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Tian Y, Zhang M, Liu LX, Wang ZC, Liu B, Huang Y, Wang X, Ling YZ, Wang F, Feng X, Tu Y. Exploring non-coding RNA mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for therapy and prognosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1400744. [PMID: 38799446 PMCID: PMC11116607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant contributor to cancer-related deaths in the world. The development and progression of HCC are closely correlated with the abnormal regulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Important biological pathways in cancer biology, such as cell proliferation, death, and metastasis, are impacted by these ncRNAs, which modulate gene expression. The abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs in HCC raises the possibility that they could be applied as new biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment targets. Furthermore, by controlling the expression of cancer-related genes, miRNAs can function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. On the other hand, lncRNAs play a role in the advancement of cancer by interacting with other molecules within the cell, which, in turn, affects processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcription, and post-transcriptional processes. The importance of ncRNA-driven regulatory systems in HCC is being highlighted by current research, which sheds light on tumor behavior and therapy response. This research highlights the great potential of ncRNAs to improve patient outcomes in this difficult disease landscape by augmenting the present methods of HCC care through the use of precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL, United States
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Li-xia Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zi-chao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Youcai Huang
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-zhi Ling
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People’s Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Xu Y, Liu YZ, Al-Adra DP, Yeh MM, Zhang Z. Five Critical Gene-Based Biomarkers With Optimal Performance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351231190477. [PMID: 37577174 PMCID: PMC10413891 DOI: 10.1177/11769351231190477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal cancers in the world. There is an urgent need to understand the molecular background of HCC to facilitate the identification of biomarkers and discover effective therapeutic targets. Published transcriptomic studies have reported a large number of genes that are individually significant for HCC. However, reliable biomarkers remain to be determined. In this study, built on max-linear competing risk factor models, we developed a machine learning analytical framework to analyze transcriptomic data to identify the most miniature set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). By analyzing 9 public whole-transcriptome datasets (containing 1184 HCC samples and 672 nontumor controls), we identified 5 critical differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (ie, CCDC107, CXCL12, GIGYF1, GMNN, and IFFO1) between HCC and control samples. The classifiers built on these 5 DEGs reached nearly perfect performance in identification of HCC. The performance of the 5 DEGs was further validated in a US Caucasian cohort that we collected (containing 17 HCC with paired nontumor tissue). The conceptual advance of our work lies in modeling gene-gene interactions and correcting batch effect in the analytic framework. The classifiers built on the 5 DEGs demonstrated clear signature patterns for HCC. The results are interpretable, robust, and reproducible across diverse cohorts/populations with various disease etiologies, indicating the 5 DEGs are intrinsic variables that can describe the overall features of HCC at the genomic level. The analytical framework applied in this study may pave a new way for improving transcriptome profiling analysis of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heping Zhang
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yao-Zhong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David P Al-Adra
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew M Yeh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhengjun Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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3
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Maslakova AA, Golyshev SA, Potashnikova DM, Moisenovich AM, Orlovsky IV, Smirnova OV, Rubtsov MA. SERPINA1 long transcripts produce non-secretory alpha1-antitrypsin isoform: In vitro translation in living cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124433. [PMID: 37086761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
SERPINA1 is a well-studied serpin gene due to its dramatic impact on human health. Translation initiation at the main SERPINA1 start codon produces the only known alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) isoform intended for secretion. AAT performs essential functions by inhibiting proteases and modulating immunity. However, SERPINA1 expression at the level of translation is not sufficiently studied. Here we hypothesize that the main SERPINA1 ORF can be alternatively translated, producing a non-secretory AAT isoform by either masking or excluding a signal peptide. We defined SERPINA1 long mRNA isoforms specific for prostate (DU145) and liver (HepG2) cell lines and studied their individual expression by in vitro assay. We found that all long transcripts produce both glycosylated secretory AAT-eGFP fusion protein and non-glycosylated intracellular AAT-eGFP (initiated from an alternative AUG-2 start codon), with the proportion regulated by the SERPINA1 5'-UTR. Both fusion proteins localize to distinct cellular compartments: in contrast to a fusion with the secretory AAT accumulating in the ER, the intracellular one exhibits nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling. We detected putative endogenous AAT isoform enriching the nuclear speckles. CONCLUSION: Alternative translation initiation might be a mechanism through which SERPINA1 expands the biological diversity of its protein products. Our findings open up new prospects for the study of SERPINA1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Maslakova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - S A Golyshev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - D M Potashnikova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A M Moisenovich
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - I V Orlovsky
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - O V Smirnova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - M A Rubtsov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia; Center for Industrial Technologies and Entrepreneurship, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya, Moscow 119991, Russia
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4
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Chiang CC, Yeh H, Lim SN, Lin WR. Transcriptome analysis creates a new era of precision medicine for managing recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:780-799. [PMID: 36816628 PMCID: PMC9932421 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i5.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence negatively impacts outcomes of patients treated with curative intent despite advances in surgical techniques and other locoregional liver-targeting therapies. Over the past few decades, the emergence of transcriptome analysis tools, including real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, microarrays, and RNA sequencing, has not only largely contributed to our knowledge about the pathogenesis of recurrent HCC but also led to the development of outcome prediction models based on differentially expressed gene signatures. In recent years, the single-cell RNA sequencing technique has revolutionized our ability to study the complicated crosstalk between cancer cells and the immune environment, which may benefit further investigations on the role of different immune cells in HCC recurrence and the identification of potential therapeutic targets. In the present article, we summarized the major findings yielded with these transcriptome methods within the framework of a causal model consisting of three domains: primary cancer cells; carcinogenic stimuli; and tumor microenvironment. We provided a comprehensive review of the insights that transcriptome analyses have provided into diagnostics, surveillance, and treatment of HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Cheng Chiang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, United States
| | - Hsuan Yeh
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Siew-Na Lim
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wey-Ran Lin
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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5
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Fornari F, Giovannini C, Piscaglia F, Gramantieri L. Animal Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Applications in Clinical Research. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:1263-1278. [DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s347946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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6
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Li C, Liu X, Wu J, Ji X, Xu Q. Research progress in toxicological effects and mechanism of aflatoxin B 1 toxin. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13850. [PMID: 35945939 PMCID: PMC9357370 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal contamination of animal feed can severely affect the health of farm animals, and result in considerable economic losses. Certain filamentous fungi or molds produce toxic secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins, of which aflatoxins (AFTs) are considered the most critical dietary risk factor for both humans and animals. AFTs are ubiquitous in the environment, soil, and food crops, and aflatoxin B1(AFB1) has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most potent natural group 1A carcinogen. We reviewed the literature on the toxic effects of AFB1 in humans and animals along with its toxicokinetic properties. The damage induced by AFB1 in cells and tissues is mainly achieved through cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. In addition, numerous coding genes and non-coding RNAs have been identified that regulate AFB1 toxicity. This review is a summary of the current research on the complexity of AFB1 toxicity, and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms as well as the phenotypic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangbo Ji
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Henan Key Laboratory of Unconventional Feed Resources Innovative Utilization, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiuliang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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7
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Liu Y, Al‐Adra DP, Lan R, Jung G, Li H, Yeh MM, Liu Y. RNA sequencing analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma identified oxidative phosphorylation as a major pathologic feature. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2170-2181. [PMID: 35344307 PMCID: PMC9315135 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of expression of functional genes and pathways plays critical roles in the etiology and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Next generation-based RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) offers unparalleled power to comprehensively characterize HCC at the whole transcriptome level. In this study, 17 fresh-frozen HCC samples with paired non-neoplastic liver tissue from Caucasian patients undergoing liver resection or transplantation were used for RNA-seq analysis. Pairwise differential expression analysis of the RNA-seq data was performed to identify genes, pathways, and functional terms differentially regulated in HCC versus normal tissues. At a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.10, 13% (n = 4335) of transcripts were up-regulated and 19% (n = 6454) of transcripts were down-regulated in HCC versus non-neoplastic tissue. Eighty-five Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were differentially regulated (FDR, <0.10), with almost all pathways (n = 83) being up-regulated in HCC versus non-neoplastic tissue. Among the top up-regulated pathways was oxidative phosphorylation (hsa00190; FDR, 1.12E-15), which was confirmed by Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) gene set enrichment analysis. Consistent with potential oxidative stress due to activated oxidative phosphorylation, DNA damage-related signals (e.g., the up-regulated hsa03420 nucleotide excision repair [FDR, 1.14E-04] and hsa03410 base excision repair [FDR, 2.71E-04] pathways) were observed. Among down-regulated genes (FDR, <0.10), functional terms related to cellular structures (e.g., cell membrane [FDR, 3.05E-21] and cell junction [FDR, 2.41E-07], were highly enriched, suggesting compromised formation of cellular structure in HCC at the transcriptome level. Interestingly, the olfactory transduction (hsa04740; FDR, 1.53E-07) pathway was observed to be down-regulated in HCC versus non-neoplastic tissue, suggesting impaired liver chemosensory functions in HCC. Our findings suggest oxidative phosphorylation and the associated DNA damage may be the major driving pathologic feature in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - David P. Al‐Adra
