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Zhou J, Nie L, Zhang S, Mao H, Arimura SI, Jin S, Wu Z. Mitochondrial genome editing of WA352 via mitoTALENs restore fertility in cytoplasmic male sterile rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1960-1962. [PMID: 38409937 PMCID: PMC11182578 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhou
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Liyun Nie
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Hailiang Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shin-ichi Arimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life ScienceUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
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Huang L, Ren Y, Lin B, Hao P, Yi K, Li X, Hua S. Cytological and Molecular Characterization of a New Ogura Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Restorer of Brassica napus L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1703. [PMID: 38931135 PMCID: PMC11207357 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is considered the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with the most potential to be utilized as a heterosis system worldwide, but it lacks sufficient restorers. In this study, root tip cell (RTC) mitotic and pollen mother cell (PMC) meiosis observations were compared to ensure the number of chromosomes and the formation of a chromosomal bridge using restorer lines R2000, CLR650, and Zhehuhong (a new restorer) as the experimental material. Further, molecular markers of exogenous chromosomal fragments were detected and the sequence and expression differences of restorer genes in the three lines were determined to identify the distinctive characteristics of Zhehuhong. The results showed that the number of chromosomes in Zhehuhong was stable (2n = 38), indicating that the exogenous radish chromosome segment had been integrated into the chromosome of Zhehuhong. Molecular marker detection revealed that Zhehuhong was detected at most loci, with only the RMA05 locus being missed. The exogenous radish chromosome segment of Zhehuhong differed from R2000 and CLR650. The pollen mother cells of Zhehuhong showed chromosome lagging in the meiotic metaphase I, meiotic anaphase I, and meiotic anaphase II, which was consistent with R2000 and CLR650. The restorer gene PPRB in Zhehuhong had 85 SNPs compared with R2000 and 119 SNPs compared with CLR650, indicating the distinctive characteristic of PPRB in Zhehuhong. In terms of the spatial expression of PPRB, the highest level was detected in the anthers in the three restorer lines. In addition, in terms of temporal expression, the PPRB gene expression of Zhehuhong was highest at a bud length of 4 mm. Our results clearly indicated that Zhehuhong is a new restorer line for the Ogura CMS system, which can be used further in rapeseed heterosis utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.H.); (B.L.); (P.H.); (K.Y.); (X.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yun Ren
- Institute of Crop, Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China;
| | - Baogang Lin
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.H.); (B.L.); (P.H.); (K.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.H.); (B.L.); (P.H.); (K.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Kaige Yi
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.H.); (B.L.); (P.H.); (K.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.H.); (B.L.); (P.H.); (K.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Shuijin Hua
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.H.); (B.L.); (P.H.); (K.Y.); (X.L.)
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Eggers EJ, Su Y, van der Poel E, Flipsen M, de Vries ME, Bachem CWB, Visser RGF, Lindhout P. Identification, Elucidation and Deployment of a Cytoplasmic Male Sterility System for Hybrid Potato. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:447. [PMID: 38927327 PMCID: PMC11200408 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in diploid F1 hybrid potato breeding rely on the production of inbred lines using the S-locus inhibitor (Sli) gene. As a result of this method, female parent lines are self-fertile and require emasculation before hybrid seed production. The resulting F1 hybrids are self-fertile as well and produce many undesirable berries in the field. Utilization of cytoplasmic male sterility would eliminate the need for emasculation, resulting in more efficient hybrid seed production and male sterile F1 hybrids. We observed plants that completely lacked anthers in an F2 population derived from an interspecific cross between diploid S. tuberosum and S. microdontum. We studied the antherless trait to determine its suitability for use in hybrid potato breeding. We mapped the causal locus to the short arm of Chromosome 6, developed KASP markers for the antherless (al) locus and introduced it into lines with T and A cytoplasm. We found that antherless type male sterility is not expressed in T and A cytoplasm, proving that it is a form of CMS. We hybridized male sterile al/al plants with P cytoplasm with pollen from al/al plants with T and A cytoplasm and we show that the resulting hybrids set significantly fewer berries in the field. Here, we show that the antherless CMS system can be readily deployed in diploid F1 hybrid potato breeding to improve hybridization efficiency and reduce berry set in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst-Jan Eggers
- Solynta, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands (C.W.B.B.)
