [PMID: 37302272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveMultiple spliceosome components are known autoantigens in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Here we aim to identify new and characterize rare anti-spliceosomal autoantibodies in patients with SSc without known autoantibody specificity. MethodsSera that precipitated spliceosome subcomplexes, as detected by immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS), were identified from a database of 106 patients with SSc without known autoantibody specificity. New autoantibody specificities were confirmed with immunoprecipitation-western blot. The IP-MS pattern of new anti-spliceosomal autoantibodies was compared with anti-U1 RNP-positive sera of patients with different systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases and anti-SmD-positive sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 24). ResultsThe NineTeen Complex (NTC) was identified and confirmed as new spliceosomal autoantigen in one patient with SSc. U5 RNP, as well as additional splicing factors, were precipitated by the serum of another patient with SSc. The IP-MS patterns of anti-NTC and anti-U5 RNP autoantibodies were distinct from those of anti-U1 RNP- and anti-SmD-positive sera. Furthermore, there was no difference in IP-MS patterns between a limited number of anti-U1 RNP-positive sera of patients with different systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. ConclusionAnti-NTC autoantibodies are a new anti-spliceosomal autoantibody specificity, here first identified in a patient with SSc. Anti-U5 RNP autoantibodies are a distinct but rare anti-spliceosomal autoantibody specificity. All major spliceosomal subcomplexes have now been described as target of autoantibodies in systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Vulsteke
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Ghent University, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, Belgium; Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ERN ReCONNET), Belgium
| | - Carolien Bonroy
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan L Lenaerts
- Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, SyBioMa, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim A Wuyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Belgium; Unit for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory Diseases (ERN LUNG), Belgium
| | - Daniel Blockmans
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Leuven, Belgium; General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petra De Haes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium; Dermatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yves Piette
- Ghent University, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent, Belgium; Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Langhe
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ERN ReCONNET), Belgium; European Reference Network on Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (ERN RITA), Belgium
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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Li W, Yang Y, Liu S, Zhang D, Ren X, Tang M, Zhang W, Chen X, Huang C, Yu B. Paxbp1 is indispensable for the survival of CD4 and CD8 double-positive thymocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183367. [PMID: 37404821 PMCID: PMC10315898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lifespan of double-positive (DP) thymocytes is critical for intrathymic development and shaping the peripheral T cell repertoire. However, the molecular mechanisms that control DP thymocyte survival remain poorly understood. Paxbp1 is a conserved nuclear protein that has been reported to play important roles in cell growth and development. Its high expression in T cells suggests a possible role in T cell development. Here, we observed that deletion of Paxbp1 resulted in thymic atrophy in mice lacking Paxbp1 in the early stages of T cell development. Conditional loss of Paxbp1 resulted in fewer CD4+CD8+ DP T cells, CD4 and CD8 single positive (SP) T cells in the thymus, and fewer T cells in the periphery. Meanwhile, Paxbp1 deficiency had limited effects on the CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) or immature single-positive (ISP) cell populations. Instead, we observed a significant increase in the susceptibility of Paxbp1-deficient DP thymocytes to apoptosis. Consistent with this, RNA-Seq analysis revealed a significant enrichment of the apoptotic pathway within differentially expressed genes in Paxbp1-deficient DP cells compared to control DP cells. Together, our results suggest a new function for Paxbp1, which is an important mediator of DP thymocyte survival and critical for proper thymic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuanyao Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mindan Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofan Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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11
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Pahl MC, Le Coz C, Su C, Sharma P, Thomas RM, Pippin JA, Cruz Cabrera E, Johnson ME, Leonard ME, Lu S, Chesi A, Sullivan KE, Romberg N, Grant SFA, Wells AD. Implicating effector genes at COVID-19 GWAS loci using promoter-focused Capture-C in disease-relevant immune cell types. Genome Biol 2022; 23:125. [PMID: 35659055 PMCID: PMC9164584 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a broad spectrum of COVID-19 disease, from mild or no symptoms to hospitalization and death. COVID-19 disease severity has been associated with some pre-existing conditions and the magnitude of the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2, and a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the risk of critical illness revealed a significant genetic component. To gain insight into how human genetic variation attenuates or exacerbates disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection, we implicated putatively functional COVID risk variants in the cis-regulatory landscapes of human immune cell types with established roles in disease severity and used high-resolution chromatin conformation capture to map these disease-associated elements to their effector genes. RESULTS This functional genomic approach implicates 16 genes involved in viral replication, the interferon response, and inflammation. Several of these genes (PAXBP1, IFNAR2, OAS1, OAS3, TNFAIP8L1, GART) were differentially expressed in immune cells from patients with severe versus moderate COVID-19 disease, and we demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for GART in T cell-dependent antibody-producing B cell differentiation in a human tonsillar organoid model. CONCLUSIONS This study offers immunogenetic insight into the basis of COVID-19 disease severity and implicates new targets for therapeutics that limit SARS-CoV-2 infection and its resultant life-threatening inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Pahl
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carole Le Coz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chun Su
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prabhat Sharma
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rajan M Thomas
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James A Pippin
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emylette Cruz Cabrera
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew E Johnson
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle E Leonard
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sumei Lu