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Ruoxin Lan
- Department of Biostatistics and Data ScienceTulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Geunyoung Jung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Huihua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Matthew M. Yeh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWisconsinUSA
| | - Yao‐Zhong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data ScienceTulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
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8
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Yang Y, Ma Y, Yuan M, Peng Y, Fang Z, Wang J. Identifying the biomarkers and pathways associated with hepatocellular carcinoma based on an integrated analysis approach. Liver Int 2021; 41:2485-2498. [PMID: 34033190 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The molecular mechanism underlying HCC is still unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to explore the genes, pathways and their interactions involved in HCC. METHODS We analysed the gene expression datasets corresponding to 488 samples from 10 studies on HCC and identified the genes differentially expressed in HCC samples. Then, the genes were compared against Phenolyzer and GeneCards to screen those potentially associated with HCC. The features of the selected genes were explored by mapping them onto the human protein-protein interaction network, and a subnetwork related to HCC was constructed. Hub genes in this HCC specific subnetwork were identified, and their relevance with HCC was investigated by survival analysis. RESULTS We identified 444 differentially expressed genes (177 upregulated and 267 downregulated) related to HCC. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that pathways like p53 signalling and chemical carcinogenesis were eriched in HCC genes. In the subnetwork related to HCC, five disease modules were detected. Further analysis identified six hub genes from the HCC specific subnetwork. Survival analysis showed that the expression levels of these genes were negatively correlated with survival rate of HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS Based on a systems biology framework, we identified the genes, pathways, as well as the disease specific network related to HCC. We also found novel biomarkers whose expression patterns were correlated with progression of HCC, and they could be candidates for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuequn Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonglin Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhonghai Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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9
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Hu A, Wei Z, Zheng Z, Luo B, Yi J, Zhou X, Zeng C. A Computational Framework to Identify Transcriptional and Network Differences between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Normal Liver Tissue and Their Applications in Repositioning Drugs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9921195. [PMID: 34604388 PMCID: PMC8483911 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9921195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and lethal malignancies worldwide. Although there have been extensive studies on the molecular mechanisms of its carcinogenesis, FDA-approved drugs for HCC are rare. Side effects, development time, and cost of these drugs are the major bottlenecks, which can be partially overcome by drug repositioning. In this study, we developed a computational framework to study the mechanisms of HCC carcinogenesis, in which drug perturbation-induced gene expression signatures were utilized for repositioning of potential drugs. Specifically, we first performed differential expression analysis and coexpression network module analysis on the HCC dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differential gene expression analysis identified 1,337 differentially expressed genes between HCC and adjacent normal tissues, which were significantly enriched in functions related to various pathways, including α-adrenergic receptor activity pathway and epinephrine binding pathway. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) suggested that the number of coexpression modules was higher in HCC tissues than in normal tissues. Finally, by correlating differentially expressed genes with drug perturbation-related signatures, we prioritized a few potential drugs, including nutlin and eribulin, for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The drugs have been reported by a few experimental studies to be effective in killing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Hu
- Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Xiantao 433000, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Xiantao 433000, China
| | - Zuxiang Zheng
- Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Xiantao 433000, China
| | - Bichao Luo
- Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Xiantao 433000, China
| | - Jieming Yi
- Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Xiantao 433000, China
| | - Xinhong Zhou
- Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Xiantao 433000, China
| | - Changjiang Zeng
- Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Xiantao 433000, China
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Ogino M, Fujii T, Nakazawa Y, Higuchi T, Koibuchi Y, Oyama T, Horiguchi J, Shirabe K. Implications of Topoisomerase (TOP1 and TOP2α) Expression in Patients With Breast Cancer. In Vivo 2021; 34:3483-3487. [PMID: 33144457 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We evaluated the usefulness of topoisomerases (TOPs) expression as prognostic predictors in breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively investigated sixty cases with primary breast cancer. We evaluated the tumor and non-tumor mRNA levels of TOP1 and TOP2α using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. TOP1/TOP2α positivity was defined as the ratio of the mRNA expression of cancer/normal tissue of >1 for both TOP1 and TOP2α. RESULTS TOP1 and TOP2α were markedly overexpressed in breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissues. Of the 60 cases, 46 (76.7%) were positive for TOP1/TOP2α. The relapse-free survival was relatively shorter for patients with positive TOP1/TOP2α. There was no recurrent disease among the 14 patients who were negative for TOP1/TOP2α, whereas four of the 46 TOP1/TOP2α-positive patients had disease recurrence. CONCLUSION Negative TOP1 or TOP2α expression may be useful for predicting better prognoses in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Ogino
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takaaki Fujii
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan .,Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakazawa
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toru Higuchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Saitama Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukio Koibuchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
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11
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Ceylan H. Identification of hub genes associated with obesity-induced hepatocellular carcinoma risk based on integrated bioinformatics analysis. Med Oncol 2021; 38:63. [PMID: 33900477 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, which has become one of the biggest public health problems of the twenty-first century, accompanies many chronic conditions, including cancer. On the other hand, liver cancer, which is known to be associated with obesity, is considered another serious threat to public health. However, the underlying drivers of the development of obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain blurry. The current study attempted to identify the key genes and pathways in the obesity-induced development of HCC using integrated bioinformatics analyses. Obesity and HCC-associated gene expression datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed to identify overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and hub genes. The prognostic potentials, survival analysis, and expression levels of hub genes were further assessed. Moreover, the correlation between hub genes and the immune cells infiltration was analyzed. The findings of this research revealed that both mRNA and protein expression levels of the four hub genes (IGF1, ACADL, CYP2C9, and G6PD) involved in many important metabolic pathways are remarkably altered in both obese individuals and patients with HCC. The results demonstrated that these dysregulated genes in both obesity and HCC may serve as considerable targets for the prevention and treatment of HCC development in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ceylan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25400, Erzurum, Turkey.
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12
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Giaimo BD, Robert-Finestra T, Oswald F, Gribnau J, Borggrefe T. Chromatin Regulator SPEN/SHARP in X Inactivation and Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071665. [PMID: 33916248 PMCID: PMC8036811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving not only the activation of oncogenes and disabling tumor suppressor genes, but also epigenetic modulation of gene expression. X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a paradigm to study heterochromatin formation and maintenance. The double dosage of X chromosomal genes in female mammals is incompatible with early development. XCI is an excellent model system for understanding the establishment of facultative heterochromatin initiated by the expression of a 17,000 nt long non-coding RNA, known as Xinactivespecifictranscript (Xist), on the X chromosome. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of how epigenetic modulators act in a step-wise manner to establish facultative heterochromatin, and we put these in the context of cancer biology and disease. An in depth understanding of XCI will allow a better characterization of particular types of cancer and hopefully facilitate the development of novel epigenetic therapies. Abstract Enzymes, such as histone methyltransferases and demethylases, histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases, and DNA methyltransferases are known as epigenetic modifiers that are often implicated in tumorigenesis and disease. One of the best-studied chromatin-based mechanism is X chromosome inactivation (XCI), a process that establishes facultative heterochromatin on only one X chromosome in females and establishes the right dosage of gene expression. The specificity factor for this process is the long non-coding RNA Xinactivespecifictranscript (Xist), which is upregulated from one X chromosome in female cells. Subsequently, Xist is bound by the corepressor SHARP/SPEN, recruiting and/or activating histone deacetylases (HDACs), leading to the loss of active chromatin marks such as H3K27ac. In addition, polycomb complexes PRC1 and PRC2 establish wide-spread accumulation of H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub1 chromatin marks. The lack of active marks and establishment of repressive marks set the stage for DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) to stably silence the X chromosome. Here, we will review the recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of how heterochromatin formation is established and put this into the context of carcinogenesis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetto Daniele Giaimo
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.D.G.); (T.B.); Tel.: +49-641-9947-400 (T.B.)
| | - Teresa Robert-Finestra
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Oncode Institute, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.R.-F.); (J.G.)
| | - Franz Oswald
- Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Joost Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Oncode Institute, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.R.-F.); (J.G.)
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.D.G.); (T.B.); Tel.: +49-641-9947-400 (T.B.)