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.G.F.V.)
- Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Su
- Solynta, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands (C.W.B.B.)
| | - Esmee van der Poel
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.G.F.V.)
| | - Martijn Flipsen
- Hogeschool Arnhem Nijmegen, Laan van Scheut 2, 6525 EM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christian W. B. Bachem
- Solynta, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands (C.W.B.B.)
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.G.F.V.)
| | - Richard G. F. Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.G.F.V.)
| | - Pim Lindhout
- Solynta, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands (C.W.B.B.)
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Lin Y, Yang H, Liu H, Lu X, Cao H, Li B, Chang Y, Guo Z, Ding D, Hu Y, Xue Y, Liu Z, Tang J. A P-type pentatricopeptide repeat protein ZmRF5 promotes 5' region partial cleavages of atp6c transcripts to restore the fertility of CMS-C maize by recruiting a splicing factor. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1269-1281. [PMID: 38073308 PMCID: PMC11022799 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
A fast evolution within mitochondria genome(s) often generates discords between nuclear and mitochondria, which is manifested as cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and fertility restoration (Rf) system. The maize CMS-C trait is regulated by the chimeric mitochondrial gene, atp6c, and can be recovered by the restorer gene ZmRf5. Through positional cloning in this study, we identified the nuclear restorer gene, ZmRf5, which encodes a P-type pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) family protein. The over-expression of ZmRf5 brought back the fertility to CMS-C plants, whereas its genomic editing by CRISPR/Cas9 induced abortive pollens in the restorer line. ZmRF5 is sorted to mitochondria, and recruited RS31A, a splicing factor, through MORF8 to form a cleaving/restoring complex, which promoted the cleaving of the CMS-associated transcripts atp6c by shifting the major cleavage site from 480th nt to 344 th nt for fast degradation, and preserved just right amount of atp6c RNA for protein translation, providing adequate ATP6C to assembly complex V, thus restoring male fertility. Interestingly, ATP6C in the sterile line CMo17A, with similar cytology and physiology changes to YU87-1A, was accumulated much less than it in NMo17B, exhibiting a contrary trend in the YU87-1 nuclear genome previously reported, and was restored to normal level in the presence of ZmRF5. Collectively these findings unveil a new molecular mechanism underlying fertility restoration by which ZmRF5 cooperates with MORF8 and RS31A to restore CMS-C fertility in maize, complemented and perfected the sterility mechanism, and enrich the perspectives on communications between nucleus and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Huili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiuyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Haofei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yongyuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Dong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yanmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yadong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zonghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Yang F, Vincis Pereira Sanglard L, Lee CP, Ströher E, Singh S, Oh GGK, Millar AH, Small I, Colas des Francs-Small C. Mitochondrial atp1 mRNA knockdown by a custom-designed pentatricopeptide repeat protein alters ATP synthase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2631-2647. [PMID: 38206203 PMCID: PMC10980415 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Spontaneous mutations are rare in mitochondria and the lack of mitochondrial transformation methods has hindered genetic analyses. We show that a custom-designed RNA-binding pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein binds and specifically induces cleavage of ATP synthase subunit1 (atp1) mRNA in mitochondria, significantly decreasing the abundance of the Atp1 protein and the assembled F1Fo ATP synthase in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The transformed plants are characterized by delayed vegetative growth and reduced fertility. Five-fold depletion of Atp1 level was accompanied by a decrease in abundance of other ATP synthase subunits and lowered ATP synthesis rate of isolated mitochondria, but no change to mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, adenylates, or energy charge in planta. Transcripts for amino acid transport and a variety of stress response processes were differentially expressed in lines containing the PPR protein, indicating changes to achieve cellular homeostasis when ATP synthase was highly depleted. Leaves of ATP synthase-depleted lines showed higher respiratory rates and elevated steady-state levels of numerous amino acids, most notably of the serine family. The results show the value of using custom-designed PPR proteins to influence the expression of specific mitochondrial transcripts to carry out reverse genetic studies on mitochondrial gene functions and the consequences of ATP synthase depletion on cellular functions in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Lilian Vincis Pereira Sanglard
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Chun-Pong Lee
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elke Ströher
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Swati Singh
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Glenda Guec Khim Oh
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ian Small
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Catherine Colas des Francs-Small