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neil Romberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Han L, Wang G, Zhou S, Situ C, He Z, Li Y, Qiu Y, Huang Y, Xu A, Ong MTY, Wang H, Zhang J, Wu Z. Muscle satellite cells are impaired in type 2 diabetic mice by elevated extracellular adenosine. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110884. [PMID: 35649375 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is known to be defective under diabetic conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms remain less clear. Adult quiescent muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) from leptin-receptor-deficient (i.e., db/db) diabetic mice are defective in early activation in vivo, but not in culture, suggesting the involvement of pathogenic niche factors. Elevated extracellular adenosine (eAdo) and AMP (eAMP) are detected under diabetic conditions. eAdo and eAMP potently inhibit cell cycle re-entry of quiescent MuSCs and injury-induced muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, eAdo and eAMP engage the equilibrative Ado transporters (ENTs)-Ado kinase (ADK)-AMPK signaling axis in MuSCs to inhibit the mTORC1-dependent cell growth checkpoint. eAdo and eAMP also inhibit early activation of quiescent fibroadipogenic progenitors and human MuSCs by the same mechanism. Treatment of db/db diabetic mice with an ADK inhibitor partially rescues the activation defects of MuSCs in vivo. Thus, both ADK and ENTs represent potential therapeutic targets for restoring the regenerative functions of tissue stem cells in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Han
- Division of Life Science, the State Key Laboratory on Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Division of Life Science, the State Key Laboratory on Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaopu Zhou
- Division of Life Science, the State Key Laboratory on Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chenghao Situ
- Division of Life Science, the State Key Laboratory on Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiming He
- Department of Chemical Pathology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yudan Qiu
- Division of Life Science, the State Key Laboratory on Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, the City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Tim Yun Ong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huating Wang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Division of Life Science, the State Key Laboratory on Molecular Neuroscience, the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China; Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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13
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A Long Journey before Cycling: Regulation of Quiescence Exit in Adult Muscle Satellite Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031748. [PMID: 35163665 PMCID: PMC8836154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle harbors a pool of stem cells called muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) that are mainly responsible for its robust regenerative capacities. Adult satellite cells are mitotically quiescent in uninjured muscles under homeostasis, but they exit quiescence upon injury to re-enter the cell cycle to proliferate. While most of the expanded satellites cells differentiate and fuse to form new myofibers, some undergo self-renewal to replenish the stem cell pool. Specifically, quiescence exit describes the initial transition of MuSCs from quiescence to the first cell cycle, which takes much longer than the time required for subsequent cell cycles and involves drastic changes in cell size, epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles, and metabolic status. It is, therefore, an essential period indispensable for the success of muscle regeneration. Diverse mechanisms exist in MuSCs to regulate quiescence exit. In this review, we summarize key events that occur during quiescence exit in MuSCs and discuss the molecular regulation of this process with an emphasis on multiple levels of intrinsic regulatory mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of how quiescence exit is regulated will facilitate satellite cell-based muscle regenerative therapies and advance their applications in various disease and aging conditions.
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14
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Manneken JD, Dauer MVP, Currie PD. Dynamics of muscle growth and regeneration: Lessons from the teleost. Exp Cell Res 2021; 411:112991. [PMID: 34958765 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The processes of myogenesis during both development and regeneration share a number of similarities across both amniotes and teleosts. In amniotes, the process of muscle formation is considered largely biphasic, with developmental myogenesis occurring through hyperplastic fibre deposition and postnatal muscle growth driven through hypertrophy of existing fibres. In contrast, teleosts continue generating new muscle fibres during adult myogenesis through a process of eternal hyperplasia using a dedicated stem cell system termed the external cell layer. During developmental and regenerative myogenesis alike, muscle progenitors interact with their niche to receive cues guiding their transition into myoblasts and ultimately mature myofibres. During development, muscle precursors receive input from neighbouring embryological tissues; however, during repair, this role is fulfilled by other injury resident cell types, such as those of the innate immune response. Recent work has focused on the role of macrophages as a pro-regenerative cell type which provides input to muscle satellite cells during regenerative myogenesis. As zebrafish harbour a satellite cell system analogous to that of mammals, the processes of regeneration can be interrogated in vivo with the imaging intensive approaches afforded in the zebrafish system. This review discusses the strengths of zebrafish with a focus on both the similarities and differences to amniote myogenesis during both development and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Manneken
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Mervyn V P Dauer
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; EMBL Australia, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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15
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Control of satellite cell function in muscle regeneration and its disruption in ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 23:204-226. [PMID: 34663964 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contains a designated population of adult stem cells, called satellite cells, which are generally quiescent. In homeostasis, satellite cells proliferate only sporadically and usually by asymmetric cell division to replace myofibres damaged by daily activity and maintain the stem cell pool. However, satellite cells can also be robustly activated upon tissue injury, after which they undergo symmetric divisions to generate new stem cells and numerous proliferating myoblasts that later differentiate to muscle cells (myocytes) to rebuild the muscle fibre, thereby supporting skeletal muscle regeneration. Recent discoveries show that satellite cells have a great degree of population heterogeneity, and that their cell fate choices during the regeneration process are dictated by both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Extrinsic cues come largely from communication with the numerous distinct stromal cell types in their niche, creating a dynamically interactive microenvironment. This Review discusses the role and regulation of satellite cells in skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration. In particular, we highlight the cell-intrinsic control of quiescence versus activation, the importance of satellite cell-niche communication, and deregulation of these mechanisms associated with ageing. The increasing understanding of how satellite cells are regulated will help to advance muscle regeneration and rejuvenation therapies.
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