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Chen W, Jiang J, Gong L, Shu Z, Xiang D, Zhang X, Bi K, Diao H. Hepatitis B virus P protein initiates glycolytic bypass in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma via a FOXO3/miRNA-30b-5p/MINPP1 axis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:1. [PMID: 33390177 PMCID: PMC7779247 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a crucial risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its underlying mechanism remains understudied. Methods Microarray analysis was conducted to compare the genes and miRNAs in liver tissue from HBV-positive and HBV-negative HCC patients. Biological functions of these biomarkers in HBV-related HCC were validated via in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of HBV on the proliferation and migration of tumor cells in HBV-positive HCC tissue. Bioinformatics analysis was then performed to validate the clinical value of the biomarkers in a large HCC cohort. Results We found that a gene, MINPP1 from the glycolytic bypass metabolic pathway, has an important biological function in the development of HBV-positive HCC. MINPP1 is down-regulated in HBV-positive HCC and could inhibit the proliferation and migration of the tumor cells. Meanwhile, miRNA-30b-5p was found to be a stimulator for the proliferation of tumor cell through glycolytic bypass in HBV-positive HCC. More importantly, miRNA-30b-5p could significantly downregulate MINPP1 expression. Metabolic experiments showed that the miRNA-30b-5p/MINPP1 axis is able to accelerate the conversion of glucose to lactate and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG). In the HBV-negative HCC cells, miRNA-30b-5p/MINPP1 could not regulate the glycolytic bypass to promote the tumorigenesis. However, once HBV was introduced into these cells, miRNA-30b-5p/MINPP1 significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration of tumor cells, and promoted the glycolytic bypass. We further revealed that HBV infection promoted the expression of miRNA-30b-5p through the interaction of HBV protein P (HBp) with FOXO3. Bioinformatics analysis on a large cohort dataset showed that high expression of MINPP1 was associated with favorable survival of HBV-positive HCC patients, which could lead to a slower progress of this disease. Conclusion Our study found that the HBp/FOXO3/miRNA-30b-5p/MINPP1 axis contributes to the development of HBV-positive HCC cells through the glycolytic bypass. We also presented miRNA-30b-5p/MINPP1 as a novel biomarker for HBV-positive HCC early diagnosis and a potential pharmaceutical target for antitumor therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-020-01803-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zheyue Shu
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Dairong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Kefan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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14
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Zhu Z, Li L, Xu J, Ye W, Chen B, Zeng J, Huang Z. Comprehensive analysis reveals a metabolic ten-gene signature in hepatocellular carcinoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9201. [PMID: 32518728 PMCID: PMC7258935 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the complicated molecular and cellular heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the morbidity and mortality still remains high level in the world. However, the number of novel metabolic biomarkers and prognostic models could be applied to predict the survival of HCC patients is still small. In this study, we constructed a metabolic gene signature by systematically analyzing the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumors and paired non-tumor samples of 50 patients from TCGA dataset were calculated for subsequent analysis. Univariate cox proportional hazard regression and LASSO analysis were performed to construct a gene signature. The Kaplan–Meier analysis, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Univariate and Multivariate Cox regression analysis, stratification analysis were used to assess the prognostic value of the gene signature. Furthermore, the reliability and validity were validated in four types of testing cohorts. Moreover, the diagnostic capability of the gene signature was investigated to further explore the clinical significance. Finally, Go enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) have been performed to reveal the different biological processes and signaling pathways which were active in high risk or low risk group. Results Ten prognostic genes were identified and a gene signature were constructed to predict overall survival (OS). The gene signature has demonstrated an excellent ability for predicting survival prognosis. Univariate and Multivariate analysis revealed the gene signature was an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, stratification analysis indicated the model was a clinically and statistically significant for all subgroups. Moreover, the gene signature demonstrated a high diagnostic capability in differentiating normal tissue and HCC. Finally, several significant biological processes and pathways have been identified to provide new insights into the development of HCC. Conclusion The study have identified ten metabolic prognostic genes and developed a prognostic gene signature to provide more powerful prognostic information and improve the survival prediction for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiuhua Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Weipeng Ye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Borong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Junjie Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhengjie Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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15
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Wang Q, Tang Q, Zhao L, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Hu H, Liu L, Liu X, Zhu Y, Guo A, Yang X. Time serial transcriptome reveals Cyp2c29 as a key gene in hepatocellular carcinoma development. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:401-417. [PMID: 32587777 PMCID: PMC7309465 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severely lethal cancer that usually originates from chronic liver injury and inflammation. Although progress on diagnosis and treatment is obvious, the cause of HCC remains unclear. In this study, we sought to determine key genes in HCC development. Methods: To identify key regulators during HCC progression, we performed transcriptome sequencing to obtain time series gene expression data from a mouse model with diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumors and further verified gene expression and function in vitro and in vivo. Results: Among the differentially expressed genes, Cyp2c29 was continuously downregulated during HCC progression. Overexpression of Cyp2c29 suppressed NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production by increasing the production of 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of Cyp2c29 in vivo protected against liver inflammation in mouse models of liver injury induced by both acetaminophen and CCl4. Two human homologs of mouse Cyp2c29, CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, were found to be downregulated in human HCC progression, and their expression was positively correlated with overall survival in patients with HCC (significance: P = 0.046 and 0.0097, respectively). Conclusions: Collectively, through systematic analysis and verification, we determined that Cyp2c29 is a novel gene involved in liver injury and inflammation, which may be a potential biomarker for HCC prevention and prognosis determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qin Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuxin Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yanhong Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Anyuan Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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16
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Identification of the possible therapeutic targets in the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor pathway in a cohort of Egyptian hepatocellular carcinoma complicating chronic hepatitis C type 4. Drug Target Insights 2020; 14:1-11. [PMID: 33132693 PMCID: PMC7597224 DOI: 10.33393/dti.2020.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Molecular targeted drugs are the first line of treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to its chemo- and radioresistant nature. HCC has several well-documented etiologic factors that drive hepatocarcinogenesis through different molecular pathways. Currently, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of HCC. Therefore, we included a unified cohort of HCV genotype 4-related HCCs to study the expression levels of genes involved in the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) pathway, which is known to be involved in all aspects of cancer growth and progression. Aim: Determine the gene expression patterns of IGF1R pathway genes in a cohort of Egyptian HCV-related HCCs. Correlate them with different patient/tumor characteristics. Determine the activity status of involved pathways. Methods: Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from 32 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of human HCV-related HCCs and 6 healthy liver donors as controls. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using RT2 Profiler PCR Array for Human Insulin Signaling Pathway was done to determine significantly up- and downregulated genes with identification of most frequently coregulated genes, followed by correlation of gene expression with different patient/tumor characteristics. Finally, canonical pathway analysis was performed using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Results: Six genes – AEBP1, AKT2, C-FOS, PIK3R1, PRKCI, SHC1 – were significantly overexpressed. Thirteen genes – ADRB3, CEBPA, DUSP14, ERCC1, FRS3, IGF2, INS, IRS1, JUN, MTOR, PIK3R2, PPP1CA, RPS6KA1 – were significantly underexpressed. Several differentially expressed genes were related to different tumor/patient characteristics. Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production pathway was significantly activated in the present cohort, while the growth hormone signaling pathway was inactive. Conclusions: The gene expression patterns identified in this study may serve as possible therapeutic targets in HCV-related HCCs. The most frequently coregulated genes may serve to guide combined molecular targeted therapies. The IGF1R pathway showed evidence of inactivity in the present cohort of HCV-related HCCs, so targeting this pathway in therapy may not be effective.
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17
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Cervello M, Emma MR, Augello G, Cusimano A, Giannitrapani L, Soresi M, Akula SM, Abrams SL, Steelman LS, Gulino A, Belmonte B, Montalto G, McCubrey JA. New landscapes and horizons in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3053-3094. [PMID: 32018226 PMCID: PMC7041742 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the sixth most frequent form of cancer and leads to the fourth highest number of deaths each year. HCC results from a combination of environmental factors and aging as there are driver mutations at oncogenes which occur during aging. Most of HCCs are diagnosed at advanced stage preventing curative therapies. Treatment in advanced stage is a challenging and pressing problem, and novel and well-tolerated therapies are urgently needed. We will discuss further advances beyond sorafenib that target additional signaling pathways and immune checkpoint proteins. The scenario of possible systemic therapies for patients with advanced HCC has changed dramatically in recent years. Personalized genomics and various other omics approaches may identify actionable biochemical targets, which are activated in individual patients, which may enhance therapeutic outcomes. Further studies are needed to identify predictive biomarkers and aberrantly activated signaling pathways capable of guiding the clinician in choosing the most appropriate therapy for the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria R. Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Shaw M. Akula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Stephen L. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Linda S. Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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Shen S, Dean DC, Yu Z, Duan Z. Role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in hepatocellular carcinoma: Therapeutic potential of targeting the CDK signaling pathway. Hepatol Res 2019; 49:1097-1108. [PMID: 31009153 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer related mortality in the world, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) representing the most common primary subtype. Two-thirds of HCC patients have advanced disease when diagnosed, and for these patients, treatment strategies remain limited. In addition, there is a high incidence of tumor recurrence after surgical resection with the current treatment regimens. The development of novel and more effective agents is required. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) constitute a family of 21 different protein kinases involved in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and drug resistance, and are evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials as chemotherapeutics. To summarize and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting CDKs in HCC, recent published articles identified from PubMed were comprehensively reviewed. The key words included hepatocellular carcinoma, cyclin-dependent kinases, and CDK inhibitors. This review focuses on the emerging evidence from studies describing the genetic and functional aspects of CDKs in HCC. We also present an overview of CDK inhibitors that have shown efficacy in laboratory studies of HCC. Although many of the studies assessing CDK-targeting therapies in HCC are at the preclinical stage, there is significant evidence that CDK inhibitors used alone or in combination with established chemotherapy drugs could have significant applications in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Shen
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dylan C Dean
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Sarathi A, Palaniappan A. Novel significant stage-specific differentially expressed genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:663. [PMID: 31277598 PMCID: PMC6612102 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is among top deadly cancers worldwide with a very poor prognosis, and the liver is a vulnerable site for metastases of other cancers. Early diagnosis is crucial for treatment of the predominant liver cancers, namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we developed a novel computational framework for the stage-specific analysis of HCC. METHODS Using publicly available clinical and RNA-Seq data of cancer samples and controls and the AJCC staging system, we performed a linear modelling analysis of gene expression across all stages and found significant genome-wide changes in the log fold-change of gene expression in cancer samples relative to control. To identify genes that were stage-specific controlling for confounding differential expression in other stages, we developed a set of six pairwise contrasts between the stages and enforced a p-value threshold (< 0.05) for each such contrast. Genes were specific for a stage if they passed all the significance filters for that stage. The monotonicity of gene expression with cancer progression was analyzed with a linear model using the cancer stage as a numeric variable. RESULTS Our analysis yielded two stage-I specific genes (CA9, WNT7B), two stage-II specific genes (APOBEC3B, FAM186A), ten stage-III specific genes including DLG5, PARI, NCAPG2, GNMT and XRCC2, and 35 stage-IV specific genes including GABRD, PGAM2, PECAM1 and CXCR2P1. Overexpression of DLG5 was found to be tumor-promoting contrary to the cancer literature on this gene. Further, GABRD was found to be signifincantly monotonically upregulated across stages. Our work has revealed 1977 genes with significant monotonic patterns of expression across cancer stages. NDUFA4L2, CRHBP and PIGU were top genes with monotonic changes of expression across cancer stages that could represent promising targets for therapy. Comparison with gene signatures from the BCLC staging system identified two genes, HSP90AB1 and ARHGAP42. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated overrepresented pathways specific to each stage, notably viral infection pathways in HCC initiation. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified novel significant stage-specific differentially expressed genes which could enhance our understanding of the molecular determinants of hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Our findings could serve as biomarkers that potentially underpin diagnosis as well as pinpoint therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sarathi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401 India
| | - Ashok Palaniappan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401 India
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20
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Xiang XH, Yang L, Zhang X, Ma XH, Miao RC, Gu JX, Fu YN, Yao Q, Zhang JY, Liu C, Lin T, Qu K. Seven-senescence-associated gene signature predicts overall survival for Asian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:1715-1728. [PMID: 31011256 PMCID: PMC6465944 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i14.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular senescence is a recognized barrier for progression of chronic liver diseases to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression of a cluster of genes is altered in response to environmental factors during senescence. However, it is questionable whether these genes could serve as biomarkers for HCC patients.