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Huynh SD, Melonek J, Colas des Francs-Small C, Bond CS, Small I. A unique C-terminal domain contributes to the molecular function of Restorer-of-fertility proteins in plant mitochondria. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:830-845. [PMID: 37551058 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Restorer-of-fertility (Rf) genes encode pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins that are targeted to mitochondria where they specifically bind to transcripts that induce cytoplasmic male sterility and repress their expression. In searching for a molecular signature unique to this class of proteins, we found that a majority of known Rf proteins have a distinct domain, which we called RfCTD (Restorer-of-fertility C-terminal domain), and its presence correlates with the ability to induce cleavage of the mitochondrial RNA target. A screen of 219 angiosperm genomes from 123 genera using a sequence profile that can quickly and accurately identify RfCTD sequences revealed considerable variation in RFL/RfCTD gene numbers across flowering plants. We observed that plant genera with bisexual flowers have significantly higher numbers of RFL genes compared to those with unisexual flowers, consistent with a role of these proteins in restoration of male fertility. We show that removing the RfCTD from the RFL protein RNA PROCESSING FACTOR 2-nad6 prevented cleavage of its RNA target, the nad6 transcript, in Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondria. We provide a simple way of identifying putative Rf candidates in genome sequences, new insights into the molecular mode of action of Rf proteins and the evolution of fertility restoration in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Dang Huynh
- School of Molecular Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Joanna Melonek
- School of Molecular Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Catherine Colas des Francs-Small
- School of Molecular Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Charles S Bond
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ian Small
- School of Molecular Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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Liu Y, Sun H, Ye R, Du J, Zhang H, Zhou A, Qiao K, Wang J. Potential candidate genes and pathways related to cytoplasmic male sterility in Dianthus spiculifolius as revealed by transcriptome analysis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1503-1516. [PMID: 37452219 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We introduced the candidate gene DsHSP70 into Arabidopsis thaliana, resulting in male gametophyte sterility and abnormal degeneration of sepals and petals. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a useful tool for hybrid production. However, the regulatory mechanism of CMS in Dianthus spiculifolius remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether male-sterile line of D. spiculifolius has a malformed tapetum and fails to produce normal fertile pollen. RNA sequencing technology was used to compare the gene expression patterns of the D. spiculifolius male-sterile line and its male fertility maintainer line during anther development. A total of 12,365 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, among which 1765 were commonly expressed in the S1, S2 and S3 stages. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in oxidation-reduction processes, signal transduction and programmed cell death. Additionally, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) showed that three modules may be related to male sterility. A putative regulatory pathway for the male sterility traits was constructed based on the reproductive development network. After introducing the candidate DsHSP70 gene into Arabidopsis thaliana, we found that overexpressing plants showed anther abortion and shorter filaments, and accompanied by abnormal degeneration of sepals and petals. In summary, our results identified potential candidate genes and pathways related to CMS in D. spiculifolius, providing new insights for further research on the mechanism of male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhu Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Han Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Rong Ye
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinxue Du
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haizhen Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Aimin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Gautam R, Shukla P, Kirti PB. Male sterility in plants: an overview of advancements from natural CMS to genetically manipulated systems for hybrid seed production. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:195. [PMID: 37606708 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The male sterility system in plants has traditionally been utilized for hybrid seed production. In last three decades, genetic manipulation for male sterility has revolutionized this area of research related to hybrid seed production technology. Here, we have surveyed some of the natural cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems that existed/ were developed in different crop plants for developing male sterility-fertility restoration systems used in hybrid seed production and highlighted some of the recent biotechnological advancements in the development of genetically engineered systems that occurred in this area. We have indicated the possible future directions toward the development of engineered male sterility systems. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an important trait that is naturally prevalent in many plant species, which has been used in the development of hybrid varieties. This is associated with the use of appropriate genes for fertility restoration provided by the restorer line that restores fertility on the corresponding CMS line. The development of hybrids based on a CMS system has been demonstrated in several different crops. However, there are examples of species, which do not have usable cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration systems (Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterility Systems-CGMS) for hybrid variety development. In such plants, it is necessary to develop usable male sterile lines through genetic engineering with the use of heterologous expression of suitable genes that control the development of male gametophyte and fertile male gamete formation. They can also be developed through gene editing using the recently developed CRISPR-Cas technology to knock out suitable genes that are responsible for the development of male gametes. The present review aims at providing an insight into the development of various technologies for successful production of hybrid varieties and is intended to provide only essential information on male sterility systems starting from naturally occurring ones to the genetically engineered systems obtained through different means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Gautam
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Pawan Shukla
- Seri-Biotech Research Laboratory, Central Silk Board, Carmelram Post, Kodathi, Bangalore, 560035, India.