AIM To develop a signature of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) that predicts patients’ overall survival (OS) to improve prognosis prediction of HCC.
METHODS SAGs were identified using two senescent cell models. Univariate COX regression analysis was performed to screen the candidate genes significantly associated with OS of HCC in a discovery cohort (GSE14520) for the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator modelling. Prognostic value of this seven-gene signature was evaluated using two independent cohorts retrieved from the GEO (GSE14520) and the Cancer Genome Atlas datasets, respectively. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to compare the predictive accuracy of the seven-SAG signature and serum α-fetoprotein (AFP).
RESULTS A total of 42 SAGs were screened and seven of them, including KIF18B, CEP55, CIT, MCM7, CDC45, EZH2, and MCM5, were used to construct a prognostic formula. All seven genes were significantly downregulated in senescent cells and upregulated in HCC tissues. Survival analysis indicated that our seven-SAG signature was strongly associated with OS, especially in Asian populations, both in discovery and validation cohorts. Moreover, time-dependent ROC curve analysis suggested the seven-gene signature had a better predictive accuracy than serum AFP in predicting HCC patients’ 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS.
CONCLUSION We developed a seven-SAG signature, which could predict OS of Asian HCC patients. This risk model provides new clinical evidence for the accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Taishan Medical College, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Run-Chen Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing-Xian Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Nong Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing-Yao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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21
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The long noncoding RNA Falcor regulates Foxa2 expression to maintain lung epithelial homeostasis and promote regeneration. Genes Dev 2019; 33:656-668. [PMID: 30923168 PMCID: PMC6546060 DOI: 10.1101/gad.320523.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Swarr et al. identified a regulatory feedback loop between Foxa2 and a downstream lncRNA, Falcor, in the lung. Transcription factors (TFs) are dosage-sensitive master regulators of gene expression, with haploinsufficiency frequently leading to life-threatening disease. Numerous mechanisms have evolved to tightly regulate the expression and activity of TFs at the transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels. A subset of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is spatially correlated with transcription factors in the genome, but the regulatory relationship between these lncRNAs and their neighboring TFs is unclear. We identified a regulatory feedback loop between the TF Foxa2 and a downstream lncRNA, Falcor (Foxa2-adjacent long noncoding RNA). Foxa2 directly represses Falcor expression by binding to its promoter, while Falcor functions in cis to positively regulate the expression of Foxa2. In the lung, loss of Falcor is sufficient to lead to chronic inflammatory changes and defective repair after airway epithelial injury. Moreover, disruption of the Falcor–Foxa2 regulatory feedback loop leads to altered cell adhesion and migration, in turn resulting in chronic peribronchial airway inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia. These data reveal that the lncRNA Falcor functions within a regulatory feedback loop to fine-tune the expression of Foxa2, maintain airway epithelial homeostasis, and promote regeneration.
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22
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Peng R, Zhang PF, Yang X, Wei CY, Huang XY, Cai JB, Lu JC, Gao C, Sun HX, Gao Q, Bai DS, Shi GM, Ke AW, Fan J. Overexpression of RNF38 facilitates TGF-β signaling by Ubiquitinating and degrading AHNAK in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:113. [PMID: 30836988 PMCID: PMC6402116 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RING finger protein 38 (RNF38), a member of the RNF protein family, has just emerged as a vital driver of cancer progression. However, the oncogenic mechanisms of RNF38 remain unexplored. METHODS Using frozen tumor tissue and tissue microarray from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, we tried to probe the expression of RNF38 in HCC and its clinical value. Then the biological functions of RNF38 were analyzed in vivo and vitro. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids (SILAC) in cell culture and co-immunoprecipitation proteomic analyses were combined to reveal the potential mechanism of RNF38 in HCC progression. RESULTS We report that RNF38 expression was markedly higher in HCC tissues than in peritumor tissues. Correspondingly, RNF38 overexpression promoted the HCC cell migration and invasion and inhibited apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. And elevated RNF38 expression induced HCC cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition by facilitating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling via ubiquitinating and degrading neuroblast differentiation-associated protein (AHNAK), a well-established inhibitor of TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, AHNAK interference restored the HCC cell invasion and metastasis deprived by RNF38 downregulation. Clinically, elevated RNF38 and transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) expression was related to short overall survival (OS) and high cumulative recurrence rates in HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS High levels of RNF38 promote HCC by facilitating TGF-β signaling and are a novel marker for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients and a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Peng
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 180 Feng lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 180 Feng lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 180 Feng lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Yuan Wei
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 180 Feng lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yong Huang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 180 Feng lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bin Cai
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 180 Feng lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 180 Feng lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 180 Feng lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xiang Sun
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 180 Feng lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 180 Feng lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dou-Sheng Bai
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Ming Shi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 180 Feng lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai-Wu Ke
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 180 Feng lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 180 Feng lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Metabolic aspects in NAFLD, NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma: the role of PGC1 coactivators. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:160-174. [PMID: 30518830 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of hepatic metabolism are critical to the development of liver disease. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivators (PGC1s) are able to orchestrate, on a transcriptional level, different aspects of liver metabolism, such as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis. As modifications affecting both mitochondrial and lipid metabolism contribute to the initiation and/or progression of liver steatosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a link between disrupted PGC1 pathways and onset of these pathological conditions has been postulated. However, despite the large quantity of studies, the scenario is still not completely understood, and some issues remain controversial. Here, we discuss the roles of PGC1s in healthy liver and explore their contribution to the pathogenesis and future therapy of NASH and HCC.
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24
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Zhao H, Peng C, Lu X, Guo M, Yang T, Zhou J, Hai Y. PDCD5 inhibits osteosarcoma cell metastasis via targeting TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and is associated with good prognosis. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:1116-1128. [PMID: 30899411 PMCID: PMC6413283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Whether programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) is effective for tumor metastasis remains unclear. In this study, the expression of PDCD5 in 63 osteosarcoma (OS) tissues and two OS cell lines was analyzed. Then the relationship between PDCD5 expression and clinicopathological features of OS was studied. In addition, adhesion, wound healing, Transwell and Matrigel tube formation assays were used to explore the role of PDCD5 in OS cell adhesion, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. At the same time, key molecules involved in migration, invasion and EMT in tumor specimens were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The data showed that PDCD5 overexpression significantly attenuated OS cell adhesion, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Furthermore, PDCD5 knockdown caused an opposite effect on these phenotypes in vitro. PDCD5 inhibited tumor metastasis by attenuating EMT in OS cells. PDCD5 knockdown enhanced the incidence of metastasis and EMT in OS cells. Furthermore, PDCD5 expression was reduced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in a time-dependent manner, and TGF-β1-induced EMT was induced by PDCD5 knockdown. Inactivation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway was involved in the anti-tumor function of PDCD5 in OS. Furthermore, tumor progression in OS patients was associated with low expression of PDCD5, indicating a decrease in survival and a poor prognosis. Our results suggest that PDCD5 may attenuate EMT by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway to inhibit OS metastasis and may be a potential adjuvant genetic therapy for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Changliang Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityShandong, China
| | - Xinchang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Tiejun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
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25
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Zhang Q, Sun S, Zhu C, Zheng Y, Cai Q, Liang X, Xie H, Zhou J. Prediction and analysis of weighted genes in hepatocellular carcinoma using bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2479-2488. [PMID: 30720105 PMCID: PMC6423588 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between primary tumor tissue and adjacent non-tumor tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples in order to investigate the mechanisms of HCC. The microarray data of the datasets GSE76427, GSE84005 and GSE57957 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. DEGs were identified using the limma package in the R programming language. Following the intersection of the DEGs screened from the three datasets, 218 genes were selected for further study. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database. The construction and analysis of modules were performed using Cytoscape and the module with the highest score was selected for further analysis. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were conducted for genes involved in the PPI network and the selected subnetwork. The network of the enriched pathways and their associated genes was constructed using Cytoscape. For the genes in the global PPI network, metabolism-associated pathways were significantly enriched; whereas, for the genes in the subnetwork, ‘cell cycle’, ‘oocyte meiosis’ and ‘DNA replication’ pathways were significantly enriched. To demonstrate the portability and repeatability of the prognostic value of the weighted genes, a validation cohort was obtained from datasets of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted. Evidence is presented that the expression levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member, cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8, alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide, alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), β polypeptide and cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 were associated with the overall survival of patients with HCC and that the expression levels of pituitary tumor-transforming 1, cell division cycle 20, DNA topoisomerase II α and cyclin B2 were negatively associated with the overall survival of patients with HCC. In conclusion, 9 weighted genes, involved in the development and progression of HCC, were identified using bioinformatics and survival analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shibo Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yujian Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Haorong Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Xia Q, Li Z, Zheng J, Zhang X, Di Y, Ding J, Yu D, Yan L, Shen L, Yan D, Jia N, Chen W, Feng Y, Wang J. Identification of novel biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma using transcriptome analysis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4851-4863. [PMID: 30272824 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianlin Xia
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University Jinshan District Shanghai China
| | - Zehuan Li
- Department of General Surgery Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jianghua Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Xu Zhang
- National Center for Liver Cancer Shanghai China
| | - Yang Di
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jin Ding
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Die Yu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University Jinshan District Shanghai China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Severe Hepatology Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District Shanghai China
| | - Longqiang Shen
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University Jinshan District Shanghai China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ning Jia
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University Jinshan District Shanghai China
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China
| | - Weiping Chen
- Microarray Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda USA
| | - Yanling Feng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District Shanghai China
| | - Jin Wang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University Jinshan District Shanghai China
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27
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Yang L, Ye S, Zhao X, Ji L, Zhang Y, Zhou P, Sun J, Guan Y, Han Y, Ni C, Hu X, Liu W, Wang H, Zhou B, Huang J. Molecular Characterization of HBV DNA Integration in Patients with Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:3225-3235. [PMID: 30271481 PMCID: PMC6160693 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of liver cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Viral DNA integration into the host cell genome is a key mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the molecular characterization and the potential clinical implications of HBV DNA integration into patients suffering from different hepatitis and HCC remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed HBV integrations in patients with hepatitis B and HCC using HBV probe-based capturing and next-generation sequencing. The results revealed that the sizes of the HBV integrations ranged from 28 bp to 3215 bp, including the full-length HBV DNA sequence. The integration breakpoints were preferentially distributed in the viral enhancer, X protein, and core protein regions of the HBV genome. The number of HBV integrations followed an increasing trend from hepatitis to HCC, which was positively correlated with the HBV virus load in patients with hepatitis. The number of HBV integrations in the HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B group was significantly greater than that in the other hepatitis B groups (P < 0.05). However, the relative abundance of HBV integrations was significantly higher in HCC tissues than in the adjacent liver tissues. Interestingly, 61.6% (8/13) of HBV-human DNA integration fragments could be detected at the RNA level. Our results also showed that HBV integration-targeted genes (ITGs) were significantly enriched in many cancer-related pathways, such as MAPK, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, and the hedgehog signaling pathway. Individuals with HBV integrations exhibited shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than those without HBV integrations in some ITGs including LINC00293 (long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 293; DFS P = 0.008, OS P = 0.009), FSHB (follicle stimulating hormone beta subunit; DFS P = 0.05, OS P = 0.186), and LPHN3 (latrophilin-3; DFS P = 0.493, OS P = 0.033). This study determined the underlying mechanism of HBV DNA integration in liver diseases and laid the foundation for future studies on the pathogenesis of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical Colleg, Shang Tang Road 158, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R China
| | - Song Ye
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qing Chun Road 79, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Ji
- Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yinxin Zhang
- Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Pingyu Zhou
- STD Institute, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Sun
- STD Institute, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Guan
- Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yingxin Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical Colleg, Shang Tang Road 158, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R China
| | - Xiaoge Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical Colleg, Shang Tang Road 158, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R China
| | - Weilong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University. Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University. Shenzhen, 518109, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, 518112, China
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28
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Kwak S, Lee S, Han E, Park S, Jeong M, Seo J, Park S, Sung G, Yoo J, Yoon H, Choi K. Serine/threonine kinase 31 promotes PDCD5‐mediated apoptosis in p53‐dependent human colon cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2649-2658. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Kwak
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Korea
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Korea
| | - Seung‐Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCenter for Chronic Metabolic Disease Research, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Medical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul Korea
| | - Eun‐Jung Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCenter for Chronic Metabolic Disease Research, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Medical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul Korea
| | - Soo‐Yeon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCenter for Chronic Metabolic Disease Research, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Medical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul Korea
| | - Mi‐Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCenter for Chronic Metabolic Disease Research, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Medical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul Korea
| | - Jaesung Seo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCenter for Chronic Metabolic Disease Research, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Medical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul Korea
| | - Seung‐Ho Park
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Korea
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Korea
| | - Gi‐Jun Sung
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Korea
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Korea
| | - Jung‐Yoon Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCenter for Chronic Metabolic Disease Research, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Medical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul Korea
| | - Ho‐Geun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCenter for Chronic Metabolic Disease Research, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Medical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul Korea
| | - Kyung‐Chul Choi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Korea
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Korea
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29
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Zhou YL, Yao QM, Zhou J, Chang Y, Li JL, Wang YZ, Wu HP, Chen YH, Liu YR, Huang XJ, Ruan GR. Synergistic antitumoral efficacy of a novel replicative adenovirus SG611-PDCD5 and daunorubicin in human leukemic cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5121-5132. [PMID: 30197523 PMCID: PMC6112794 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s167868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Daunorubicin is a traditional chemotherapeutic agent that plays a pivotal role in leukemia therapy. However, the dose-related toxicity remains a considerable challenge. The apoptosis-regulating gene, PDCD5, is downregulated in various tumors, including leukemias, and may provide a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia. The purpose of this study was to construct a triple-regulated oncolytic adenovirus carrying a PDCD5 gene expression cassette (SG611-PDCD5) and explore the combined antitumor efficacy of SG611-PDCD5 in combination with low dose daunorubicin on leukemic cells. Materials and methods A variety of leukemic cell lines, including K562, MEG-01, KG-1a, HL-60, SUP-B15, and BV-173, were cultured according to the providers’ instructions. The insertion and orientation of all recombined plasmids were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and PCR. The tumor-selective replication of the constructed conditionally replicating SG611-PDCD5 and its antitumor efficacy in combination with daunorubicin were characterized in leukemic cell lines in vitro and in a nude mouse xenograft model. Cell viability was detected using cell-counting kit-8. Apoptosis was detected in whole living cells using flow cytometry and in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results The triple-regulated CRAd carrying SG611-PDCD5 and nude mouse xenograft models of K562 cells were successfully constructed. In vitro treatment with SG611-PDCD5 in combination with low-dose daunorubicin elicited more potent anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effects in leukemic cells in a dose-dependent manner. The Chou-Talalay analysis revealed synergistic anti-proliferative effects in all of the above cell lines. In the nude mice xenograft model, the tumor size in the control, daunorubicin, SG611-PDCD5, and combined treatment groups on day 10 were 170.1±47.8, 111.9±81.1, 60.7±12.3, and 33.2±17.5 mm3, respectively (all P<0.05). The results of the TUNEL assay showed significantly more apoptotic cells in the SG611-PDCD5 plus daunorubicin group than in the SG611-PDCD5 or daunorubicin groups alone (25±0.82, 12.5±2.27, and 7.8±2.67 apoptotic cells/field, respectively) (P<0.05). Conclusion The findings suggest that combined treatment with SG611-PDCD5 and daunorubicin may be a promising strategy for enhancing chemosensitivity and thus lowering the dose-related toxicity of daunorubicin in leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China,
| | - Qiu-Mei Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China,
| | - Jiao Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China,
| | - Yan Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China,
| | - Jin-Lan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China,
| | - Ya-Zhe Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China,
| | - Hong-Ping Wu
- Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China,
| | - Yan-Rong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China,
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China,
| | - Guo-Rui Ruan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China,
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Singh AK, Kumar R, Pandey AK. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Causes, Mechanism of Progression and Biomarkers. Curr Chem Genom Transl Med 2018; 12:9-26. [PMID: 30069430 PMCID: PMC6047212 DOI: 10.2174/2213988501812010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in the world. It is a heterogeneous group of a tumour that vary in risk factor and genetic and epigenetic alteration event. Mortality due to HCC in last fifteen years has increased. Multiple factors including viruses, chemicals, and inborn and acquired metabolic diseases are responsible for its development. HCC is closely associated with hepatitis B virus, and at least in some regions of the world with hepatitis C virus. Liver injury caused by viral factor affects many cellular processes such as cell signalling, apoptosis, transcription, DNA repair which in turn induce important effects on cell survival, growth, transformation and maintenance. Molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinogenesis may vary depending on different factors and this is probably why a large set of mechanisms have been associated with these tumours. Various biomarkers including α-fetoprotein, des-γ-carboxyprothrombin, glypican-3, golgi protein-73, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, circulating miRNAs and altered DNA methylation pattern have shown diagnostic significance. This review article covers up key molecular pathway alterations, biomarkers for diagnosis of HCC, anti-HCC drugs and relevance of key molecule/pathway/receptor as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abhay K. Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