| | - P B Kirti
- Agri Biotech Foundation, PJTS Agricultural University Campus, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
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Kitazaki K, Oda K, Akazawa A, Iwahori R. Molecular genetics of cytoplasmic male sterility and restorer-of-fertility for the fine tuning of pollen production in crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:156. [PMID: 37330934 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an increasingly important issue within the context of hybrid seed production. Its genetic framework is simple: S-cytoplasm for male sterility induction and dominant allele of the restorer-of-fertility gene (Rf) for suppression of S. However, breeders sometimes encounter a phenotype of CMS plants too complex to be explained via this simple model. The molecular basis of CMS provides clue to the mechanisms that underlie the expression of CMS. Mitochondria have been associated with S, and several unique ORFs to S-mitochondria are thought to be responsible for the induction of male sterility in various crops. Their functions are still the subject of debate, but they have been hypothesized to emit elements that trigger sterility. Rf suppresses the action of S by various mechanisms. Some Rfs, including those that encode the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein and other proteins, are now considered members of unique gene families that are specific to certain lineages. Additionally, they are thought to be complex loci in which several genes in a haplotype simultaneously counteract an S-cytoplasm and differences in the suite of genes in a haplotype can lead to multiple allelism including strong and weak Rf at phenotypic level. The stability of CMS is influenced by factors such as the environment, cytoplasm, and genetic background; the interaction of these factors is also important. In contrast, unstable CMS becomes inducible CMS if its expression can be controlled. CMS becomes environmentally sensitive in a genotype-dependent manner, suggesting the feasibility of controlling the expression of CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kitazaki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Kotoko Oda
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akiho Akazawa
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryoma Iwahori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Small I, Melonek J, Bohne AV, Nickelsen J, Schmitz-Linneweber C. Plant organellar RNA maturation. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1727-1751. [PMID: 36807982 PMCID: PMC10226603 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant organellar RNA metabolism is run by a multitude of nucleus-encoded RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that control RNA stability, processing, and degradation. In chloroplasts and mitochondria, these post-transcriptional processes are vital for the production of a small number of essential components of the photosynthetic and respiratory machinery-and consequently for organellar biogenesis and plant survival. Many organellar RBPs have been functionally assigned to individual steps in RNA maturation, often specific to selected transcripts. While the catalog of factors identified is ever-growing, our knowledge of how they achieve their functions mechanistically is far from complete. This review summarizes the current knowledge of plant organellar RNA metabolism taking an RBP-centric approach and focusing on mechanistic aspects of RBP functions and the kinetics of the processes they are involved in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Small
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Joanna Melonek
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | | | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Department of Molecular Plant Sciences, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Chen L, Ren W, Zhang B, Guo H, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhuang M, Lv H, Wang Y, Ji J, Hou X, Zhang Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Potential Regulatory Network for Ogura Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076703. [PMID: 37047676 PMCID: PMC10094764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines are widely used breeding materials in cruciferous crops and play important roles in heterosis utilization; however, the sterility mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the microspore development process and gene expression changes after the introduction of orf138 and Rfo, cytological observation and transcriptome analysis were performed using a maintainer line, an Ogura CMS line, and a restorer line. Semithin sections of microspores at different developmental stages showed that the degradation of tapetal cells began at the tetrad stage in the Ogura CMS line, while it occurred at the bicellular microspore stage to the tricellular microspore stage in the maintainer and restorer lines. Therefore, early degradation of tapetal cells may be the cause of pollen abortion. Transcriptome analysis results showed that a total of 1287 DEGs had consistent expression trends in the maintainer line and restorer line, but were significantly up- or down-regulated in the Ogura CMS line, indicating that they may be closely related to pollen abortion. Functional annotation showed that the 1287 core DEGs included a large number of genes related to pollen development, oxidative phosphorylation, carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. In addition, further verification elucidated that down-regulated expression of genes related to energy metabolism led to decreased ATP content and excessive ROS accumulation in the anthers of Ogura CMS. Based on these results, we propose a transcriptome-mediated induction and regulatory network for cabbage Ogura CMS. Our research provides new insights into the mechanism of pollen abortion and fertility restoration in Ogura CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jialei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