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Soliman B, Salem A, Ghazy M, Abu-Shahba N, El Hefnawi M. Bioinformatics functional analysis of let-7a, miR-34a, and miR-199a/b reveals novel insights into immune system pathways and cancer hallmarks for hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318773675. [PMID: 29775159 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318773675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Let-7a, miR-34a, and miR-199 a/b have gained a great attention as master regulators for cellular processes. In particular, these three micro-RNAs act as potential onco-suppressors for hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioinformatics can reveal the functionality of these micro-RNAs through target prediction and functional annotation analysis. In the current study, in silico analysis using innovative servers (miRror Suite, DAVID, miRGator V3.0, GeneTrail) has demonstrated the combinatorial and the individual target genes of these micro-RNAs and further explored their roles in hepatocellular carcinoma progression. There were 87 common target messenger RNAs (p ≤ 0.05) that were predicted to be regulated by the three micro-RNAs using miRror 2.0 target prediction tool. In addition, the functional enrichment analysis of these targets that was performed by DAVID functional annotation and REACTOME tools revealed two major immune-related pathways, eight hepatocellular carcinoma hallmarks-linked pathways, and two pathways that mediate interconnected processes between immune system and hepatocellular carcinoma hallmarks. Moreover, protein-protein interaction network for the predicted common targets was obtained by using STRING database. The individual analysis of target genes and pathways for the three micro-RNAs of interest using miRGator V3.0 and GeneTrail servers revealed some novel predicted target oncogenes such as SOX4, which we validated experimentally, in addition to some regulated pathways of immune system and hepatocarcinogenesis such as insulin signaling pathway and adipocytokine signaling pathway. In general, our results demonstrate that let-7a, miR-34a, and miR-199 a/b have novel interactions in different immune system pathways and major hepatocellular carcinoma hallmarks. Thus, our findings shed more light on the roles of these miRNAs as cancer silencers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangly Soliman
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,2 Informatics and Systems Department, Biomedical Informatics and Chemo-Informatics Group, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences (CEAS), Division of Engineering Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Salem
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ghazy
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Abu-Shahba
- 3 Stem Cells Research Group, Medical Centre of Excellence, Medical Molecular Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El Hefnawi
- 2 Informatics and Systems Department, Biomedical Informatics and Chemo-Informatics Group, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences (CEAS), Division of Engineering Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,4 Centre for Informatics, Nile University, Sheikh Zayed City, Egypt
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Mao R, Liu J, Liu G, Jin S, Xue Q, Ma L, Fu Y, Zhao N, Xing J, Li L, Qiu Y, Lin B. Whole genome sequencing of matched tumor, adjacent non-tumor tissues and corresponding normal blood samples of hepatocellular carcinoma patients revealed dynamic changes of the mutations profiles during hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26185-26199. [PMID: 28412734 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the third most deadly disease worldwide and HBV is the major factor in Asia and Africa. We conducted 9 WGS (whole genome sequencing) analyses for matched samples of tumor, adjacent non-tumor tissues and normal blood samples of HCC patients from three HBV positive patients. We then validated the mutations identified in a larger cohort of 177 HCC patients. We found that the number of the unique somatic mutations (average of 59,136) in tumor samples is significantly less than that in adjacent non-tumor tissues (average 83, 633). We discovered that the TP53 R249S mutation occurred in 7.7% of the HCC patients, and it was significantly associated with poor diagnosis. In addition, we found that the L104P mutation in the VCX gene (Variable charge, X-linked) was absent in white blood cell samples, but present at 11.1% frequency in the adjacent tissues and increased to 14.6% in HCC tissues, suggesting that this mutation might be a tumor driver gene driving HCC carcinogenesis. Finally, we identified a TK1-RNU7 fusion, which would result in a deletion of 103 amino acids from its C-terminal. The frequencies of this fusion event decreased from the adjacent tissues (29.2%) to the tumors (16.7%), suggesting that a truncated thymidine Kinase1 (TK1) caused by the fusion event might be deleterious and be selected against during tumor progression. The three-way comparisons allow the identification of potential driver mutations of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, our dataset provides the research community a valuable dataset for identifying dynamic changes of mutation profiles and driver mutations for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Mao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Guanfeng Liu
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhong Xue
- Departmant of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhao
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biaoyang Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.,Departmant of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Hepatitis B Virus Activates Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Supporting Hepatocyte Survival and Virus Replication. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 4:339-363. [PMID: 28884137 PMCID: PMC5581872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The human hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, but molecular mechanisms driving liver disease and carcinogenesis are largely unknown. We therefore studied cellular pathways altered by HBV infection. METHODS We performed gene expression profiling of primary human hepatocytes infected with HBV and proved the results in HBV-replicating cell lines and human liver tissue using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) was examined in HBV-replicating human hepatocytes, HBV-replicating mice, and liver tissue from HBV-infected individuals using Western blotting, STAT3-luciferase reporter assay, and immunohistochemistry. The consequences of STAT3 activation on HBV infection and cell survival were studied by chemical inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of STAT3. RESULTS Gene expression profiling of HBV-infected primary human hepatocytes detected no interferon response, while genes encoding for acute phase and antiapoptotic proteins were up-regulated. This gene regulation was confirmed in liver tissue samples of patients with chronic HBV infection and in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathway analysis revealed activation of STAT3 to be the major regulator. Interleukin-6-dependent and -independent activation of STAT3 was detected in HBV-replicating hepatocytes in cell culture and in vivo. Prevention of STAT3 activation by inhibition of Janus tyrosine kinases as well as small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of STAT3-induced apoptosis and reduced HBV replication and gene expression. CONCLUSIONS HBV activates STAT3 signaling in hepatocytes to foster its own replication but also to prevent apoptosis of infected cells. This very likely supports HBV-related carcinogenesis.
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Key Words
- APR, acute phase response
- Apoptosis
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- HBV pg RNA, hepatitis B pregenomic RNA
- HBV, Hepatitis B virus
- HBVtg, hepatitis B transgenic
- HBeAg, hepatitis B early antigen
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HNF, hepatocyte nuclear factor
- Hepatitis B Virus Infection
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- IFN, interferon
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PHH, primary human hepatocyte
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RT, reverse transcription
- STAT3 Signaling
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- cRNA, complementary RNA
- cccDNA, covalently closed circular DNA
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- p.i., postinfection
- pSTAT3, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- pgRNA, pregenomic RNA
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Shivakumar M, Lee Y, Bang L, Garg T, Sohn KA, Kim D. Identification of epigenetic interactions between miRNA and DNA methylation associated with gene expression as potential prognostic markers in bladder cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2017; 10:30. [PMID: 28589857 PMCID: PMC5461531 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-017-0269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One of the fundamental challenges in cancer is to detect the regulators of gene expression changes during cancer progression. Through transcriptional silencing of critical cancer-related genes, epigenetic change such as DNA methylation plays a crucial role in cancer. In addition, miRNA, another major component of epigenome, is also a regulator at the post-transcriptional levels that modulate transcriptome changes. However, a mechanistic role of synergistic interactions between DNA methylation and miRNA as epigenetic regulators on transcriptomic changes and its association with clinical outcomes such as survival have remained largely unexplored in cancer. Methods In this study, we propose an integrative framework to identify epigenetic interactions between methylation and miRNA associated with transcriptomic changes. To test the utility of the proposed framework, the bladder cancer data set, including DNA methylation, miRNA expression, and gene expression data, from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was analyzed for this study. Results First, we found 120 genes associated with interactions between the two epigenomic components. Then, 11 significant epigenetic interactions between miRNA and methylation, which target E2F3, CCND1, UTP6, CDADC1, SLC35E3, METRNL, TPCN2, NACC2, VGLL4, and PTEN, were found to be associated with survival. To this end, exploration of TCGA bladder cancer data identified epigenetic interactions that are associated with survival as potential prognostic markers in bladder cancer. Conclusions Given the importance and prevalence of these interactions of epigenetic events in bladder cancer it is timely to understand further how different epigenetic components interact and influence each other. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-017-0269-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Shivakumar
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa Bang
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Tullika Garg
- Mowad Urology Department, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Kyung-Ah Sohn
- Department of Software and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA. .,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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RNA-Sequencing data supports the existence of novel VEGFA splicing events but not of VEGFA xxxb isoforms. Sci Rep 2017; 7:58. [PMID: 28246395 PMCID: PMC5427905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA), a pivotal regulator of angiogenesis and valuable therapeutic target, is characterised by alternative splicing which generates three principal isoforms, VEGFA121, VEGFA165 and VEGFA189. A second set of anti-angiogenic isoforms termed VEGFAxxxb that utilise an alternative splice site in the final exon have been widely reported, with mRNA detection based principally upon RT-PCR assays. We sought confirmation of the existence of the VEGFAxxxb isoforms within the abundant RNA sequencing data available publicly. Whilst sequences derived specifically from each of the canonical VEGFA isoforms were present in many tissues, there were no sequences derived from VEGFAxxxb isoforms. Sequencing of approximately 50,000 RT-PCR products spanning the exon 7–8 junction in 10 tissues did not identify any VEGFAxxxb transcripts. The absence or extremely low expression of these transcripts in vivo indicates that VEGFAxxxb isoforms are unlikely to play a role in normal physiology. Our analyses also revealed multiple novel splicing events supported by more reads than previously reported for VEGFA145 and VEGFA148 isoforms, including three from novel first exons consistent with existing transcription start site data. These novel VEGFA isoforms may play significant roles in specific cell types.