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12
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Cheng C, Nie H, Li H, Adjibolosoo D, Li B, Jiang K, Cui Y, Zhu M, Zhou B, Guo A, Hua J. Identification of fertility restoration candidate genes from a restorer line R186 for Gossypium harknessii cytoplasmic male sterile cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:175. [PMID: 37016285 PMCID: PMC10071737 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilization of heterosis based on three-line system is an effective strategy in crop breeding. However, cloning and mechanism elucidation of restorer genes for cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in upland cotton have yet been realized. RESULTS This research is based on CMS line 2074A with the cytoplasm from Gossypium harknessii (D2-2) and restorer line R186. The offspring of 2074A × R186 were used to conduct genetic analysis. The fertility mechanism of 2074A can be speculated to be governed by multiple genes, since neither the single gene model nor the double genes model could be used. The bulked segregant analysis (BSA) for (2074A × R186) F2 determined the genetic interval of restorer genes on a region of 4.30 Mb on chromosome D05 that contains 77 annotated genes. Four genes were identified as candidates for fertility restoration using the RNA-seq data of 2074A, 2074B, and R186. There are a number of large effect variants in the four genes between 2074A and R186 that could cause amino acid changes. Evolutionary analysis and identity analysis revealed that GH_D05G3183, GH_D05G3384, and GH_D05G3490 have high identity with their homologs in D2-2, respectively. Tissue differential expression analysis revealed that the genes GH_D05G3183, GH_D05G3384, and GH_D05G3490 were highly expressed in the buds of the line R186. The predicted results demonstrated that GH_D05G3183, GH_D05G3384 and GH_D05G3490 might interact with GH_A02G1295 to regulate orf610a in mitochondria. CONCLUSION Our study uncovered candidate genes for fertility restoration in the restorer line R186 and predicted the possible mechanism for restoring the male fertility in 2074A. This research provided valuable insight into the nucleoplasmic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding /Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hushuai Nie
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding /Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huijing Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding /Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Daniel Adjibolosoo
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding /Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding /Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kaiyun Jiang
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding /Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding /Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding /Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baixue Zhou
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding /Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Anhui Guo
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding /Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinping Hua
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding /Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China.
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13
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Zhang Y, An R, Song M, Xie C, Wei S, Wang D, Dong Y, Jia Q, Huang S, Mu J. A Set of Molecular Markers to Accelerate Breeding and Determine Seed Purity of CMS Three-Line Hybrids in Brassica napus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1514. [PMID: 37050140 PMCID: PMC10096742 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the main mechanism employed to utilize the heterosis of Brassica napus. CMS three-line rapeseed hybrids have dramatically enhanced yield and brought about the global revolution of hybrid varieties, replacing conventional crop varieties. Over the last half century, China has led the development of hybrid Brassica napus varieties. Two sterile lines, polima (pol) and shaan 2A, were of particular importance for the establishment of three-line hybrid systems in rapeseed, which has opened up a new era of heterosis utilization. However, in current breeding practices, it takes up to three years to identify the restorer or maintainer relationship and the cytoplasmic type of any inbred material. This greatly affects the breeding speed of new varieties and inhibits the rapid development of the rapeseed industry. To address this problem, we developed a set of molecular markers for the identification of fertile cytoplasmic gene N and sterile cytoplasmic gene S, as well as for the fertile nucleus gene R and sterile nucleus gene r, based on differences in the gene sequences between the CMS line, maintainer line and restorer line of Brassica napus. Combining these markers can accurately identify the CMS line, maintainer and restorer of both the pol and shaan systems, as well as their hybrids. These markers can not only be used to identify of the maintainer and restorer relationship of inbred materials; they can also be used as general molecular markers to identify the CMS-type hybrid purity of pol and shaan systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhang
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (S.W.); (Y.D.); (Q.J.)