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Liu X, Tan XL, Xia M, Wu C, Song J, Wu JJ, Laurence A, Xie QG, Zhang MZ, Liang HF, Zhang BX, Chen XP. Loss of 11βHSD1 enhances glycolysis, facilitates intrahepatic metastasis, and indicates poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2038-53. [PMID: 26700460 PMCID: PMC4811515 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1), converting glucocorticoids from hormonally inactive cortisone to active cortisol, plays an essential role in glucose homeostasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that enhanced glycolytic activity is closely associated with postoperative recurrence and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whether 11βHSD1 contributes to HCC metastasis and recurrence remains unclear. Here we found that expression of 11βHSD1 in human HCC (310 pairs) was frequently decreased compared to the adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissues (ANT), which correlated well with the intrahepatic-metastatic index, serum glycemia, and other malignant clinicopathological characteristics of HCC and predicted poor prognosis. Knockdown of 11βHSD1 in BEL-7402 cells drastically reduced the pH of culture medium and induced cell death. Meanwhile, overexpression of 11βHSD1 in SMMC-7721 HCC cells resulted in repression of cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and proliferation in vitro. When transferred into BALB/c nude mice, 11βHSD1 overexpression resulted in decreased intrahepatic metastasis, angiogenesis, and tumor size. F-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose accumulation assay measured by positron emission tomography elucidated that 11βHSD1 reduced glucose uptake and glycolysis in SMMC-7721 cells in vitro, and intrahepatic metastasis foci and subcutaneous tumor growth in vivo. We showed that 11βHSD1 repressed cell metastasis, angiogenesis and proliferation of HCC by causing disruption of glycolysis via the HIF-1α and c-MYC pathways. In conclusion, 11βHSD1 inhibits the intrahepatic metastasis of HCC via restriction of tumor glycolysis activity and may serve as a prognostic biomarker for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Long Tan
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Xia
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Song
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Arian Laurence
- The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Qing-Guo Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hui-Fang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bi-Xiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Ehsani Ardakani MJ, Safaei A, Arefi Oskouie A, Haghparast H, Haghazali M, Mohaghegh Shalmani H, Peyvandi H, Naderi N, Zali MR. Evaluation of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma using Protein-Protein Interaction Networks. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2016; 9:S14-S22. [PMID: 28224023 PMCID: PMC5310795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM In the current study, we analysised only the articles that investigate serum proteome profile of cirrhosis patients or HCC patients versus healthy controls. BACKGROUND Increased understanding of cancer biology has enabled identification of molecular events that lead to the discovery of numerous potential biomarkers in diseases. Protein-protein interaction networks is one of aspect that could elevate the understanding level of molecular events and protein connections that lead to the identification of genes and proteins associated with diseases. METHODS Gene expression data, including 63 gene or protein names for hepatocellular carcinoma and 29 gene or protein names for cirrhosis, were extracted from a number of previous investigations. The networks of related differentially expressed genes were explored using Cytoscape and the PPI analysis methods such as MCODE and ClueGO. Centrality and cluster screening identified hub genes, including APOE, TTR, CLU, and APOA1 in cirrhosis. RESULTS CLU and APOE belong to the regulation of positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly. HP and APOE involved in cellular oxidant detoxification. C4B and C4BP belong to the complement activation, classical pathway and acute inflammation response pathway. Also, it was reported TTR, TFRC, VWF, CLU, A2M, APOA1, CKAP5, ZNF648, CASP8, and HSP27 as hubs in HCC. In HCC, these include A2M that are corresponding to platelet degranulation, humoral immune response, and negative regulation of immune effector process. CLU belong to the reverse cholesterol transport, platelet degranulation and human immune response. APOA1 corresponds to the reverse cholesterol transport, platelet degranulation and humoral immune response, as well as negative regulation of immune effector process pathway. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study suggests that there is a common molecular relationship between cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer that may help with identification of target molecules for early treatment that is essential in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Ehsani Ardakani
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Safaei
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afsaneh Arefi Oskouie
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hesam Haghparast
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterologyand Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Haghazali
- Behbood Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Mohaghegh Shalmani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterologyand Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Peyvandi
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Naderi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterologyand Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen Z, Yu C, Zhan L, Pan Y, Chen L, Sun C. LncRNA CRNDE promotes hepatic carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by suppressing miR-384. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2299-2309. [PMID: 27822419 PMCID: PMC5088293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have found that colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) is related to cancer development. Herein, we found that the expression of CRNDE was increased in human hepatic carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cell lines. The ROC curve analysis illustrated CRNDE has a significant diagnostic value for HCC. At the same time, CRNDE promotes HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated that miR-384 was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues. Moreover, we indicated CRNDE negatively regulated miR-384 expression in HCC. In addition, we found that CRNDE accelerated the expression levels of NF-κB and p-AKT though inhibition of miR-384. Overall, these results suggested that CRNDE-miR-384 axis might be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Yaozhen Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Chengyi Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
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39
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Gao M, Gao W, Wang Z, Liu Y, Li Y, Wei C, Sun Y, Guo C, Zhang L, Wei Z, Wang X. The reduced PDCD5 protein is correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:988. [PMID: 27398268 PMCID: PMC4937001 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the female genital tract. Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) is a newly identified apoptosis related gene and plays an important role in the development of some human tumors. However, the expression and clinical significance of PDCD5 in endometrial cancer have not been fully elucidated. Here, we evaluated the expression of PDCD5 in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma and control endometrium by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, and analyzed the associations of PDCD5 expression with clinicopathological parameters of patients. In addition, we detected the expression of PDCD5 in control endometrial glandular epithelial cells and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma-derived cell line KLE by immunocytochemistry. The results showed that PDCD5 protein mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of glandular epithelial cells and endometrial carcinoma cells, and there was a low level of PDCD5 expression in the nuclei of the above cells. Furthermore, PDCD5 protein level was significantly lower in endometrial carcinoma samples than that in control endometrium. The decreased PDCD5 expression was correlated with the tumor differentiation degree. It is clear that PDCD5 protein expression was lower in middle and low differentiated endometrial carcinoma compared with control endometrium and high differentiated endometrial carcinoma. However, there were no significant differences of PDCD5 expression between the proliferative phase and the secretory phase of control endometrium, as well as between high differentiated endometrial carcinoma and controls. The results were verified in control glandular epithelial cells and KLE cells by immunocytochemistry. Therefore, PDCD5 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer and may be a novel target for diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Services, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanying Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Yingshuo Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Guo
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Zengtao Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People's Republic of China
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Martínez-Iglesias O, Alonso-Merino E, Aranda A. Tumor suppressive actions of the nuclear receptor corepressor 1. Pharmacol Res 2016; 108:75-79. [PMID: 27149915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Receptor Corepressor 1 (NCoR) is an important transcriptional regulator that interacts with nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. Recent results have shown the presence of inactivating mutations or deletions of the NCoR gene in human tumors. NCoR has a strong tumor suppressor activity, inhibiting invasion, metastasis formation and tumor growth in xenograft mouse models. These changes are associated to transcriptional inhibition of genes linked to bad prognosis and increased metastasis in cancer patients. NCoR loss causes a long-term repression of NCoR gene transcription, suggesting that NCoR deficiency in the cancer cell could be propagated playing a role in tumor progression in the absence of NCoR gene mutations. The thyroid hormone receptor TRβ increases NCoR expression and this induction is essential in mediating the anti-metastatic and tumor suppressive actions of the receptor. Since metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related deaths, these results define NCoR as a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Martínez-Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Alonso-Merino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Aranda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
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Autoregulatory loop of nuclear corepressor 1 expression controls invasion, tumor growth, and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E328-37. [PMID: 26729869 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1520469113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear corepressor 1 (NCoR) associates with nuclear receptors and other transcription factors leading to transcriptional repression. We show here that NCoR depletion enhances cancer cell invasion and increases tumor growth and metastatic potential in nude mice. These changes are related to repressed transcription of genes associated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis in patients. Strikingly, transient NCoR silencing leads to heterochromatinization and stable silencing of the NCoR gene, suggesting that NCoR loss can be propagated, contributing to tumor progression even in the absence of NCoR gene mutations. Down-regulation of the thyroid hormone receptor β1 (TRβ) appears to be associated with cancer onset and progression. We found that expression of TRβ increases NCoR levels and that this induction is essential in mediating inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by this receptor. Moreover, NCoR is down-regulated in human hepatocarcinomas and in the more aggressive breast cancer tumors, and its expression correlates positively with that of TRβ. These data provide a molecular basis for the anticancer actions of this corepressor and identify NCoR as a potential molecular target for development of novel cancer therapies.
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Ho YJ, Lin YM, Huang YC, Yeh KT, Lin LI, Lu JW. Tissue microarray-based study of hepatocellular carcinoma validating SPIB as potential clinical prognostic marker. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:38-45. [PMID: 26610895 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the prognostic significance of SPIB protein overexpression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the level of SPIB expression in human HCC in order to determine possible correlations between SPIB expression and clinicopathological findings. The expression of SPIB proteins was detected using immunohistochemical staining in commercial multiple-tissue microarrays as a means of examining expression profiles in patients. Using online biomarker validation tool SurvExpress, we focused on the correlation between SPIB overexpression and survival as well as relapse-free survival (RFS). Results show that SPIB protein expression levels were significantly higher in colon, liver, and stomach tumors than in non-tumor tissues (p<0.05). SPIB overexpression in patients with HCC was also significantly higher than that of the normal samples (p<0.001). Among patients with liver disease, SPIB protein expression levels differ significantly according to the stage of liver disease, specifically between stages I, II, and III of HCC (p<0.05). SPIB expression was also shown to be significantly correlated with age (p=0.046) and histological grade (p=0.027). Furthermore, the SurvExpress analysis suggested that high SPIB and KI-67 mRNA expression were significantly associated with the poor survival of patients with HCC (p<0.05). Our results indicate that cross-talk in the expression of SPIB and KI-67 may be associated with poor prognosis and may potentially serve as a clinical prognostic indicator of HCC. This is the first time that such an association has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jung Ho
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Chi Huang