| | - Ran An
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (S.W.); (Y.D.); (Q.J.)
| | - Min Song
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (S.W.); (Y.D.); (Q.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Changgen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Shihao Wei
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (S.W.); (Y.D.); (Q.J.)
| | - Daojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (S.W.); (Y.D.); (Q.J.)
| | - Qingli Jia
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (S.W.); (Y.D.); (Q.J.)
| | - Shuhua Huang
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (S.W.); (Y.D.); (Q.J.)
| | - Jianxin Mu
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (R.A.); (M.S.); (S.W.); (Y.D.); (Q.J.)
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14
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McDowell R, Small I, Bond CS. Synthetic PPR proteins as tools for sequence-specific targeting of RNA. Methods 2022; 208:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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15
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Cheng Z, Song W, Zhang X. Genic male and female sterility in vegetable crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac232. [PMID: 36643746 PMCID: PMC9832880 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable crops are greatly appreciated for their beneficial nutritional and health components. Hybrid seeds are widely used in vegetable crops for advantages such as high yield and improved resistance, which require the participation of male (stamen) and female (pistil) reproductive organs. Male- or female-sterile plants are commonly used for production of hybrid seeds or seedless fruits in vegetables. In this review we will focus on the types of genic male sterility and factors affecting female fertility, summarize typical gene function and research progress related to reproductive organ identity and sporophyte and gametophyte development in vegetable crops [mainly tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus)], and discuss the research trends and application perspectives of the sterile trait in vegetable breeding and hybrid production, in order to provide a reference for fertility-related germplasm innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiyuan Song
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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16
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Ren W, Si J, Chen L, Fang Z, Zhuang M, Lv H, Wang Y, Ji J, Yu H, Zhang Y. Mechanism and Utilization of Ogura Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Cruciferae Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169099. [PMID: 36012365 PMCID: PMC9409259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid production using lines with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has become an important way to utilize heterosis in vegetables. Ogura CMS, with the advantages of complete pollen abortion, ease of transfer and a progeny sterility rate reaching 100%, is widely used in cruciferous crop breeding. The mapping, cloning, mechanism and application of Ogura CMS and fertility restorer genes in Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea and other cruciferous crops are reviewed herein, and the existing problems and future research directions in the application of Ogura CMS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ren
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinchao Si
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jialei Ji
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
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17
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Grüttner S, Nguyen TT, Bruhs A, Mireau H, Kempken F. The P-type pentatricopeptide repeat protein DWEORG1 is a non-previously reported rPPR protein of Arabidopsis mitochondria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12492. [PMID: 35864185 PMCID: PMC9304396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression in plant mitochondria is mainly regulated by nuclear-encoded proteins on a post-transcriptional level. Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins play a major role by participating in mRNA stability, splicing, RNA editing, and translation initiation. PPR proteins were also shown to be part of the mitochondrial ribosome (rPPR proteins), which may act as regulators of gene expression in plants. In this study, we focus on a mitochondrial-located P-type PPR protein—DWEORG1—from Arabidopsis thaliana. Its abundance in mitochondria is high, and it has a similar expression pattern as rPPR proteins. Mutant dweorg1 plants exhibit a slow-growth phenotype. Using ribosome profiling, a decrease in translation efficiency for cox2, rps4, rpl5, and ccmFN2 was observed in dweorg1 mutants, correlating with a reduced accumulation of the Cox2 protein in these plants. In addition, the mitochondrial rRNA levels are significantly reduced in dweorg1 compared with the wild type. DWEORG1 co-migrates with the ribosomal proteins Rps4 and Rpl16 in sucrose gradients, suggesting an association of DWEORG1 with the mitoribosome. Collectively, this data suggests that DWEORG1 encodes a novel rPPR protein that is needed for the translation of cox2, rps4, rpl5, and ccmFN2 and provides a stabilizing function for mitochondrial ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Grüttner
- Abteilung Botanische Genetik und Molekularbiologie, Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tan-Trung Nguyen
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Anika Bruhs
- Abteilung Botanische Genetik und Molekularbiologie, Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hakim Mireau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France.