- Department of Styling & Cosmetology, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-In Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Wei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Gao L, Ye X, Ma RQ, Cheng HY, Han HJ, Cui H, Wei LH, Chang XH. Low programmed cell death 5 expression is a prognostic factor in ovarian cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:1084-90. [PMID: 25881604 PMCID: PMC4832950 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.155100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is a leading gynecological malignancy. We investigated the prognostic value of programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods: Expression levels of PDCD5 mRNA and protein were examined in six ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3, CAOV3, ES2, OV1, 3AO, and HOC1A) and one normal ovarian epithelial cell line (T29) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. After inducing PDCD5 induction in SKOV3 cells or treating this cell line with taxol or doxorubicin (either alone or combined), apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining. Correlations between PDCD5 protein expression and pathological features, histological grade, FIGO stage, effective cytoreductive surgery, and serum cancer antigen-125 values were evaluated in patients with ovarian cancer. Results: PDCD5 mRNA and protein expression were downregulated in ovarian cancer cells. Recombinant human PDCD5 increased doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells (15.96 ± 2.07%, vs. 3.17 ± 1.45% in controls). In patients with ovarian cancer, PDCD5 expression was inversely correlated with FIGO stage, pathological grade, and patient survival (P < 0.05, R = 0.7139 for survival). Conclusions: PDCD5 expression is negatively correlated with disease progression and stage in ovarian cancer. Therefore, measuring PDCD5 expression may be a good method of determining the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Hong Chang
- Gynecology Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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44
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Zeng Z, Tu J, Cheng J, Yao M, Wu Y, Huang X, Xie X, Zhang X, Lu F, Chen X. Influence of CCND1 G870A polymorphism on the risk of HBV-related HCC and cyclin D1 splicing variant expression in Chinese population. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6891-900. [PMID: 25851350 PMCID: PMC4644212 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The G870A polymorphism in the exon 4/intron 4 boundary of CCND1 gene is thought to influence the generation of two mRNAs (cyclin D1a and cyclin D1b). The "A" allele codes for a truncated variant, cyclin D1b, which may have higher transforming activity. Herein, the tumor relevance of G870A polymorphism, the association between cyclin D1 variant expression and G870A genotype, and the oncogenic potential of cyclin D1 variants in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were examined. We found that there is no significant difference of G870A distribution among the HCC, chronic HBV (CHB) infection, cirrhotic CHB, and healthy control groups. Stratification analysis revealed that in younger patients (ages ≤ 50), cirrhotic CHB patients with AA genotype had an increased risk of developing HCC with odds ratio of 1.943 (95 % CI 1.022-3.694, p = 0.0411) as compared with AG/GG genotypes. The two variants were both transcripted from "A" and "G" alleles, and neither cyclin D1a nor D1b production was influenced by G870A genotype in HCC. The expression of both cyclins D1a and D1b decreased in HCC tissues (p = 0.003, p = 0.005), while increased in adjacent nontumor tissues as compared with normal liver tissues (p = 0.045, p = 0.034). Overexpression of cyclin D1a or D1b could promote the cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression in Huh-7 and LO2 cell lines. Collectively, our data suggest that G870A polymorphism has only very limited predictive value for HBV-related HCC. Both cyclins D1a and D1b could promote cell proliferation, which might contribute to the potential oncogenic role of cyclin D1 variants during the precancerous cirrhotic stage of hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Tu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mingjie Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yali Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiangbo Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Borlak J, Singh P, Gazzana G. Proteome mapping of epidermal growth factor induced hepatocellular carcinomas identifies novel cell metabolism targets and mitogen activated protein kinase signalling events. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:124. [PMID: 25872475 PMCID: PMC4357185 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on the rise and the sixth most common cancer worldwide. To combat HCC effectively research is directed towards its early detection and the development of targeted therapies. Given the fact that epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an important mitogen for hepatocytes we searched for disease regulated proteins to improve an understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of EGF induced HCC. Disease regulated proteins were studied by 2DE MALDI-TOF/TOF and a transcriptomic approach, by immunohistochemistry and advanced bioinformatics. Results Mapping of EGF induced liver cancer in a transgenic mouse model identified n = 96 (p < 0.05) significantly regulated proteins of which n = 54 were tumour-specific. To unravel molecular circuits linked to aberrant EGFR signalling diverse computational approaches were employed and this defined n = 7 key nodes using n = 82 disease regulated proteins for network construction. STRING analysis revealed protein-protein interactions of > 70% disease regulated proteins with individual proteins being validated by immunohistochemistry. The disease regulated network proteins were mapped to distinct pathways and bioinformatics provided novel insight into molecular circuits associated with significant changes in either glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, argine and proline metabolism, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Hif- and MAPK signalling, lipoprotein metabolism, platelet activation and hemostatic control as a result of aberrant EGF signalling. The biological significance of the findings was corroborated with gene expression data derived from tumour tissues to evntually define a rationale by which tumours embark on intriguing changes in metabolism that is of utility for an understanding of tumour growth. Moreover, among the EGF tumour specific proteins n = 11 were likewise uniquely expressed in human HCC and for n = 49 proteins regulation in human HCC was confirmed using the publically available Human Protein Atlas depository, therefore demonstrating clinical significance. Conclusion Novel insight into the molecular pathogenesis of EGF induced liver cancer was obtained and among the 37 newly identified proteins several are likely candidates for the development of molecularly targeted therapies and include the nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, bifunctional ATP-dependent dihydroyacetone kinase and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein1, the latter being an inhibitor of the Raf-1 kinase. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1312-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Suppression of CYP2C9 by microRNA hsa-miR-128-3p in human liver cells and association with hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8534. [PMID: 25704921 PMCID: PMC4336941 DOI: 10.1038/srep08534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Published studies have identified genetic variants, somatic mutations, and changes in gene expression profiles that are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly involving genes that encode drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). CYP2C9, one of the most abundant and important DMEs, is involved in the metabolism of many carcinogens and drugs and is down-regulated in HCC. To investigate the molecular mechanisms that control CYP2C9 expression, we applied integrative approaches including in silico, in vitro, and in vivo analyses to elucidate the role of microRNA hsa-miR-128-3p in the regulation of CYP2C9 expression and translation. RNA electrophoresis mobility shift assays demonstrated a direct interaction between hsa-miR-128-3p and its cognate target, the CYP2C9 transcript. Furthermore, the expression of a luciferase reporter gene containing the 3′-UTR of CYP2C9 and the endogenous expression of CYP2C9 were suppressed by transfection of hsa-miR-128-3p. Importantly, chemically-induced up- or down-regulation of hsa-miR-128-3p correlated inversely with the expression of CYP2C9. Finally, an association analysis revealed that the expression of hsa-miR-128-3p is inversely correlated with the expression of CYP2C9 in HCC tumor tissues. Altogether, the study helped to elucidate the mechanism of CYP2C9 regulation by hsa-miR-128-3p, and the inverse association in HCC.
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Adenovirus-delivered PDCD5 counteracts adriamycin resistance of osteosarcoma cells through enhancing apoptosis and inhibiting Pgp. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 7:5429-36. [PMID: 25664052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 09/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the roles of PDCD5 (programmed cell death 5) in multidrug re-sistance (MDR) of osteosarcoma cells and the possible lurking mechanisms. An adenovirus expression vector of PDCD5 was constructed and transfected into human adriamycin-resistant osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2/ADM. We found that up-regulation of PDCD5 could significantly enhance the sensitivity of Saos-2/ADM cells towards vincristine, methotrexate, cisplatin and arsenic trioxide (As2O3), and could decrease the capacity of cells to efflux adriamycin. PDCD5 could significantly down regulate the expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), but not affect the expression of multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) or the glutathione S-transferase (GST). PDCD5 was also able to significantly increase the apoptotic activity of modified osteosarcoma cells. Further study of the biological functions of PDCD5 might be helpful in the understanding of the mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR) in osteosarcoma and exploring PDCD5 based adjuvant genetic therapy.
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ZHU WENBIN, LI YANG, GAO LEI. Cisplatin in combination with programmed cell death protein 5 increases antitumor activity in prostate cancer cells by promoting apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4561-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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MicroRNAs in liver cancer: a model for investigating pathogenesis and novel therapeutic approaches. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:46-57. [PMID: 25190143 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large class of short RNAs (e.g., 20-24 nucleotides in length), whose main function is to posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of protein-coding genes. Their importance in tumorigenesis has been demonstrated over the past decade, and correspondingly, they have emerged as potential therapeutic molecules and targets. Liver cancer is one of the most common neoplastic diseases worldwide, and it currently has a poor prognosis owing to largely ineffective therapeutic options. Liver cancer is also an excellent model for testing miRNA-based therapy approaches as it can be easily targeted with the systemic delivery of oligonucleotides. In recent years, the role of miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been established with molecular studies and the development of animal models. These studies have also provided the basis for evaluating the therapeutic potential of miRNAs, or anti-miRNAs. In general, the safety of miRNAs has been proven and antitumor activity has been observed. Moreover, because of the absence or presence of mild side effects, the prophylactic use of miRNA-based approaches may be foreseen.
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Melis M, Diaz G, Kleiner DE, Zamboni F, Kabat J, Lai J, Mogavero G, Tice A, Engle RE, Becker S, Brown CR, Hanson JC, Rodriguez-Canales J, Emmert-Buck M, Govindarajan S, Kew M, Farci P. Viral expression and molecular profiling in liver tissue versus microdissected hepatocytes in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2014; 12:230. [PMID: 25141867 PMCID: PMC4142136 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms whereby hepatitis B virus (HBV) induces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain elusive. We used genomic and molecular techniques to investigate host-virus interactions by studying multiple areas of the same liver from patients with HCC. Methods We compared the gene signature of whole liver tissue (WLT) versus laser capture-microdissected (LCM) hepatocytes along with the intrahepatic expression of HBV. Gene expression profiling was performed on up to 17 WLT specimens obtained at various distances from the tumor center from individual livers of 11 patients with HCC and on selected LCM samples. HBV markers in liver and serum were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confocal immunofluorescence. Results Analysis of 5 areas of the liver showed a sharp change in gene expression between the immediate perilesional area and tumor periphery that correlated with a significant decrease in the intrahepatic expression of HB surface antigen (HBsAg). The tumor was characterized by a large preponderance of down-regulated genes, mostly involved in the metabolism of lipids and fatty acids, glucose, amino acids and drugs, with down-regulation of pathways involved in the activation of PXR/RXR and PPARα/RXRα nuclear receptors, comprising PGC-1α and FOXO1, two key regulators critically involved not only in the metabolic functions of the liver but also in the life cycle of HBV, acting as essential transcription factors for viral gene expression. These findings were confirmed by gene expression of microdissected hepatocytes. Moreover, LCM of malignant hepatocytes also revealed up-regulation of unique genes associated with cancer and signaling pathways, including two novel HCC-associated cancer testis antigen genes, NUF2 and TTK. Conclusions Integrated gene expression profiling of whole liver tissue with that of microdissected hepatocytes demonstrated that HBV-associated HCC is characterized by a metabolism switch-off and by a significant reduction in HBsAg. LCM proved to be a critical tool to validate gene signatures associated with HCC and to identify genes that may play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis, opening new perspectives for the discovery of novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-014-0230-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrizia Farci
- Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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