| | - Frank Kempken
- Abteilung Botanische Genetik und Molekularbiologie, Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
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18
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Xu F, Yang X, Zhao N, Hu Z, Mackenzie SA, Zhang M, Yang J. Exploiting sterility and fertility variation in cytoplasmic male sterile vegetable crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab039. [PMID: 35039865 PMCID: PMC8807945 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has long been used to economically produce hybrids that harness growth vigor through heterosis. Yet, how CMS systems operate within commercially viable seed production strategies in various economically important vegetable crops, and their underlying molecular mechanisms, are often overlooked details that could expand the utility of CMS as a cost-effective and stable system. We provide here an update on the nature of cytoplasmic-nuclear interplay for pollen sterility and fertility transitions in vegetable crops, based on the discovery of components of nuclear fertility restoration and reversion determinants. Within plant CMS systems, pollen fertility can be rescued by the introduction of nuclear fertility restorer genes (Rfs), which operate by varied mechanisms to countermand the sterility phenotype. By understanding these systems, it is now becoming feasible to achieve fertility restoration with Rfs designed for programmable CMS-associated open reading frames (ORFs). Likewise, new opportunities exist for targeted disruption of CMS-associated ORFs by mito-TALENs in crops where natural Rfs have not been readily identified, providing an alternative approach to recovering fertility of cytoplasmic male sterile lines in crops. Recent findings show that facultative gynodioecy, as a reproductive strategy, can coordinate the sterility and fertility transition in response to environmental cues and/or metabolic signals that reflect ecological conditions of reproductive isolation. This information is important to devising future systems that are more inherently stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Xu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Zhao
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Sally A Mackenzie
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang, 310058, China
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19
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Molecular Analysis Uncovers the Mechanism of Fertility Restoration in Temperature-Sensitive Polima Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212450. [PMID: 34830333 PMCID: PMC8617660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-sensitive male sterility is a heritable agronomic trait affected by genotype-environment interactions. In rapeseed (Brassica napus), Polima (pol) temperature-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (TCMS) is commonly used for two-line breeding, as the fertility of pol TCMS lines can be partially restored at certain temperatures. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism that controls fertility restoration. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the fertility conversion mechanism of the pol TCMS line at two different ambient temperatures (16 °C and 25 °C). Our results showed that the anthers developed and produced vigorous pollen at 16 °C but not at 25 °C. In addition, we identified a novel co-transcript of orf224-atp6 in the mitochondria that might lead to fertility conversion of the pol TCMS line. RNA-seq analysis showed that 1637 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the fertile flowers of 596-L when compared to the sterile flower of 1318 and 596-H. Detailed analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were involved in temperature response, ROS accumulation, anther development, and mitochondrial function. Single-molecule long-read isoform sequencing combined with RNA sequencing revealed numerous genes produce alternative splicing transcripts at high temperatures. Here, we also found that alternative oxidase, type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases, and transcription factor Hsfs might play a crucial role in male fertility under the low-temperature condition. RNA sequencing and bulked segregant analysis coupled with whole-genome sequencing identified the candidate genes involved in the post-transcriptional modification of orf224. Overall, our study described a putative mechanism of fertility restoration in a pol TCMS line controlled by ambient temperature that might help utilise TCMS in the two-line breeding of Brassica crops.
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